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In phytopharmaceutical or herbal medicine, the active ingredient may be either unknown or may require cofactors in order to achieve therapeutic goals. This leads to complications in labelling. One way manufacturers have attempted to indicate strength is to engage in standardization to a marker compound. Standardization... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protofection is a developing technique and is continuously being improved. A specific protein transduction system has been created that is complexed with mtDNA, which enables the mtDNA to move across the targeted cell's membrane and specifically target mitochondria. The transduction system used consists of a protein tr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ohmic resistance appears in series with the electrode impedance of the reaction and the Nyquist diagram is translated to the right. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polariton superfluid is predicted to be a state of the exciton-polaritons system that combines the characteristics of lasers with those of excellent electrical conductors. Researchers look for this state in a solid state optical microcavity coupled with quantum well excitons. The idea is to create an ensemble of partic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the relatively long residence time of the ocean's thermohaline circulation, carbon transported as marine snow into the deep ocean by the biological pump can remain out of contact with the atmosphere for more than 1000 years. That is, when the marine snow is finally decomposed to inorganic nutrients and disso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The discovery of NS5A inhibitors took place within the context of a pursuit for a treatment for HCV. NS5A is among the seven nonstructural proteins that form a complex with viral RNA within infected cells to initiate HCV replication. HCV research has produced several DAAs including NS3A, NS4A and NS5B inhibitors, as we... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The entire process of rolling hairpin replication, which has distinct, sequential stages, can be summarized as follows:
*1. The coding portion of the genome is replicated, starting from the 3′-end of the 3′ hairpin, which acts as a primer, and continues until the newly synthesized strand is connected to the 5′-end of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
GPCRs include one or more receptors for the following ligands:
sensory signal mediators (e.g., light and olfactory stimulatory molecules);
adenosine, bombesin, bradykinin, endothelin, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), melanocortins, neuropeptide Y, opioid peptides, opsins, somatostatin, GH, ta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition to the active metal (usually Fe or Co), two other components comprise the catalyst: promoters and the catalyst support. Promoters are additives that enhance the behavior of the catalyst. For F-T catalysts, typical promoters including potassium and copper, which are usually added as salts. The choice of pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The endophenotype concept has also been used in suicide studies. Personality characteristics can be viewed as endophenotypes that may exert a diathesis effect on an individual's susceptibility to suicidal behavior. Although the exact identification of these endophenotypes is controversial, certain traits such as impuls... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diethyl dixanthogen disulfide is a component for froth flotations used, inter alia, for the separation of sulfide minerals like pyrrhotite. Diisopropyl dixanthogen disulfide is a reagent in the synthesis of sulfur heterocycles.
Dialkoxy dixanthogen disulfides undergo desulfurization by cyanide to give bis(alkoxythiocar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sewage may contain high levels of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. Typical values for nutrient loads per person and nutrient concentrations in raw sewage in developing countries have been published as follows: 8 g/person/d for total nitrogen (45 mg/L), 4.5 g/person/d for ammonia-N (25 mg/L) and 1.0 g/person/d for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, just beyond visible light. Ultraviolet wavelengths are 100 to 400 nanometres (nm, billionths of a metre) and are divided into three bands: A, B and C. UVA wavelengths are the longest, 315 to 400 nm; UVB are 280 to 315 nm, and UVC wavelengths are the s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-Catenin has been shown to interact with:
* APC,
* AXIN1,
* Androgen receptor,
* CBY1,
* CDH1,
* CDH2,
* CDH3,
* CDK5R1,
* CHUK,
* CTNND1,
* CTNNA1,
* EGFR,
* Emerin
* ESR1
* FHL2,
* GSK3B,
* HER2/neu,
* HNF4A,
* IKK2,
* LEF1 including transgenically,
* MAGI1,
* MUC1,
* NR5A1,
* PCAF,
* PHF17,
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Throughout recorded history, attempts at producing a state of general anesthesia can be traced back to the writings of ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Indians, and Chinese. Despite significant advances in anatomy and surgical technique during the Renaissance, surgery remained a last-resort treatme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solubilization is distinct from dissolution because the resulting fluid is a colloidal dispersion involving an association colloid. This suspension is distinct from a true solution, and the amount of the solubilizate in the micellar system can be different (often higher) than the regular solubility of the solubilizate ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Gaia theorem states that the Earth's atmospheric composition is kept at a dynamically steady state by the presence of life. The atmospheric composition provides the conditions that contemporary life has adapted to. All the atmospheric gases other than noble gases present in the atmosphere are either made by organis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FACSS presents several awards to both students and professionals. These awards honor scientists who have made significant contributions to the field of Analytical Chemistry.
*FACSS Student Award and Tomas A. Hirshfeld Award [https://web.archive.org/web/20130901023114/http://www.scixconference.org/awards/facss-2012-stu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the energy formula of Rydberg series is a result of hydrogen-like atom structure, Rydberg states are also present in molecules. Wave functions of high Rydberg states are very diffuse and span diameters that approach infinity. As a result, any isolated neutral molecule behaves like a hydrogen-like atom at the R... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The photochlorination of benzene proceeds also via a radical chain reaction:
In some applications, the reaction is carried out at 15 to 20 °C. At a conversion of 12 to 15% the reaction is stopped and the reaction mixture is worked up. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An event-specific detection searches for the presence of a DNA sequence unique to a certain GMO, usually the junction between the transgene and the organism's original DNA. This approach is ideal to precisely identify a GMO, yet highly similar GMOs will pass completely unnoticed. Event-specific detection is PCR-based. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compressors pump gas for a wide variety of applications each of which has its own flow resistance which the compressor has to meet to keep the gas flowing. A map shows the pumping characteristics for the complete range of flows and pressure requirements for its application. The map may be produced by driving the compre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In one dimension, a differential form
is exact if and only if has an antiderivative (but not necessarily one in terms of elementary functions). If has an antiderivative and let be an antiderivative of so , then obviously satisfies the condition for exactness. If does not have an antiderivative, then we cannot wri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ovarian hyperstimulation is the stimulation to induce development of multiple follicles of the ovaries. It should start with response prediction by e.g. age, antral follicle count and level of anti-Müllerian hormone. The resulting prediction of e.g. poor or hyper-response to ovarian hyperstimulation determines the prot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fish are exposed to large oxygen fluctuations in their aquatic environment since the inherent properties of water can result in marked spatial and temporal differences in the concentration of oxygen (see oxygenation and underwater). Fish respond to hypoxia with varied behavioral, physiological, and cellular responses t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclohexane is considered a benchmark in determining ring strain in cycloalkanes and it is commonly accepted that there is little to no strain energy. In comparison, smaller cycloalkanes are much higher in energy due to increased strain. Cyclopropane is analogous to a triangle and thus has bond angles of 60°, much lo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Contamination of the lake environment by chromium started in the 1950s, and has increased dramatically until at least 2005, reaching 20 times natural background levels. It originates in industrial activities that involve leather tanning in the shoe factory of Calzado Cobán. The chromium does not seem to accumulate alo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This section lists only historical data. For recent data, see Abundance of elements in Earth's crust.
Technical definition of "clarke", "Earth's crust" and "lithosphere" differ among authors, and the actual numbers vary accordingly, sometimes by several times. Even the same author presents multiple versions, with vario... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The encapsulins are a family of bacterial proteins that serve as the main structural components of encapsulin nanocompartments. There are several different encapsulin proteins, including EncA, which forms the shell, and EncB, EncC, and EncD, which form the core.
Encapsulins are also used in synthetic biology. They are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The acentric factor is a conceptual number introduced by Kenneth Pitzer in 1955, proven to be useful in the description of fluids. It has become a standard for the phase characterization of single & pure components, along with other state description parameters such as molecular weight, critical temperature, critical ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Traditional urban drainage systems are limited by various factors including volume capacity, damage or blockage from debris and contamination of drinking water. Many of these issues are addressed by SuDS systems by bypassing traditional drainage systems altogether and returning rainwater to natural water sources or str... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The general mathematical concept embodied in a Wigner–Seitz cell is more commonly called a Voronoi cell, and the partition of the plane into these cells for a given set of point sites is known as a Voronoi diagram.
The cell may be chosen by first picking a lattice point. After a point is chosen, lines are drawn to all ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enantiomers, also known as optical isomers, are two stereoisomers that are related to each other by a reflection: they are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable. Human hands are a macroscopic analog of this. Every stereogenic center in one has the opposite configuration in the other. Two compounds that ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Orr–Sommerfeld equation, in fluid dynamics, is an eigenvalue equation describing the linear two-dimensional modes of disturbance to a viscous parallel flow. The solution to the Navier–Stokes equations for a parallel, laminar flow can become unstable if certain conditions on the flow are satisfied, and the Orr–Somm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Palmitoylcarnitine has demonstrated potential as a diagnostic marker in newborns for the medical condition of primary carnitine deficiency.
Levels of palmitoylcarnitine (palcar) demonstrated significant correlation with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and its effects in prostate cancer models, suggesting a similar role betwe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Insects most often use sugars or polyols as cryoprotectants. One species that uses cryoprotectant is Polistes exclamans (a wasp). In this species, the different levels of cryoprotectant can be used to distinguish between morphologies. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At least three plausible mechanisms for the Elbs reaction have been suggested. The first mechanism, suggested by Fieser, begins with a heat-induced cyclisation of the benzophenone, followed by a [[Sigmatropic reaction#%5B1,3%5D-shifts|[1,3]-hydride shift]] to give the compound . A dehydration reaction then affords the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Recherches sur les composés octyliques (1870).
* Application du sulfure de manganèse comme conleur plastique (1890). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua were produced by scientists from the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai, led by Qiang Sun and Mu-ming Poo. They extracted nuclei from the fibroblasts of an aborted fetal monkey (a crab-eating macaque or Macaca fascicularis) and inserted them into egg cells (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another problem with plotting this (or any) type of count data is [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overplotting overplotting] which is solved in the RA plot by jittering the points out away from each other but no so far as to merge with other coordinates. The result of this feature is a patchwork-like appearance to the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many common substances exhibit non-Newtonian flows. These include:
* Soap solutions, cosmetics, and toothpaste
* Food such as butter, cheese, jam, mayonnaise, soup, taffy, and yogurt
* Natural substances such as magma, lava, gums, honey, and extracts such as vanilla extract
* Biological fluids such as blood, saliva, s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gold mining began in Gedebey in 2009. In 2016, Azer Gold CJSC began gold mining in the Chovdar deposit. In 2017, 6,390.8 kg of gold was mined (which exceeded the 2016 production by 3.4 times. Gold production in January–May 2018 amounted to 2,081.7 kg, which exceeds last years data by 19.5%. In the first quarter of 2018... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In recent years many industrial efforts have focused on tuning the color of lights using polyfluorenes. It was found that by doping green or red emitting materials into polyfluorenes one could tune the color emitted by the polymers. Since polyfluorene homopolymers emit higher energy blue light, they can transfer energy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In catenane nomenclature, a number in square brackets precedes the word "catenane" in order to indicate how many rings are involved. Discrete catenanes up to a [7]catenane have been synthesised. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Nigeria: Assistant Police Commissioner stated that pepper sprays are illegal for civilians to possess.
* South Africa: Pepper sprays are legal to own by civilians for self defense. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic (especially heteroaromatic), substrates is a very active field of ongoing research. Catalysts in this field must contend with a number of complicating factors, including the tendency of highly stable aromatic compounds to resist hydrogenation, the potential coordinating (and the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycosyl iodides were first introduced for use in glycosylation reactions in 1901 by Koenigs and Knorr although were often considered too reactive for synthetic use. Recently several research groups have shown these donors to have unique reactive properties and can differ from other glycosyl chlorides or bromides with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In cardiovascular physiology, the diagram is often applied to the left ventricle, and it can be mapped to specific events of the cardiac cycle. PV loop studies are widely used in basic research and preclinical testing, to characterize the intact heart's performance under various situations (effect of drugs, disease, ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to a laboratory procedure hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid can be prepared by treating hydroxylamine sulfate with fuming sulfuric acid (oleum). The industrial process is similar.
:(NHOH)SO + 2SO → 2HNOSOH + HSO
The sulfonation of hydroxylamine can also be effected with chlorosulfonic acid by a method first publi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A constant magnetic force is applied to unzip the DNA hairpin, and reducing the force allows the hairpin to rezip. Prior to performing the downstream applications several unzipping and rezipping cycles are performed. While the magnetic force required to unzip and rezip may vary depending on the DNA sequence and hairp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease that can be hereditary or the result of environmental stimuli. Minigenes are used to help oncologists understand the roles pre-mRNA splicing plays in different cancer types. Of particular interest are cancer specific genetic mutations that disrupt normal splicing events, inc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flanges in the rest of the world are manufactured according to the ISO standards for materials, pressure ratings, etc. to which local standards including DIN, BS, and others, have been aligned. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In polymers the glass transition temperature, T, is often expressed as the temperature at which the Gibbs free energy is such that the activation energy for the cooperative movement of 50 or so elements of the polymer is exceeded . This allows molecular chains to slide past each other when a force is applied. From this... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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The P promoter allows for tight regulation and control of a target gene in vivo. As explained above, P is regulated by the addition and absence of arabinose. As tested, the promoter can be further repressed with reduced levels of cAMP through the addition of glucose. Plasmid vectors have been constructed and te... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The eggs are retrieved from the patient using a transvaginal technique called transvaginal oocyte retrieval, involving an ultrasound-guided needle piercing the vaginal wall to reach the ovaries. Through this needle follicles can be aspirated, and the follicular fluid is passed to an embryologist to identify ova. It is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Boyles law states that at constant temperature' the volume of a given mass of a dry gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
Most gases behave like ideal gases at moderate pressures and temperatures. The technology of the 17th century could not produce very high pressures or very low temperatures. Hence, the law ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Joback method is an extension of the Lydersen method and uses very similar groups, formulas, and parameters for the three properties the Lydersen already supported (critical temperature, critical pressure, critical volume).
Joback extended the range of supported properties, created new parameters and modified slig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Normal metabolism of nucleotide sugars is very important. Any malfunction in any contributing enzyme will lead to a certain disease for example:
#Inclusion body myopathy: is a congenital disease resulted from altered function of UDP-GlcNAc epimerase .
#Macular corneal dystrophy: is a congenital disease resulted from m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are three main metals used as galvanic anodes: magnesium, aluminum and zinc. They are all available as blocks, rods, plates or extruded ribbon. Each material has advantages and disadvantages.
Magnesium has the most negative electropotential of the three (see galvanic series) and is more suitable for areas where t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The lifetime of excited states results in natural broadening, also known as lifetime broadening. The uncertainty principle relates the lifetime of an excited state (due to spontaneous radiative decay or the Auger process) with the uncertainty of its energy.
Some authors use the term "radiative broadening" to refer spe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Sleeves must be sized such as to adequately allow the passage of the intended penetrant(s) plus enough room to permit the practical installation and mounting of the penetrants as well as adequate room for firestops. A general practice is to size the sleeve two NPS (pipe sizes) up from the diameter of the penetrant. F... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The insertion of carbon monoxide and alkenes into metal-carbon bonds is a widely exploited reaction with major industrial applications.
Such reactions are subject to the usual parameters that affect other reactions in coordination chemistry, but steric effects are especially important in determining the stereochemistry... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, aldol reactions are acid- or base-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones.
Aldol addition or aldolization refers to the addition of an enolate or enolation as a nucleophile to a carbonyl moiety as an electrophile. This produces a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone. In an aldol condensation, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Humans can affect the production of humic substances via a variety of ways: by making use of natural processes by composting lignin or adding biochar (see soil rehabilitation), or by industrial synthesis of artificial humic substances from organic feedstocks directly. These artificial substances may be similarly divide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released after splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphospha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chayen earned her first degree in pharmacy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. During her undergraduate studies, she visited the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology to learn histochemistry. She subsequently pursued MSc and PhD research at the Kennedy Institute. In 1983, Chayen submitted her thesis on stimulus-response... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The synapse contains at least two clusters of synaptic vesicles, the readily releasable pool and the reserve pool. The readily releasable pool is located within the active zone and connected directly to the presynaptic membrane while the reserve pool is clustered by cytoskeletal and is not directly connected to the ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Clausius–Clapeyron relation leads to another equation also attributed to Kelvin, as the Kelvin equation. It explains why, because of surface tension, the vapor pressure for small droplets of liquid in suspension is greater than standard vapor pressure of that same liquid when the interface is flat. That is to say t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aside from its synthetic versatility (see above), sulfolene is used as an additive in electrochemical fluorination. It can increase the yield of perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride by about 70%. It is "highly soluble in anhydrous HF and increases the conductivity of the electrolyte solution". In this application, it under... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A protein phosphatase is a phosphatase enzyme that removes a phosphate group from the phosphorylated amino acid residue of its substrate protein. Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being phosphorylated at any... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rasaratna Samuccaya ( Devanagari: रसरत्न समुच्चय) is an Indian Sanskrit treatise on alchemy. The text is dated between 13th to 16th century CE.
The text contains detailed descriptions of various complex metallurgical processes, as well as descriptions of how to set up and equip a laboratory and other topics concerning ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Johann Moriaen (born Nuremberg c.1591-1668) was a German alchemist and early chemist, known as an associate of Samuel Hartlib. He was active in recruiting for Hartlib's network of intellectuals, the Hartlib Circle, and communicating with them. He was a convinced pansophist.
With no published works, his activities have ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Potassium ion channels play a key role in maintaining the membrane's electric potential. These ion channels are present in many various biological systems. They frequently play a role in regulation of cellular level processes, many of these processes including muscle relaxation, hypertension, insulin secretion etc. Som... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Knowledge of its value in agriculture is also ancient, but agricultural use only became widely possible when the use of coal made it cheap in the coalfields in the late 13th century, and an account of agricultural use was given in 1523. The earliest descriptions of lime kilns differ little from those used for small-sca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Under Marie Curies guidance at the Radium Institute, Perey learned how to isolate and purify radioactive elements, focusing on the chemical element actinium (discovered in Curies laboratory in 1899 by chemist André-Louis Debierne). Perey spent a decade sifting out actinium from all the other components of uranium ore, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most commonly the term is used for the piles of waste earth materials removed during an excavation process.
* In surface mining (commonly called strip mining) for coal or other underground deposits, earth materials removed to expose the targeted deposit are piled up alongside the excavation site (commonly a strip minin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the United States, the Clean Water Act requires all direct effluent discharges to surface waters to be regulated with permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Indirect dischargers–facilities which send their wastewater to municipal sewage treatment plants–may be subject to pretreatm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compared to both healthy volunteers and subjects with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, SPINA-GD is reduced in subacute thyroiditis. In this condition, it has a higher specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio than serum concentrations of thyrotropin, free T4 or free T3. These measures of diagnostic utilit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbon tetraiodide is slightly reactive towards water, giving iodoform and I. It is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. It decomposes thermally and photochemically to , CI. Its synthesis entails AlCl-catalyzed halide exchange, which is conducted at room temperature:
The product crystallizes from the reaction soluti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1940, Melhase was an undergraduate in the college of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. She was president of the Student Affiliates of the American Chemical Society and was considering doctoral studies and a career in chemistry. Honors students typically took on research projects at the time, and s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vancomycin is a branched tricyclic glycosylated nonribosomal peptide produced by the Actinomycetota species Amycolatopsis orientalis (formerly designated Nocardia orientalis).
Vancomycin exhibits atropisomerism—it has multiple chemically distinct rotamers owing to the rotational restriction of some of the bonds. The fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a support material to be ideal, it must be hydrophilic, inert towards enzymes, biocompatible, microbial attack and compression resistant, and must be affordable. Support materials can be organic or inorganic, synthetic or natural (depending on the composition), since they are biomaterial types at the end. There is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, superheating (sometimes referred to as boiling retardation, or boiling delay) is the phenomenon in which a liquid is heated to a temperature higher than its boiling point, without boiling. This is a so-called metastable state or metastate, where boiling might occur at any time, induced by external or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PHBV find its application in controlled release of drugs, medical implants and repairs, specialty packaging, orthopedic devices and manufacturing bottles for consumer goods. It is also biodegradable which can be used as an alternative to non biodegradable plastics | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cristina Nevado (born 1977) is a Spanish chemist who is a Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Zurich. Her research considers chemical synthesis and organometallic reactions. She received the 2021 Margaret Faul Women in Chemistry Award. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Huntingtons disease is characterized by cognitive impairments. There is increased expression of p75NTR in the hippocampus of Huntingtons disease patients (including mice models and humans). Over expression of p75NTR in mice causes cognitive impairments similar to Huntingtons disease. p75NTR is linked to reduced number... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*David R. Bundle, former postdoctoral fellow with Prof. Lemieux, currently professor of chemistry, the Raymond U. Lemieux Chair in Carbohydrate Chemistry, and a distinguished university professor at the University of Alberta, founder and former director of the Alberta Glycomics Centre (formerly known as Alberta Ingenui... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Similar to hydrogen bonds, a C–H···O interaction involves interactions of dipoles and therefore has directionality. The directionality of a C–H···O interaction is usually defined by the angle α between the С, Н and О atoms, and the distance d between the O and C atoms. In a С–Н···О interaction, the angle α is in the ra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
is shock-sensitive. Purer samples are more shock-sensitive than those contaminated with elemental sulfur. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Mattauch isobar rule, formulated by Josef Mattauch in 1934, states that if two adjacent elements on the periodic table have isotopes of the same mass number, one of these isotopes must be radioactive. Two nuclides that have the same mass number (isobars) can both be stable only if their atomic numbers differ by mor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1937, Hans Adolf Krebs, who discovered the citric acid cycle bearing his name, confirmed the anaerobic dismutation of pyruvic acid into lactic acid, acetic acid and CO by certain bacteria according to the global reaction:
The dismutation of pyruvic acid in other small organic molecules (ethanol + CO, or lactate and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded. The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located is called its locus. Each locus ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
# [http://www.uq.edu.au/gilbertgroup]
# Theory of unimolecular and recombination reactions. RG Gilbert, SC Smith. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications (1990)
# "Theory of thermal unimolecular reactions in the fall-off range. II. Weak collision rate constants". RG Gilbert, K Luther, J Troe, Ber Bunsenges Phys Ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
High amount of aerobic glycolysis (also known as the Warburg effect) distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells. The conversion of glucose to lactate rather than metabolizing it in the mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation, (which can also occur in hypoxic normal cells) persists in malignant tumor despite th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After the war, Birger Solberg resumed control, but the economics and equipment of the facility had become unfavorable. Feeling empathy for the former workers, he devised a new business plan based on collecting German plane wrecks and other debris in middle-Norway and re-melting them.
The facility was closed on December... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Molecules in distant astronomical regions can be identified based on their unique rotational transitions, of which the corresponding microwave frequencies are detectable by antennae on Earth. The presence of interstellar sulfur mononitride was first reported in 1975 by back to back letters published in the Astrophysica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once transferred to the nascent peptide chain, N-linked glycans, in general, undergo extensive processing reactions, whereby the three glucose residues are removed, as well as several mannose residues, depending on the N-linked glycan in question. The removal of the glucose residues is dependent on proper protein foldi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oftentimes, ELPs are not used in isolation, but are rather fused with other proteins to become functionally active. The structure of these other proteins will have a certain effect on transition temperature. It is important to be able to predict the transition temperature that these fusion proteins will have relative ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of emission and transmission tomography was introduced by David E. Kuhl, Luke Chapman and Roy Edwards in the late 1950s. Their work later led to the design and construction of several tomographic instruments at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1975 tomographic imaging techniques were further developed by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The general continuity equation, describing the conservation of mass, takes the form:where is the fluid density and is the divergence operator. Under the assumption of incompressible flow, with a constant control volume , this equation has the simple expression . However, it is possible that the cross-sectional area ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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