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Very similar equations may be applied to the growth and melting of crystals in the confined geometry of porous systems. However the geometry term for the crystal-liquid interface may be different, and there may be additional surface energy terms to consider, which can be written as a wetting angle term . The angle is u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
cDNA is created from a mature mRNA from a eukaryotic cell with the use of reverse transcriptase. In eukaryotes, a poly-(A) tail (consisting of a long sequence of adenine nucleotides) distinguishes mRNA from tRNA and rRNA and can therefore be used as a primer site for reverse transcription. This has the problem that not... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (IAGC) was formally founded on 8 May 1967. Prior to that time the organization of international geochemical affairs was largely carried out through the Inorganic Chemistry section of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) starting i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conditional constants, also known as apparent constants, are concentration quotients which are not true equilibrium constants but can be derived from them. A very common instance is where pH is fixed at a particular value. For example, in the case of iron(III) interacting with EDTA, a conditional constant could be defi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In solid-state physics, an orientational glass is a molecular solid in which crystalline long-range order coexists with quenched disorder in some rotational degree of freedom.
An orientational glass is either obtained by quenching a plastic crystal, (e.g. cyclohexane, levoglucosan), or it is a mixed crystal in which po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pierre Curie's grandfather, Paul Curie (1799–1853), a doctor of medicine, was a committed Malthusian humanist and married Augustine Hofer, daughter of Jean Hofer and great-granddaughter of Jean-Henri Dollfus, great industrialists from Mulhouse in the second half of the 18th century and the first part of the 19th ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
[Co(NH)] is diamagnetic, with a low-spin 3d octahedral Co(III) center. The cation obeys the 18-electron rule and is considered to be a classic example of an exchange inert metal complex. As a manifestation of its inertness, [Co(NH)]Cl can be recrystallized unchanged from concentrated hydrochloric acid: the NH is so ti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbonato complexes are prepared by salt metathesis reactions using alkali metal carbonate salts as precursors. In some cases, bicarbonate intermediates are implicated since carbonate does not exist in appreciable concentrations near neutral pH. The other chief route to metal carbonato complexes involves addition of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cumulative or overall constant, given the symbol β, is the constant for the formation of a complex from reagents. For example, the cumulative constant for the formation of ML is given by
The stepwise constants, K and K refer to the formation of the complexes one step at a time.
It follows that
A cumulative constant c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Low-impact development (also referred to as green stormwater infrastructure) are systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes that result in the infiltration, evapotranspiration or use of stormwater in order to protect water quality and associated aquatic habitat. LID practices aim to preserve, restore and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mathematical treatments of absorption spectroscopy for scattering materials were originally largely borrowed from other fields. The most successful treatments use the concept of dividing a sample into layers, called plane parallel layers. They are generally those consistent with a two-flux or two-stream approximat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tubes are essential components in heat exchange systems to assist with cooling down motors and other instruments. Industrial applications use pressure-resistant tubes to safely contain gases and liquids under pressure without leading to air leakage or malfunction. Moreover, devices powered by ultrasound often employ sp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The growth rates of calthemite stalactite straws, stalagmites and flowstone etc., is very much dependent on the supply rate and continuity of the saturated leachate solution to the location of CaCO deposition. The concentration of atmospheric CO in contact with the leachate, also has a large influence on how quickly th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Potassium pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a red-orange solid that dissolves in water. The salt decomposes rapidly in air.
It is one of several polysulfide salts with the general formula , where M = Li, Na, K and n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The polysulfide salts of potassium and sodium are similar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Townsend avalanche discharges are fundamental to the operation of gaseous ionisation detectors such as the Geiger–Müller tube and the proportional counter in either detecting ionising radiation or measuring its energy. The incident radiation will ionise atoms or molecules in the gaseous medium to produce ion pairs, but... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sol-gel technique enables the production of LAGP particles at lower processing temperatures compared to sintering or glass crystallization. The typical precursor is a germanium organic compound, like germanium ethoxide , which is dissolved in an aqueous solution with stoichiometric amounts of the sources of lithium... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ion transport is accomplished by cyclical conformational changes of the enzyme between its two main reaction states, E1 and E2. The cytoplasmic-open E1 and luminal-open E2 states have high affinity for H and K. The expulsion of the proton at 160 mM (pH 0.8) concentration results from movement of lysine 791 into the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solar energy conversion describes technologies devoted to the transformation of solar energy to other (useful) forms of energy, including electricity, fuel, and heat. It covers light-harvesting technologies including traditional semiconductor photovoltaic devices (PVs), emerging photovoltaics, solar fuel generation via... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Arctic ocean covers an area of 14,056,000 square kilometers, and supports a diverse and important socioeconomic food web of organisms, despite its average water temperature being 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Over the last three decades, the Arctic Ocean has experienced drastic changes due to climate change. One of the ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This method is limited to the measurement of the oxygen consumption due only to carbonaceous oxidation. Ammonia oxidation is inhibited.
The sample is kept in a sealed container fitted with a pressure sensor. A substance that absorbs carbon dioxide (typically lithium hydroxide) is added in the container above the sample... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The flow due to the presence of a solid surface at in planar stagnation-point flow was described first by Karl Hiemenz in 1911, whose numerical computations for the solutions were improved later by Leslie Howarth. A familiar example where Hiemenz flow is applicable is the forward stagnation line that occurs in the flo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Apoptotic DNA fragmentation is a natural fragmentation that cells perform in apoptosis (programmed cell death). DNA fragmentation is a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. In dying cells, DNA is cleaved by an endonuclease that fragments the chromatin into nucleosomal units, which are multiples of about 180-bp oligomers a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The earliest habitation at the site dates back to the Chalcolithic period.
Arslantepe (VII) became important in this region in the Late Chalcolithic. A monumental area with a huge mudbrick building stood on top of a mound. This large building had wall decorations; its function is uncertain. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MIKE BASIN can be used for providing solutions and alternatives to water allocation and water shortage problems, improving and optimizing reservoir and hydropower operations, exploring conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water, evaluating and improving irrigation performance, solving multi-criteria optimization ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reductive elimination is often seen in higher oxidation states, and can involve a two-electron change at a single metal center (mononuclear) or a one-electron change at each of two metal centers (binuclear, dinuclear, or bimetallic).
For mononuclear reductive elimination, the oxidation state of the metal decreases by t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This is closer in spirit to the proof sketch given by Purcell. The key result is to show that a swimmer in a Stokes fluid does not depend on time. That is, a one cannot detect if a movie of a swimmer motion is slowed down, sped up, or reversed. The other results then are simple corollaries.
The stress tensor of the flu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ferrocene-containing dendrimers are dendrimers that contain ferrocene substituents. Some ferrocene-containing dendrimers feature ferrocene cores and others do not. All feature with peripheral ferrocene groups. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levofloxacin, sold under the brand name Levaquin among others, is an antibiotic medication. It is used to treat a number of bacterial infections including acute bacterial sinusitis, pneumonia, H. pylori (in combination with other medications), urinary tract infections, chronic prostatitis, and some types of gastroenter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A minigene is a minimal gene fragment that includes an exon and the control regions necessary for the gene to express itself in the same way as a wild type gene fragment. This is a minigene in its most basic sense. More complex minigenes can be constructed containing multiple exons and intron(s). Minigenes provide a va... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For heterogeneous surfaces (consisting of two or more different types of material), the contact angle of a drop of liquid at each point along the three phase contact line with a solid surface is a result of the surface tension of the surface at that point. For example, if the heterogeneous regions of the surface form v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The advances in bisulfite sequencing have led to the possibility of applying them at a genome-wide scale, where, previously, global measure of DNA methylation was feasible only using other techniques, such as Restriction landmark genomic scanning. The mapping of the human epigenome is seen by many scientists as the log... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Problems with mRNA stability have been identified in viral genomes, cancer cells, and various diseases. Research shows that many of these problems arise because of faulty ARE function. Some of these problems have been listed below:
* The c-fos gene produces a transcription factor that is activated in several cancers, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using ethenolysis, higher molecular weight internal alkenes can be converted to more valuable terminal alkenes. The Shell higher olefin process (SHOP process) uses ethenolysis on an industrial scale. The SHOP α-olefin mixtures are separated by distillation, the higher molecular weight fractions are isomerized by alkal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kacser and Burns introduced an additional coefficient that described how a biochemical pathway would respond the external environment. They termed this coefficient the response coefficient and designated it using the symbol R. The response coefficient is an important metric because it can be used to assess how much a n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photosystem II is the photosystem that generates the two electrons that will eventually reduce NADP in ferredoxin-NADP-reductase. Photosystem II is present on the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis in green plants. The structure of Photosystem II is remarkably similar to the bacterial r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sandra Pizzarello's research over the last forty years involved the analysis of organic compounds in several carbonaceous chondrites, particularly molecular, chiral, and isotopic characterization of amino acids. Because the formation of these organic-rich meteorites pre-date the origin of life, they had been under inve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the jargon in polymer chemistry, telomerization requires a telogen to react with at least one unsaturated taxogen molecule. Fluorotelomers are an example. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A handful of studies utilized tissue engineering of heart valves in vivo in animal models and humans. In 2000, Matheny conducted a study in which he used a pig's small intestinal submucosa to replace one pulmonary valve leaflet. Limited studies have also been conducted in a clinical setting. For instance in 2001, Elkin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sealing is the final step in the anodizing process. Acidic anodizing solutions produce pores in the anodized coating. These pores can absorb dyes and retain lubricants but are also an avenue for corrosion. When lubrication properties are not critical, they are usually sealed after dyeing to increase corrosion resistanc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many alkoxides are prepared by salt-forming reactions from a metal chlorides and sodium alkoxide:
Such reactions are favored by the lattice energy of the NaCl, and purification of the product alkoxide is simplified by the fact that NaCl is insoluble in common organic solvents.
For electrophilic metal halides, conversio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Post-doctorate fellowship senior scholar Fulbright Fellowship (1985), where he was a visiting Fulbright fellow.
* Post-doctorate fellow Association of Commonwealth Universities (1984-1985), where he was a visiting Commonwealth fellow | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trans-spanning ligands are bidentate ligands that can span coordination positions on opposite sides of a coordination complex. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A kairomone is a semiochemical, emitted by an organism, which mediates interspecific interactions in a way that benefits an individual of another species which receives it, without benefitting the emitter. Two main ecological cues are provided by kairomones; they generally either indicate a food source for the receiver... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Indirectly, it has been deduced that the origin of KREEP is contained in the origin of the Moon. This is now commonly thought to be the result of a rocky object the size of Mars that struck the Earth about 4.5 billion (4.5×10) years ago. This collision threw a large amount of broken rock into orbit around the Earth. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Suzuki has not obtained a patent on Suzuki reaction technology because he thinks that the research was supported by government funds, therefore coupling technology has become widespread, and many products using this technology have been put into practical use. To date, there are more than 6,000 papers and patents relat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Colliding beam fusion (CBF), or colliding beam fusion reactor (CBFR), is a class of fusion power concepts that are based on two or more intersecting beams of fusion fuel ions that are independently accelerated to fusion energies using a variety of particle accelerator designs or other means. One of the beams may be rep... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RFLP stands for restriction fragment length polymorphism and, in terms of DNA analysis, describes a DNA testing method which utilizes restriction enzymes to "cut" the DNA at short and specific sequences throughout the sample. To start off processing in the laboratory, the sample has to first go through an extraction pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selenium is an essential micronutrient in mammals, but is also recognized as toxic in excess. Selenium exerts its biological functions through selenoproteins, which contain the amino acid selenocysteine. Twenty-five selenoproteins are encoded in the human genome. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe). In contrast, hydrophiles are attracted to water.
Hydrophobic molecules tend to be nonpolar and, thus, prefer other neutral molecules and nonpolar solvents. Because water molecules... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Deal–Grove model works very well for single-crystal silicon under most conditions. However, experimental data shows that very thin oxides (less than about 25 nanometres) grow much more quickly in than the model predicts. In silicon nanostructures (e.g., silicon nanowires) this rapid growth is generally followed b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the study of diffusion flame, Liñán's equation is a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation which describes the inner structure of the diffusion flame, first derived by Amable Liñán in 1974. The equation reads as
subjected to the boundary conditions
where is the reduced or rescaled Damköhler number an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As in the case of single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, the technique known as single channel recording can be used to obtain specific kinetic information—in this case about ion channel function—that is not available when ensemble recording, such as whole-cell recording, is performed. Specifically, ion channels a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a ring flip (also known as a ring inversion or ring reversal) is the interconversion of cyclic conformers that have equivalent ring shapes (e.g., from a chair conformer to another chair conformer) that results in the exchange of nonequivalent substituent positions. The overall process generally ta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the binding capabilities of antipsychotic drugs and various neurotransmitters associated with mood, the sigma-2 receptor is a viable target for therapies related to neuropsychiatric disorders and modulation of emotional response. It is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and sigma-2 r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Haber–Weiss reaction generates •OH (hydroxyl radicals) from HO (hydrogen peroxide) and superoxide (•O) catalyzed by iron ions. It was first proposed by Fritz Haber and his student Joseph Joshua Weiss in 1932.
This reaction has long been studied and revived in different contexts, including organic chemistry, free ra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Following transcription, Arc mRNA is transported out of the nucleus and localized to neuronal dendrites and activated synapses, a process dependent on the 3 UTR, polymerization of actin, and ERK phosphorylation. The mRNA (and aggregate protein) is carried along microtubules radiating out from the nucleus by kinesin (sp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic synthesis, aminochlorination is a reaction that installs both a chlorine atom and an amino (or amido) group to give an 2-aminoalkyl chloride. The reaction typically is effected by combining alkene substrates with chloramines. An alternative implementation involves Pd(II)-induced nucleophilic attack of the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The newly formed primordial germ cells (PGC) in the implanted embryo devolve from the somatic cells. At this point the PGCs have high levels of methylation. These cells migrate from the epiblast toward the gonadal ridge. As reviewed by Messerschmidt et al., the majority of PGCs are arrested in the G2 phase of the cell ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Attempting a separable solution of the form reduces the problem to
with boundary conditions
The solution is
Therefore, the velocity field is
Pressure can be obtained through integration of the momentum equation
which gives, | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A spinthariscope () is a device for observing individual nuclear disintegrations caused by the interaction of ionizing radiation with a phosphor (see radioluminescence) or scintillator. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of cold for pain relief and as an anti-inflammatory has been known since the time of Hippocrates (460–377 BC). Since then there have been numerous accounts of ice used for pain relief including from the Ancient Egyptians and Avicenna of Persia (982–1070 AD). In 1812 Napoleon's Surgeon General noted that half-fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Collision-induced absorption was first reported in compressed oxygen gas in 1949
by Harry Welsch and associates at frequencies of the fundamental band of the
O molecule. (Note that an unperturbed O molecule, like all other diatomic homonuclear molecules, is infrared inactive on account of the inversion symmetry and d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CPA-1 and CPA-2 (and, it is presumed, all other CPAs) employ a zinc ion within the protein for hydrolysis of the peptide bond at the C-terminal end of an amino acid residue. Loss of the zinc leads to loss of activity, which can be replaced easily by zinc, and also by some other divalent metals (cobalt, nickel). Carbox... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In cell biology, diffusion is a main form of transport for necessary materials such as amino acids within cells. Diffusion of solvents, such as water, through a semipermeable membrane is classified as osmosis.
Metabolism and respiration rely in part upon diffusion in addition to bulk or active processes. For example, i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Algae can be converted into various types of fuels, depending on the production technologies and the part of the cells used. The lipid, or oily part of the algae biomass can be extracted and converted into biodiesel through a process similar to that used for any other vegetable oil, or converted in a refinery into "dro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a dithiol is a type of organosulfur compound with two thiol () functional groups. Their properties are generally similar to those of monothiols in terms of solubility, odor, and volatility. They can be classified according to the relative location of the two thiol groups on the organic backbone. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Usually, a thin intermembrane space about 10–20 nanometers thick exists between the outer and inner chloroplast membranes.
Glaucophyte algal chloroplasts have a peptidoglycan layer between the chloroplast membranes. It corresponds to the peptidoglycan cell wall of their cyanobacterial ancestors, which is located betwee... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A different technique to simulate the metabolic network is to perform flux balance analysis. This method uses linear programming, but in contrast to elementary mode analysis and extreme pathways, only a single solution results in the end. Linear programming is usually used to obtain the maximum potential of the objecti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The high cost of radon remediation in the 1980s led to detractors arguing that the issue is a financial boondoggle reminiscent of the swine flu scare of 1976. They further argued that the results of mitigation are inconsistent with lowered cancer risk, especially when indoor radon levels are in the lower range of the a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An induction period in chemical kinetics is an initial slow stage of a chemical reaction; after the induction period, the reaction accelerates. Ignoring induction periods can lead to runaway reactions.
In some catalytic reactions, a pre-catalyst needs to undergo a transformation to form the active catalyst, before the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclic compounds can be partly or completely conjugated. Annulenes, completely conjugated monocyclic hydrocarbons, may be aromatic, nonaromatic or antiaromatic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To date, few in-depth studies on the in vivo behavior of PAMAM dendrimers have been carried out. This could be in part due to the diverse behavior of PAMAMs depending on surface modification (see below), which make characterization of their in vivo properties largely case-dependent. Nonetheless, the fate and transport ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biology, methylene blue is used as a dye for a number of different staining procedures, such as Wrights stain and Jenners stain. Since it is a temporary staining technique, methylene blue can also be used to examine RNA or DNA under the microscope or in a gel: as an example, a solution of methylene blue can be used ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many polymerization reactions are initiated by radicals. Polymerization involves an initial radical adding to non-radical (usually an alkene) to give new radicals. This process is the basis of the radical chain reaction. The art of polymerization entails the method by which the initiating radical is introduced. For exa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This modification involves the addition of a methyl group (-CH3) group to the 6th nitrogen on the adenine base in an mRNA molecule. This was among the first mRNA modifications to be discovered in 1974. This modification is common in viral mRNA transcripts and is found in nearly 25% of them. The distribution of the mod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
kT (also written as kT) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k), and the temperature, T. This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) uses forensic science for humanitarian purposes to clarify the fate of missing persons after armed conflict, disasters or migration, and is one of the services related to Restoring Family Links and Missing Persons. Knowing what has happened to a missing relative can o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Edman degradation, developed by Pehr Edman, is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide. In this method, the amino-terminal residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residues. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The main advantage is that the equation can be solved very efficiently with an iterative method that avoids the need of matrix factorization and consequently has a minimal requirement for storage; this makes it very attractive for low pressure networks with a large number of pipes.
* Fast convergence which is less se... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To find the solution to the linearized equation, a stream function was introduced by Lord Rayleigh for the perturbations of the flow velocity:
These new definitions of the stream function are used to rewrite the linearized barotropic vorticity equation.
Here, is the second derivative of with respect to . To solve th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An enzyme modulator is a type of drug which modulates enzymes. They include enzyme inhibitors and enzyme inducers. In an homogeneous assay, "an enzyme modulator ... is covalently linked to the ligand which competes with free ligand from the test sample for the available antibodies." | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mTORC2 signaling pathway is less defined than the mTORC1 signaling pathway. The functions of the components of the mTORC complexes have been studied using knockdowns and knockouts and were found to produce the following phenotypes:
* NIP7: Knockdown reduced mTORC2 activity that is indicated by decreased phosphoryl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The principle of detailed balance can be used in kinetic systems which are decomposed into elementary processes (collisions, or steps, or elementary reactions). It states that at equilibrium, each elementary process is in equilibrium with its reverse process. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide () from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration, petroleum refineries, cement and lime kilns. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In contrast to the paucity of evidence for , the corresponding arsenic ion, ortho-arsenite, is known. An example is AgAsO as well as the polymeric meta-arsenite . The iso-electronic sulfite ion, is known from its salts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Intrachromosomal homologous recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana plants was found to occur in all organs examined from the seed stage to the flowering stage of somatic plant development. Recombination frequencies were typically in the range of 10 to 10 events per genome. A. thaliana mutants selected for hypersensit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some people maintain that belief kills (e.g., voodoo death: Cannon in 1942 describes a number of instances from a variety of different cultures) and belief heals (e.g., faith healing). A self-willed death (due to voodoo hex, evil eye, pointing the bone procedure, etc.) is an extreme form of a culture-specific syndrome ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Caspases are an important group of proteases involved in apoptosis or programmed cell death. The precursors of caspase, procaspase, may be activated by proteolysis through its association with a protein complex that forms apoptosome, or by granzyme B, or via the death receptor pathways. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Minor losses in pipe flow are a major part in calculating the flow, pressure, or energy reduction in piping systems. Liquid moving through pipes carries momentum and energy due to the forces acting upon it such as pressure and gravity. Just as certain aspects of the system can increase the fluids energy, there are comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Decomposition products of dead plant materials form intimate associations with minerals, making it difficult to isolate and characterize soil organic constituents. 18th century soil chemists successfully used alkaline extraction to isolate a portion of the organic constituents in soil. This led to the theory that a hum... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ring A was synthesised starting from geraniol 1 and involved acylation (acetic anhydride, DMAP, EtN) to 2, epoxidation (N-bromosuccinimide, tBuOH/HO then triethylamine) to 3, radical cyclisation (titanocene dichloride, manganese, triethylborane, 2,6-lutidine) to 4, alcohol protection (ethyl vinyl ether, camphorsulfonic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As of 2022, the editorial committee consists of the two co-editors and the following members:
* Ravi S. Kane
* Linda J. Broadbelt
* Kookheon Char
* Wilfred Chen
* Lydia Contreras
* Christopher W. Jones
* Sanat K. Kumar
* Joseph B. Powell
* Irina Smirnova
* Levi T. Thompson | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Croccos theorem is an aerodynamic theorem relating the flow velocity, vorticity, and stagnation pressure (or entropy) of a potential flow. Croccos theorem gives the relation between the thermodynamics and fluid kinematics. The theorem was first enunciated by Alexander Friedmann for the particular case of a perfect gas ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Automaker Henry Ford began to test farm crops for their industrial potential around 1930, and soon settled on hemp and the soybean as particularly promising (the famous Hemp Body or Soybean Car). The Ford Motor Company used soybeans in such parts as gearshift knobs and horn buttons, and hemp for the body of the car. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*ALDOA
*B3GALT6 NM_080605
*B4GALT3 NM_003779 Homo sapiens UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3
*B4GALT5 NM_004776
*B4GALT7 NM_007255
*GSK3A
*GSK3B
*TPI1
*PGK1 Phosphoglycerate kinase
*PGAM5
*ENOPH1 Enolase phosphatase
*LDHA Lactate dehydrogenase
*TALDO1 Transaldolase in pentose shunt
*T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NHCs are widely used as ancillary ligand in organometallic chemistry. One practical application is the ruthenium-based Grubbs' catalyst and NHC-Palladium Complexes for cross-coupling reactions. NHC-metal complexes, specifically Ag(I)-NHC complexes have been widely tested for their biological applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If is such that and and , then we have a traveling-wave solution (with a constant speed ) given by
This solution describes the variation of pressure across a weak shock wave. When and to
with . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The eluent (mobile phase) should be the appropriate solvent to dissolve the polymer, should not interfere with the response of the polymer analyzed, and should wet the packing surface and make it inert to interactions with the polymers. The most common eluents for polymers that dissolve at room temperature GPC are tetr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For two-dimensional potential flow, the continuity equation and the Euler equations (in fact, the compressible Bernoulli's equation due to irrotationality) in Cartesian coordinates involving the variables fluid velocity , specific enthalpy and density are
with the equation of state acting as third equation. Here i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plasma level monitoring of vancomycin is necessary due to the drug's biexponential distribution, intermediate hydrophilicity, and potential for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, especially in populations with poor renal function and/or increased propensity to bacterial infection. Vancomycin activity is considered to be t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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