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Some research has suggested that a deregulation of cAMP pathways and an aberrant activation of cAMP-controlled genes is linked to the growth of some cancers. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 7 (i.e. CMTM7), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 7 (i.e. CKLFSF7), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CMTM7 gene. This gene, which is located in band 22 on the short (i.e. "p") arm of chromosome 3, and the protein that it encodes belong to t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Octafluoropropane can be produced either by electrochemical fluorination or by the Fowler process using cobalt fluoride. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The L-arabinose operon houses genes coding for arabinose-digesting enzymes. These function to break down arabinose as an alternative source for energy when glucose is low or absent. The operon consists of a regulatory repressor gene (araC), three control sites (ara02, ara01, araI1, and araI2), two promoters (Parac/Par... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A large fraction of human tumor mutations are effectively patient-specific. Therefore, neoantigens may also be based on individual tumor genomes. Deep-sequencing technologies can identify mutations within the protein-coding part of the genome (the exome) and predict potential neoantigens. In mice models, for all novel ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Moissan published his first scientific paper, about carbon dioxide and oxygen metabolism in plants, with Dehérain in 1874. He left plant physiology and then turned towards inorganic chemistry; subsequently his research on pyrophoric iron was well received by the two most prominent French inorganic chemists of that time... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This element describes the impedance of a finite-length diffusion with transmissive boundary. It is described by the following equation: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For many decades, arsenic was used medicinally to treat syphilis. It is still used in sheep dips, rat poisons, wood preservatives, weed killers, and other pesticides. Arsenic is poisonous if it enters the human body. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Commercial PCB mixtures were marketed under the following names:
Brazil
* Ascarel
Czech Republic and Slovakia
*Delor
France
*Phenoclor
*Pyralène (both used by Prodolec)
Germany
*Clophen (used by Bayer)
Italy
*Apirolio
*Fenclor
Japan
*Kanechlor (used by Kanegafuchi)
*Santotherm (used by Mitsubishi)
*Pyroclor
Former USSR... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Caesium-134 is found in spent nuclear fuel but is not produced by nuclear weapon explosions, as it is only formed by neutron capture on stable Cs-133, which is only produced by beta decay of Xe-133 with a half-life of 3 days. Cs-134 has a half-life of 2 years and may be a major source of gamma radiation in the first 20... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early studies of the bioluminescence of Aequorea by E. Newton Harvey had noted that the bioluminescence appears as a ring around the bell, and occurs even in the absence of air. This was remarkable because most bioluminescence reactions require oxygen, and led to the idea that the animals somehow store oxygen. It was l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Lagrangian motion of a fluid parcel with position vector x = ξ(α, t) in the Eulerian coordinates is given by
where
: ∂ξ/∂t is the partial derivative of ξ(α, t) with respect to t,
: ξ(α, t) is the Lagrangian position vector of a fluid parcel,
: u(x, t) is the Eulerian velocity,
: x is the position vector in the Eule... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ClSOOH is used to prepare alkyl sulfates, which are useful as detergents and as chemical intermediates:
:ROH + ClSOH → ROSOH + HCl
An early synthesis of saccharin begins with the reaction of toluene with ClSOOH to give the ortho- and para-toluenesulfonyl chloride derivatives:
:CHCH + 2 ClSOOH → CHCHSOCl + HSO + HCl
Oxi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With regard to light sensitivity, particularly in red light which is associated with hypocotyl lengthening, all PRR mutants were observed to be hypo-sensitive with PRR9 showing to be less sensitive. All the double mutants were equal in hyposensitivity as the PRR5 or PRR7 mutants; the triple mutant is extremely hypo-sen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CNS is a mixture of chloroacetophenone, chloropicrin and chloroform that is used as a chemical warfare agent. CNS has the lachrymatory effects of chloroacetophenone and choking effects of chloropicrin. It has a flypaper-like odor.
CNS was used as a riot control agent, but it's no longer used now. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hess's law states that the change of enthalpy in a chemical reaction is the same regardless of whether the reaction takes place in one step or several steps, provided the initial and final states of the reactants and products are the same. Enthalpy is an extensive property, meaning that its value is proportional to the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, three different excitation conditions are distinguished: resonant, quasi-resonant, and non-resonant. For the resonant excitation, the central energy of the laser corresponds to the lowest exciton resonance of the quantum well. No, or only a negligible amount of the excess, energy is injected to the carrier ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Studies from various international working groups have revealed a significantly increased amount of Tumor M2-PK in EDTA-plasma samples of patients with renal, lung, breast, cervical and gastrointestinal tumors (oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, colon, rectum), as well as melanoma, which correlated with the tumor stage.
Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In geometry, the mirror image of an object or two-dimensional figure is the virtual image formed by reflection in a plane mirror; it is of the same size as the original object, yet different, unless the object or figure has reflection symmetry (also known as a P-symmetry).
Two-dimensional mirror images can be seen in t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The instantaneous motion of a rigid body may be the combination of rotation about an axis (the screw axis) and a translation along that axis. This screw move is characterized by the velocity vector for the translation and the angular velocity vector in the same or opposite direction. If these two vectors are constant a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In industrial processes, the reduction of metal oxides is often effected by a carbothermic reaction, using carbon as a reducing agent. Carbon is available cheaply as coal, which can be rendered to coke. When carbon reacts with oxygen it forms the gaseous oxides carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, so the thermodynamics... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NAPCO began developing composite cow breeds in 1982 when they created the Alexandria composite by breeding Braham Bulls and Shorthorn cow herds. The Alexandria composite is a species of cow that is specific to the NAPCO. The composite was developed at NAPCOs Alexandria station in the Northern Territory. The Alexandria ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
where
* is the number of constituent quarks, and
* is the number of constituent antiquarks.
Beta decay just changes neutron to proton or, in the case of positive beta decay (electron capture) proton to neutron so the number of individual quarks doesn't change. It is only the baryon flavor that changes, here labelled ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In crystallography and solid state physics, the Laue equations relate incoming waves to outgoing waves in the process of elastic scattering, where the photon energy or light temporal frequency does not change upon scattering by a crystal lattice. They are named after physicist Max von Laue (1879–1960).
The Laue equatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A vacuum ceramic filter is designed to separate liquids from solids for dewatering of ore concentrates purposes. The device consists of a rotator, slurry tank, ceramic filter plate, distributor, discharge scraper, cleaning device, frame, agitating device, pipe system, vacuum system, automatic acid dosing system, automa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Parasitoids have successfully been incorporated into biological pest control programs for many years. Plants can influence the effect of parasitoids on herbivores by releasing chemical cues that attract parasitoids and by providing food sources or domatia. Certain parasitoids may be dependent on this plant relationship... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the United States, the Human Genome Project first took clear form in February of 1988, with the release of the National Research Council (NRC) report Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome. YACs are significantly less stable than BACs, producing "chimeric effects" : artifacts where the sequence of the cloned DNA ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a transcript attains the threshold length of ten nucleotides, it enters the RNA exit channel. The polymerase breaks its interactions with the promoter elements and any regulatory proteins associated with the initiation complex that it no longer needs. Promoter escape in eukaryotes requires ATP hydrolysis and, in t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Palierne equation connects the dynamic modulus of emulsions with the dynamic modulus of the two phases, size of the droplets and the interphase surface tension. The equation can also be used for suspensions of viscoelastic solid particles in viscoelastic fluids. The equation is named after French rheologist Jean-Franço... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AS04-adjuvanted HBV vaccines may be relevant for patients that are non-responsive to other HBV vaccines, including those with immunodeficiency. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Funded by the European Commission- Horizon 2020 and European Green Deal
Duration: 4 years (October 2021-September 2025)
Objective: The main scope of the project is to support the EU farm to fork sustainable strategy by providing technical, financial, and political tools and solutions to reduce GHG emissions (by 2030) a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The CARS process can be physically explained by using either a classical oscillator model or by using a quantum mechanical model that incorporates the energy levels of the molecule. Classically, the Raman active vibrator is modeled as a (damped) harmonic oscillator with a characteristic frequency of ω. In CARS, this os... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Water waves of different wave lengths travel with different phase speeds, a phenomenon known as frequency dispersion. For the case of infinitesimal wave amplitude, the terminology is linear frequency dispersion. The frequency dispersion characteristics of a Boussinesq-type of equation can be used to determine the range... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By the 1930s, several large classes of natural products were known. Important milestones included:
* Terpenes, first systematically studied by Otto Wallach (Nobel Prize 1910) and later by Leopold Ružička (Nobel Prize 1939)
* Dyes based on porphins (including chlorophyll and heme), studied by Richard Willstätter (Nobel ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a closed system, there is a difference observed in the anomeric effect for different substituents on a cyclohexane or tetrahydropyran ring (Y=Oxygen). When X=OH, the generic anomeric effect can be seen, as previously explained. When X=CN, the same results are seen, where the equatorial position is preferred on the c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The specification above is incomplete, because for any object or system the magnitude of the compressibility depends strongly on whether the process is isentropic or isothermal. Accordingly, isothermal compressibility is defined:
where the subscript indicates that the partial differential is to be taken at constant te... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nitrogen has two stable isotopes, N and N. The ratio between these is measured relative to nitrogen in ambient air. Nitrogen ratios are frequently linked to agricultural activities. Nitrogen isotope data has also been used to measure the amount of exchange of air between the stratosphere and troposphere using data fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crystal violet can be used as an alternative to Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) in staining of proteins separated by SDS-PAGE, reportedly showing a 5x improved sensitivity vs CBB. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Calcium carbide is sometimes used as source of acetylene, which like ethylene gas, is a ripening agent. However, this is illegal in some countries as, in the production of acetylene from calcium carbide, contamination often leads to trace production of phosphine and arsine. These impurities can be removed by passing th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mixtures of complex acids can be resolved by thermometric titration with standard NaOH in aqueous solution. In a mixture of nitric, acetic and phosphoric acids used in the fabrication of semi-conductors, three endpoints could be predicted on the basis of the dissociation constants of the acids:
The key to determine the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In cities such as Chicago, green infrastructure projects are aimed at enhancing the environment through sustainability and livability, but often they create more social justice concerns like gentrification. This often happens when urban green spaces added in lower income communities attract wealthier residents, which c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluorine is something of an anomaly in this circumstance. Above, it is described as a weak electron withdrawing group but this is only partly true. It is correct that fluorine has a -I effect, which results in electrons being withdrawn inductively. However, another effect that plays a role is the +M effect which adds e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If multiplexed paired-end sequencing is used, then demultiplexing needs to be done to sort reads for different samples to different files. After the demultiplexing, error correction and read pair elimination based on unique identifier and barcode matching of pairs can be done. Developers adapt the demultiplexing and er... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The measurement of Ki from dynamic PET scans require tracer kinetic modelling to obtain the model parameters describing the biological processes in bone, as described by Hawkins et al. Since this model has two tissue compartments, it is sometimes called a two-tissue compartmental model. Various different versions of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LSD was evidently in limited recreational use in Australia in the early 1960s, but is believed to have been initially restricted to those with connections to the scientific and the medical communities. LSD overdose was suggested as a possible cause of the January 2, 1962 deaths of CSIRO scientists Gilbert Bogle and his... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The catalytic cycle begins with coordination of the Cu(I) species to the olefin, followed by oxidative addition at the γ position and an allylic shift to displace the leaving group. This generates a Cu(III) allyl complex intermediate. Finally, reductive elimination yields the final product and regenerates Cu(I). A Cu(I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The endothelial protease vasohibin uses a cysteine as the nucleophile, but a serine to coordinate the histidine base. Despite the serine being a poor acid, it is still effective in orienting the histidine in the catalytic triad. Some homologues alternatively have a threonine instead of serine at the acid location. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is a computational method for the simulation of incompressible free surface flows. It is a macroscopic, deterministic particle method (Lagrangian mesh-free method) developed by Koshizuka and Oka (1996). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Companion planting approaches in use or being trialled include:
* Square foot gardening attempts to protect plants from issues such as weed infestation by packing them as closely together as possible. This is facilitated by using companion plants, which can be closer together than normal.
* Forest gardening, where comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Once the nucleotides are synthesized they can exchange phosphates among one another in order to create mono-, di-, and tri-phosphate molecules. The conversion of a nucleoside-diphosphate (NDP) to a nucleoside-triphosphate (NTP) is catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase, which uses ATP as the phosphate donor. Simi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphorochloridites are produced by partial alcoholysis of phosphorus trichloride, which proceeds stepwise:
:PCl + ROH → HCl + (RO)PCl (phosphochloridite)
:(RO)PCl + ROH → HCl + (RO)PCl (phosphodichloridite)
:(RO)PCl + ROH → HCl + (RO)P (phosphite)
These reactions are readily controlled with aroma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since 1980 two theories were worked on to explain adsorption and obtain equations that work. These two are referred to as the chi hypothesis, the quantum mechanical derivation, and excess surface work (ESW). Both these theories yield the same equation for flat surfaces:
where U is the unit step function. The definition... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MOBs have been incorporated into composites including cellulose. Additionally, MOBs composed of the copper-containing CuHARS have been shown to provide catalytic function to produce nitric oxide (NO).
Nitric Oxide production: This production of NO was shown to impart anti-microbial activity, and the CuHARS in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) is a trenchless rehabilitation method used to repair existing pipelines. It is a jointless, seamless pipe lining within an existing pipe. As one of the most widely used rehabilitation methods, CIPP has applications in sewer, water, gas, chemical and district heating pipelines ranging in dia... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The identification of MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 in pathogen signaling has been a tremendous finding. Mekk1, mkk1/mkk2 double and mpk4 mutations are dwarfed and acquire too much of reactive oxygen species. The mutations are considered to be from the enhancement of SA levels, which is partially reversed by bacterial SA hydrolase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The final case described by Asakura and Oosawa describes two large, hard spheres of diameter , in a solution of small, hard spheres of diameter . If the distance between the center of the spheres, , is less than , then the small spheres are excluded from the space between the large spheres. This results in the area bet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Detection limits may vary greatly with the cross section of the core state of interest and the background signal level. In general, photoelectron cross sections increase with atomic number. The background increases with the atomic number of the matrix constituents as well as the binding energy, because of secondary em... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On metal, patina is a coating of various chemical compounds such as oxides, carbonates, sulfides, or sulfates formed on the surface during exposure to atmospheric elements (oxygen, rain, acid rain, carbon dioxide, sulfur-bearing compounds). In common parlance, weathering rust on steel is often mistakenly referred to as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Roderick MacKinnon commissioned Birth of an Idea, a tall sculpture based on the KcsA potassium channel. The artwork contains a wire object representing the channel's interior with a blown glass object representing the main cavity of the channel structure. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In vertebrates, calcium ions, like many other ions, are of such vital importance to many physiological processes that its concentration is maintained within specific limits to ensure adequate homeostasis. This is evidenced by human plasma calcium, which is one of the most closely regulated physiological variables in th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1968, Vinograd was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. In 1970 he received the Kendall Award from the American Chemical Society. In 1972, the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation gave him the T. Duckett Jones Award. He was invited to give a number of honorary lectures, including the Burroughs Wellcome Lecture at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Contaminants that may be in untreated water include microorganisms such as viruses, protozoa and bacteria; inorganic contaminants such as salts and metals; organic chemical contaminants from industrial processes and petroleum use; pesticides and herbicides; and radioactive contaminants. Water quality depends on the loc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solvents with a dielectric constant (more accurately, relative static permittivity) greater than 15 (i.e. polar or polarizable) can be further divided into protic and aprotic. Protic solvents, such as water, solvate anions (negatively charged solutes) strongly via hydrogen bonding. Polar aprotic solvents, such as aceto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The glycerol phosphate shuttle was first characterized as a major route of mitochondrial hydride transport in the flight muscles of blow flies. It was initially believed that the system would be inactive in mammals due to the predominance of lactate dehydrogenase activity over Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* (self-published)
* (self-published)
Editor: Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds, Royal Society of Chemistry, Volume 1 (1968) to Volume 9 (1976) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some anionic nitrito complexes undergo acid-induced deoxygenation to give the linear nitrosyl complex.
:[LMNO] + H → [LMNO] + OH
The reaction is reversible in some cases. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first description of what would come to be called paramutation was given by William Bateson and Caroline Pellew in 1915, when they described "rogue" peas that always passed their "rogue" phenotype onto their progeny. However, the first formal description of paramutation was given by R.A. Brink at the University of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A vibration spectrum analyzer allows to analyze vibration amplitudes at various component frequencies, In this way, vibration occurring at specific frequencies can be identified and tracked. Since particular machinery problems generate vibration at specific frequencies, machinery faults can be detected or diagnosed. V... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reduction may typically be carried out in a round-bottom flask equipped with a drying-tube-capped reflux condenser, a mercury-sealed mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet, and an additional funnel with a pressure-equalizing side arm. The most common solvents used are tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether. Wha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemical engineering, a Stefan tube is a device that was devised by Josef Stefan in 1874. It is often used for measuring diffusion coefficients. It comprises a vertical tube, over the top of which a gas flows and at the bottom of which is a pool of volatile liquid that is maintained in a constant-temperature bath.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microdialysis takes advantage of a semi-permeable membrane, across which small molecules and ions can pass, while proteins and large polymers cannot cross. By establishing a gradient of solute concentration across the membrane and allowing the system to progress toward equilibrium, the system can slowly move toward sup... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a bacterium without the proper mutation(s) in rpoB rifampicin binds to a site near the fork in the β subunit and prevents the polymerase from transcribing more than two or three base pairs of any RNA sequence and stopping production of proteins within the cell. Bacteria with mutations in the proper loci along the rp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anions that interact weakly with cations are termed non-coordinating anions, although a more accurate term is weakly coordinating anion. Non-coordinating anions are useful in studying the reactivity of electrophilic cations. They are commonly found as counterions for cationic metal complexes with an unsaturated coordi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Kubelka–Munk equation describes the remission from a sample composed of an infinite number of infinitesimal layers, each having as an absorption fraction, and as a remission fraction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Symptoms of mold exposure can include:
* Nasal and sinus congestion, runny nose
* Respiratory problems, such as wheezing and difficulty breathing, chest tightness
* Cough
* Throat irritation
* Sneezing / Sneezing fits | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When one is considering allylic strain, one needs to consider the possible conformers and the possible stereoelectronic demand of the reaction. For example, in the conformation of (Z)-4-methylpent-2-ene, the molecule isn't frozen in the favored conformer but rotates in the dihedral angle around 30° at <1kcal/mol cost. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some researchers have examined the use of antimatter as an alternative fusion trigger, mainly in the context of antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion but also nuclear weapons. Such a system, in a weapons context, would have many of the desired properties of a pure fusion weapon. The technical barriers to produc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the medical field, "lost" tubes are tubes which have to be replaced after single use. This is not genuine tube cleaning in the proper sense and is very often applied in the medical sector, for instance with cannulas of syringes, infusion needles or medical appliances, such as kidney machines at dialysis. The reasons... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like some other ethers, dioxane combines with atmospheric oxygen upon prolonged exposure to air to form potentially explosive peroxides. Distillation of these mixtures is dangerous. Storage over metallic sodium could limit the risk of peroxide accumulation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conventional nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater is accomplished in two separate steps: nitrification, which is mediated by aerobic ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and denitrification carried out by denitrifiers, which reduce nitrate to with the input of suitable electron donors. Aeration and input ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term shock polar is generally used with the graphical representation of the Rankine–Hugoniot equations in either the hodograph plane or the pressure ratio-flow deflection angle plane. The polar itself is the locus of all possible states after an oblique shock. The shock polar was first introduced by Adolf Busemann ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metals can be heat-treated to alter the properties of strength, ductility, toughness, hardness and resistance to corrosion. Common heat treatment processes include annealing, precipitation strengthening, quenching, and tempering:
* Annealing process softens the metal by heating it and then allowing it to cool very slow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spore-forming bacteria are of particular concern in the context of planetary protection because their tough endospores may withstand certain sterilization procedures as well as the harsh environments of outer space or planetary surfaces. To test their hardiness on a hypothetical mission to Mars, spores of Bacillus subt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pillar was installed as a trophy in building the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutb complex by Sultan Iltutmish in the 13th century. Its original location, whether on the site itself or from elsewhere, is debated.
According to the inscription of king Chandra, the pillar was erected at Vishnupadagiri (Vishnupada). ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Combustion spraying equipment produces an intense flame, which may have a peak temperature more than 3,100 °C and is very bright. Electric arc spraying produces ultra-violet light which may damage delicate body tissues. Plasma also generates quite a lot of UV radiation, easily burning exposed skin and can also cause "f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In B. Neritina, bryostatin biosynthesis is carried out through a type I polyketide synthase cluster, bry. BryR is the secondary metabolism homolog of HMG-CoA synthase, which is the PKS in bacterial primary metabolism. In the bryostatin pathway, the BryR module catalyzes β-Branching between a local acetoacetyl acceptor ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the United States, modafinil is classified as a schedule IV controlled substance under US federal law. This means that the drug has a low potential for abuse and dependence compared to other controlled substances. However, it still requires a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to obtain.
It is illegal ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TPVs have been proposed for use in recreational vehicles. Their ability to use multiple fuel sources makes them interesting as more sustainable fuels emerge. TPVs silent operation allows them to replace noisy conventional generators (i.e. during "quiet hours" in national park campgrounds). However, the emitter temperat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The process is prone to bulking of solids and the treatment system can become overloaded.
* This can cause the dissolved oxygen content to drop; this may reduce the efficiency of nitrification and the settleability of the sludge.
* Excessive aeration will be required which wastes electricity.
it will create thick foa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recently, a well-studied quorum quenching bacterial strain (KM1S) was isolated and its AHL degradation kinetics were studied using rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC). RRLC efficiently separates components of a mixture to a high degree of sensitivity, based on their affinities for different liquid phases. It ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hexamethyltungsten (W(CH)) was the first example of a molecular trigonal prismatic complex. The figure shows the six carbon atoms arranged at the vertices of a triangular prism with the tungsten at the centre. The hydrogen atoms are not shown.
Some other transition metals have trigonal prismatic hexamethyl complexes, i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Iodolactonization (or, more generally, halolactonization) is an organic reaction that forms a ring (the lactone) by the addition of an oxygen and iodine across a carbon-carbon double bond. It is an intramolecular variant of the halohydrin synthesis reaction. The reaction was first reported by M. J. Bougalt in 1904 and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 3-Hydroxypropionate bicycle, also known as 3-HP/malyl-CoA cycle, discovered only in 1989, is utilized by green non-sulfur phototrophs of Chloroflexaceae family, including the maximum exponent of this family Chloroflexus auranticus by which this way was discovered and demonstrated. The 3-Hydroxipropionate bicycle is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In performance evaluations, LeDock demonstrated strong sampling power and outperformed other commercial and academic alternatives, including, notably Autodock Vina. According to a review from 2017, LeDock was noted for its effectiveness in sampling ligand conformational space, identifying near-native binding poses, and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Khalil Ahmad Qureshi (Urdu: خليل احمد قريشى; HI, SI), is a Pakistani physical chemist and the professor of physical chemistry at the Punjab University. He has published notable papers in nuclear physical chemistry in international scientific journals as well contributing in the advancement of the scientific application... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A key concept that might be used for applications is the (numerical) derivative of the solid fraction fs with temperature. A numerical example using a copper zinc alloy at composition Zn 30% in weight is proposed as an example here using the opposite sign for using both temperature and its derivative in the same grap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The third and last stop codon in the standard genetic code was discovered soon after, and corresponds to the nucleotide triplet "UGA".
To continue matching with the theme of colored minerals, the third nonsense codon came to be known as "opal", which is a type of silica showing a variety of colors. Nonsense mutations t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Optimal eastern meadow vole habitat consists of moist, dense grassland with substantial amounts of plant litter. Habitat selection is largely influenced by relative ground cover of grasses and forbs; soil temperature, moisture, sodium, potassium, and pH levels; humidity; and interspecific competition. Eastern meadow vo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crotonyl-coenzyme A is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. It is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper and its alloys are readily joined by mechanical techniques, such as crimping, staking, riveting, and bolting; or by bonding techniques, such as soldering, brazing and welding. Selection of the best joining technique is determined by service requirements, joint configuration, thickness of components, and alloy co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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