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The gray is conventionally used to express the severity of what are known as "tissue effects" from doses received in acute exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation. These are effects that are certain to happen, as opposed to the uncertain effects of low levels of radiation that have a probability of causing damage... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chirality of a molecule is based on the molecular symmetry of its conformations. A conformation of a molecule is chiral if and only if it belongs to the C, D, T, O, I point groups (the chiral point groups). However, whether the molecule itself is considered to be chiral depends on whether its chiral conformations a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The colour change from morphine is proposed to be a result of two molecules of morphine and two molecules of formaldehyde condensing to the dimeric product which is protonated to the oxocarbenium salt. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RuBisCO is one of many enzymes in the Calvin cycle. When Rubisco facilitates the attack of at the C2 carbon of RuBP and subsequent bond cleavage between the C3 and C2 carbon, 2 molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate are formed. The conversion involves these steps: enolisation, carboxylation, hydration, C-C bond cleavage, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wood particles used to make various types of products rely on particle-size analysis to maintain high quality standards. By doing so, companies reduce waste and become more productive. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first symptoms of apitoxin (bee venom), that are now thought to be caused by apamin, were described back in 1936 by Hahn and Leditschke. Apamin was first isolated by Habermann in 1965 from Apis mellifera, the Western honey bee. Apamin was named after this bee. Bee venom contains many other compounds, like histamine... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water clarity is measured using multiple techniques. These measurements include: Secchi depth, light attenuation, turbidity, beam attenuation, absorption by colored dissolved organic matter, the concentration of chlorophyll-a pigment, and the concentration of total suspended solids. Clear water generally has a deep Sec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pauling first proposed the concept of electronegativity in 1932 to explain why the covalent bond between two different atoms (A–B) is stronger than the average of the A–A and the B–B bonds. According to valence bond theory, of which Pauling was a notable proponent, this "additional stabilization" of the heteronuclear b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Van de Flierdt grew up in rural western Germany. In 2000 van de Flierdt completed a diploma in Geology at the University of Bonn. She earned a PhD at ETH Zurich in 2003, working with Alexander Halliday. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Lippmann–Schwinger equation (named after Bernard Lippmann and Julian Schwinger) is one of the most used equations to describe particle collisions – or, more precisely, scattering – in quantum mechanics. It may be used in scattering of molecules, atoms, neutrons, photons or any other particles and is important mainl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* K. S. Krane, [https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02398283 Nuclear orientation and nuclear structure]. Hyperfine Interactions, Volume 43, Numbers 1–4, pages 3–14, December, 1988.
* B. Bleaney, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/53459 Cross-relaxation and nuclear orientation in ytterbium vanadate]. Proceedings: Mathematical, Phy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glass Circularity is a concept that aims towards achieving Circular economy by closing the life-cycle loop of glass. Circularity of glass can be achieved via reuse of post-consumer glasses or by recycling to get a unique product that can be used for several other purposes. Circularity of glass can help minimize the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plasma processing, corona treatment, and flame treatment can all be classified as surface oxidation mechanisms. These methods all involve cleavage of polymer chains in the material and the incorporation of carbonyl, and hydroxyl functional groups. The incorporation of oxygen into the surface creates a higher surface en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several antibiotics exert their action by targeting the translation process in bacteria. They exploit the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation mechanisms to selectively inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria without affecting the host. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbene dimerization is a type of organic reaction in which two carbene or carbenoid precursors react in a formal dimerization to an alkene. This reaction is often considered an unwanted side-reaction but it is also investigated as a synthetic tool. In this reaction type either the two carbenic intermediates react or a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the absorption column (V) the hydrogen chloride compound of the saturated roast gas leaving the preconcentrator is adiabatically absorbed in water (which in many cases is acid rinse water from a carbon steel pickling line). Regenerated acid (typical strength: 18% wt/wt) is collected at absorption column bottom. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The attractive forces between polymer chains play a large part in determining the polymer's properties. Because polymer chains are so long, they have many such interchain interactions per molecule, amplifying the effect of these interactions on the polymer properties in comparison to attractions between conventional mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Even with the same composition, morphology of the nanoparticles that make up the counter electrode play such an integral role in determining the efficiency of the overall photovoltaic. Because a material's electrocatalytic potential is highly dependent on the amount of surface area available to facilitate the diffusion... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To describe the geometry of graphical surfaces that illustrate equilibrium relations between thermodynamic functions of state, no one can fictively think of so-called "reversible processes". They are convenient theoretical objects that trace paths across graphical surfaces. They are called "processes" but do not descri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ideality of solutions is analogous to ideality for gases, with the important difference that intermolecular interactions in liquids are strong and cannot simply be neglected as they can for ideal gases. Instead we assume that the mean strength of the interactions are the same between all the molecules of the solution.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular recognition takes place in a noisy, crowded biological environment and the recognizer often has to cope with the task of selecting its target among a variety of similar competitors. For example, the ribosome has to select the correct tRNA that matches the mRNA codon among many structurally similar tRNAs. If t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plants that have been called glassworts include:
*Arthroceras subterminale (Parish's glasswort)
*Eriogonum salicornioides (glasswort buckwheat)
*Species in the genus Salicornia (glasswort or jointed glasswort):
**Salicornia bigelovii (dwarf glasswort)
**Salicornia blackiana (thick-head glasswort)
**Salicornia europaea ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A kinetic and regional chemical study of the Evelyn effect has been described. The results, in the Journal of Chemical Education, made claims involving the mechanism by which the dehydrations occurred.
The article looks into the claim of having E1 and E2 mechanisms occur in the reaction.
The researchers measured the k... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The organosilane is activated with fluoride (as some sort of salt such as TBAF or TASF) or a base to form a pentavalent silicon center which is labile enough to allow for the breaking of a C-Si bond during the transmetalation step. The general scheme to form this key intermediate is shown below. This step occurs in si... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A third mission, called EXPOSE-R2, was launched on 24 July 2014 aboard the Russian Progress M-24M, carrying 46 species of bacteria, fungi and arthropods, in 758 different samples that were exposed to different conditions, under different filters, and for various time periods. It was attached on 18 August 2014 to the ex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cryoneurolysis, also referred to as cryoanalgesia, is a medical procedure that temporarily blocks nerve conduction along peripheral nerve pathways. The procedure, which inserts a small probe to freeze the target nerve, can facilitate complete regeneration of the structure and function of the affected nerve. Cryoneuroly... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, a cnoidal wave is a nonlinear and exact periodic wave solution of the Korteweg–de Vries equation. These solutions are in terms of the Jacobi elliptic function cn, which is why they are coined cnoidal waves. They are used to describe surface gravity waves of fairly long wavelength, as compared to the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
About 70% of the ingested imidapril is absorbed quickly from the gut; this percentage is reduced significantly when taken with a fatty meal. It reaches highest blood plasma concentrations after two hours and has a biological half-life of two hours. The substance is a prodrug and is activated to imidaprilat, which reach... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the Vaisheshika school, all things that exist, that can be cognized and named are s (literal meaning: the meaning of a word), the objects of experience. All objects of experience can be classified into six categories, dravya (substance), (quality), karma (activity), (generality), (particularity) and (i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SBO has benefited from the funds of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SNIF-NMR is applied on pure (or purified) molecules. Therefore, some preparation steps may be required in the lab before analysis.
For example, for the SNIF-NMR of ethanol, according to official methods:
* Fermentation (for fruit juice)
* Quantitative extraction of ethanol by distillation
* Standardized preparatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coil coating is the continuous and highly automated industrial process for efficiently coating metal coils. Because the metal is treated before it is cut and formed, the entire surface is cleaned and treated, providing tightly-bonded finishes. (Formed parts can have many holes, recessed areas, valleys, and hidden areas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In materials science, grain growth is the increase in size of grains (crystallites) in a material at high temperature. This occurs when recovery and recrystallisation are complete and further reduction in the internal energy can only be achieved by reducing the total area of grain boundary. The term is commonly used in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The oxide crystal structure is based on a close-pack array of oxygen anions, with metal cations occupying interstitial sites. The close-packed arrays, such as face-centered-cubic (fcc) and hexagonal-close packed (hcp), have both octahedral and tetrahedral interstices. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In materials science, misorientation is the difference in crystallographic orientation between two crystallites in a polycrystalline material.
In crystalline materials, the orientation of a crystallite is defined by a transformation from a sample reference frame (i.e. defined by the direction of a rolling or extrusion ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A fluorogen is a ligand (fluorogenic ligand) which is not itself fluorescent, but when it is bound by a specific protein or RNA structure becomes fluorescent.
For instance, FAST is a variant of photoactive yellow protein which was engineered to bind chemical mimics of the GFP tripeptide chromophore.
Likewise, the spina... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stepwise elongation, in which the amino acids are connected step-by-step in turn, is ideal for small peptides containing between 2 and 100 amino acid residues. Another method is fragment condensation, in which peptide fragments are coupled. Although the former can elongate the peptide chain without racemization, the yi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lynette Cegelski is an American physical chemist and chemical biologist who studies extracellular structures such as biofilms and membrane proteins. She is an associate professor of chemistry and, by courtesy, of chemical engineering at Stanford University. She is a Stanford Bio-X and Stanford ChEM-H affiliated faculty... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kowalski served as the inaugural director of the Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), established in 1984, at the University of Washington. Initially CPAC was a National Science Foundation (NSF) Industry-University Cooperative Research Center (IUCRC). It has since been renamed Center for Process Analysis and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Thioacetone (2-propanethione) A lightly studied organosulfur. Its smell is so potent it can be detected several hundred meters downwind mere seconds after a container is opened.
* Allyl thiol (2-propenethiol; allyl mercaptan; CH=CHCHSH) (garlic volatiles and garlic breath)
* (Methylthio)methanethiol (CHSCHSH), the "m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neutral methylene complexes undergo different chemical reactions depending on the pi character of the coordinate bond to the carbon centre. A weak contribution, such as in diazomethane, yields mainly substitution reactions, whereas a strong contribution, such as in ethenone, yields mainly addition reactions. Upon treat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MHD has no moving parts, which means that a good design might be silent, reliable, and efficient. Additionally, the MHD design eliminates many of the wear and friction pieces of the drivetrain with a directly driven propeller by an engine. Problems with current technologies include expense and slow speed compared to a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH) from a molecule. A common way of demethylation is the replacement of a methyl group by a hydrogen atom, resulting in a net loss of one carbon and two hydrogen atoms.
The counterpart of demethylation is methylation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In electromagnetism, the Townsend discharge or Townsend avalanche is an ionisation process for gases where free electrons are accelerated by an electric field, collide with gas molecules, and consequently free additional electrons. Those electrons are in turn accelerated and free additional electrons. The result is a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A pneumatic motor (air motor), or compressed-air engine, is a type of motor which does mechanical work by expanding compressed air. Pneumatic motors generally convert the compressed-air energy to mechanical work through either linear or rotary motion. Linear motion can come from either a diaphragm or piston actuator, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The detected hemolithin protein was reported to have been found inside two CV3 meteorites Allende and Acfer 086. Acfer-086, where the complete molecule was detected rather than fragments (Allende), was discovered in Agemour, Algeria in 1990. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) is a commonly proposed and experimentally pursued theoretical radioactive decay process that would prove a Majorana nature of the neutrino particle. To this day, it has not been found.
The discovery of neutrinoless double beta decay could shed light on the absolute neutrino masses ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order to visualize functional relations and provide better understanding of experimental data, the graphical interface emphasize user interactivity and functional interconnection. There are two visualization tools in the suite: one depicting single material while another being focused on intergrowths of two differe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cobalts trichloride was detected in 1952 by Schäfer and Krehl in the gas phase when cobalt(II) chloride is heated in an atmosphere of chlorine . The trichloride is formed through the equilibrium
At 918 K (below the melting point of , 999 K), the trichloride was the predominant cobalt species in the vapor, with partia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Wnt protein family includes a large number of cysteine-rich glycoproteins. The Wnt proteins activate signal transduction cascades via three different pathways, the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca pathway. Wnt proteins appear to control a wide r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the temperature decreases, further physiological systems falter and heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure all decrease. This results in an expected heart rate in the 30s at a temperature of .
There is often cold, inflamed skin, hallucinations, lack of reflexes, fixed dilated pupils, low blood pressure, pu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
crystallizes in two forms (polymorphs). At room temperature, the compound is stable in the orthorhombic cotunnite (Lead(II) chloride|) structure, whereas the cubic fluorite structure (calcium fluoride|) is stable between 925 and 963 °C. Both polymorphs accommodate the preference of the large ion for coordination numbe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the ribosome movement on the mRNA is not linear, the ribosome gets paused at different regions without a precise reason. The ribosome pause position will help to identify the mRNA sequence features, structure, and the transacting factor that modulates this process. The advantage of ribosomal pause sites that are l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* R. Tao, Editor (2011). Electro-Rheological Fluids And Magneto-Rheological Suspensions: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference. World Scientific. .
*[http://spie.org/x648.html?product_id=731251 Chunlin Miao, et al., "Magnetorheological fluid template for basic studies of mechanical-chemical effects during ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Herman was born on 24 March 1934 in Libušín. He studied physical chemistry and radiochemistry at the School of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University, Prague (1952–1957). He then joined the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, to which he remained affiliated.
Herman's early work, wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most permutations of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine on one carbon atom have been evaluated experimentally. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MicroRNAs, or miRNAs for short, are small (~22nt) segments of RNA which have been found to play a crucial role in gene regulation. One of the most commonly used methods for cloning and identifying miRNAs within a cell or tissue was developed in the Bartel Lab and published in a paper by Lau et al. (2001). Since then, s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In LS AAS the high resolution that is required for the measurement of atomic absorption is provided by the narrow line emission of the radiation source, and the monochromator simply has to resolve the analytical line from other radiation emitted by the lamp. This can usually be accomplished with a band pass between 0.2... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The human gut-on-a-chip contains two microchannels that are separated by the flexible porous Extracellular Matrix (ECM)-coated membrane lined by the gut epithelial cells: Caco-2, which has been used extensively as the intestinal barrier. Caco-2 cells are cultured under spontaneous differentiation of its parental cell, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Felix Bloch (23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) was a Swiss-American physicist and Nobel physics laureate who worked mainly in the U.S. He and Edward Mills Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for "their development of new ways and methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements." In 1954–1955,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A. Louis Allred and Eugene G. Rochow considered that electronegativity should be related to the charge experienced by an electron on the "surface" of an atom: The higher the charge per unit area of atomic surface the greater the tendency of that atom to attract electrons. The effective nuclear charge, Z, experienced by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic synthesis, vinyl oxocarbenium ions (structure on right) can be utilized in a wide range of cycloaddition reactions. They are commonly employed as dienophiles in the Diels–Alder reaction. An electron withdrawing ketone is often added to the dienophile to increase the rate of the reaction, and these ketones ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1988, The NIST group in Washington led by William Phillips first measured temperatures below the Doppler limit in sodium atoms in an optical molasses, prompting the search for the theoretical underpinnings of sub-Doppler cooling.
The next year, Jean Dalibard and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji identified the cause as the mul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is a method of introducing analytes into the mass spectrometer's vacuum chamber via a semi-permeable membrane. Usually a thin, gas-permeable, hydrophobic membrane is used, for example polydimethylsiloxane. Samples can be almost any fluid including water, air or sometimes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1960s and 70s various studies showed that the D–L test was not specific to cannabis, although some flawed studies claimed to show the opposite. A 1969 UK government scientist reported twenty-five plant substances giving a D–L test result very similar to that of cannabis and warned that the D–L test "should never... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon-neutral fuels can lead to greenhouse gas remediation because carbon dioxide gas would be reused to produce fuel instead of being released into the atmosphere. Capturing the carbon dioxide in flue gas emissions from power plants would eliminate their greenhouse gas emissions, although burning the fuel in vehicles... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On December 11, 2008, the DOE-SC announced the selection of Michigan State University to design and establish FRIB.
The project earned Critical Decision 1 (CD-1) approval in September 2010 which established a preferred alternative and the associated established cost and schedule ranges.
On August 1, 2013, DOE-SC approv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chloridizing roasting transforms certain metal compounds to chlorides through oxidation or reduction. Some metals such as uranium, titanium, beryllium and some rare earths are processed in their chloride form. Certain forms of chloridizing roasting may be represented by the overall reactions:
:2NaCl + MS + 2O -> ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* TEs are also a widely used tool for mutagenesis of most experimentally tractable organisms. The Sleeping Beauty transposon system has been used extensively as an insertional tag for identifying cancer genes.
* The Tc1/mariner-class of TEs Sleeping Beauty transposon system, awarded Molecule of the Year in 2009, is act... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although ischemic cell death is the accepted name of the process, the alternative name of oncosis was introduced as the process involves the affected cell(s) swelling to an abnormally large size in known models. This is thought to be caused by failure of the plasma membranes ionic pumps. The name oncosis (derived from ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogen cyanide (also known as prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula . It is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at . HCN is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valued precursor to many chemical compou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A plate less than one inch thick has enough resistance to turn a .30-06 Springfield standard-issue M2 armour-piercing bullet to dust. The test plate outperformed a solid metal plate of similar thickness, while weighing far less. Other potential applications include nuclear waste (shielding X-rays, gamma rays and neutr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photosensitizers that are readily incorporated into the external tissues can increase the rate at which reactive oxygen species are generated upon exposure to UV light (such as UV-containing sunlight). Some photosensitizing agents, such as St. John's Wort, appear to increase the incidence of inflammatory skin condition... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As previously mentioned, Hox genes encode transcription factors that regulate embryonic and post-embryonic developmental processes. The expression of Hox genes is regulated in part by the tight, spatial arrangement of conserved coding and non-coding DNA regions. The potential for evolutionary alterations in Hox cluste... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cobalt chloride can be prepared in aqueous solution from cobalt(II) hydroxide or cobalt(II) carbonate and hydrochloric acid:
: + 2 HCl → + +
: + 2 HCl → + 2
The solid dihydrate and hexahydrate can be obtained by evaporation. Cooling saturated aqueous solutions yields the dihydrate between 120.2 °C and 51.25... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.570.<ref https://benthamscience.com/press-releases/220070401/</ref> | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1709, at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, England, Abraham Darby began to fuel a blast furnace with coke instead of charcoal. Cokes initial advantage was its lower cost, mainly because making coke required much less labor than cutting trees and making charcoal, but using coke also overcame localized shortages of wood, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zara's wedding to Raja Nazrin Shah was held at Istana Iskandariah on 17 May 2007.
A day after the solemnisation of their vows, there was a special proclamation ceremony to bestowed upon her with the honorific prefix of Tuanku and the official title as Raja Puan Besar (Crown Princess) of Perak, a title reserved for the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the more general case, channels with non-uniform non-circular cross-sectional area, such as the Tesla valve, the hydraulic diameter is defined as:
where
: is the total wetted volume of the channel,
: is the total wetted surface area.
This definition is reduced to for uniform non-circular cross-section channels, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Under the ODA and EU legislation, many orphan drugs have been developed, including drugs to treat glioma, multiple myeloma, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, snake venom poisoning, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
The Pharmaceutical Executive opines, that the "ODA is nearly universally acknowledged to be a succ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SDS is used in cleaning procedures, and is commonly used as a component for lysing cells during RNA extraction or DNA extraction, inhibiting the activity of nucleases, enzymes that can degrade DNA, protecting the integrity of the isolated genetic material, and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the late 20th and early 21st century, there has been a global movement towards the phase-out of polystyrene foam as a single use plastic (SUP). Early bans of polystyrene foam intended to eliminate ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), formerly a major component.
Expanded polystyrene, often termed Styrofoam, i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human EH3 is a recently characterized protein with epoxy hydrolase activity for metabolizing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and vernolic acids (leukotoxins) to their corresponding diols; in these capacities they may thereby limit the cell signaling activity of the EETs and contribute to the toxicity of the leukotoxin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This type of BCA assay seems to only be available from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Reportedly it uses "the same copper reduction method as the traditional BCA Protein Assay with a unique [proprietary] copper chelator.", that absorbs at 480 nm instead of 562 nm. This proprietor chelator and presumed optimized Biuret react... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
pCO, pCO, or is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO), often used in reference to blood but also used in meteorology, climate science, oceanography, and limnology to describe the fractional pressure of CO as a function of its concentration in gas or dissolved phases. The units of pCO are mmHg, atm, torr, Pa, or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reinecke's salt is an inorganic compound with the formula NH[Cr(NCS)(NH)]·HO. The dark-red crystalline compound is soluble in boiling water, acetone, and ethanol. It can be classified as a metal isothiocyanate complex. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some promoters are called constitutive as they are active in all circumstances in the cell, while others are regulated, becoming active in the cell only in response to specific stimuli. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bifidus factor might be lacto-N-biose I [LNB], which is a derivative of mucin sugars. However, the exact structure and mechanism behind the bifidus factor remains unknown.
The bacteria would break down lactic acid and acetic acid. The environment of the intestine would become acidic, preventing the growth of any h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From the above stoichiometric equations, we can find that:
:1 mole of O → 2 moles of MnO(OH) → 2 mole of I → 4 mole of
Therefore, after determining the number of moles of iodine produced, we can work out the number of moles of oxygen molecules present in the original water sample. The oxygen content is usually present... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Poolman is ISI highly cited researcher in microbiology. He has published over 275 peer-reviewed papers in international scientific journals, which have been cited more than 25,000 times. His H-index (Google Scholar) is 83, and he holds four patents. Poolman shares his findings with wide audiences through newspaper, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Boekelheide reaction is a rearrangement of α-picoline-N-oxides to hydroxymethylpyridines. It is named after Virgil Boekelheide who first reported it in 1954. Originally the reaction was carried out using acetic anhydride, which typically required a period at reflux (~140 °C). The reaction can be performed using tri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main objectives of ecological sanitation are to reduce the health risks related to sanitation, contaminated water and waste; to prevent groundwater pollution and surface water pollution; and to reuse nutrients or energy contained within wastes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One would expect that enrichment of heavy isotopes leads to progressively slower reactions, but the IsoRes hypothesis suggests that there exist certain resonance compositions for which kinetics increases even for higher abundances of heavy stable isotopes. For example, at 9.5% C, 10.9% N and 6.6% O (when all three elem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermometric titrimetry offers a rapid, highly precise method for the determination of aluminium in solution. A solution of aluminium is conditioned with acetate buffer and an excess of sodium and potassium ions. Titration with sodium or potassium fluoride yields the exothermic precipitation of an insoluble alumino-flu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GC-content is usually expressed as a percentage value, but sometimes as a ratio (called G+C ratio or GC-ratio). GC-content percentage is calculated as
whereas the AT/GC ratio is calculated as
The GC-content percentages as well as GC-ratio can be measured by several means, but one of the simplest methods is to measure... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, coalescence is a process in which two phase domains of the same composition come together and form a larger phase domain. In other words, the process by which two or more separate masses of miscible substances
seem to "pull" each other together should they make the slightest
contact. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the reduced efficiency verses reversed phase HPLC, hundreds of applications have been reported using MLC. One of the most advantageous is the ability to directly inject physiological fluids. Micelles have an ability to solubilize proteins which enables MLC to be useful in analyzing untreated biological fluids... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some complications that can arise with the use of an Olszewski tube include disruption of the thermocline and excessive water loss. The thermocline separates the upper layer of water that is mixed temperatures with the deeper, cooler water. If the thermocline is disrupted, it could alter the ecology of the lake, potent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Schuster was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1935 and raised in Far Rockaway. He attended Columbia University as an undergraduate and received his bachelors degree in chemistry in 1956. He then moved to the California Institute of Technology, from which he received his Ph.D. in 1961 under the mentorship of John D. Robert... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many contaminated brownfield sites sit unused for decades because the cost of cleaning them to safe standards is more than the land would be worth after redevelopment, in the process becoming involuntary parks as they grow over. However, redevelopment has become more common in the first decade of the 21st century, as d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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