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After finishing his Ph.D., Willard returned to Michigan to rejoin the faculty; he became a full professor in 1922 and retired from the university, assuming professor emeritus status, in 1951. He was designated the Henry Russel Lecturer in 1948, noted as the university's highest distinction. He was known for his strong ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Research carried out in 2008 in the Siberian Arctic showed methane releases on the annual scale of millions of tonnes, which was a substantial increase on the previous estimate of 0.5 millions of tonnes per year. apparently through perforations in the seabed permafrost, with concentrations in some regions reaching up ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Taylor–Goldstein equation is an ordinary differential equation used in the fields of geophysical fluid dynamics, and more generally in fluid dynamics, in presence of quasi-2D flows. It describes the dynamics of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, subject to buoyancy forces (e.g. gravity), for stably stratified fluids... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Devapamil in rats can be used to decrease glutathione levels and increase oxidation of lipids, which makes it effective in preclusion of ulcers caused by stress. The medical characteristics of this drug, and other phenylalkylamines, depends greatly on the state of the calcium channels being targeted which results in a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, subhalide usually refers to inorganic compounds that have a low ratio of halide to metal, made possible by metal–metal bonding (or element–element bonding for nonmetals), sometimes extensive. Many compounds meet this definition. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nucleic acids, so-called because of their prevalence in cellular nuclei, is the generic name of the family of biopolymers. They are complex, high-molecular-weight biochemical macromolecules that can convey genetic information in all living cells and viruses. The monomers are called nucleotides, and each consists of thr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since plasmas are very good electrical conductors, electric potentials play an important role. The average potential in the space between charged particles, independent of how it can be measured, is called the "plasma potential", or the "space potential". If an electrode is inserted into a plasma, its potential will ge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mitogens are important in cancer research due to their effects on the cell cycle. Cancer is in part defined by a lack of, or failure of, control in the cell cycle. This is usually a combination of two abnormalities: first, cancer cells lose their dependence on mitogens. Second, cancer cells are resistant to anti-mitoge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanoparticles have the ability to assemble chemically through covalent or noncovalent interactions with their capping ligand. The terminal functional group(s) on the particle are known as capping ligands. As these ligands tend to be complex and sophisticated, self-assembly can provide a simpler pathway for nanoparticle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Natural phenols are reactive species toward oxidation, notably the complex mixture of phenolics, found in food for example, can undergo autoxidation during the ageing process. Simple natural phenols can lead to the formation of B type proanthocyanidins in wines or in model solutions. This is correlated to the non-enzym... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A powerful solution is the multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method. In this technique, atoms inner electrons absorb X-rays of particular wavelengths, and reemit the X-rays after a delay, inducing a phase shift in all of the reflections, known as the anomalous dispersion effect'. Analysis of this phase shift ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrophilic amination reactions can be classified as either additions or substitutions. Although the resulting product is not always an amine, these reactions are unified by the formation of a carbon–nitrogen bond and the use of an electrophilic aminating agent. A wide variety of electrophiles have been used; for sub... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is a lack of scientific research regarding EWSS. Other issues that may affect the effectiveness of an EWSS:
* Sprinkler performance in high wind conditions typical in a bushfire
* Home design
** High vulnerability areas. e.g. decking
** Garden beds near walls
** Window sills
** Large windows (heat radiation)
** ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The important characteristic of these tests is that the strain rate is low, for example extension rates selected in the range from 10 to 10 s. The selection of the strain rate is very important because the susceptibility to cracking may not be evident from result of tests at too low or too high strain rate. For numerou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The calicheamicins are a sub-family of enediynes that were isolated from Micromonospora echinospora calichensis. All calicheamicin family members demonstrate potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Calicheamicin γ1 exhibited significant antitumor activity against leukemia and me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 2016 GIAN fellow (Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development)
* 2015 Catalysis Society of South Africa (CATSA eminent visitor)
* 2014 European Research Council Consolidator Grant
* 2013 Bessel Award (Humboldt Foundation)
* 2011 Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
* 2008 Visiting Professor (University of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Even though many studies conduct testing under experimental or enriched conditions, oxidation-reduction reactions occur naturally and allow for chemicals to go through processes such as biodegradation, outlined above. Oxidation is defined as the loss of an electron to another species, while reduction is the gaining of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crystallography is a technique that characterizes the chemical structure of materials at the atomic level by analyzing the diffraction patterns of electromagnetic radiation or particles that have been deflected by atoms in the material. X-rays are most commonly used. From the raw data, the relative placement of atoms i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Comparing the functions of the characterised Mg transport proteins is currently almost impossible, even though the proteins have been investigated in different biological systems using different methodologies and technologies. Finding a system where all the proteins can be compared directly would be a major advance. If... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polarization gradient cooling (PG cooling) is a technique in laser cooling of atoms. It was proposed to explain the experimental observation of cooling below the doppler limit. Shortly after the theory was introduced experiments were performed that verified the theoretical predictions. While Doppler cooling allows atom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chinese mythology generally reflects a time when metallurgy had long been practiced. According to the Romanian anthropologist, orientalist, and philosopher Mircea Eliade, the Iron Age produced a large number of rites, myths and symbols; the blacksmith was the main agent of diffusion of mythology, rites and metallurgica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Total synthesis of (+)-Absinthin was conducted in 2004 by Zhang, et al. The final yield reported for the synthesis was 18.6% over a course of 10 steps originating from Santonin (1), a commercially available reagent. The basis of the synthesis was the ring expansion of the original 6-membered carbon ring to the 7-member... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NBS will react with alkenes 1 in aqueous solvents to give bromohydrins 2. The preferred conditions are the portionwise addition of NBS to a solution of the alkene in 50% aqueous DMSO, DME, THF, or tert-butanol at 0 °C. Formation of a bromonium ion and immediate attack by water gives strong Markovnikov addition and anti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Orbifold notation for wallpaper groups, advocated by John Horton Conway (Conway, 1992) (Conway 2008), is based not on crystallography, but on topology. One can fold the infinite periodic tiling of the plane into its essence, an orbifold, then describe that with a few symbols.
*A digit, n, indicates a centre of n-fold r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The serendipitous discovery and subsequent clinical success of penicillin prompted a large-scale search for other environmental microorganisms that might produce anti-infective natural products. Soil and water samples were collected from all over the world, leading to the discovery of streptomycin (derived from Strept... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antimony-125 decays with a half life of over two years to which itself decays with a half life of almost two months via isomeric transition to the ground state. While its relatively short half life and the significant gamma emissions (144.77 keV) of its daughter nuclide make usage in an RTG less attractive, Sb-125 cou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Approximately 100 million years ago (mya), within the yeast lineage there was a whole genome duplication (WGD). A majority of Crabtree-positive yeasts are post-WGD yeasts. It was believed that the WGD was a mechanism for the development of the Crabtree effect in these species due to the duplication of alcohol dehydro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
a. Fructose is not the only sugar found in fruits. Glucose and sucrose are also found in varying quantities in various fruits, and sometimes exceed the fructose present. For example, 32% of the edible portion of a date is glucose, compared with 24% fructose and 8% sucrose. However, peaches contain more sucrose (6.66%)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Rabi frequency is the frequency at which the probability amplitudes of two atomic energy levels fluctuate in an oscillating electromagnetic field. It is proportional to the transition dipole moment of the two levels and to the amplitude (not intensity) of the electromagnetic field. Population transfer between the l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stromatolites are layered biochemical accretionary structures formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding, and cementation of sedimentary grains by biofilms (microbial mats) of microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria.
During the Precambrian, stromatolite communities of microorganisms grew in most marine and non-m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lactams can be formed from cyclisation of amino acids via the coupling between an amine and a carboxylic acid within the same molecule.
Lactamization is most efficient in this way if the product is a γ-lactam. For example, Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH, although its side-chain amine is sterically protected by extremely bulky 4-Meth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anodizing is an electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts.
The process is called anodizing because the part to be treated forms the anode electrode of an electrolytic cell. Anodizing increases resistance to corrosion and wear, and provides b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Uroporphyrinogens are cyclic tetrapyrroles with four propionic acid groups ("P" groups) and four acetic acid groups ("A" groups).
There are four forms, which vary based upon the arrangements of the "P" and "A" groups (in clockwise order):
* In the "I" variety (i.e. uroporphyrinogen I), the order repeats four times: AP-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymerization, an anabolic pathway used to build macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides, uses condensation reactions to join monomers. Macromolecules are created from smaller molecules using enzymes and cofactors. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levobetaxolol should not be used by people who have sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, cardiogenic shock, or overt cardiac failure. The drug has been associated with bradycardia and hypertension. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive (2016) require countries to produce annual National Air Pollution Emission Inventories under the provisions of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP).
The European Monitoring and Evaluation Progr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons bound together by the nuclear force. There are 286 primordial nuclides that occur naturally on earth, each corresponding to a unique number of protons, called the atomic number, Z, and a unique number of neutrons, called the neutron number, N. The mass number, A, o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From about the 14th century, water-power began to be applied to bloomeries, but fewer than ten such sites are suspected. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to a 2022 systematic review, inadequate resources (financial and subject matter expertise), barriers to accessing shelved compounds and their trial data, and the lack of traditional IP protections for repurposed compounds are the key barriers to drug repurposing. There is a lack of financial incentives for ph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In ultrashort pulse physics, a so-called nonthermal melting may take place. It occurs not because of the increase of the atomic kinetic energy, but because of changes of the interatomic potential due to excitation of electrons. Since electrons are acting like a glue sticking atoms together, heating electrons by a femto... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term neopolarogram refers to mathematical derivatives of polarograms or cyclic voltammograms that in effect deconvolute diffusion and electrochemical kinetics. This is achieved by analog or digital implementations of fractional calculus. The implementation of fractional derivative calculations by means of numerical... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Tim9-Tim10 complex is made up of three Tim9 molecules and three Tim10 molecules. Each Tim9 and Tim10 subunit consists of 80-110 amino acid residues with four conserved cysteine residues that form two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Each subunit folds into a helix-loop-helix structure, with each loop forming a donut... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The study of planar chiral metamaterials has revealed that planar chirality is also associated with an optical effect in non-diffracting structures: the directionally asymmetric transmission (reflection and absorption) of circularly polarized waves. Planar chiral metamaterials, which are also anisotropic and lossy exhi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Commonly fluorophores (such as rhodamine or fluorescein) are linked to the ring linked to the sugar (in para) via a flexible arm, presumably extruding from the major groove of the helix. Due to low processivity of the nucleotides linked to bulky adducts such as florophores by [Taq polymerase]s, the sequence is typicall... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diarylethene photoswitches have reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions that are photoinduced. They are a class of compounds that have aromatic functional groups bonded to each end of a carbon-carbon double bond. An example of this class of molecule that is used in photopharmacology is stilbene. Under the i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
IL-22 mediates inflammation and binds class II cytokine receptor heterodimers IL-22 RA1/CRF2-4; is involved in immuno-regulatory responses | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A starting point for the development can be taken as the virial equation of state for a gas.
where is the pressure, is the volume, is the temperature and ... are known as virial coefficients. The first term on the right-hand side is for an ideal gas. The remaining terms quantify the departure from the ideal gas law... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the constituents of a mixture are completely miscible in all proportions with each other, the type of azeotrope is called a homogeneous azeotrope. Homogeneous azeotropes can be of the low-boiling or high-boiling azeotropic type. For example, any amount of ethanol can be mixed with any amount of water to form a homo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antisense oligonucleotides were discovered in 1978 by Paul Zamecnik and Mary Stephenson. Oligonucleotides, which are short nucleic acid fragments, bind to complementary target mRNA molecules when added to the cell. These molecules can be composed of single-stranded DNA or RNA and are generally 13–25 nucleotides long. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Color change materials have been used in several very common outlets but also in an increasing number of new ones. Commercial applications include photochromics in ophthalmics, fashion/cosmetics, security, sensors, optical memory and optical switches, thermochromics in paints, inks, plastics and textiles as indicators... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2014, Southern Research and the University of Alabama at Birmingham formed the Alliance for Innovative Medical Technology (AIMTech) to develop new medical devices to improve healthcare.
The creation of medical devices are across all five specializations: Cardiology, Orthopedics, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation and Tra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SINEs are classified as non-LTR retrotransposons because they do not contain long terminal repeats (LTRs). There are three types of SINEs common to vertebrates and invertebrates: CORE-SINEs, V-SINEs, and AmnSINEs. SINEs have 50-500 base pair internal regions which contain a tRNA-derived segment with A and B boxes that ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Apart from some production of puddled steel, English steel continued to be made by the cementation process, sometimes followed by remelting to produce crucible steel. These were batch-based processes whose raw material was bar iron, particularly Swedish oregrounds iron.
The problem of mass-producing cheap steel was so... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Syngenta was the Chinese owned worldwide leader in agrochemical sales in 2013 at approximately US$10.9 billion, followed by Bayer CropScience, BASF, Dow AgroSciences, Monsanto, and then DuPont with about $3.6 billion. It is still in the worldwide leading position based on sales of year 2019. Based on a statistics by st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most direct method for measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations for periods before instrumental sampling is to measure bubbles of air (fluid or gas inclusions) trapped in the Antarctic or Greenland ice sheets. The most widely accepted of such studies come from a variety of Antarctic cores and indicate th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The closed loop recirculation is a proven method of directly monitoring hydrogen in molten aluminium. A small volume of carrier gas, usually nitrogen, is brought in contact with the melt by means of an immersed probe, and is continuously recirculated in the closed loop until its hydrogen content reaches equilibrium wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Termination by disproportionation occurs when an atom is transferred from one polymer free radical to another. The atom is usually hydrogen, and this results in two polymer chains.
With this type of termination and no chain transfer, the number average degree of polymerization (DP) is then equal to the average kinetic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16November 1943. The first director of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pontecorvo was never able to prove his theory, but he was on to something with his thinking. In 2002, results from an experiment conducted 2100 meters underground at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory proved and supported Pontecorvo's theory and discovered that neutrinos released from the Sun can in fact change form or f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The solution for axisymmetric stagnation point flow in the presence of a solid wall was first obtained by Homann (1936). A typical example of this flow is the forward stagnation point appearing in a flow past a sphere. Paul A. Libby (1974)(1976) extended Homann's work by allowing the solid wall to translate along its o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Based on air resistance, for example, the terminal speed of a skydiver in a belly-to-earth (i.e., face down) free fall position is about . This speed is the asymptotic limiting value of the speed, and the forces acting on the body balance each other more and more closely as the terminal speed is approached. In this exa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Group 6 and group 7 transition metal complexes have been found to be the most prominent in regards to dissociation of the CO cis to ligand X. CO is a neutral ligand that donates 2 electrons to the complex, and therefore lacks anionic or cationic properties that would affect the electron count of the complex. For tran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Semicarbazide is the chemical compound with the formula OC(NH)(NH). It is a water-soluble white solid. It is a derivative of urea. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Independent research conducted by Antibody Solutions and published or presented at scientific conferences include the following:
* Generation of Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Therapeutic Target from the Alloy Therapeutics Mouse
* Generation Using a Molecular Modeling Platform to Guide Therapeutic A... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Surfactin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with detergent-like activity increasing the permeability of cell membranes in all bacteria, regardless of their Gram stain classification. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of surfactin is between 12-50 μg/ml.
Surfactin is also capable of degrading viral envelope lipids... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Design parameters include type of mill, milling container, milling speed, milling time, type, size, and size distribution of the grinding medium, ball-to-powder weight ratio, extent of filling the vial, milling atmosphere, process control agent, temperature of milling, and the reactivity of the species. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dashboard provides support for mass spectrometry providing searches against the chemical data contained in the database based on mass and molecular formula. The dashboard has been applied to non-targeted analysis searching for "known unknowns". Both targeted mass spectrometry and non-targeted mass spectrometry are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The center's projects are:
* Analysis of potential glycan-binding proteins on various glycan arrays (CFG glycan array, Microbial glycan array, NCFG-derived arrays)
* Structural analysis of glycans
* Production of naturally occurring glycans by isolation | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the 1990s, when the term ecosan was something new, discussions were heated and confrontational. Supporters of ecosan claimed the corner on containment, treatment and reuse. The proponents of conventional sanitation systems on the other side defended pit latrines and waterborne sewage systems. Ecosan supporters c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pseudo-response regulator (PRR) refers to a group of genes that regulate the circadian oscillator in plants. There are four primary PRR proteins (PRR9, PRR7, PRR5 and TOC1/PRR1) that perform the majority of interactions with other proteins within the circadian oscillator, and another (PRR3) that has limited function. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Dystonia: involuntary muscle contractions
*Axial hypotonia: low muscle tone and strength
*Dysarthria: impairment in muscles used for speech
*Muscle stiffness and tremors
*Seizures
*Coordination and balance impairment
*Oculogyric crises: abnormal rotation of the eyes
The oculogyric crises usually occur in the later h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Generally, the rates of ligand dissociation from low spin complexes are lower than dissociation rates from high spin complexes. In the case of octahedral complexes, electrons in the e levels are anti-bonding with respect to the metal-ligand bonds. Famous "exchange inert" complexes are octahedral complexes of d and low... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Simplified sewerage is most widely used in Brazil. It is estimated that in Brazil some 5 million people in over 200 towns and cities are served with simplified sewerage - or condominial sewerage. This corresponds to about 3% of the population of Brazil and about 6% of the population connected to sewers. They serve poor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
S. Finch and R. H. Collier, in a paper entitled "Insects can see clearly now the weeds have gone", showed experimentally that flying pests are far less successful if their host-plants are surrounded by other plants or even "decoy-plants" coloured green. Pests find hosts in stages, first detecting plant odours which ind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paquette's 1982 organic synthesis takes about 29 steps with raw materials cyclopentadiene (2 equivalents 10 carbon atoms), dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (4 carbon atoms) and allyltrimethylsilane (2 equivalents, 6 carbon atoms).
In the first leg of the procedure two molecules of cyclopentadiene 1 are coupled together... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
WeNMR aims at bringing together complementary research teams in the structural biology and life science area into a virtual research community at a worldwide level and provide them with a platform integrating and streamlining the computational approaches necessary for NMR and SAXS data analysis and structural modelling... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
X-ray crystallography is the primary method for determining the molecular conformations of biological macromolecules, particularly protein and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. The double-helical structure of DNA was deduced from crystallographic data. The first crystal structure of a macromolecule was solved in 1958,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Hunterian Museum at the University of Glasgow are two pitch-based demonstrations by Lord Kelvin from the 19th century. Kelvin placed some bullets on top of a dish of pitch, and corks at the bottom: over time, the bullets sank and the corks floated.
Lord Kelvin also showed that the pitch flows like glaciers, with... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Mg-Mg bond for a neutral magnesium(I) dimer has shown to be significantly sigma-bonding. This arises from the s-orbital overlap of the two metals. The bonding interaction that occurs may be connected to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), giving the highest energy bond of the molecule. This can be reflec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Archaeal transcription factor B (ATFB or TFB) is a protein family of extrinsic transcription factors that guide the initiation of RNA transcription in organisms that fall under the domain of Archaea. It is homologous to eukaryotic TFIIB and, more distantly, to bacterial sigma factor. Like these proteins, it is involved... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DnaA consists mainly in two different forms, the active ATP-form and the inactive ADP. The level of active DnaA within a cell is low immediately after a cell has divided. Although the active form of DnaA requires ATP, the formation of the oriC/DnaA complex and subsequent DNA unwinding does not require ATP hydrolysis.
T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PNRC1 functions as a coactivator for several nuclear receptors including AR, ERα, ERRα, ERRγ, GR, SF1, PR, TR, RAR and RXR. The interaction between PNRC1 with nuclear receptors occurs through the SH3 domain of PNRC1. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The third edition of the Green Book () was first published by IUPAC in 2007. A second printing of the third edition was released in 2008; this printing made several minor revisions to the 2007 text. A third printing of the third edition was released in 2011. The text of the third printing is identical to that of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycobiology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of the field of glycobiology and the official journal of the Society for Glycobiology. It is published by Oxford University Press. The journal was established in September 1990. It publishes primary research on the "biological functions of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry, hydration isomerism is a kind of isomerism that is observed in some solids. Hydration isomers have identical formula but differ with respect to the numbers of water ligands. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclic PPA is obtained through a cationic polymerization of o-phthalaldehyde using a Lewis acid, typically Boron trifluoride etherate, as an initiator. When Aso and Tagami first reported the successful synthesis of PPA using this technique in 1967, they were unaware of the fact that the polymer they prepared was cyclic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first mutagens to be identified were carcinogens, substances that were shown to be linked to cancer. Tumors were described more than 2,000 years before the discovery of chromosomes and DNA; in 500 B.C., the Greek physician Hippocrates named tumors resembling a crab karkinos (from which the word "cancer" is derived ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The shape memory effect (SME) occurs because a temperature-induced phase transformation reverses deformation, as shown in the previous hysteresis curve. Typically the martensitic phase is monoclinic or orthorhombic (B19' or [https://www.atomic-scale-physics.de/lattice/struk/b19.html B19]). Since these crystal structure... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Among the group 10 and 11 elements, nickel and copper feature most prominently in literature reactions with yellow arsenic. Nickel tetrafluoroborate salts react analogously to cobalt complexes in the presence of triphos to form a sandwich structure with a central cyclic As moiety. Much like iron, the reaction of nickel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Single-crystal superalloys (SX or SC superalloys) are formed as a single crystal using a modified version of the directional solidification technique, leaving no grain boundaries. The mechanical properties of most other alloys depend on the presence of grain boundaries, but at high temperatures, they participate in cre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Urea is readily quantified by a number of different methods, such as the diacetyl monoxime colorimetric method, and the Berthelot reaction (after initial conversion of urea to ammonia via urease). These methods are amenable to high throughput instrumentation, such as automated flow injection analyzers and 96-well micro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trimethylamine N-oxide (MeNO) can be used in the nucleophilic abstraction of carbonyl. There is an nucleophilic attack of MeNO on the carbon of the carbonyl group which pushes electrons on the metal. The reaction then proceeds to kick out CO and NMe.
An article from the Bulletin of Korean Chemical Society journal sho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With a pK near 3.4, thioacetic acid is about 15 times more acidic than acetic acid. The conjugate base is thioacetate:
In neutral water, thioacetic acid is fully ionized. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Born in Moscow to a Russian-Jewish family, she later traveled to Geneva in the 1890s to study chemistry at Geneva University. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Demethylation often refers to cleavage of ethers, especially aryl ethers.
Historically, aryl methyl ethers, including natural products such as codeine (O-methylmorphine), have been demethylated by heating the substance in molten pyridine hydrochloride (melting point ) at , sometimes with excess hydrogen chloride, in a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photochromic, thermochromic, solvatochromic and electrochromic characteristics of spiropyrans make them especially important in the technology area. Most of their applications are based on their photochromic properties.
Photochromic compounds based on spiropyrans, spirooxazines, and [2H]chromenes are being investigated... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A coarctate reaction is a concerted reaction whose transition state involves two rings, in which at least one atom undergoes the simultaneous making and breaking of two bonds. It is an uncommon reaction topology, compared with linear topology and pericyclic topology (itself subdivided into Hückel and Möbius topologies)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Products of the reaction include not only biodiesel, but also the byproducts soap, glycerol, excess alcohol, and trace amounts of water. All of these byproducts must be removed to meet the standards, but the order of removal is process-dependent.
The density of glycerol is greater than that of biodiesel, and this prope... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
hESCs and hiPSCs are the primary cells used to generate hECTs. Human pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) in culture through a milieu containing small-molecule mediators (e.g. cytokines, growth and transcription factors). Transforming hPSC-CMs into hECTs incorporates the use of 3-dim... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first developments in thin layer chromatography occurred in the 1940s, and techniques advanced rapidly in the 1950s after the introduction of relatively large plates and relatively stable materials for sorbent layers. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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