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Full genome sequencing provides information on a genome that is orders of magnitude larger than by DNA arrays, the previous leader in genotyping technology.
For humans, DNA arrays currently provide genotypic information on up to one million genetic variants, while full genome sequencing will provide information on all ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A common application is mixing nozzles for two-component adhesives (e.g., epoxy) and sealants (see Resin casting). Other applications include wastewater treatment and chemical processing. Static mixers can be used in the refinery and oil and gas markets as well, for example in bitumen processing or for desalting crude... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Irwin screen was as of 2010 in the pharmaceutical industry almost exclusively used with lab mice, whereas the FOB, or some modification thereof, was used with lab rats and other nonrodent species, such as rabbits, dogs, guinea pigs and nonhuman primates. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The use of anti-graffiti barrier coatings to protect graffiti-prone historic buildings, monuments, and other culturally-sensitive surfaces may seem to be an easy solution to a persistent problem. Research suggests that the application of such coatings can cause physical or aesthetic changes or otherwise damage historic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With the advent of stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry, isotopic signatures of materials find increasing use in forensics, distinguishing the origin of otherwise similar materials and tracking the materials to their common source. For example, the isotope signatures of plants can be to a degree influenced by the gro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrocolloids contain some type of gel-forming agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and gelatin. They are normally combined with some type of sealant, i.e. polyurethane to stick to the skin. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two regimes of stack effect can exist in buildings: normal and reverse. Normal stack effect occurs in buildings which are maintained at a higher temperature than the outdoor environment. Warm air within the building has a low density (or high specific volume) and exhibits a greater buoyancy force. Consequently, it rise... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Generally, the main process in a rotary vacuum drum filter is continuous filtration whereby solids are separated from liquids through a filter medium by a vacuum. The filter cloth is one of the most important components on a filter and is typically made of weaving polymer yarns. The best selection of cloth can increase... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thylakoid membranes contain integral membrane proteins which play an important role in light-harvesting and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane:
*Photosystems I and II
*Cytochrome b6f complex
*ATP synthase
Photosystem II is located mostly in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In this shuttle, the enzyme called cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1 or cGPD) converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (2) to glycerol 3-phosphate (1) by oxidizing one molecule of NADH to NAD as in the following reaction:
Glycerol-3-phosphate is converted back to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by an inner m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The conversion of ammonium to nitrate is performed primarily by soil-living bacteria and other nitrifying bacteria. In the primary stage of nitrification, the oxidation of ammonium () is performed by bacteria such as the Nitrosomonas species, which converts ammonia to nitrites (). Other bacterial species such as Nitrob... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Test samples are filtered through standard filter paper and then transferred to M-endo or LES Endo Agar mediums. Colonies appear pinkish-red with green metallic sheen after 22–24 hours of incubation. These colonies can be confirmed as coliforms if they are inoculated in lauryl tryptose (LST), produce gas, and then inoc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An example is the auxin mediated derepression of the auxin response factor family of transcription factors in plants. These auxin response factors are repressed by Aux/IAA repressors. In the presence of auxin, these Aux/AII proteins undergo ubiquitination and are then degraded. This derepresses the auxin response facto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil organic matter is the largest source of nutrients and energy in a soil. Its inputs strongly influence key soil factors such as types of biota, pH, and even soil order. Soil organic matter is often strategically applied by plant growers because of its ability to improve soil structure, supply nutrients, manage pH, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zerovalent iron (ZVI) is jargon that describes forms of iron metal that are proposed for used in Groundwater remediation.
ZVI operates by electron transfer from Fe toward some organochlorine compounds, a common class of pollutants. The remediation process is proposed to generate Fe and Cl and halide-free organic produ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The alloy has the highest magnetostriction of any alloy, up to 0.002 m/m at saturation; it expands and contracts in a magnetic field. Terfenol-D has a large magnetostriction force, high energy density, low sound velocity, and a low Youngs modulus. At its most pure form, it also has low ductility and a low fracture resi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Solids control : 40–80% reduction
* Pollution control : COD/BOD reduction – 40–90%
* Fecal coliforms control : 50–100% reduction
* Ecotoxicity : Nil
* Dissolved oxygen : Increased by 150% – 1200%
* Aquatic species :
** Increase in plants/plankton – 200%
** Increase in micro-invertebrates – 200%
Other than the changes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Chemists' Club of New York, 1974
* Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 1973
* Chemical Society of Japan, 2002
* Royal Society of Chemistry, UK, 1983
* Chairman Organic Division of the American Chemical Society, 1966–1967 | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NCOA6 has been shown to interact with:
* ASCL2 and
* Activating transcription factor 2,
* Androgen receptor,
* CREB-binding protein,
* DNA-PKcs,
* E2F1,
* EP300,
* Estrogen receptor alpha,
* Estrogen receptor beta,
* HBXIP,
* HIST2H3C,
* HSF1,
* Ku70,
* Ku80,
* Liver X receptor beta,
* MLL3,
* RBBP5,
*... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydroperoxides or peroxols are compounds of the form ROOH, where R stands for any group, typically organic, which contain the hydroperoxy functional group (). Hydroperoxide also refers to the hydroperoxide anion () and its salts, and the neutral hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH) consist of an unbond hydroperoxy group. When R... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is a hypothesis that states that TEs might provide a ready source of DNA that could be co-opted by the cell to help regulate gene expression. Research showed that many diverse modes of TEs co-evolution along with some transcription factors targeting TE-associated genomic elements and chromatin are evolving from T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Convection (or convective heat transfer) is the transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid. Although often discussed as a distinct method of heat transfer, convective heat transfer involves the combined processes of conduction (heat diffusion) and advection (heat transfer by bulk fluid flow... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For large wavelengths (small ), only the first term is relevant and one has gravity waves.
In this limit, the waves have a group velocity half the phase velocity: following a single wave's crest in a group one can see the wave appearing at the back of the group, growing and finally disappearing at the front of the grou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Upregulation refers to the increase in the number of receptor sites on the membrane. Estrogen upregulates FSH receptor sites. In turn, FSH stimulates granulosa cells to produce estrogens. This synergistic activity of estrogen and FSH allows for follicle growth and development in the ovary. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Perfluorinated oxaziridines are known to hydroxylate unactivated hydrocarbons with remarkable regio- and diastereospecificity. This is a highly coveted transformation, and similar reactivity and specificity is seldom rivaled, especially considering the nonmetallic nature of the oxidant. Perfluorinated oxaziridines show... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lightly crosslinked refers to the lightly woven polymer portion of the scavenger. This type of resin becomes swollen in a particular solvent, allowing an impurity to react with a specified functional group. In many times single solvents are not sufficient to expand the resin, in which case a second solvent must be adde... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
sAC activation by bicarbonate is necessary for motility and other aspects of capacitation in the spermatozoa of mammals. In human males, mutations in the ADCY10 gene that lead to the inactivation of sAC have been linked to cases of sterility. Due to this essential role in male fertility, sAC has been explored as a pote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Russell S. Drago was born November 5, 1928, in Montague, Massachusetts to Stephen R. Drago and Lillia Mary Margret (Pucci) Drago.
In 1950, Drago married Ruth Ann Burrill (January 29, 1929 – November 9, 2013). They remained married for 47 years until his death. They had four children, Patti Kouba (Drago), Steve, Paul, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In metal borides, the bonding of boron varies depending on the atomic ratio B/M. Diborides have B/M = 2, as in the well-known superconductor MgB; they crystallize in a hexagonal AlB-type layered structure. Hexaborides have B/M = 6 and form a three-dimensional boron framework based on a boron octahedron (Fig. 1a). Tetra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an alkali such as ammonia to aqueous solutions of lanthanum salts such as lanthanum nitrate. This produces a gel-like precipitate that can then be dried in air.
Alternatively, it can be produced by hydration reaction (addition of water) to lanthanum oxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In July 2007, officials of the People's Republic of China seized US-produced pork for containing ractopamine residues. Further shipments of Canadian ractopamine-fed pork were seized in September 2007.
In June 2019, customs inspectors in China detected ractopamine in a shipment of Canadian pork products destined for Chi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Similarly to drugs, manufacturers of medical devices in the United States are required to conduct clinical trials for premarket approval. Device trials may compare a new device to an established therapy, or may compare similar devices to each other. An example of the former in the field of vascular surgery is the Open ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A glide plane is a reflection in a plane, followed by a translation parallel with that plane. This is noted by , , or , depending on which axis the glide is along. There is also the glide, which is a glide along the half of a diagonal of a face, and the glide, which is a fourth of the way along either a face or spac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In mining, tailings or tails are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. Tailings are different from overburden, which is the waste rock or other material that overlies an ore or mineral body and is displaced during mining without be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kennedy J. P. Orton (1872 - 1930) was a British chemist. Initially he studied medicine at St. Thomas Hospital, but there he became interested in chemistry and moved to St. Johns College, Cambridge. He then obtained a Ph.D. summa cum laude in Heidelberg under Karl von Auwers, before working for a year with Sir William R... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A protein is predicted to be "druggable" if it is a member of a protein family for which other members of the family are known to be targeted by drugs (i.e., "guilt" by association). While this is a useful approximation of druggability, this definition has limitations for two main reasons: (1) it highlights only histor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Miura et al. reported the cross coupling of vinyl bromides with an alkenyl carboxylic acid using a palladium catalyst. Some of the conjugated dienes prepared were reported to exhibit solid state fluorescence. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Calcium (Ca) deficiency is a plant disorder that can be caused by insufficient level of biologically available calcium in the growing medium, but is more frequently a product of low transpiration of the whole plant or more commonly the affected tissue. Plants are susceptible to such localized calcium deficiencies in l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the pharmaceutical industry, ICP-MS is used for detecting inorganic impurities in pharmaceuticals and their ingredients. New and reduced maximum permitted exposure levels of heavy metals from dietary supplements, introduced in USP (United States Pharmacopeia) «〈232〉Elemental Impurities—Limits» and USP «〈232〉Elementa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. They convert chemical energy into mechanical work by the hydrolysis of ATP. Flagellar rotation, however, is powered by a proton pump. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
S. cerevisiae (yeast) can stably exist as either a diploid or a haploid. Both haploid and diploid yeast cells reproduce by mitosis, with daughter cells budding from mother cells. Haploid cells are capable of mating with other haploid cells of the opposite mating type (an a cell can only mate with an α cell, and vice ve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the physics of superfluidity, a boojum is a geometric pattern on the surface of one of the phases of superfluid helium-3, whose motion can result in the decay of a supercurrent. A boojum can result from a monopole singularity in the bulk of the liquid being drawn to, and then "pinned" on a surface. Although superf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) is an aqueous extract of motile blood cells (amebocytes) from the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. LAL reacts with bacterial endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are components of the bacterial capsule, the outermost membrane of cell envelope of gram-negative bac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A general sigmatropic rearrangement can be classified as order [i,j], meaning that a σ bond originally between atoms denoted 1 and 1, adjacent to one or more π systems, is shifted to between atoms i and j. Thus it migrates (i − 1), (j' − 1) atoms away from its original position.
A formal symmetry analysis via correlat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1988, climatologist Stephen Schneider organised a conference of the American Geophysical Union. The first Chapman Conference on Gaia, was held in San Diego, California on March 7, 1988.
During the "philosophical foundations" session of the conference, David Abram spoke on the influence of metaphor in science, and of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The young Rutherford made his grandmother a wooden potato masher, which was believed to have been made during the school holidays. It has been held in the collection of the Royal Society since 1888.
In 1900, Rutherford married Mary Georgina Newton (1876–1954), to whom he had become engaged before leaving New Zealand, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Liming is the application of calcium- (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime to soil. In acid soils, these materials react as a base and neutralize soil acidity. This often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the U.S. MTBE has been used in gasoline at low levels since 1979, replacing tetraethyllead (TEL) as an antiknock (octane rating) additive to prevent engine knocking. Oxygenates also help gasoline burn more completely, reducing tailpipe emissions. Oxygenates also dilute or displace gasoline components such as aromati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Exposure assessment is a branch of environmental science and occupational hygiene that focuses on the processes that take place at the interface between the environment containing the contaminant of interest and the organism being considered. These are the final steps in the path to release an environmental contaminan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hexafluoroethane is used as a versatile etchant in semiconductor manufacturing. It can be used for selective etching of metal silicides and oxides versus their metal substrates and also for etching of silicon dioxide over silicon. The primary aluminium and the semiconductor manufacturing industries are the major emitte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, annulation (; occasionally annelation) is a chemical reaction in which a new ring is constructed on a molecule.
Examples are the Robinson annulation, Danheiser annulation and certain cycloadditions. Annular molecules are constructed from side-on condensed cyclic segments, for example helicenes an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
List adapted from, Figure 1.
*Phylum Chlorobiota ("green sulfur bacteria"), in full. Example genera:
** Chlorobium
** Pelodictyon
** Prostecochloris
*Phylum Chloroflexota, class Chloroflexia ("green non-sulfur bacteria"), suborder Chloroflexineae, in full.
** Family Chloroflexineae. Example genera:
*** Chloroflexus
***... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AR3 is expressed by Halorubrum sodomense. The organism was first identified in the Dead Sea in 1980 and requires a higher concentration of Mg ions for growth than related halophiles. The aop3 gene was cloned by Ihara and colleagues at Nagoya University in 1999 and the protein was found to share 59% sequence identity wi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several research have used TERS to image single atoms and the internal structure of the molecules. In 2019, the Ara Apkarian group at the Center for Chemistry at the Space-Time Limit, University of California, Irvine imaged vibrational normal modes of single porphyrin molecules using TERS. TERS-based DNA sequencing has... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the complementary nature of base-pairing between nucleic acid polymers, a double-stranded DNA molecule will be composed of two strands with sequences that are reverse complements of each other. To help molecular biologists specifically identify each strand individually, the two strands are usually differenti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal acyls are often generated by the reaction of low-valent metal centers with acyl chlorides. Illustrative is the oxidative addition of acetyl chloride to Vaska's complex, converting square planar Ir(I) to octahedral Ir(III):
:IrCl(CO)(PPh) + CHCOCl → CHCOIrCl(CO)(PPh)
In rare cases, acyls can be produced from alde... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A variety of transformations have been developed to facilitate removal of the oxazolidinone auxiliary to generate different synthetically useful functional groups. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Denigés' reagent is used to detect isolefin or tertiary alcohols which can be easily dehydrated to form isoolefin in the presence of acid. Treatment of solutions containing either isolefin or tertiary alcohols with this reagent will result in the formation of a solid yellow or red precipitate. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sigma B was the first anti-sigma factor identified in a bacterium. It is found in Bacillus subtilis and other similar bacteria. Sigma B is a stress response factor that plays a role in survival and against destruction that could be caused by other organisms such as mammals. General stress responses that are controlled... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While cerium anomalies in coal are usually negative, they can rarely be positive as well. This can occur during volcanic eruptions when volcanic ash is weathered into mafic tuffs with positive Ce-anomalies. The Pavlovka deposit in Far East Russia has large positive Ce-anomalies in its Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide ores. Because c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since warming of Earth means less ice on the ground on average, it would cause lower albedo and more sunlight absorbed, hence further increasing Earth's temperature.
As a rough estimate, we note that the average temperature on most of Earth are between -20 and +30 Celsius degree, a good guess will be that 2% of its sur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A screw axis is a rotation about an axis, followed by a translation along the direction of the axis. These are noted by a number, n, to describe the degree of rotation, where the number is how many operations must be applied to complete a full rotation (e.g., 3 would mean a rotation one third of the way around the axi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diphenylchloroarsine (DA) is the organoarsenic compound with the formula (CH)AsCl. It is highly toxic and was once used in chemical warfare. It is also an intermediate in the preparation of other organoarsenic compounds. The molecule consists of a pyramidal As(III) center attached to two phenyl rings and one chloride. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The idea that there must be specific transport proteins associated with the uptake of monoamines and acetylcholine into vesicles developed due to the discovery of specific inhibitors which interfered with monoamine neurotransmission and also depleted monoamines in neuroendocrine tissues. VMAT1 and VMAT2 were first ide... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Creation of the oligonucleotides requires only two pieces of essential information: the primer sequences used and the location and details of any modifications made to the sequence. But there are several desirable pieces of data, including the identification number from the RTPrimerDB database, the sequences from the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protein-RNA interactions may prevent or stabilize the formation of an anti-terminator structure. .. karima eric discovery | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reactive nitrogen ("Nr"), also known as fixed nitrogen, refers to all forms of nitrogen present in the environment except for molecular nitrogen (). While nitrogen is an essential element for life on Earth, molecular nitrogen is comparatively unreactive, and must be converted to other chemical forms via nitrogen fixat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to the formation of the lactate shuttle hypothesis, lactate had long been considered a byproduct resulting from glucose breakdown through glycolysis in times of anaerobic metabolism. As a means of regenerating oxidized NAD, lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the cytosol, ox... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following is a list of consumer medicines that either contain pseudoephedrine or have switched to a less-regulated alternative such as phenylephrine.
*Actifed (made by GlaxoSmithKline) — contains 60 mg pseudoephedrine and 2.5 mg triprolidine in certain countries.
*Advil Cold & Sinus (made by Pfizer Canada Inc.) — c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dipole-dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between permanent dipoles in molecules. These interactions tend to align the molecules to increase attraction (reducing potential energy). Normally, dipoles are associated with electronegative atoms, including oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and fluorine.
For example,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The candidate division SR1 and gracilibacteria code (translation table 25) is used in two groups of (so far) uncultivated bacteria found in marine and fresh-water environments and in the intestines and oral cavities of mammals among others. The difference to the standard and the bacterial code is that UGA represents ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Yeast matches bacterial cells' cost-effectiveness, efficiency and technical feasibility. Moreover, yeast secretes soluble proteins and has the ability to perform post-translational modifications similar to mammalian cells.
Notably, yeast incorporates more mannose molecules during N-glycosylation when compared with othe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the late 1930s August Pfund used a triple-pass cell like the one shown above for atmospheric study. The cell, which became known as the Pfund cell, is constructed using two identical spherical mirrors, each having a hole carefully machined into its center. The separation distance between the mirrors is equal to the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Clumped isotopes analyses have traditionally been used in lieu of conventional δO analyses when the δO of seawater or source water is poorly constrained. While conventional δO analysis solves for temperature as a function of both carbonate and water δO, clumped isotope analyses can provide temperature estimates that a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In geology, silicification is a petrification process in which silica-rich fluids seep into the voids of Earth materials, e.g., rocks, wood, bones, shells, and replace the original materials with silica (SiO). Silica is a naturally existing and abundant compound found in organic and inorganic materials, including Earth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Smear layer refers to a layer of debris on the inorganic surface of substrate which comprises residual inorganic and organic components. This layer is produced whenever the tooth structure undergoes a preparation with a bur.
Smear layer will fill the orifices of the dentinal tubules, hence forming smear plugs. These sm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Darcy–Weisbach friction factor is 4 times larger than the Fanning friction factor , so attention must be paid to note which one of these is meant in any "friction factor" chart or equation being used. Of the two, the Darcy–Weisbach factor is more commonly used by civil and mechanical engineers, and the Fanning fa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Further shell closures beyond the main island of stability in the vicinity of Z = 112–114 may give rise to additional islands of stability. Although predictions for the location of the next magic numbers vary considerably, two significant islands are thought to exist around heavier doubly magic nuclei; the first near 1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although MRM has been used extensively in metabolomics and proteomics, its high sensitivity and linear response over a wide dynamic range make it especially suited for glycan biomarker research and discovery. MRM is performed on a triple quadrupole (QqQ) instrument, which is set to detect a predetermined precursor ion ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Titanium's propensity to form an oxide layer on its surface prevents corrosion of surfaces that are in contact with human tissues because the surface oxides minimize diffusion of metal ions from the bulk material to the surface. When titanium gains a coating to make it more bioactive, it can turn the already biocompati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Canada has the worlds largest deposit of natural bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands, and Canadian First Nations along the Athabasca River had long used it to waterproof their canoes. In 1719, a Cree named Wa-Pa-Su brought a sample for trade to Henry Kelsey of the Hudsons Bay Company, who was the first recorded European... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other uses include making custom-shaped apertures and blocks (for example, electron-beam cutouts and lung blocks) for medical radiation treatment, and making casts of keys that are hard to otherwise duplicate.
Like other fusible alloys, e.g. Roses metal, Woods metal can be used as a heat-transfer medium in hot baths. H... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Based on the standard polyvinyl chloride material, three other variants are in use.
One variant called OPVC, or PVCO, represents an important landmark in the history of plastic pipe technology. This molecular-oriented bi-axial high performance version combines higher strength with extra impact resistance.
A ductile var... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a transition metal boryl complex is a molecular species with a formally anionic boron center coordinated to a transition metal. They have the formula LM-BR or LM-(BRLB) (L = ligand, R = H, organic substituent, LB = Lewis base). One example is (CMe)Mn(CO)(BHPMe) (Me = methyl). Such compounds, especially t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As for ideal MHD, the plasma can be considered as tied to the magnetic field lines when certain conditions are fulfilled. One often says that the magnetic field lines are frozen into the plasma. The frozen-in conditions can be derived from Vlasov equation.
We introduce the scales , , and for time, distance and speed r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pairs of octahedra can be fused in a way that preserves the octahedral coordination geometry by replacing terminal ligands with bridging ligands. Two motifs for fusing octahedra are common: edge-sharing and face-sharing. Edge- and face-shared bioctahedra have the formulas [ML(μ-L)] and ML(μ-L), respectively. Polymeri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Around 1990, theoretical and experimental evidence has emerged that forces between charged particles suspended in dilute solutions of monovalent electrolytes might be attractive at larger distances. This evidence is in contradiction with the PB theory discussed above, which always predicts repulsive interactions in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the context of rainwater harvesting, a first flush diverter is a simple device that is designed to protect a storage cistern from contamination by first flush runoff. This leads to a higher quality of water captured, and less silting of the cistern over time in dusty areas. The diverted first flush water is used for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unlike the conduction equation (a finite element solution is used), a numerical solution for the convection–diffusion equation has to deal with the convection part of the governing equation in addition to diffusion. When the Péclet number (Pe) exceeds a critical value, the spurious oscillations result in space and this... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The idea of affinity is extremely old. Many attempts have been made at identifying its origins. The majority of such attempts, however, except in a general manner, end in futility since "affinities" lie at the basis of all magic, thereby pre-dating science. Physical chemistry, however, was one of the first branches o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Measuring the extent and kinetics of radioligand binding is important in determining information about binding sites of radioligands, and subsequent affinity to potential drugs. Three different binding assays are typically used for radioligand binding; these are saturation, competition, and kinetic binding. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Epideictic pheromones are different from territory pheromones, when it comes to insects. Fabre observed and noted how "females who lay their eggs in these fruits deposit these mysterious substances in the vicinity of their clutch to signal to other females of the same species they should clutch elsewhere." It may be he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Particular attention must be paid to vias and contact holes. The current carrying capacity of a via is much less than a metallic wire of same length. Hence multiple vias are often used, whereby the geometry of the via array is very significant: multiple vias must be organized such that the resulting current is distribu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The stability of a supramolecular polymer can be described using the association constant, K. When K ≤ 10M, the polymeric aggregates are typically small in size and do not show any interesting properties and when K≥ 10 M, the supramolecular polymer behaves just like covalent polymers due to the lack of dynamics. So, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (PKM1/M2), also known as pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM), pyruvate kinase type K, cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein (CTHBP), thyroid hormone-binding protein 1 (THBP1), or opa-interacting protein 3 (OIP3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PKM2 gene.
PKM2 is an is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The photosynthesis process in chloroplasts begins when an electron of P680 of PSII attains a higher-energy level. This energy is used to reduce a chain of electron acceptors that have subsequently higher redox potentials. This chain of electron acceptors is known as an electron transport chain. When this chain reaches ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some cyanobacteria can produce neurotoxins, cytotoxins, endotoxins, and hepatotoxins (e.g., the microcystin-producing bacteria genus microcystis), which are collectively known as cyanotoxins.
Specific toxins include anatoxin-a, guanitoxin, aplysiatoxin, cyanopeptolin, cylindrospermopsin, domoic acid, nodularin R (from ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is an important tool for ecological evaluation of products or processes. LCA is an internationally accepted standard (ISO 14040 & ISO 14044) and scientific tool that is used to quantify the environmental performance attributable to the different life stages of our products, including upstream ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Ames process was used on August 3, 1942, by a group of chemists led by Frank Spedding and Harley Wilhelm at the Ames Laboratory as part of the Manhattan Project. It is a type of thermite-based purification, which was patented in 1895 by German chemist Hans Goldschmidt. Development of the Ames process came at a time... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A mass spectrometer is typically utilized in one of two ways: full scan or selective ion monitoring (SIM). The typical GC–MS instrument is capable of performing both functions either individually or concomitantly, depending on the setup of the particular instrument.
The primary goal of instrument analysis is to quanti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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