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Chakrabarti (1976) has identified six early iron-using centres in India: Baluchistan, the Northwest, the Indo-Gangetic divide and the upper Gangetic valley, eastern India, Malwa and Berar in central India and the megalithic south India. The central Indian region seems to be the earliest iron-using centre.
According to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Affinity purification of albumin and macroglobulin contamination is helpful in removing excess albumin and α-macroglobulin contamination, when performing mass spectrometry. In affinity purification of serum albumin, the stationary used for collecting or attracting serum proteins can be Cibacron Blue-Sepharose. Then the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The scope of organometallic reagents that may be aminated by electrophilic methods is large. Alkyl Grignard reagents, alkylithium compounds, alkylzinc compounds, and alkylcuprates have been aminated with electrophilic reagents successfully. Among sp-centered carbanions, vinyllithium compounds, vinylcuprates, and vinyl ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Generation I covers the commercially available mechanical systems associated with the fluid handling components. Generation I has adopted the ANSI/ISA SP76.00.2002 miniature, modular mechanical standard. This standard precisely defines inlet and outlet ports and overall dimensions which allow Lego-like interchangeabili... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Insertions are another common type of carbene reaction, a form of oxidative addition. Insertions may or may not occur in single step (see above). The end result is that the carbene interposes itself into an existing bond, preferably X–H (X not carbon), else C–H or (failing that) a C–C bond. Alkyl carbenes insert much ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first gamma ray source to be discovered was the radioactive decay process called gamma decay. In this type of decay, an excited nucleus emits a gamma ray almost immediately upon formation. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900, while studying radiation emitted from radium.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Poiseuille's law on blood circulation in the body is dependent on laminar flow. In turbulent flow the flow rate is proportional to the square root of the pressure gradient, as opposed to its direct proportionality to pressure gradient in laminar flow.
Using the definition of the Reynolds number we can see that a large ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Analysis of metabolic networks of proteins hearkens back to the 1940s, but it was not until the late 1990s and early 2000s that computational data-driven genomic analyses to predict functional context and networks of genetic associations appeared in earnest. Since then, the interactomes of many model organisms are cons... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to enhance DNA-RNA affinity, enzyme processivity, and thermostability, five amino acid substitutions were incorporated into the M-MLV reverse transcriptase. The mutant M-MLV RT was then incorporated into PE1 to give rise to (Cas9 (H840A)-M-MLV RT(D200N/L603W/T330P/T306K/W313F)). Efficiency improvement was obse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway in the marine microbial food web where dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation into bacterial biomass, and then coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton-zooplankton-nekton. The term microbial loop was coi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The binding process is reversible, indicating that the associate constant (k) is not far larger than disassociate constant (k). Combing the rate of the reaction, k, k, concentration, and time, the relation of the free guest molecule and time can be calculated. By calculating the integration of UV spectrum or NMR, the c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carcass weight predicts what an animal's total retail product will be compared to other animals of that breed. It does not however predict percent retail value, or the actual amount of sellable meat that can be produced from the carcass.
Fat thickness determined the expected external and seam fat the animal will contai... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The methanol economy is a suggested future economy in which methanol and dimethyl ether replace fossil fuels as a means of energy storage, ground transportation fuel, and raw material for synthetic hydrocarbons and their products. It offers an alternative to the proposed hydrogen economy or ethanol economy, although th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many experimenters tried to immobilize the electrolyte of an electrochemical cell to make it more convenient to use. The Zamboni pile of 1812 is a high-voltage dry battery but capable of delivering only minute currents. Various experiments were made with cellulose, sawdust, spun glass, asbestos fibers, and gelatine.
In... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Functional elements in intergenic regions will evolve slowly because their sequence is maintained by negative selection. In species with very large genomes, a large percentage of intergenic regions is probably junk DNA and it will evolve at the neutral rate of evolution. Junk DNA sequences are not maintained by purif... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microalgae do not settle by gravity, therefore expensive harvesting techniques must be applied. This is a major bottleneck of microalgal technology. Bioflocculation of microalgae and bacteria addresses this.
MaB-flocs or Microalgal Bacterial flocs settle by gravity, up to density of 20 g per liter. This is a major impr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Attenuators may be classified according to the type of molecule which induces the change in RNA structure. It is likely that transcription-attenuation mechanisms developed early, perhaps prior to the archaea/bacteria separation and have since evolved to use a number of different sensing molecules (the tryptophan biosyn... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation And Manipulation) is a C++ toolbox for the development of customized numerical solvers, and pre-/post-processing utilities for the solution of continuum mechanics problems, most prominently including computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
The OpenFOAM software is used in research organisatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One cannot assume that under all conditions the yield of strange quarks is in thermal equilibrium. In general, the quark-flavor composition of the plasma varies during its ultra short lifetime as new flavors of quarks such as strangeness are cooked up inside. The up and down quarks from which normal matter is made are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the aims of the Chemical Society was to hold meetings for "the communication and discussion of discoveries and observations, an account of which shall be published by the Society". In 1847, its importance was recognised by a Royal Charter, which added to its role in the advancement of science, the development of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Cyclopentadecanone (musk-ketone)
* Dihydrojasmone (fruity woody floral)
* Oct-1-en-3-one (blood, metallic, mushroom-like)
* 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (fresh bread, jasmine rice)
* 6-Acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine (fresh bread, tortillas, popcorn) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Passive daytime radiative cooling surfaces can be installed over the surface of a body of water for cooling. In a controlled study, a body of water was cooled 10.6ᵒC below the ambient temperature with the usage of a photonic radiator.
PDRC surfaces have been developed to cool ice and prevent ice from melting under sunl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The strength of a synapse has been defined by Bernard Katz as the product of (presynaptic) release probability pr, quantal size q (the postsynaptic response to the release of a single neurotransmitter vesicle, a quantum), and n, the number of release sites. "Unitary connection" usually refers to an unknown number of in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Isotope analysis is the determination of isotopic signature, the relative abundances of isotopes of a given element in a particular sample. Isotope analysis is frequently done by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. For biogenic substances in particular, significant variations of isotopes of C, N, and O can occur. Analys... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neurotrophin binding to p75NTR activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling pathway causing apoptosis of developing neurons. JNK, through a series of intermediates, activates p53 and p53 activates Bax which initiates apoptosis. TrkA can prevent p75NTR-mediated JNK pathway apoptosis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One proposed mechanism for Müllerian mimicry is the "two step hypothesis". This states that a large mutational leap initially establishes an approximate resemblance of the mimic to the model, both species already being aposematic. In a second step, smaller changes establish a closer resemblance. This is only likely to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reaction of carbon disulfide (CS) with electron deficient acetylene derivatives is proposed to give transient 1,3-dithiolium carbenes (i.e. where X = X = S), which then dimerise to give derivatives of tetrathiafulvene. Thus it is possible that the reverse of this process might be occurring in similar carbenes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This approach relies on observation and experimental data. It is specifically tailored to the geometrical shape of the vortex tube and the details of its flow and is designed to match the particular observables of the complex vortex tube flow, namely turbulence, acoustic phenomena, pressure fields, air velocities and m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The basic components needed for the exploding wire method are a thin conductive wire and a capacitor. The wire is typically gold, aluminum, iron or platinum, and is usually less than 0.5 mm in diameter. The capacitor has an energy consumption of about 25 kWh/kg and discharges a pulse of current density 10 - 10 A/mm, le... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brkić shows one approximation of the Colebrook equation based on the Lambert W-function
The equation was found to match the Colebrook–White equation within 3.15%. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It has been suggested that the size of an organism's interactome correlates better than genome size with the biological complexity of the organism. Although protein–protein interaction maps containing several thousand binary interactions are now available for several species, none of them is presently complete and the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ABO blood group system is determined by what type of glycosyltransferases are expressed in the body.
The ABO gene locus expressing the glycosyltransferases has three main allelic forms: A, B, and O. The A allele encodes 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that bonds α-N-acetylgalactosamine to D-galactose end of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The G protein-coupled receptors have seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Most of them are monomeric proteins, although GABA receptors require heterodimerization to function properly. The protein's N terminus is located on the extracellular side of the membrane and its C terminus is on the intracellular side.
The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The acidity of tellurols can be inferred by the acidity and dissociation constant of hydrogen telluride, , which has a (first) pK of 2.64 corresponding to a dissociation constant of 2.3 × 10. has a lower pK and higher dissociation constant than and . The pKa is 9.3 for vs 10.8 for .
The absence of hydrogen-bonding e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The NPIS operates a 24-hour telephone advice service and internet database TOXBASE ([http://www.toxbase.org www.toxbase.org] for registered healthcare departments only). TOXBASE is free for UK NHS departments, and available by subscription to departments outside the UK NHS. The TOXBASE app is also available for Apple a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A variety of parameters are considered when designing and conducting RNA-Seq experiments:
* Tissue specificity: Gene expression varies within and between tissues, and RNA-Seq measures this mix of cell types. This may make it difficult to isolate the biological mechanism of interest. Single cell sequencing can be used t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He left the semiconductor industry in 1972, and began a new career as an entrepreneur in data security and cryptography. In 1972, he founded Atalla Technovation, later called Atalla Corporation, which dealt with safety problems of banking and financial institutions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An element of a flowing liquid or gas will endure forces from the surrounding fluid, including viscous stress forces that cause it to gradually deform over time. These forces can be mathematically first order approximated by a viscous stress tensor, usually denoted by .
The deformation of a fluid element, relative to s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A static mixer is a device for the continuous mixing of fluid materials, without moving components. Normally the fluids to be mixed are liquid, but static mixers can also be used to mix gas streams, disperse gas into liquid or blend immiscible liquids. The energy needed for mixing comes from a loss in pressure as flui... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The total synthesis of several brevianamides have been reported, for brevianamide-B and for brevianamide-E. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radiation pressure is the force that electromagnetic radiation exerts on matter. In 1873 Maxwell published his treatise on electromagnetism in which he predicted radiation pressure. The force was experimentally demonstrated for the first time by Lebedev and reported at a conference in Paris in 1900, and later publish... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ecological engineering emerged as a new idea in the early 1960s, but its definition has taken several decades to refine. Its implementation is still undergoing adjustment, and its broader recognition as a new paradigm is relatively recent. Ecological engineering was introduced by Howard Odum and others as utilizing nat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prerequisite equipments for sand rammer may vary from case to case basis or testing scenario:<br />
Case 1: If the prepared sand is ready
* Tube filler accessory to fill sample tube with sand. Advantage is it lets the sand fill in from fixed distance and riddles it before filling.
<br />
Case 2: Experiment by preparing... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dose that would be lethal to 50% of a population is a common parameter used to compare the effects of various fallout types or circumstances. Usually, the term is defined for a specific time, and limited to studies of acute lethality. The common time periods used are 30 days or less for most small laboratory animal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Studies published in 2000 considered this hypothetical effect to be responsible for warming events in and at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Although periods of increased atmospheric methane match periods of continental-slope failure, later work found that the distinct deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) isotope ratio indica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like any other plasma protein, levels drop in patients with hepatic disease due to reduced synthesizing capabilities.
Mechanisms of low ceruloplasmin levels:
* Gene expression genetically low (aceruloplasminemia)
* Copper levels are low in general
** Malnutrition/trace metal deficiency in the food source
** Zinc toxici... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Typically the copper oxhide ingots are highly pure (approximately 99 weight percent copper) with trace element content of less than one weight percent. The few tin oxhide ingots that have been available to study are also exceptionally pure. Microscopic analysis of the Uluburun copper oxhide ingots reveals that they are... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Core-electron binding energy (CEBE) shifts correlate linearly with the Hammett substituent constants (σ) in substituted benzene derivatives.
Consider para-disubstituted benzene p-F-CH-Z, where Z is a substituent such as NH, NO, etc. The fluorine atom is para with respect to the substituent Z in the benzene ring. The im... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a facultative sexual yeast that can undergo mating when nutrients are limiting. Exposure of S. pombe to hydrogen peroxide, an agent that causes oxidative stress leading to oxidative DNA damage, strongly induces mating, meiosis, and formation of meiotic spores. This finding suggests that mei... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The MOT cloud is loaded from a background of thermal vapour, or from an atomic beam, usually slowed down to the capture velocity using a Zeeman slower. However, the trapping potential in a magneto-optical trap is small in comparison to thermal energies of atoms and most collisions between trapped atoms and the backgrou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Typical pharmacophore features include hydrophobic centroids, aromatic rings, hydrogen bond acceptors or donors, cations, and anions. These pharmacophore points may be located on the ligand itself or may be projected points presumed to be located in the receptor.
The features need to match different chemical groups wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Max Speter was born in Beszterce, Austria-Hungary (now Bistrița, Romania), the youngest of seven children, to his Jewish parents Johann Speter and Anna Dollberg. He grew up in Bistrița and graduated in 1900 from the city's German Gymnasium.
Speter began studying engineering at the Budapest University of Technology and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HPLC has many applications in both laboratory and clinical science. It is a common technique used in pharmaceutical development, as it is a dependable way to obtain and ensure product purity. While HPLC can produce extremely high quality (pure) products, it is not always the primary method used in the production of bu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The van der Waals forces arise from interaction between uncharged atoms or molecules, leading not only to such phenomena as the cohesion of condensed phases and physical absorption of gases, but also to a universal force of attraction between macroscopic bodies. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The existence of a special structure at the ends of chromosomes was independently proposed in 1938 by Hermann Joseph Muller, studying the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and in 1939 by Barbara McClintock, working with maize. Muller observed that the ends of irradiated fruit fly chromosomes did not present alteration... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transketolase activity is decreased in deficiency of thiamine, which in general is due to malnutrition. Several diseases are associated with thiamine deficiency, including beriberi, biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD), Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, and others (see thiamine for a comprehensive listin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyridine ring forms a hexagon. Slight variations of the and distances as well as the bond angles are observed. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TLC is a useful tool for reaction monitoring. For this, the plate normally contains a spot of starting material, a spot from the reaction mixture, and a co-spot (or cross-spot) containing both. The analysis will show if the starting material disappeared and if any new products appeared. This provides a quick and easy w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After receiving his Ph.D., Herman T. Briscoe was appointed assistant professor of chemistry at Indiana University, working his way to professor of chemistry in 1928. Throughout his career, Briscoe authored or coauthored 23 publications on conductivity, physical properties, and the reactions of organic and inorganic mol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Goldich dissolution series is a method of predicting the relative stability or weathering rate of common igneous minerals on the Earth's surface, with minerals that form at higher temperatures and pressures less stable on the surface than minerals that form at lower temperatures and pressures. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Peroxisomes are small (0.1–1 µm diameter) subcellular compartments (organelles) with a fine, granular matrix and surrounded by a single biomembrane which are located in the cytoplasm of a cell. Compartmentalization creates an optimized environment to promote various metabolic reactions within peroxisomes required to su... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the phenomenon of EDHF has been observed and reported in scientific literature, to date the chemical identity of the factor(s) has not been determined.
* In some cases, members of a class of arachidonic acid derivatives, the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), have been found to mediate the vasodilation. These... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Low shear strength has been the primary reason for limited range of applications. In the absence of external pressure the maximum shear strength is about 100 kPa. If the fluid is compressed in the magnetic field direction and the compressive stress is 2 MPa, the shear strength is raised to 1100 kPa. If the standard mag... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plasma transferred wire arc (PTWA) thermal spraying is a thermal spraying process that deposits a coating on the internal surface of a cylindrical surface, or external surface of any geometry. It is predominantly known for its use in coating the cylinder bores of an internal combustion engine, enabling the construction... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The lotus effect refers to self-cleaning properties that are a result of ultrahydrophobicity as exhibited by the leaves of Nelumbo, the lotus flower. Dirt particles are picked up by water droplets due to the micro- and nanoscopic architecture on the surface, which minimizes the droplets adhesion to that surface. Ultrah... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease involving progressive memory loss and other declines in brain function. One common cause of familial Alzheimer’s is mutation in the PSEN1 gene. This gene encodes a protein that cleaves certain intracellular peptides which, once free in the cytoplasm, promote CBP<nowiki/>degrad... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds can be treated as the main parent chain of the compound, in which case the positions of substituents are numbered around the ring structure. For example, the three isomers of xylene , commonly the ortho-, meta-, and para- forms, are 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and 1,4-d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [https://archive.org/details/essaysphysicala00lavogoog Essays Physical and Chemical] (London: for Joseph Johnson, 1776; London: Frank Cass and Company Ltd., 1970) translation by Thomas Henry of Opuscules physiques et chimiques
* The Art of Manufacturing Alkaline Salts and Potashes, Published by Order of His Most Chri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Constructed wetlands have been used extensively for the removal of dissolved metals and metalloids. Although these contaminants are prevalent in mine drainage, they are also found in stormwater, landfill leachate and other sources (e.g., leachate or FDG washwater at coal-fired power plants), for which treatment wetland... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Small molecules that are able to inhibit TGF-β induced EMT are under development. Silmitasertib (CX-4945) is a small molecule inhibitor of protein kinase CK2, which has been supported to be linked with TGF-β induced EMT, and is currently in clinical trials for cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer), as well as in precli... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining, the final material is usually identical chemically to the original one, only it is purer. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Cartesian coordinates the 2 basis vectors are represented by a cell tensor :
The area of the unit cell, , is given by the determinant of the cell matrix:
For the special case of a square or rectangular unit cell, the matrix is diagonal, and we have that: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dai has received several honors and awards, among them:
* 1985: Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation New Faculty Award
* 1988: Sloan Fellowship
* 1989: The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar Award
* 1990: Coblentz Award in Spectroscopy
* 1992: Fellowship of the American Physical Society
* 1994: Alexan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1. Comprehensive Conversion: The reactor converts all organic compounds to methane, whereas traditional methanizers typically only convert CO and CO2. This comprehensive conversion results in a more uniform response and more sensitive detection for a wider range of organic species.
2. Resilience to Poisoning: The react... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trail pheromones are semiochemicals secreted from the body of an individual to affect the behavior of another individual receiving it. Trail pheromones often serve as a multi purpose chemical secretion that leads members of its own species towards a food source, while representing a territorial mark in the form of an a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Its principal utility is that it provides simple predictions of phase equilibrium based on a single parameter that is readily obtained for most materials. These predictions are often useful for nonpolar and slightly polar (dipole moment < 2 debyes) systems without hydrogen bonding. It has found particular use in predic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Addition across the unsaturated carbon-carbon bond can be Markovnikov or anti-Markovnikov depending on the catalyst. When considering the possibly of R/S chirality, four products can be obtained: Markovnikov with R or S and anti-Markovnikov addition with R or S. Although there have been many reports of catalytic hydroa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non-explosive demolition agents are chemicals that are an alternative to explosives and gas pressure blasting products in demolition, mining, and quarrying. To use non-explosive demolition agents in demolition or quarrying, holes are drilled in the base rock as they would be for use with conventional explosives. A slur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* R. H. Perry, C. H. Chilton, C. W. Green (ed.), Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook (7th Ed), McGraw-Hill (1997), sections 12.56-12.60, 23.60, .
* K. E. Peray, The Rotary Cement Kiln, CHS Press (1998), .
* Boateng, Akwasi, Rotary kilns: transport phenomena and transport processes. Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier/Butterwort... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The van der Waals force between two molecules, in this context, is the sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between them; these forces are primarily electrostatic in nature, and in their simplest form might consist of a force between two charges, two dipoles, or between a charge and a dipole. Thus, the strength of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under homeostasis, the reactivity of heme is controlled by its insertion into the "heme pockets" of hemoproteins. Under oxidative stress however, some hemoproteins, e.g. hemoglobin, can release their heme prosthetic groups. The non-protein-bound (free) heme produced in this manner becomes highly cytotoxic, most probabl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Ellis R. Lippincott Award is awarded annually to recognize "an individual who has made significant contributions to vibrational spectroscopy as judged by his or her influence on other scientists."
It was jointly established in 1975 by The Optical Society, The Coblentz Society, and The Society for Applied Spectrosco... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A run-around coil is a type of energy recovery heat exchanger most often positioned within the supply and exhaust air streams of an air handling system, or in the exhaust gases of an industrial process, to recover the heat energy. Generally, it refers to any intermediate stream used to transfer heat between two streams... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inhalation of chloromethane gas produces central nervous system effects similar to alcohol intoxication. The TLV is 50 ppm and the MAC is the same. Prolonged exposure may have mutagenic effects. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In rat liver, the total amount of NAD and NADH is approximately 1 μmole per gram of wet weight, about 10 times the concentration of NADP and NADPH in the same cells. The actual concentration of NAD in cell cytosol is harder to measure, with recent estimates in animal cells ranging around 0.3 mM, and approximately 1.0 t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form. TDS are often measured in parts per million (ppm). TDS in water can be measured using a digital meter.
Generall... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In accordance with the terms of IOP purchase, Fulmer's capital investment in new facilities was expected to be financed from profit and Fulmer would make a modest annual contribution to IOP funds.
However, Fulmer's recent expansion and its large investment in capital equipment required increasing bank borrowing. Consid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dexketoprofen is the (S)-enantiomer of ketoprofen. Technically it is a chiral switch of (±)-ketoprofen. The switch was done for a faster onset of action, a better therapeutic value. Dexketoprofen consists of a propionic acid moiety connected to a benzophenone molecule by its second carbon. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With an active surface area of 160 cm, the nasal cavity is another noteworthy route of mucoadhesive administration. Due to the sweeping motion of the cilia that lines the mucosa, nasal mucus has a quick turnover of 10 to 15 minutes. Because of this, the nasal cavity is most suitable for rapid, local medicinal dosages. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
dNovo, a Silicon-valley based company, was founded in 2018 and participated in the Y Combinator accelerator. The company has demonstrated its technology by growing a patch of human hair on a mouse. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bird populations are one of many indicators of herbicide damage.Most observed effects are due not to toxicity, but to habitat changes and the decreases in abundance of species on which birds rely for food or shelter. Herbicide use in silviculture, used to favor certain types of growth following clearcutting, can cause... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Siderophores, natural or synthetic, can chelate metal ions other than iron ions. Examples include aluminium, gallium, chromium, copper, zinc, lead, manganese, cadmium, vanadium, zirconium, indium, plutonium, berkelium, californium, and uranium. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ammonia oxidation to nitrate in a single step within one organism was predicted in 2006 and discovered in 2015 in the species Nitrospira inopinata. A pure culture of the organism was obtained in 2017, representing a revolution in our understanding of the nitrification process. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Group 14 anions functionalized with organic groups: [GeMes], [Ge(CHCHCHNH)], [(CHCH)GeGe(CHCH)], [Ge(CHCHCHCH)Ge], [(CHCH)Ge(CH)Ge(CHCH)];
* Silated anions: GeHypTl, [GeHyp];
* Intermetalloid deltahedral clusters: [Co@Sn], [Ni@Pb], [Au@Pb], [Mn@Pb], [Rh@Sn];
* Exo coordinated transition metal complexes: [(ŋ-Sn)Hg(ŋ-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal conduction property of any gas under standard conditions of pressure and temperature is a fixed quantity. This property of a known reference gas or known reference gas mixtures can, therefore, be used for certain sensory applications, such as the thermal conductivity analyzer.
The working of this instrument is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Treatment decisions often follow formal or informal algorithmic guidelines. Treatment options can often be ranked or prioritized into lines of therapy: first-line therapy, second-line therapy, third-line therapy, and so on. First-line therapy (sometimes referred to as induction therapy, primary therapy, or front-line t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The FiSER (filament stretching extensional rheometer) is based on the works by Sridhar et al. and Anna et al. In this instrument, a set of linear motors drive a fluid filament apart at an exponentially increasing velocity while measuring force and diameter as a function of time and position. By deforming at an exponent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) is a coordination complex of ruthenium. It is a chocolate brown solid that is soluble in organic solvents such as benzene. The compound is used as a precursor to other complexes including those used in homogeneous catalysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radon concentration in the atmosphere is usually measured in becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m), which is an SI derived unit. As a frame of reference, typical domestic exposures are about 100 Bq/m indoors and 10–20 Bq/m outdoors. In the US, radon concentrations are often measured in picocuries per liter (pCi/L), with 1 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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