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Arner et al. identified 65,423 transcribed enhancers (producing eRNA) among 33 different cell types under different conditions and different timings of stimulation. The transcription of enhancers generally preceded transcription of transcription factors which, in turn, generally preceded messenger RNA(mRNA) transcripti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ring-shaped phosphorus was theoretically predicted in 2007. The ring-shaped phosphorus was self-assembled inside evacuated multi-walled carbon nanotubes with inner diameters of 5–8 nm using a vapor encapsulation method. A ring with a diameter of 5.30 nm, consisting of 23 and 23 units with a total of 230 P atoms, was ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is no limit to the number of possible organic reactions and mechanisms. However, certain general patterns are observed that can be used to describe many common or useful reactions. Each reaction has a stepwise reaction mechanism that explains how it happens, although this detailed description of steps is not alwa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Evolution of microbial resistance to vancomycin is a growing problem, in particular, within healthcare facilities such as hospitals. While newer alternatives to vancomycin exist, such as linezolid (2000) and daptomycin (2003), the widespread use of vancomycin makes resistance to the drug a significant worry, especially... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once correctly positioned in the membrane via binding of PIP3, Akt can then be phosphorylated by its activating kinases, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and PDK2. Serine473, the hydrophobic motif, is phosphorylated in an mTORC2-dependent manner, leading some investigators to hypothesize that mTORC2 is the lo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A growing number of scientists agree that there is an urgent need to protect the public by being able to forecast harmful algal blooms. One way they hope to do that is with sophisticated sensors which can help warn about potential blooms. The same types of sensors can also be used by water treatment facilities to help ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Innate immune system senses intact peptidoglycan and peptidoglycan fragments using numerous PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) that are secreted, expressed intracellularly or expressed on the cell surface. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many studies have proposed that induction of EMT is the primary mechanism by which epithelial cancer cells acquire malignant phenotypes that promote metastasis. Drug development targeting the activation of EMT in cancer cells has thus become an aim of pharmaceutical companies. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Single-Entity Electrochemistry (SEE) refers to the electroanalysis of an individual unit of interest. A unique feature of SEE is that it unifies multiple different branches of electrochemistry. Single-Entity Electrochemistry pushes the bounds of the field as it can measure entities on a scale of 100 microns to angstrom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biosensors are attached to a substance of interest. Normally, this substance would not be able to absorb light, but with the attached biosensor, light can be absorbed and emitted on a spectrophotometer. Additionally, biosensors that are fluorescent can be viewed with the naked eye. Some fluorescent biosensors also have... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dynemicins are a sub-family of enediynes whose members are organic compounds generated in Micromonospora chersina. Dynemicin A was the first member of this sub-family to be discovered. It was isolated from M. chersina in a soil sample taken from the state of Gujarat in India. Dynemicins are violet in color because ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The HTL process differs from pyrolysis as it can process wet biomass and produce a bio-oil that contains approximately twice the energy density of pyrolysis oil. Pyrolysis is a related process to HTL, but biomass must be processed and dried in order to increase the yield. The presence of water in pyrolysis drastically ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy maintains a powerful capability to study bond energies of coordination complexes. IRPD can measure varying bond energies of compounds, including dative bonds and coordination energies of molecular clusters. Structural information about analytes can acquired by using mass selectiv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A series of samples are prepared with all the same receptor (R) concentration but in which the ligand (L) concentration is titrated. After equilibrium is reached each sample is measured by flowing it through the column (Figure 2).
For 1:1 reversible binding Equilibrium Kd is defined as
(1) K≡k/k =R*L/RL
the binding... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Isomers having distinct biological properties are common; for example, the placement of methyl groups. In substituted xanthines, theobromine, found in chocolate, is a vasodilator with some effects in common with caffeine; but, if one of the two methyl groups is moved to a different position on the two-ring core, the is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
mTOR inhibitors are a class of drugs used to treat several human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegeneration. They function by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (also known as the mechanistic target of rapamycin), which is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that belo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The KhAB-250 is the provisional naming of an aerial bomb developed by the Soviet Air Force to deliver the chemical weapon sarin.
The KhAB-250 operational weight has been reported as and . 24 could be carried by the Tupolev Tu-22.
The bomb uses a burst charge to detonate on impact with the ground. It contains a payload... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MTBE is used as a fuel component in fuel for gasoline engines. It is one of a group of chemicals commonly known as oxygenates because they raise the oxygen content of gasoline. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the presence of very reactive dienes (for example 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran) butadienesulfone behaves as a dienophile and forms the corresponding Diels-Alder adduct.
As early as 1938, Kurt Alder and co-workers reported Diels-Alder adducts from the isomeric 2-sulfolene with 1,3-butadiene and 2-sulfolene with cyclopen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another approach to prevent or reduce PD formation is by modifying the primers so that annealing with themselves or each other does not cause extension.
HANDS (Homo-Tag Assisted Non-Dimer System): a nucleotide tail, complementary to the 3 end of the primer is added to the 5 end of the primer. Because of the close proxi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Ludwieg tube is a wind tunnel that produces supersonic flow for short periods of time. A large evacuated dump tank is separated from the downstream end of a convergent-divergent nozzle by a diaphragm or fast acting valve. The upstream end of the nozzle connects to a long cylindrical tube, whose cross-sectional area i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PSII, PSI, and cytochrome bf are found in chloroplasts. All plants and all photosynthetic algae contain chloroplasts, which produce NADPH and ATP by the mechanisms described above. In essence, the same transmembrane structures are also found in cyanobacteria.
Unlike plants and algae, cyanobacteria are prokaryotes. They... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flockhart had joined John Duncan (also from Kinrosshire, who was 28 years his senior), as a partner in 1833, having started as an apprentice surgeon-apothecary and qualifying as a licenciate of the Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh in 1830, when he was 22 years old. He did not practise as a surgeon, but with Duncan, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A stratified fluid may be defined as the fluid with density variations in the vertical direction. For example, air and water; both are fluids and if we consider them together then they can be seen as a stratified fluid system. Density variations in the atmosphere profoundly affect the motion of water and air. Wave phen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For black body emitters where photon recirculation is achieved via filters, Planck's law states that a black body emits light with a spectrum given by:
where I′ is the light flux of a specific wavelength, λ, given in units of 1 m⋅s. h is the Planck constant, k is the Boltzmann constant, c is the speed of light, and T i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conversion of vegetable oil to biodiesel is via a transesterification reaction, where a triglyceride is converted to the methyl esters (of the fatty acids) plus glycerol. This is usually done using methanol and caustic or acid catalysts, but can be achieved using supercritical methanol without a catalyst. The method of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrical pulses are also used to intracellularly deliver siRNA into cells. The cell membrane is made of phospholipids which makes it susceptible to an electric field. When quick but powerful electrical pulses are initiated the lipid molecules reorient themselves, while undergoing thermal phase transitions because of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MgCu is a binary intermetallic compound of magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) adopting cubic crystal structure, more specifically the C15 Laves phase. The space group of MgCu is Fdm with lattice parameter a = 7.04 Å. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the electronics industry, octafluoropropane is mixed with oxygen and used as a plasma etching material for SiO layers in semiconductor applications, as oxides are selectively etched versus their metal substrates.
In medicine, octafluoropropane may compose the gas cores of microbubble contrast agents used in contrast... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LEAPER is analogous to CRISPR Cas-13 in that it targets RNA before proteins are synthesized. However, LEAPER is simpler and more efficient as it only requires , rather than Cas and a guide RNA. According to the developers of LEAPER, it has the potential to be easier and more precise than any CRISPR technique.
LEAPER al... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are seemingly two independent formulations of the third law of thermodynamics both originally were stated by Walther Nernst. The first formulation is known as the Nernst heat theorem, and can be phrased as:
*The entropy of any pure substance in thermodynamic equilibrium approaches zero as the temperature approach... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pillar does not bear an inscription mentioning its erector, date or purpose. It is located at Dhar, which was the capital of the Paramara dynasty. According to the local tradition, the pillar commemorates a military victory of the 11th century Paramara king Bhoja, whose knowledge of iron metallurgy can be seen in h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Deacon process, invented by Henry Deacon, is a process used during the manufacture of alkalis (the initial end product was sodium carbonate) by the Leblanc process. Hydrogen chloride gas was converted to chlorine gas, which was then used to manufacture a commercially valuable bleaching powder, and at the same time... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CK is often determined routinely in a medical laboratory. It used to be determined specifically in patients with chest pain, but this test has been replaced by troponin. Normal values at rest are usually between 60 and 400 IU/L, where one unit is enzyme activity, more specifically the amount of enzyme that will catalyz... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry, a transition metal NHC complex is a metal complex containing one or more N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Such compounds are the subject of much research, in part because of prospective applications in homogeneous catalysis. One such success is the second generation Grubbs catalyst.
Historic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Laser light is sent to the sample and the outcoming transmitted or backscattered light is detected by an optoelectric sensor. The light intensity detected is the result of the interference of all the optical waves coming from the different light paths.
The signal is analysed by calculating the intensity autocorrelation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) is performed by 3 main techniques:
* Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC): Gadolinium contrast is injected, and rapid repeated imaging (generally gradient-echo echo-planar T2 weighted) quantifies susceptibility-induced signal loss.
* Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE): Measuring shortenin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alessio Zaccone and collaborators investigated the effects of shear-flow on particle aggregation which can play an important role in applications e.g. microfluidics, chemical reactors, atmospheric and environmental flows. Their work showed a characteristic lag-time in the shear-induced aggregation of the particles, whi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barluenga was born in Tardienta (Huesca), Spain, where he spent his childhood and attended primary school.
He studied chemistry at the University of Zaragoza (B.Sc., 1963; Ph.D. 1966) with Professor V. Gómez Aranda. In 1967, he moved to Germany and, after a postdoctoral appointment at the Max-Planck Institut für Kohle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Catabolite repression was extensively studied in Escherichia coli. E. coli grows faster on glucose than on any other carbon source. For example, if E. coli is placed on an agar plate containing only glucose and lactose, the bacteria will use glucose first and lactose second. When glucose is available in the environment... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The two forms of inorganic arsenic, reduced (trivalent As(III)) and oxidized (pentavalent As(V)), can be absorbed, and accumulated in tissues and body fluids. In the liver, the metabolism of arsenic involves enzymatic and non-enzymatic methylation; the most frequently excreted metabolite (≥ 90%) in the urine of mammals... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Newly created network of canals opens up new routes and ways of water navigation, which is generally more efficient and cheaper compared to road transport. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like all known forms of matter, liquids are fundamentally quantum mechanical. However, under standard conditions (near room temperature and pressure), much of the macroscopic behavior of liquids can be understood in terms of classical mechanics. The "classical picture" posits that the constituent molecules are discrete... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Purnell equation is an equation used in analytical chemistry to calculate the resolution R between two peaks in a chromatogram.
where
::R is the resolution between the two peaks
::N is the plate number of the second peak
::α is the separation factor between the two peaks
::k ' is the retention factor of the second... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Friction stir processing (FSP) is a method of changing the properties of a metal through intense, localized plastic deformation. This deformation is produced by forcibly inserting a non-consumable tool into the workpiece, and revolving the tool in a stirring motion as it is pushed laterally through the workpiece. The p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ulrike Diebold is well known for her influential work in the fields of surface science, materials and physical chemistry, and condensed matter physics. In particular, she has contributed greatly to the understanding of atomic-scale surface structure and electronic surface structure of metal oxides. For her work, she ma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1994 Leonard Adleman presented the first prototype of a DNA computer. The TT-100 was a test tube filled with 100 microliters of a DNA solution. He managed to solve an instance of the directed Hamiltonian path problem. In Adlemans experiment, the Hamiltonian Path Problem was implemented notationally as the "travellin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In metallurgy, non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not contain iron (allotropes of iron, ferrite, and so on) in appreciable amounts.
Generally more costly than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Printing quality is highly influenced by the various treatments and methods used in creating paper and enhancing the paper surface. Consumers are most concerned with the paper-ink interactions which vary for certain types of paper due to different chemical properties of the surface. Inkjet paper is the most commercial... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For hydrocarbons, the DBE (or IHD) tells us the number of rings and/or extra bonds in a non-saturated structure, which equals the number of hydrogen pairs that are required to make the structure saturated, simply because joining two elements to form a ring or adding one extra bond (e.g., a single bond changed to a doub... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mechanism of the Cornforth rearrangement begins by a thermal pericyclic ring opening which furnishes a nitrile intermediate 1, which then undergoes rearrangement to the oxazole, which is isomeric to the starting compound.
The ylide intermediate has several resonance contributors and the stability of said structures... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Potentiometric titrimetry has been the predominant automated titrimetric technique since the 1970s, so it is worthwhile considering the basic differences between it and thermometric titrimetry.
Potentiometrically-sensed titrations rely on a free energy change in the reaction system. Measurement of a free energy depende... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The third annual Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry Conference was held virtually on Thursday, June 24, and Friday, June 25, 2021.
2021 Career Panel featured Kay Brummond (Univ of Pittsburgh), Martha A. Sarpong (GlaxoSmithKline), Emma Radoux (Royal Society of Chemistry), Callie Bryan (Janssen), Kimberly Steward (Car... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Population increase in India is the other driver of the need for river inter-linking. India's population growth rate has been falling but still continues to increase by about 10 to 15 million people every year. The resulting demand for food must be satisfied with higher yields and better crop security, both of which re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In insects, biliprotein lipocalins generally function to facilitate the changing of colours during camouflage, but other roles of biliproteins in insects have also been found. Functions such as preventing cellular damage, regulating guanylyl cyclase with biliverdin, among other roles associated with metabolic maintenan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
I-type lectin named from the immunoglobulin-like domain. Sialoadhesin is one of the I-type lectin, which binds specifically to sialic acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amides are pervasive in nature and technology. Proteins and important plastics like Nylons, Aramid, Twaron, and Kevlar are polymers whose units are connected by amide groups (polyamides); these linkages are easily formed, confer structural rigidity, and resist hydrolysis. Amides include many other important biological ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* halocarbonates, including carbonate fluorides, carbonate chlorides, carbonate bromides
* phosphates, including fluoride phosphates, chloride phosphate, phosphate molybdates, phosphate arsenates
* borates
** halide borates, including fluoride borates borate chlorides, borate bromides, borate iodides
** chalcogenide bo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The active site of PLE facilitates both substrate binding and hydrolysis. A key serine residue in the active site promotes hydrolysis, but the substrate must present an ester group to this residue after binding to the enzyme active site for hydrolysis to take place. Whether the substrate is able to present an ester gro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleotides and in particular as ribotides, i.e. bases attached to ribose 5-phosphate. Both adenine and guanine are derived from the nucleotide inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is the first compound in the pathway to have a completely formed purine ring system. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The silver nanoparticles that pass through wastewater treatment plants undergo transformations in the environment through changes in aggregation state, oxidation state, precipitation of secondary phases, or sorption of organic species. These transformations can result in the formation of colloidal solutions. Each of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The triose phosphate translocator is an integral membrane protein found in the inner membrane of chloroplasts. It exports triose phosphate (Dihydroxyacetone phosphate) in exchange for inorganic phosphate and is therefore classified as an antiporter. The imported phosphate is then used for ATP regeneration via the light... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of racemic amlodipine is commonly associated with adverse events like peripheral edema and other side effects like headache, dizziness, flushing and abdominal pain. Controlled clinical trials showed that levamlodipine is rarely associated with these side effects. No controlled clinical study of levamlodipine ha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Much of what are known as Isaac Newtons occult studies can largely be attributed to his study of alchemy. From a young age, Newton was deeply interested in all forms of natural sciences and materials science, an interest which would ultimately lead to some of his better-known contributions to science. His earliest enco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Benefits will be realised by pursuing two overarching goals:
* To determine global ocean distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, and to evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species in order to characterise more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electron diffraction measurements of the vapour at 255 K established that digallane is structurally similar to diborane with 2 bridging hydrogen atoms (so-called three-center two-electron bonds). The terminal Ga-H bond length is 152 pm, the Ga-H bridging is 171 pm and the Ga-H-Ga angle is 98°. The Ga-Ga distance is 258... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isotope analysis is the identification of isotopic signature, abundance of certain stable isotopes of chemical elements within organic and inorganic compounds. Isotopic analysis can be used to understand the flow of energy through a food web, to reconstruct past environmental and climatic conditions, to investigate hum... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the solvent is a liquid, then almost all gases, liquids, and solids can be dissolved. Here are some examples:
* Gas in liquid:
** Oxygen in water
** Carbon dioxide in water – a less simple example, because the solution is accompanied by a chemical reaction (formation of ions). The visible bubbles in carbonated water... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Green roofs improve air and water quality while reducing energy cost. The implementation of green roofs in some regions have correlated with increased albedo, providing slightly cooler temperatures and thus, lower energy consumption.The plants and soil provide more green space and insulation on roofs. Green and blue ro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Once the presence of a carbonyl group has been identified using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (also known as Bradys reagent or 2,4-DNPH or 2,4-DNP), Tollens reagent can be used to distinguish ketone vs aldehyde. Tollens' reagent gives a negative test for most ketones, with alpha-hydroxy ketones being one exception.
The te... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Admissions are carried out on an All-India basis and the students are drawn from different parts of the country.
To prepare trained Chemist Scientists for positions in drug and pharmaceutical industries and environmental organizations, School is running many courses in pharmaceutical sciences.
M. Sc. (Pharmaceutical Ch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Direct effects of increasing CO concentrations in the atmosphere include increasing global temperatures, ocean acidification and a CO fertilization effect on plants and crops. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This method use DNA recombinant technology and it gives an actual measurement of protein stability. In his detailed site-directed mutagenesis studies, Utani and his coworkers substituted 19 amino acids at Trp49 of the tryptophan synthase and he measured the free energy of unfolding. They found that the increased stabil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chiral crown stationary phases consist Crown ethers, immobilized or bonded to the support particles, are polyethers with a macrocyclic structure that can create host-guest complexes with alkali, earth-alkali metal ions, and ammonium cations. The skeleton of the cyclic structure is composed of oxygen and methylene group... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The history of biochemistry can be said to have started with the ancient Greeks who were interested in the composition and processes of life, although biochemistry as a specific scientific discipline has its beginning around the early 19th century. Some argued that the beginning of biochemistry may have been the discov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cadmium is a strong neutron poison and in fact control rods are often made out of cadmium, making the accumulation of cadmium in fuel of particular concern for the maintenance of stable neutron economy. Cadmium is also a chemically poisonous heavy metal, but given the number of neutron absorptions required for transmut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In quantum mechanics, a doublet is a composite quantum state of a system with an effective spin of 1/2, such that there are two allowed values of the spin component, −1/2 and +1/2. Quantum systems with two possible states are sometimes called two-level systems. Essentially all occurrences of doublets in nature arise fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a body submerged in a fluid, unsteady forces due to acceleration of that body with respect to the fluid, can be divided into two parts: the virtual mass effect and the Basset force.
The Basset force term describes the force due to the lagging boundary layer development with changing relative velocity (acceleration) ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Materials science has shaped the development of civilizations since the dawn of humankind. Better materials for tools and weapons has allowed people to spread and conquer, and advancements in material processing like steel and aluminum production continue to impact society today. Historians have regarded materials as s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some derivatives that were designed to penetrate mitochondrial cell membranes (SkQ1 (plastoquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium), SkQR1 (the rhodamine-containing analog of SkQ1), SkQ3) have anti-oxidant and protonophore activity. SkQ1 has been proposed as an anti-aging treatment, with the possible reduction of age-relat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike its human ortholog, murine perilipin is composed of 517 amino acids in the primary structure of which several regions can be identified. Three moderately hydrophobic sequences (H1, H2, H3) of 18 rem (243-260 aa), 23 rem (320-332 aa) and 16 rem (349-364 aa) can be identified in the centre of the protein, as well ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hansen solubility parameters were developed by Charles M. Hansen in his Ph.D thesis in 1967 as a way of predicting if one material will dissolve in another and form a solution. They are based on the idea that like dissolves like where one molecule is defined as being like another if it bonds to itself in a similar way.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclic Corrosion Testing (CCT) has evolved in recent years, largely within the automotive industry, as a way of accelerating real-world corrosion failures, under laboratory controlled conditions.
As the name implies, the test comprises different climates which are cycled automatically so the samples under test underg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because secondary structure of the 5’ end of mRNA influences translational efficiency, synonymous changes at this region on the mRNA can result in profound effects on gene expression. Codon usage in noncoding DNA regions can therefore play a major role in RNA secondary structure and downstream protein expression, which... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal degradation of DOC has been found at high-temperature hydrothermal ridge-flanks, where outflow DOC concentrations are lower than in the inflow. While the global impact of these processes has not been investigated, current data suggest it is a minor DOC sink. Abiotic DOC flocculation is often observed during rap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organometallic chemistry, agostic interaction refers to the interaction of a coordinatively-unsaturated transition metal with a C−H bond, when the two electrons involved in the C−H bond enter the empty d-orbital of the transition metal, resulting in a three-center two-electron bond. Many catalytic transformations, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SH2 domains are not present in yeast and appear at the boundary between protozoa and animalia in organisms such as the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.
A detailed bioinformatic examination of SH2 domains of human and mouse reveals 120 SH2 domains contained within 115 proteins encoded by the human genome, represe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plants respond to injury by signalling that damage has occurred, by secreting materials to seal off the damaged area, by producing antimicrobials to limit the spread of pathogens, and in some woody plants by regrowing over the wound. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Survivin is shown to be clearly regulated by the cell cycle, as its expression is found to be dominant only in the G2/M phase. This regulation exists at the transcriptional level, as there is evidence of the presence of cell-cycle-dependent element/cell-cycle gene homology region (CDE/CHR)boxes located in the survivin ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In materials science, paracrystalline materials are defined as having short- and medium-range ordering in their lattice (similar to the liquid crystal phases) but lacking crystal-like long-range ordering at least in one direction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diachylon (from Latin diachȳlōn, representing Greek , "[a medicament] composed of juices"), also rendered diachylum or diaculum, was originally a kind of medicament made of the juices of several plants (thus its name), but now commonly the name for lead-plaster, emplastrum plumbi—a plaster made of lead oxide boil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider fluid flow around an airfoil. The flow of the fluid around the airfoil gives rise to lift and drag forces. By definition, lift is the force that acts on the airfoil normal to the apparent fluid flow speed seen by the airfoil. Drag is the forces that acts tangential to the apparent fluid flow speed seen by the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Formate dehydrogenases are a set of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, donating the electrons to a second substrate, such as NAD in formate:NAD+ oxidoreductase () or to a cytochrome in formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase (). This family of enzymes has attracted attention as inspira... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trioxidane can be obtained in small, but detectable, amounts in reactions of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, or by the electrolysis of water. Larger quantities have been prepared by the reaction of ozone with organic reducing agents at low temperatures in a variety of organic solvents, such as the anthraquinone process. I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Torovirus is a genus of viruses within the family Coronaviridae, subfamily Torovirinae that primarily infect vertebrates and include Berne virus of horses and Breda virus of cattle. They cause gastroenteritis in mammals, including humans but rarely. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cheon Jinwoo is the H.G. Underwood Professor at Yonsei University and the Director of the Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS). As a leading chemist in inorganic materials chemistry and nanomedicine Cheon and his group research chemical principles for the preparation of complex inorganic materials... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (2012), The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath, [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/illpres.html The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009], accessed 13 June 2011.
* Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (2012), The Nobel Prize i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
UV can influence indoor air chemistry, leading to the formation of ozone and other potentially harmful pollutants, including particulate pollution. This occurs primarily through photolysis, where UV photons break molecules into smaller radicals that form radicals such as OH. The radicals can react with volatile organic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens aim to elucidate the relationship between genotype and phenotype by ablating gene expression on a genome-wide scale and studying the resulting phenotypic alterations. The approach utilises the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, coupled with libraries of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs),... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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