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Dosage quotient analysis is the usual method of interpreting MLPA data. If a and b are the signals from two amplicons in the patient sample, and A and B are the corresponding amplicons in the experimental control, then the dosage quotient DQ = (a/b) / (A/B). Although dosage quotients may be calculated for any pair of a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This annex contains a list of elements by atomic number, giving the names and standard symbols of the chemical elements from atomic number 1 (hydrogen, H) to 109 (unnilennium, Une).
The list given in ISO 31-8:1992 was quoted from the 1998 IUPAC "Green Book" Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry and adds i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From 1985 to 1988, Bols did PhD with Professor Inge Lundt at the Technical University of Denmark. From 1988 to 1989, he did a post doc with professor Walter Szarek at Queens University before joining Leo Pharmaceuticals in 1989. From 1991 to 1995, he was Ass. Prof. at DTU only interrupted by a visit in the last 6 month... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences, known as polymorphisms, populations, or species or to pinpoint the locations of genes within a sequence. The term may refer to a polymorphism itself, as detected through the differ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Realtime spectrum analyzers are able to produce much more information for users to examine the frequency spectrum in more detail. A normal swept spectrum analyzer would produce max peak, min peak displays for example but a realtime spectrum analyzer is able to plot all calculated FFT's over a given period of time with ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkaliphiles are a class of extremophilic microbes capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. These bacteria can be further categorized as obligate alkaliphiles (those that require high pH to survive), facultative alkaliphiles (those able to survive in high pH... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dilatancy in a colloid, or its ability to order in the presence of shear forces, is dependent on the ratio of interparticle forces. As long as interparticle forces such as Van der Waals forces dominate, the suspended particles remain in ordered layers. However, once shear forces dominate, particles enter a state of flo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymer solutions are used in producing fibers, films, glues, lacquers, paints, and other items made of polymer materials. Thin layers of polymer solution can be used to produce light-emitting devices. Guar polymer solution gels can be used in hydraulic fracturing ("fracking"). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A piece of alloy metal containing a precious metal may also have the weight of its precious component referred to as its "fine weight". For example, 1 troy ounce of 18 karat gold (which is 75% gold) may be said to have a fine weight of 0.75 troy ounces.
Most modern government-issued bullion coins specify their fine wei... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dyes and pigments are used in polymer materials to provide colour, however they can also effect the rate of photo-oxidation. Many absorb UV rays and in so doing protect the polymer, however absorption can cause the dyes to enter an excited state where they may attack the polymer or transfer energy to O to form damaging... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flucloxacillin is insensitive to beta-lactamase (also known as penicillinase) enzymes secreted by many penicillin-resistant bacteria. The presence of the isoxazolyl group on the side chain of the penicillin nucleus facilitates the β-lactamase resistance, since they are relatively intolerant of side chain steric hindran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This similarity between the Chézy and Manning formulas shown above also means that the standardized Manning coefficients may be used to estimate open channel flow velocity with the Chézy formula, by using them to calculate the Chézy's coefficient as shown below. Manning derived the following relationship between Mannin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The source of ADP-ribose for most enzymes that perform this modification is the redox cofactor NAD. In this transfer reaction, the N-glycosidic bond of NAD that bridges the ADP-ribose molecule and the nicotinamide group is cleaved, followed by nucleophilic attack by the target amino acid side chain. (ADP-ribosyl)transf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
GaN crystals can be grown from a molten Na/Ga melt held under 100 atmospheres of pressure of N at 750 °C. As Ga will not react with N below 1000 °C, the powder must be made from something more reactive, usually in one of the following ways:
: 2 Ga + 2 NH → 2 GaN + 3 H
: GaO + 2 NH → 2 GaN + 3 HO
Gallium nitride can als... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Karunadasa began her independent career at Stanford University in 2012. Her group synthesizes hybrid perovskite materials that combine small organic molecules with inorganic solids. Three-dimensional lead iodide perovskites are being investigated for solar cells, but they can be both unstable and toxic. For example, th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photochromic coordination complexes are relatively rare in comparison to the organic compounds listed above. There are two major classes of photochromic coordination compounds. Those based on sodium nitroprusside and the ruthenium sulfoxide compounds. The ruthenium sulfoxide complexes were created and developed by Rack... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A periodic or cyclic boundary condition arises from a different type of symmetry in a problem. If a component has a repeated pattern in flow distribution more than twice, thus violating the mirror image requirements required for symmetric boundary condition. A good example would be swept vane pump (Fig.), where the mar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ski boots use flanges at the toe or heel to connect to the binding of the ski. The size and shape for flanges on alpine skiing boots is standardized in ISO 5355. Traditional telemark and cross country boots use the 75 mm Nordic Norm, but the toe flange is informally known as the "duckbill". New cross country bindings ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A weld neck flange (also known as a high-hub flange and tapered hub flange) is a type of flange. There are two designs. The regular type is used with pipes. The long type is unsuitable for pipes and is used in process plant. A weld neck flange consists of a circular fitting with a protruding rim around the circumferen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the presence of excess arsenic, GaAs boules grow with crystallographic defects; specifically, arsenic antisite defects (an arsenic atom at a gallium atom site within the crystal lattice). The electronic properties of these defects (interacting with others) cause the Fermi level to be pinned to near the center of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Escitalopram increases intrasynaptic levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter into the presynaptic neuron. Over time, this leads to a downregulation of pre-synaptic 5-HT receptors, which is associated with an improvement in passive stress tolerance, and delayed downstrea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, bu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first transfer of an embryo from one human to another resulting in pregnancy was reported in July 1983 and subsequently led to the announcement of the first human birth 3 February 1984. This procedure was performed at the Harbor UCLA Medical Center under the direction of Dr. John Buster and the University of Calif... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ability of enhancers to activate imprinted genes is dependent on the presence of an insulator on the unmethylated allele between the two genes. An example of this is the Igf2-H19 imprinted locus. In this locus the CTCF protein regulates imprinted expression by binding to the unmethylated maternal imprinted control ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Starting with the above given equations of motion for a medium at rest:
Let us now take to all be small quantities.
In the case that we keep terms to first order, for the continuity equation, we have the term going to 0. This similarly applies for the density perturbation times the time derivative of the velocity. Mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal, among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and long-term hives of unclear cause. It is less sedating than older antihistamines. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, cough,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aside from the practical application of this reaction in medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis, recent work has also used the Tsuji–Trost reaction to detect palladium in various systems. This detection system is based on a non-fluorescent fluorescein-derived sensor (longer-wavelength sensors have also recen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* F. Hansgirg, "Thermal Reduction of Magnesium Compounds", Pt. 1, The Iron Age, Vol. 152, No. 21, pp.52–63, November 18, 1943.
*Fritz Hansgirg, "Koreas Industrial Development", originally appeared in Korea Economic Digest' (April 1945).
* Production of magnesium during carbothermal reduction of magnesium oxide by diff... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889.
Paschen studied the breakdown voltage ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrometallurgy is a technique within the field of extractive metallurgy, the obtaining of metals from their ores. Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrom... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In plants, ATP is synthesized in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The process is called photophosphorylation. The "machinery" is similar to that in mitochondria except that light energy is used to pump protons across a membrane to produce a proton-motive force. ATP synthase then ensues exactly as in oxidative... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
E74-like factor 1 (ets domain transcription factor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELF1 gene. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A receptor agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor with the end result of directly inducing a conformational change in the bound receptor and activating a downstream effect. Some common examples are opium derivates, such as heroin and Toll-like receptor agonists. Heroin functions in this manner, along with other... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PPIs can be divided into two groups based on their basic structure. Although all members have a substituted pyridine part, one group has linked to various benzimidazoles, whereas the other has linked to a substituted imidazopyridine. All marketed PPIs (omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole) are in the benzimidazole gr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The total potential energy, , is the sum of the elastic strain energy, , stored in the deformed body and the potential energy, , associated to the applied forces:
This energy is at a stationary position when an infinitesimal variation from such position involves no change in energy:
The principle of minimum total poten... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acknowledging the mindset of budding engineers to assimilate concepts in a practical way, Chemfluence'14 was a platform for several Workshops such as
* Programmable Logic Controllers
* Industrial Safety & Risk Analysis
* Statistical Tools for Researchers & Engineers
* Instrumental Methods of Analysis
* Computational Fl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TMAO is an organic osmolyte that has the useful biological function of protecting proteins against denaturing stresses such as high concentration of urea. Various bacteria grow anaerobically using TMAO as an alternative electron transport chain, allowing for growth on non-fermentable carbon sources such as glycerol. Ba... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AuAl has low electrical conductivity and relatively low melting point. AuAl's formation at the joint causes increase of electrical resistance, which can lead to electrical failure. AuAl typically forms at 95% of Au and 5% of Al by mass, its melting point is about 575 °C, which is the lowest among the major gold-aluminu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have reached phy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rowley entered politics in 1981, where he unsuccessfully contested the Tobago West seat in the general election of that year. To date he has the distinction of being the only People's National Movement candidate to have contested a seat in a General Election in both Tobago and Trinidad. He first served in Parliament as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is an electrochromatography technique in which the liquid mobile phase is driven through a capillary containing the chromatographic stationary phase by electroosmosis. It is a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The capillaries is p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although menopause is a natural barrier to further conception, IVF has allowed people to be pregnant in their fifties and sixties. People whose uteruses have been appropriately prepared receive embryos that originated from an egg donor. Therefore, although they do not have a genetic link with the child, they have a phy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While repeatedly reversed loading commonly leads to localisation of dislocation glide, creating linear extrusions and intrusions on a free surface, similar features can arise even if there is no load reversal. These arise from dislocations gliding on a particular slip plane, in a particular slip direction (within a si... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vitamin D is carried via the blood to the liver, where it is converted into the prohormone calcifediol. Circulating calcifediol may then be converted into calcitriol the biologically active form of vitamin D in the kidneys.
Whether synthesized in the skin or ingested, vitamin D is hydroxylated in the liver at positio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium tris(carbonato)cobalt(III) is the inorganic compound with the formula NaCo(CO)•3HO. The salt contains an olive-green metastable cobalt(III) coordination complex. The salt, a homoleptic metal carbonato complex, is sometimes referred to as the “Field-Durrant precursor” and is prepared by the “Field-Durrant synt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anomers are diastereoisomers of glycosides, hemiacetals or related cyclic forms of sugars, or related molecules differing in configuration only at C-1. When the stereochemistry of the first carbon matches the stereochemistry of the last stereogenic center the sugar is the α-anomer when they are opposite the sugar is th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ferritin is present in every cell type. It serves to store iron in a non-toxic form, to deposit it in a safe form, and to transport it to areas where it is required. The function and structure of the expressed ferritin protein varies in different cell types. This is controlled primarily by the amount and stability of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PKM2 is a cytosolic enzyme that is associated with other glycolytic enzymes, i.e., hexokinase, glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglyceromutase, enolase, and lactate dehydrogenase within a so-called glycolytic enzyme complex.
However, PKM2 contains an inducible nuclear localization signal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Austrium is the name of a new chemical element proposed by Eduard Linnemann in 1886. As a chemist at the German University in Prague he experimented with the mineral orthite (from Arendal in Norway). In the course of his works over several years he detected spectral lines at 4165 and 4030 Angstrom, respectively, which ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brown spent 36 years in research before she switched over to education. From 1993 to 2002 she was a visiting professor at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, where she also helped recruit black students to enter STEM fields and worked on science education issues in the state. It was here that she also tutored midd... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Depending on whether the glycosidic bond lies "below" or "above" the plane of the cyclic sugar molecule, glycosides are classified as α-glycosides or β-glycosides. Some enzymes such as α-amylase can only hydrolyze α-linkages; others, such as emulsin, can only affect β-linkages.
There are four type of linkages present b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, Landau–Squire jet or Submerged Landau jet describes a round submerged jet issued from a point source of momentum into an infinite fluid medium of the same kind. This is an exact solution to the incompressible form of the Navier-Stokes equations, which was first discovered by Lev Landau in 1944 and la... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cells in tissues need to be able to sense and interpret changes in their environment. For example, cells must be able to detect when they are in physical contact with other cells in order to regulate their growth and avoid the generation of tumors (“carcinogenesis”). In order to do so, cells place receptor molecules on... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The separative work unit (SWU) is a measure of the amount of work done by the centrifuge and has units of mass (typically kilogram separative work unit). The work necessary to separate a mass of feed of assay into a mass of product assay , and tails of mass and assay is expressed in terms of the number of separat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two fundamental classifications of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are distinguished from eukaryotic cells by the absence of a cell nucleus or other membrane-bound organelle. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, making them the smallest form of life. Prokaryotic cells... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider the following acid–base reaction:
Acetic acid, , is an acid because it donates a proton to water () and becomes its conjugate base, the acetate ion (). is a base because it accepts a proton from and becomes its conjugate acid, the hydronium ion, ().
The reverse of an acid–base reaction is also an acid–base r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
:V09GA01 Technetium (Tc) sestamibi
:V09GA02 Technetium (Tc) tetrofosmin
:V09GA03 Technetium (Tc) teboroxime
:V09GA04 Technetium (Tc) human albumin
:V09GA05 Technetium (Tc) furifosmin
:V09GA06 Technetium (Tc) stannous agent labelled cells
:V09GA07 Technetium (Tc) apcitide | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Pho regulon is controlled by a two-component regulatory system composed of a histidine kinase sensor protein (PhoR) within the inner membrane and a transcriptional response regulator (PhoB/PhoR) on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. These proteins bind to upstream promoters in the pho regulon in order to induce ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Abouna showed that ammonia was released into the perfusate during 3 day kidney storage, and suggested that this might be toxic to the kidney cells unless removed by frequent replacement of the perfusate. Some support for the use of perfusate exchange during long perfusions was provided by Liu who used perfusate exchang... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to their high reactivity, most metals were not discovered until the 19th century. A method for extracting aluminium from bauxite was proposed by Humphry Davy in 1807, using an electric arc. Although his attempts were unsuccessful, by 1855 the first sales of pure aluminium reached the market. However, as extractive ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are two broad categories of screening techniques: ligand-based and structure-based. The remainder of this page will reflect Figure 1 Flow Chart of Virtual Screening. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Acid value
* Bromine number
* Epoxy value
* Hydroxyl value
* Iodine value
* Peroxide value
* Saponification value | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is very little known about the surface structures of transition metal oxides, but their bulk crystal structures are well researched. The approach to determine the surface structure is to assume the oxides are ideal crystal, where the bulk atomic arrangement is maintained up to and including the surface plane. The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 3rd group of anions consist of SO, PO and BO. They react neither with concentrated nor diluted HSO.
* Sulfates give a white precipitate of BaSO with BaCl which is insoluble in any acid or base.
* Phosphates give a yellow crystalline precipitate upon addition of HNO and ammonium molybdate and heating the solution.
*... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Villalobos was raised in Panama City. She received her BS in chemistry from the University of Panama, received her Ph.D. (1987) at the University of Kansas with Professor Lester A. Mitscher, and was a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellow at Yale University, working with Samuel J. Danishefsky. She joined P... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In many cases, nuclides along the drip lines are not contiguous, but rather are separated by so-called one-particle and two-particle drip lines. This is a consequence of even and odd nucleon numbers affecting binding energy, as nuclides with even numbers of nucleons generally have a higher binding energy, and hence gre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As soon as Columbus started his explorations of the Americas in the late 15th century, a European effort to find valuable medicinal plants among the flora of the New World to add to the medical canon got underway. Early New World medicines uncovered included guaiacum from the West Indies (for coughs, rheumatism and a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Euler equations written in terms of the Lamb vector is referred to as the Gromeka–Lamb equation, named after Ippolit S. Gromeka and Horace Lamb. This is given by | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Original ATM techniques involve rotating the sample at the focal point of a linearly polarized THz beam using a mechanically rotated sample mount. For this reason, the configuration is typically a far-field instrument in which a balanced detector (sensitive to infrared light) is placed a considerable distance from the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conditionally essential nutrients are certain organic molecules that can normally be synthesized by an organism, but under certain conditions in insufficient quantities. In humans, such conditions include premature birth, limited nutrient intake, rapid growth, and certain disease states. Inositol, taurine, arginine, gl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Assisted reproduction via MRT involves preimplantation genetic screening of the mother, preimplantation genetic diagnosis after the egg is fertilized, and in vitro fertilization. It has all the risks of those procedures.
In addition, both procedures used in MRT entail their own risks. On one level, the procedures physi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ova bank, or cryobank, or egg cell bank is a facility that collects and stores human ova, mainly from ova donors, primarily for the purpose of achieving pregnancies of either the donor, at a later time (i.e. to overcome issues of infertility), or through third party reproduction, notably by artificial insemination. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyanosulfidic chemistry has several limitations. While the products are all formed from the same starting materials, many of the reactions require the periodic delivery of new reagents which complicates the syntheses. The chemical synthesis is therefore not truly “one-pot” chemistry which would require all reactants to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An aluminum‐based metal-organic framework made from 2‐aminoterephthalate can be modified by incorporating Ni cations into the pores through coordination with the amino groups.Molybdenum disulfide | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Albert was deeply interested in astrology, as has been articulated by scholars such as Paola Zambelli and Scott Hendrix. Throughout the Middle Ages –and well into the early modern period– astrology was widely accepted by scientists and intellectuals who held the view that life on earth is effectively a microcosm within... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Previous work has shown that a worst-case exposure scenario can be limited to a specific set of conditions. Based on the advanced detection methods and pipeline shut-off SOP developed by TransCanada, the risk of a substantive or large release over a short period of time contaminating groundwater with benzene is unlikel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In its simplest form, an electrocoagulation reactor is made up of an electrolytic cell with one anode and one cathode. When connected to an external power source, the anode material will electrochemically corrode due to oxidation, while the cathode will be subjected to passivation.
An EC system essentially consists of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A thermogravitational cycle is a reversible thermodynamic cycle using the gravitational works of weight and buoyancy to respectively compress and expand a working fluid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Georg Brandt (June 26, 1694 – April 29, 1768) was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist who discovered cobalt c. 1735. He was the first person to discover a metal unknown in ancient times. He is also known for exposing fraudulent alchemists operating during his lifetime. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In case of gravity–capillary waves, where surface tension affects the waves, the dispersion relation becomes:
with σ the surface tension (in N/m).
For a water–air interface (with and ) the waves can be approximated as pure capillary waves – dominated by surface-tension effects – for wavelengths less than . For wavelen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In this field, whole genome sequencing represents a great set of improvements and challenges to be faced by the scientific community, as it makes it possible to analyze, quantify and characterize circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream. This serves as a basis for early cancer diagnosis, treatment selection and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transition metal porphyrin complexes are a family of coordination complexes of the conjugate base of porphyrins. Iron porphyrin complexes occur widely in Nature, which has stimulated extensive studies on related synthetic complexes. The metal-porphyrin interaction is a strong one such that metalloporphyrins are therm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1973, Sony introduced double-layer ferrichrome tapes having a five-micron ferric base coated with one micron of CrO pigment. The new cassettes were advertised as the best of both worlds — combining the good low-frequency MOL of microferric tapes with good high-frequency performance of chrome tapes. The novelty becam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two models describing of the distribution of the tracer compound between the two phases (the precipitate and the solution):
* Doerner-Hoskins law (logarithmic):
* Berthelot-Nernst law:
where:
: a and b are the initial concentrations of the tracer and carrier, respectively;
: a − x and b − y are the concentrat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Presumptive tests, in medical and forensic science, analyze a sample and establish one of the following:
#The sample is definitely not a certain substance.
#The sample probably is the substance.
For example, the Kastle–Meyer test will show either that a sample is not blood or that the sample is probably blood but may b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A breakthrough has been brought about in the last decades by the development of large scale synchrotron radiation facilities. Here, bunches of relativistic electrons kept in orbit inside a storage ring are accelerated through bending magnets or insertion devices like wigglers and undulators to produce a high brilliance... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first discussion of obtaining an image of a surface using atoms was by King and Bigas, who showed that an image of a surface can be obtained by heating a sample and monitoring the atoms that evaporate from the surface. King and Bigas suggest that it could be possible to form an image by scattering atoms from the su... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After graduating from the University of Cambridge, Dye worked for a short period as Junior Associate at Mitchell Madison Group from October 2000 until March 2001, before going back to the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, the University of Cambridge as a postdoctoral research associate also for a very sho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Type R (87%Pt/13%Rh–Pt, by weight) thermocouples are used 0 to 1600 °C. Type R Thermocouples are quite stable and capable of long operating life when used in clean, favorable conditions. When used above 1100 °C ( 2000 °F), these thermocouples must be protected from exposure to metallic and non-metallic vapors. Type R i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pseudoephedrine is a diastereomer of ephedrine and is readily reduced into methamphetamine or oxidized into methcathinone. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbohydrates arise by condensation of monosaccharides such as glucose. The polymers can be classified into oligosaccharides (up to 10 residues) and polysaccharides (up to about 50,000 residues). The backbone chain is characterized by an ether bond between individual monosaccharides. This bond is called the glycosidic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mars is fundamentally an igneous planet. Rocks on the surface and in the crust consist predominantly of minerals that crystallize from magma. Most of our current knowledge about the mineral composition of Mars comes from spectroscopic data from orbiting spacecraft, in situ analyses of rocks and soils from six landing s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hecht was born in Glogau, then in the German Empire (now Głogów in Poland), the son of Mandel Hecht and Mirel Mresse. The family migrated to the USA in 1898, settling in New York City. His studies and talents led to Columbia University making him professor of biophysics in 1928.
In June 1917 Hecht received his Ph.D. an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Sleeping Beauty transposon system (SBTS) is the first successful non-viral vector for incorporation of a gene cassette into a vertebrate genome. Up until the development of this system, the major problems with non-viral gene therapy have been the intracellular breakdown of the transgene due to it being recognized a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Project name: Shadow Wood Preserve Green Roof Demonstration
* Location: Ft. Myers, FL, USA
* Size: 2400 sq.ft.
Project name: Charles R. Perry Construction Yard, University of Florida
* Location: Gainesville, FL, USA
* Size: 2600 sq.ft.
Project name: Student Union Expansion at the University of Central Florida (UCF)
* L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By flowing through the aspirator, water will suck out the air contained in the vacuum flask and the Büchner flask. There is therefore a difference in pressure between the exterior and the interior of the flasks : the contents of the Büchner funnel are sucked towards the vacuum flask. The filter, which is placed at the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While chemosensors were first defined in the 1980s, the first example of such a fluorescent chemosensor can be documented to be that of Friedrich Goppelsroder, who in 1867, developed a method for the determination/sensing of aluminium ion, using fluorescent ligand/chelate. This and subsequent work by others, gave birth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These elements are bound by specific uncharged tRNAs and modulate the expression of corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase operons. High levels of uncharged tRNA promote the anti-terminator sequence leading to increased concentrations of charged tRNA. These are considered by some to be a separate family of riboswitche... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SDS is synthesized by treating lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide, oleum, or chlorosulfuric acid to produce hydrogen lauryl sulfate. Lauryl alcohol can be used in pure form or as a mixtures of fatty alcohols. When produced from these sources, "SDS" products are a mixture of various sodium alkyl sulfates with SDS being... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most confirmed function of plastid terminal oxidase in developed chloroplasts is its role in chlororespiration. In this process, NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH) reduces the quinone pool and the terminal oxidase oxidizes it, serving the same function as cytochrome c oxidase from mitochondrial electron transport. In Chlamy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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