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Gaussian plume models can be used in several fluid dynamics scenarios to calculate concentration distribution of solutes, such as a smoke stack release or contaminant released in a river. Gaussian distributions are established by Fickian diffusion, and follow a Gaussian (bell-shaped) distribution. For calculating the e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the main sources of information about the Earths composition comes from understanding the relationship between peridotite and basalt melting. Peridotite makes up most of Earths mantle. Basalt, which is highly concentrated in the Earths oceanic crust, is formed when magma reaches the Earths surface and cools down... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2012 impact factor is 1.922, ranking it 12th out of 31 journals in the category "Medical Laboratory Technology". | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), diglycolamine (DGA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are widely used industrially for removing carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) from natural gas and refinery process streams. They may also be used to remove CO from combustion g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A reaction is said to be second order when the overall order is two. The rate of a second-order reaction may be proportional to one concentration squared, or (more commonly) to the product of two concentrations, As an example of the first type, the reaction is second-order in the reactant and zero order in the reac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
K2.3 channels play a major role in human physiology, particularly in smooth muscle relaxation. The expression level of K2.3 channels in the endothelium influences arterial tone by setting arterial smooth muscle membrane potential. The sustained activity of K2.3 channels induces a sustained hyperpolarisation of the endo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The production of butanol by biological means was first performed by Louis Pasteur in 1861. In 1905, Austrian biochemist Franz Schardinger found that acetone could similarly be produced. In 1910 Auguste Fernbach (1860–1939) developed a bacterial fermentation process using potato starch as a feedstock in the production ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zanamivir and Oseltamivir have been tested as hNEU inhibitors. Only Zanamivir shows moderate inhibition activity for hNEU. Isoenzyme selective inhibitors could potentially be very important. At present there are limited studies for the hNEU substrate specificity. DANA is a pan-selective inhibitor for all hNEU isoenzyme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Mg ion tends to bind only weakly to proteins (K ≤ 10) and this can be exploited by the cell to switch enzymatic activity on and off by changes in the local concentration of Mg. Although the concentration of free cytoplasmic Mg is on the order of 1 mmol/L, the total Mg content of animal cells is 30 mmol/L and in pla... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reflection point groups, defined by 1 to 3 mirror planes, can also be given by their Coxeter group and related polyhedra. The [3,3] group can be doubled, written as , mapping the first and last mirrors onto each other, doubling the symmetry to 48, and isomorphic to the [4,3] group. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Erosion corrosion is a form of corrosion damage usually on a metal surface caused by turbulence of a liquid or solid containing liquid and the metal surface. Aluminum can be particularly susceptible due to the fact that the aluminum oxide layer which affords corrosion protection to the underlying metal is eroded away. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nonribosomal peptides are synthesized by one or more specialized nonribosomal peptide-synthetase (NRPS) enzymes. The NRPS genes for a certain peptide are usually organized in one operon in bacteria and in gene clusters in eukaryotes. However the first fungal NRP to be found was ciclosporin. It is synthesized by a singl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The James Webb Space Telescope uses radiative cooling to reach its operation temperature of about 50 K. To do this, its large reflective sunshield blocks radiation from the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The telescope structure, kept permanently in shadow by the sunshield, then cools by radiation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The structure function, like the fragmentation function, is a probability density function in physics. It is somewhat analogous to the structure factor in solid-state physics, and the form factor (quantum field theory).
The nucleon (proton and neutron) electromagnetic form factors describe the spatial distributions of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hot water service piping can also be traced, so that a circulating system is not needed to provide hot water at outlets. The combination of trace heating and the correct thermal insulation for the operating ambient temperature maintains a thermal balance where the heat output from the trace heating matches the heat los... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ECS Meeting Abstracts contain extended abstracts of the technical papers presented at the ECS biannual meetings and ECS-sponsored meetings. This publication offers a first look into current research in the field. ECS Meeting Abstracts are freely available to all visitors to the ECS Digital Library. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Three major forms of hCG are produced by humans, with each having distinct physiological roles. These include regular hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, and the free beta-subunit of hCG. Degradation products of hCG have also been detected, including nicked hCG, hCG missing the C-terminal peptide from the beta-subunit, and fre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TNP-ATP should be stored at −20 degrees Celsius, in the dark, and used under minimal lighting conditions. When in solution, TNP-ATP has a shelf-life of about 30 days. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hägg studied chemistry at Stockholm University from 1922, was a Ramsay Fellow at the University of London in 1926, studying under Frederick G. Donnan. He obtained his PhD in Stockholm in 1929 under Arne Westgren for the work X-ray studies on the binary systems of iron with nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to its inherent microbial nature, nitrification in soils is greatly susceptible to soil conditions. In general, soil nitrification will proceed at optimal rates if the conditions for the microbial communities foster healthy microbial growth and activity. Soil conditions that have an effect on nitrification rates in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Analytical International Methods & Standards (AIMS) program focuses on capability gaps in laboratory testing, emerging microbial threats to food safety, and developing standards for using cutting-edge technologies. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The AMoN measures ambient ammonia gas concentrations over a two-week period via a Radiello®-passive sampler, which is a simple diffusive sampler that offers higher capacity and faster sampling rates than other devices. Therefore, AMoN can provide reliable data to aid in meeting air quality policies and administration n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, dynamic stereochemistry studies the effect of stereochemistry on the reaction rate of a chemical reaction. Stereochemistry is involved in:
* stereospecific reactions
* stereoselective or asymmetric reactions
* racemisation processes | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Baroclinic instability is a fluid dynamical instability of fundamental importance in the atmosphere and in the oceans. In the atmosphere it is the dominant mechanism shaping the cyclones and anticyclones that dominate weather in mid-latitudes. In the ocean it generates a field of mesoscale eddies (100 km or smaller) ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For low nuclearity clusters, bonding is often described as if it is localized. For this purpose, the 18-electron rule is used. Thus, 34 electrons in an organometallic complex predicts a dimetallic complex with a metal-metal bond. For higher nuclearity clusters, more elaborate rules are invoked including Jemmis mno rule... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rothalpy (or trothalpy) , a short name of rotational stagnation enthalpy, is a fluid mechanical property of importance in the study of flow within rotating systems. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wilson was born in Colonia Pacheco, Chihuahua (one of the Mormon colonies in Mexico). He did his undergraduate work at BYU in 1953 and then attended and graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a PhD in physical chemistry in 1957.
While at MIT he began his career by developing one of the first co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brownrigg returned to Britain and took up medicine with an established doctor called Richard Senhouse in Whitehaven. Senhouse died soon after, making Brownrigg the principal doctor in the area for many years to come. His casebook for 1737-1742 survives and was recently transcribed. It contains descriptions of his patie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Goldich dissolution series can be applied to Lithosequences, which are a way characterizing of a soil profile based on its parent material. Lithosequences include soils that have undergone relatively similar weathering conditions, so variations in composition are based on the relative weathering rates of parent min... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Frankland took the view that the valence (he used the term "atomicity") of an element was a single value that corresponded to the maximum value observed. The number of unused valencies on atoms of what are now called the p-block elements is generally even, and Frankland suggested that the unused valencies saturated one... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Lamprophyres and melilitic rocks
* Kimberlite
* Lamproite
* Orangeite (see Group II kimberlite)
* Feldspathoid-bearing rocks such as leucitites
* K-feldspar enriched leucogranites
* Vaugnerite and Durbachite | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polar liquids have a tendency to be more viscous than nonpolar liquids. For example, nonpolar hexane is much less viscous than polar water. However, molecule size is a much stronger factor on viscosity than polarity, where compounds with larger molecules are more viscous than compounds with smaller molecules. Thus, wat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Society for Applied Spectroscopy was selected by Kowalskis family to administer an award in Kowalskis name, the Bruce R. Kowalski Award in Chemometrics - Administered by the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, "to honor the legacy of Professor Kowalski by recognizing outstanding young researchers in the field of chem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of their high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability, variable manufacturing of pore sizes with a small pore size distribution and variety of surface modifications, a wide array of applications are possible. The fact that porous glasses can be produced in many different shapes is another advantage for appli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phenolphthalein has been used for over a century as a laxative, but is now being removed from over-the-counter laxatives over concerns of carcinogenicity. Laxative products formerly containing phenolphthalein have often been reformulated with alternative active ingredients: Feen-a-Mint switched to bisacodyl, and Ex-Lax... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reaction substrate has also been extended to allenes. In this specific ring expansion the AAA reaction is also accompanied by a Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the structure is not known, the average bond valence, S can be calculated from the atomic valence, V, if the coordination number, N, of the atom is known using Eq. 3.
: (Eq. 3)
If the coordination number is not known, a typical coordination number for the atom can be used instead. Some ato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The shape of a powder diffraction reflection is influenced by the characteristics of the beam, the experimental
arrangement, and the sample size and shape. In the case of monochromatic neutron sources the convolution
of the various effects has been found to result in a reflex almost exactly Gaussian in shape. If this
d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Binary subcomplexes in proteins database (BISC) is a protein–protein interaction database about binary subcomplexes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nowadays, most radical photopolymerization pathways are based on addition reactions of carbon double bonds in acrylates or methacrylates, and these pathways are widely employed in photolithography and stereolithography.
Before the free radical nature of certain polymerizations was determined, certain monomers were obse... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two compounds are said to be enantiomers if their molecules are mirror images of each other, that cannot be made to coincide only by rotations or translations – like a left hand and a right hand. The two shapes are said to be chiral.
A classical example is bromochlorofluoromethane (). The two enantiomers can be disting... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In condensed matter physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quantum spin liquids (QSL) are generally characterized by their long-range quantum entanglement, fractionalized excitations, and absence of ordinary magnetic order.
The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electron-deficient olefins, such as enones and acryl derivatives can be epoxidized using nucleophilic oxygen compounds such as peroxides. The reaction is a two-step mechanism. First the oxygen performs a nucleophilic conjugate addition to give a stabilized carbanion. This carbanion then attacks the same oxygen atom, di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is a technology for the biophysical analysis of interactions between biomolecules. Microscale thermophoresis is based on the detection of a temperature-induced change in fluorescence of a target as a function of the concentration of a non-fluorescent ligand. The observed change in fluore... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If , that is, a power law with , the streamlines (i.e. lines of constant ) are a system of straight lines parallel to the -axis. This is easiest to see by writing in terms of real and imaginary components:
thus giving and . This flow may be interpreted as uniform flow parallel to the -axis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Uranium tetrafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula UF. It is a green solid with an insignificant vapor pressure and low solubility in water. Uranium in its tetravalent (uranous) state is important in various technological processes. In the uranium refining industry it is known as green salt. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other common ylides include sulfonium ylides and sulfoxonium ylides; for instance, the Corey-Chaykovsky reagent used in the preparation of epoxides or in the Stevens rearrangement. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PA is kept low in the bulk of the membrane in order to transiently burst and signal locally in high concentration. For example TREK-1 channels are activated by local association with PLD and production of PA. The dissociation constant of PA for TREK-1 is approximately 10 micromolar. The relatively weak binding combined... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are variations on the standard genetic code, and alternative stop codons have been found in the mitochondrial genomes of vertebrates, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Thraustochytrium. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using , , (assuming body temperature) and the fact that one volt is equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge, the equation
can be reduced to
which is the Nernst equation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A silylium ion is a silicon cation with only three bonds and a positive charge. The abstraction of the silylium ion is seen from the ruthenium complex shown below.
In the first step of this mechanism one of the acetonitrile groups is replaced by a silicon molecule where the bond between the silicon and the hydrogen is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The GUS assay, as well as other reporter gene systems, can be used for other kinds of studies other than the classical promoter activity assay. Reporter systems have been used for the determination of the efficiency of gene delivery systems, the intracellular localization of a gene product, the detection of protein-pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Whilst the method of PDC electrolysis has been proven by Ghoroghichian and Bockris in 1952 and 1985 to work extremely well in theory, it is difficult to replicate with consistently positive results in practical experimentation. Hence, the many mechanisms that have been patented are unable to be repeated and used in ind... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The biochemistry of body odor pertains to the chemical compounds in the body responsible for body odor and their kinetics. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
# Prepare standard concentrations of protein of 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 µg/mL. Prepare a blank of NaCl only. Prepare a series of sample dilutions.
# Add 100 µL of each of the above to separate tubes (use microcentrifuge tubes) and add 1.0 mL of Coomassie Blue to each tube.
# Turn on and adjust a spectrophotometer to a wavelen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Before detonation, a few grams of tritium–deuterium gas are injected into the hollow "pit" of fissile plutonium or uranium. The early stages of the fission chain reaction supply enough heat and compression to start deuterium–tritium fusion; then both fission and fusion proceed in parallel, the fission assisting the fus... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another example is the combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids. Although NSAIDs and glucocorticoids have different mechanisms of action, the drugs are able to diminish the protective effect of gastric mucosa from gastric acid. As a result, the concomitant use of NSAIDs and gluc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Werner also described a second achiral hexol (a minor byproduct from the production of Fremy's salt) that he incorrectly identified as a linear tetramer. The second hexol is hexanuclear (contains six cobalt centres in each ion), not tetranuclear. Its point group is C, and its formula is , whereas that of hexol is . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Measuring contact angles for pendant drops is much more complicated than for sessile drops due to the inherent unstable nature of inverted drops. This complexity is further amplified when one attempts to incline the surface. Experimental apparatus to measure pendant drop contact angles on inclined substrates has been d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Concentration of in the blood and tissues is so low that they feel weak and are unable to think properly, a condition called hypoxia. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the muon-catalyzed fusion of most interest, a positively charged deuteron (d), a positively charged triton (t), and a muon essentially form a positively charged muonic molecular heavy hydrogen ion (d–μ–t). The muon, with a rest mass 207 times greater than the rest mass of an electron, is able to drag the more massiv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When there is no equilibrium between phases or chemical compounds, kinetic fractionation can occur. For example, at interfaces between liquid water and air, the forward reaction is enhanced if the humidity of the air is less than 100% or the water vapor is moved by a wind. Kinetic fractionation generally is enhanced co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Binary mixture VLE data at a certain overall pressure, such as 1 atm, showing mole fraction vapor and liquid concentrations when boiling at various temperatures can be shown as a two-dimensional graph called a boiling-point diagram. The mole fraction of component 1 in the mixture can be represented by the symbol . The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photocytes are found distributed unevenly near the plate cilia cells. Gastric cells form a barrier that keep the photocytes away from the opening of the radially canal which they are found to exist along. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unruh demonstrated theoretically that the notion of vacuum depends on the path of the observer through spacetime. From the viewpoint of the accelerating observer, the vacuum of the inertial observer will look like a state containing many particles in thermal equilibrium—a warm gas.
The Unruh effect would only appear to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When cumulative constants have been refined it is often useful to derive stepwise constants from them. The general procedure is to write down the defining expressions for all the constants involved and then to equate concentrations. For example, suppose that one wishes to derive the pKa for removing one proton from a t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a number of other fermentation pathways that occur in microbes. All these pathways begin by converting pyruvate, but their end products and the key enzymes they require are different.
These pathways include:
*Ethanol fermentation
*Lactic acid fermentation
*Propionic acid fermentation
*Butanol fermentation
*B... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanoscale particles are used in biomedical applications as drug carriers or imaging contrast agents in microscopy. Anisotropic nanoparticles are a good candidate in biomolecular detection. Moreover, nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery offer an unprecedented opportunity to overcome some drawbacks related to the deli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Barton decarboxylation is a radical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is converted to a thiohydroxamate ester (commonly referred to as a Barton ester). The product is then heated in the presence of a radical initiator and a suitable hydrogen donor to afford the decarboxylated product. This is an example of a red... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On the base of space measured distribution of magnetic field parameters (e.g. amplitude or direction), the magnetovision images may be generated. Such presentation of magnetic data is very useful for further analyse and data fusion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Traditionally, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are associated with the establishment of stable cell lines for biologics. Recently, however, attempts to engineer CHO cells for transient protein production have garnered recognition. CHO cells were among the earliest established cell lines for in vitro cultivation, and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Halohydrins may also be prepared from the reaction of an epoxide with a hydrohalic acid, or a metal halide.
This reaction is produced on an industrial scale for the production of chlorohydrin precursors to two important epoxides, epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide. At one time, 2-chloroethanol was produced on a large... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A widely studied class are photochromic compounds which are able to switch between electronic configurations when irradiated by light of a specific wavelength. Each state has a specific absorption maximum which can then be read out by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Members of this class include azobenzenes, diarylethenes, dithie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coordination cages are three-dimensional ordered structures in solution that act as hosts in host–guest chemistry. They are self-assembled in solution from organometallic precursors, and often rely solely on noncovalent interactions rather than covalent bonds. Coordinate bonds are useful in such supramolecular self-ass... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jin-Quan Yu () is a Chinese-born American chemist. He is the Frank and Bertha Hupp Professor of Chemistry at Scripps Research, where he also holds the Bristol Myers Squibb Endowed Chair in Chemistry. He is a 2016 recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship, and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Americ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In solid rocket propellants and some translucent smokeless powders, the primary method of heat transfer into the propellant grain from the combustion process is by radiation, and opacifiers such as "lamp black" may be added to the propellant mixture to ensure the heat does not penetrate far below the surface of the gra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A combustion train is an analytical tool for the determination of elemental composition of a chemical compound. With knowledge of elemental composition a chemical formula can be derived. The combustion train allows the determination of carbon and hydrogen in a succession of steps:
* combustion of the sample at high tem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ODS steels creep properties are dependent on the characteristics of the oxide particles in the metal matrix, specifically their ability to prevent dislocation motion as well as the size and distribution of the particles. Hoelzer and coworkers showed that an alloy containing a homogeneous dispersion of 1-5 nm YTiO nanoc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In all three spectroscopic methods, the sample usually needs to be present in solution, which may present problems during forensic examination because it necessarily involves sampling solid from the object to be examined.
In FTIR, three types of samples can be analyzed: solution (KBr), powder, or film. A solid film is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At present, single entity electrochemistry is not sensitive enough to quantify the turnover of a single enzyme. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
John Lilley states, "...neutron-induced fission generates extra neutrons which can induce further fissions in the next generation and so on in a chain reaction. The chain reaction is characterized by the neutron multiplication factor k, which is defined as the ratio of the number of neutrons in one generation to the nu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NFP is used in the development of a to scale, direct-write nanomanufacturing platform. The platform is capable of constructing complex, highly-functional nanoscale devices from a diverse suite of materials (e.g., nanoparticles, catalysts (increase rate of reaction), biomolecules, and chemical solutions). Demonstrated n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For molecules adsorbed on surfaces there have been various conventions proposed based on hypothetical standard states. For adsorption that occurs on specific sites (Langmuir adsorption isotherm) the most common standard state is a relative coverage of , as this choice results in a cancellation of the configurational en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chloroplasts develop from proplastids when seedlings emerge from the ground. Thylakoid formation requires light. In the plant embryo and in the absence of light, proplastids develop into etioplasts that contain semicrystalline membrane structures called prolamellar bodies. When exposed to light, these prolamellar bodie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cost of surfactants is partially dependent on the crude oil market. As a stock ingredient for production of surfactants, paints highly dependent on surfactants will be affected by this market. More intricate surfactants with larger, more difficult to synthesize structure are more expensive to produce and have a g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Edward Ambrose Martell (February 23, 1918 – July 12, 1995) was an American radiochemist for the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. He fought fervently throughout his life against the medical establishment and the National Institute of Health for what he perceived to be insufficient... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transmetalation (alt. spelling: transmetallation) is a type of organometallic reaction that involves the transfer of ligands from one metal to another. It has the general form:
:M–R + M–R′ → M–R′ + M–R
where R and R′ can be, but are not limited to, an alkyl, aryl, alkynyl, allyl, halogen, or pseudohalogen group. The re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Dylan M. Burns, " μίξεώς τινι τέχνῃ κρείττονι : Alchemical Metaphor in the Paraphrase of Shem (NHC VII,1) ", Aries 15 (2015), p. 79–106.
* Alberto Camplani, " Procedimenti magico-alchemici e discorso filosofico ermetico " in Giuliana Lanata (ed.), Il Tardoantico alle soglie del Duemila, ETS, 2000, p. 73–98.
* Alberto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tertiary alcohols react with strong acids to generate carbocations. The reaction is related to their dehydration, e.g. isobutylene from tert-butyl alcohol. A special kind of dehydration reaction involves triphenylmethanol and especially its amine-substituted derivatives. When treated with acid, these alcohols lose wate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A wider wire results in smaller current density and, hence, less likelihood of electromigration. Also, the metal grain size has influence; the smaller grains, the more grain boundaries and the higher likelihood of electromigration effects. However, if you reduce wire width to below the average grain size of the wire ma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kineticists have historically relied on linearization of rate data to extrapolate rate constants, perhaps best demonstrated by the widespread use of the standard Lineweaver–Burk linearization of the Michaelis–Menten equation. Linearization techniques were of particular importance before the advent of computing techniqu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) are a form of ion optics to which various radio frequency and dc electric potentials can be applied and used to enable a broad range of ion manipulations, such as separations based upon ion mobility spectrometry, reactions (unimolecular, ion-molecule, and ion-ion), and s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1931, Paul Kubelka (with Franz Munk) published "An article on the optics of paint", the contents of which has come to be known as the Kubelka-Munk theory. They used absorption and remission (or back-scatter) constants, noting (as translated by Stephen H. Westin) that "an infinitesimal layer of the coating absorbs a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The measurement of regional bone metabolism is critical to understand the pathophysiology of metabolic bone diseases.
* Bone biopsy is considered the gold standard to quantify bone turnover; however, it is invasive, complex and costly to perform and subject to significant measurement errors.
* Measurements of serum or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Beginning in 1670 and progressing over three decades, Isaac Newton developed and championed his corpuscular theory, arguing that the perfectly straight lines of reflection demonstrated lights particle nature, as at that time no wave theory demonstrated travel in straight lines. He explained refraction by positing that ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The enzymology of proteases provides some of the clearest known examples of convergent evolution. The same geometric arrangement of triad residues occurs in over 20 separate enzyme superfamilies. Each of these superfamilies is the result of convergent evolution for the same triad arrangement within a different structur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The eluate contains the analyte material that emerges from the chromatograph. It specifically includes both the analytes and coeluting solutes passing through the column, while the eluent is only the carrier. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Generally, Polymer-Protein hybrids can be synthesized by interfacial self-assembly of protein–polymer conjugates in emulsions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A supramolecular host could bind to a guest molecule in such a way that the guests labile group is positioned close to the reactive group of another reactive species. The proximity of the two groups enhances the probability that the reaction could occur and thus the reaction rate is increased. This concept is similar t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "siphon" is used for a number of structures in human and animal anatomy, either because flowing liquids are involved or because the structure is shaped like a siphon, but in which no actual siphon effect is occurring: see Siphon (disambiguation).
There has been a debate if whether the siphon mechanism plays a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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