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A macromonomer is a macromolecule with one end-group that enables it to act as a monomer. Macromonomers will contribute a single monomeric unit to a chain of the completed macromolecule.
Several macromonomers have been successfully synthesized utilizing various methods such as controlled radical polymerization (CRP) an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AWWA presents a number of awards every year to individuals who provide notable service to the drinking water community. Among the major awards given are the Abel Wolman Award of Excellence, the George Warren Fuller Award, and the Dr. John L. Leal Award. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because the Zeeman interaction is a function of magnetic field and Larmor frequency, it can be obstructed or amplified by altering the external magnetic or the Larmor frequency with experimental instruments that generate oscillating fields. It has been observed that migratory birds lose their navigational abilities in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Being a good solvent for many materials (such as grease and tar), carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a cleaning fluid for nearly 70 years. It is nonflammable and nonexplosive and did not leave any odour on the cleaned material, unlike gasoline, which was also used for cleaning at the time. It was used as a "safe" ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Capnellene is a naturally occurring tricyclic hydrocarbon derived from Capnella imbricata, a species of soft coral found in Indonesia. Since the 1970s, capnellene has been targeted for synthesis by numerous investigators due to its stereochemistry, functionality, and the interesting geometry of the carbon skeleton. Man... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanochemistry is an emerging sub-discipline of the chemical and material sciences that deals with the development of new methods for creating nanoscale materials. The term "nanochemistry" was first used by Ozin in 1992 as the uses of chemical synthesis to reproducibly afford nanomaterials from the atom "up", contrary t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Jung, C. G. 1968. Psychology and Alchemy, Collected Works of C. G. Jung. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
* Jung, C. G. 1980. Psychology and Alchemy (2nd ed.), Collected Works of C. G. Jung. London: Routledge.
* Jung, C. G. 1980, Psychology and Alchemy Arabic version 2023 Translated by Salma Elsharkawy Fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Analytical ultracentrifugation is an analytical technique which combines an ultracentrifuge with optical monitoring systems.
In an analytical ultracentrifuge (commonly abbreviated as AUC), a sample’s sedimentation profile is monitored in real time by an optical detection system. The sample is detected via ultraviolet l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Longifolene is the common (or trivial) chemical name of a naturally occurring, oily liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins. The name is derived from that of a pine species from which the compound was isolated,
Chemically, longifolene is a tricyclic sesquiterpene. This ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hawkins et al.. demonstrated the toxic effects of CYN by mouse bioassay, using an extract of the original Palm Island strain. Acutely poisoned mice displayed anorexia, diarrhoea and gasping respiration. Autopsy results revealed haemorrhages in the lungs, livers, kidneys, small intestines and adrenal glands. Histopathol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ELSDs analyze solutes eluting out of the chromatographic column, both in LC and SFC. As the eluent exits the columns outlet into the detector inlet, it is mixed with an inert carrier gas (usually nitrogen) and forced through a nebulizer, which separates the liquid into fine aerosolized droplets. These droplets then pas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ab initio quantum mechanical methods simulate liquids using only the laws of quantum mechanics and fundamental atomic constants. In contrast with classical molecular dynamics, the intermolecular force fields are an output of the calculation, rather than an input based on experimental measurements or other consideration... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metabolism is also dependent on the species of organism; different organisms have slightly different P450 enzymes that metabolize certain PCBs better than others. Looking at the PCB metabolism in the liver of four sea turtle species (green, olive ridley, loggerhead and hawksbill), green and hawksbill sea turtles have n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shq1p is a protein involved in the rRNA processing pathway. It was discovered by Pok Yang in the Chanfreau laboratory at UCLA. Depletion of Shq1p has led to decreased level of various H/ACA box snoRNAs (H/ACA box snoRNAs are responsible for pseuduridylation of pre-rRNA) and certain pre-rRNA intermediates. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trains and trams stay on their tracks primarily due to the conical geometry of their wheels. They also have a flange on one side to keep the wheels, and hence the train, running on the rails, when the limits of the geometry-based alignment are reached, either due to some emergency or defect, or simply because the curve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Davies Giddy met Davy in Penzance carelessly swinging on the half-gate of Dr Borlases house, and interested by his talk invited him to his house at Tredrea and offered him the use of his library. This led to his introduction to Dr Edwards, who lived at Hayle Copper House. Edwards was a lecturer in chemistry in the scho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An early ironmaster was John Winter (about 1600–1676) who owned substantial holdings in the Forest of Dean. During the English Civil War he cast cannons for Charles I. Following the Restoration, Winter developed his interest in the iron industry, and experimented with a new type of coking oven. This was a precursor to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The asteranes contain a methylene group bridge on each edge between the two n-gon bases. Each side is thus a cyclohexane rather than a cyclobutane. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics Jeffery–Hamel flow is a flow created by a converging or diverging channel with a source or sink of fluid volume at the point of intersection of the two plane walls. It is named after George Barker Jeffery(1915) and Georg Hamel(1917), but it has subsequently been studied by many major scientists such a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With a narrower, direct band gap (2.4 eV) and proper band alignment with water oxidation potential, the monoclinic form of Bismuth vanadate| has garnered interest from researchers. Over time, it has been shown that V-rich and compact films are associated with higher photocurrent, or higher performance. Bismuth Vanadate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The primary functions of metallic foams in vehicles are to increase sound damping, reduce weight, increase energy absorption in case of crashes, and (in military applications) to combat the concussive force of IEDs. As an example, foam filled tubes could be used as anti-intrusion bars. Because of their low density (0.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methyl orange is a pH indicator frequently used in titration because of its clear and distinct color variance at different pH values. Methyl orange shows red color in acidic medium and yellow color in basic medium. Because it changes color at the pK of a mid strength acid, it is usually used in titration of strong acid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Society's annual meeting is held at the same time and place as the annual meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
Governance is vested in a national president, vice president, executive secretary, and treasurer. With the immediate past president, these constitute the Executive Committee. The curren... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In mineralogy, epitaxy is the overgrowth of one mineral on another in an orderly way, such that certain crystal directions of the two minerals are aligned. This occurs when some planes in the lattices of the overgrowth and the substrate have similar spacings between atoms.
If the crystals of both minerals are well form... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In her fifth paper on cyclols (1937), Wrinch identified the conditions under which two planar cyclol fabrics could be joined to make an angle between their planes while respecting the chemical bond angles. She identified a mathematical simplification, in which the non-planar six-membered rings of atoms can be represent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tebbe's reagent itself does not react with carbonyl compounds, but must first be treated with a mild Lewis base, such as pyridine, which generates the active Schrock carbene.
Also analogous to the Wittig reagent, the reactivity appears to be driven by the high oxophilicity of Ti(IV). The Schrock carbene (1) reacts with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis are caused by food-borne enteric microorganisms, such as Salmonella and Campylobacter; however, it is also important to understand the risk of exposure to pathogens via recreational waters. This is especially the case in watersheds where human or animal wastes are discharged to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The definition of ecosan has varied in the past. In 2012, a widely accepted definition of ecosan was formulated by Swedish experts: "Ecological sanitation systems are systems which allow for the safe recycling of nutrients to crop production in such a way that the use of non-renewable resources is minimized. These syst... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Concentrated sulfuric acid has a powerful dehydrating property, removing water () from other chemical compounds such as table sugar (sucrose) and other carbohydrates, to produce carbon, steam, and heat. Dehydration of table sugar (sucrose) is a common laboratory demonstration. The sugar darkens as carbon is formed, and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One group of researchers applied the field of neuroproteomics to examine how different proteins affect the initial growth of neuritis. The experiment compared the protein activity of control neurons with the activity of neurons treated with nerve growth factor (NGF) and JNJ460, an “immunophilin ligand.” JNJ460 is an ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Triple-point cells are used in the calibration of thermometers. For exacting work, triple-point cells are typically filled with a highly pure chemical substance such as hydrogen, argon, mercury, or water (depending on the desired temperature). The purity of these substances can be such that only one part in a million... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The potentially unlimited source of cell and tissues may have direct application for tissue engineering, cell replacement and transplantation following acute injuries and reconstructive surgery. These applications are limited to the cell types that can be differentiated efficiently and safely from human PSCs with the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alpha- beta- and gamma rays can only be emitted if the conservation laws (energy, angular momentum, parity) are obeyed. This leads to so-called selection rules.
Applications for gamma decay can be found in Multipolarity of gamma radiation. To discuss such a rule in a particular case, it is necessary to know angular mom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The CH vertices of closo-dicarbadodecaboranes undergo deprotonation upon treatment with organolithium reagents:
: CBH + 2 BuLi → LiCBH + 2 BuH
These dilithiated compounds react with a variety of electrophiles, e.g. chlorophosphines, chlorosilanes, and sulfur. Many of the same compounds can be produced by hydrob... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hybrid nuclear fusion–fission (hybrid nuclear power) is a proposed means of generating power by use of a combination of nuclear fusion and fission processes.
The basic idea is to use high-energy fast neutrons from a fusion reactor to trigger fission in non-fissile fuels like U-238 or Th-232. Each neutron can trigger se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AGEs have a range of pathological effects, such as:
* Increased vascular permeability.
* Increased arterial stiffness
* Inhibition of vascular dilation by interfering with nitric oxide.
* Oxidizing LDL.
* Binding cells—including macrophage, endothelial, and mesangial—to induce the secretion of a variety of cytokines.
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In photochemistry, photohydrogen is hydrogen produced with the help of artificial or natural light. This is how the leaf of a tree splits water molecules into protons (hydrogen ions), electrons (to make carbohydrates) and oxygen (released into the air as a waste product). Photohydrogen may also be produced by the photo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Genomic information from surrounding genomic elements is among the most useful information for interpreting the biological function of an observed variant. Information from a known gene is used as a reference to indicate whether the observed variant resides in or near a gene and if it has the potential to disrupt the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radiogenic isotopes provide powerful tracers for studying the ages and origins of Earth systems. They are particularly useful to understand mixing processes between different components, because (heavy) radiogenic isotope ratios are not usually fractionated by chemical processes.
Radiogenic isotope tracers are most pow... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The standard fiber optical trap relies on the same principle as the optical trapping, but with the Gaussian laser beam delivered through an optical fiber. If one end of the optical fiber is molded into a lens-like facet, the nearly gaussian beam carried by a single mode standard fiber will be focused at some distance f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) are restriction enzymes that can be engineered to cut specific sequences of DNA. They are made by fusing a TAL effector DNA-binding domain to a DNA cleavage domain (a nuclease which cuts DNA strands). Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) can be engineere... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dye runs a Youtube channel, personal blog, and has courses on Coursera to teach metallurgy, mathematics and data analysis, continuum mechanics, and engineering Alloys. Dye also is a scientific witness to the Science and Technology Committee of the UK parliament. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Piperacillin is generally available in their stable form as crystallized potassium or sodium salt, quickly losing bactericidal activity upon dissolution due to their short half-lives. As the gastrointestinal tract does not absorb piperacillin and tazobactam, they are dissolved in a solution before being administered to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is uncommon, but possible for NBS to oxidize alcohols. E. J. Corey et al. found that one can selectively oxidize secondary alcohols in the presence of primary alcohols using NBS in aqueous dimethoxyethane (DME). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ThYme (Thioester-active enzYme) is database of enzymes constituting the fatty acid synthesis and polyketide synthesis cycles. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bivalirudin, a 20 amino acid polypeptide, is a synthetic analog of hirudin. Like the hirudins it is also a bivalent DTI. It has an amino-terminal D-Phe-Pro-Arg-Pro domain that is linked via four Gly residues to a dodecapeptide analog of the carboxy-terminal of hirudin. The amino-terminal domain binds to the active site... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dalton Discussions are scientific meetings that provide a forum for the exchange of views and newly acquired results in focused areas of inorganic chemistry. The papers, which are associated with the oral presentations at the meeting, are published in a special issue of the journal, which constitutes a permanent record... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Clarke was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1942, and served on the boards of the Journal of the American Chemical Society and of the Journal of Biological Chemistry. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society, the American Chemical Society, the American Otological Society, and the American Soc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A transcriptome in vivo analysis tag (TIVA tag) is a multifunctional, photoactivatable mRNA-capture molecule designed for isolating mRNA from a single cell in complex tissues.
__TOC__ | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the issues faced by drug delivery is the solubility of the drug in the body; around
40% of newly detected chemicals found in drug discovery are poorly soluble in water. This low solubility affects the bioavailability of the drug, meaning the rate at which the drug reaches the circulatory system and thus the tar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab and cetuximab, can cause different kinds of side effects. These side effects can be categorized into common and serious side effects.
Some common side effects include:
* Dizziness
* Headaches
* Allergies
* Diarrhea
* Cough
* Fever
* Itching
* Back pain
* General weakne... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Murexide (NHCHNO, or CHNO·NH), also called ammonium purpurate or MX, is the ammonium salt of purpuric acid. It is a purple solid that is soluble in water. The compound was once used as an indicator reagent. Aqueous solutions are yellow at low pH, reddish-purple in weakly acidic solutions, and blue-purple in alkaline s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In gene-activated matrix technology (GAM), cytokines and growth factors could be delivered not as recombinant proteins but as plasmid genes. GAM is one of the tissue engineering approaches to wound healing. Following gene delivery, the recombinant cytokine could be expressed in situ by endogenous would healing cells – ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) are widely known to guide the nucleotide modifications and processing of rRNA. Both snRNA and snoRNA are categorized into a class of small RNA molecules that are present in the nucleus. However, they vary a lot by function. snRNA are 80-350nucletides long whil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paul S. Cremer (born 1967) is an American chemist in physical and analytical chemistry at biological interfaces. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The V. M. Goldschmidt Award is an award given by the Geochemical Society at the V. M. Goldschmidt Conference for achievements in the fields of geochemistry and cosmochemistry. The award in honor of Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, a pioneer in both those fields. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The inner mitochondrial membrane contains proteins with three types of functions:
# Those that perform the electron transport chain redox reactions
# ATP synthase, which generates ATP in the matrix
# Specific transport proteins that regulate metabolite passage into and out of the mitochondrial matrix
It contains more t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When sucrose is cooled slowly it results in crystal sugar (or rock candy), but when cooled rapidly it can form syrupy cotton candy (candyfloss).
Vitrification can also occur in a liquid such as water, usually through very rapid cooling or the introduction of agents that suppress the formation of ice crystals. This is i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sometimes a distinction is made between sequence coverage and physical coverage. Where sequence coverage is the average number of times a base is read, physical coverage is the average number of times a base is read or spanned by mate paired reads. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A photopolymer or light-activated resin is a polymer that changes its properties when exposed to light, often in the ultraviolet or visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These changes are often manifested structurally, for example hardening of the material occurs as a result of cross-linking when exposed to l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ligand cone angles are measures of the size of ligands in coordination chemistry. It is defined as the solid angle formed with the metal at the vertex and the hydrogen atoms at the perimeter of the cone (see figure). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mobile phase is composed primarily of supercritical carbon dioxide, but since CO on its own is too non-polar to effectively elute many analytes, cosolvents are added to modify the mobile phase polarity. Cosolvents are typically simple alcohols like methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol. Other solvents such as a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was born in Solln, a borough of Munich. His parents were Karl T. Fischer, Professor of Physics at the Technical University of Munich (TU), and Valentine née Danzer. He graduated in 1937 with Abitur. Before the completion of two years' compulsory military service, the Second World War broke out, and he served in Pol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclic compounds may or may not exhibit aromaticity; benzene is an example of an aromatic cyclic compound, while cyclohexane is non-aromatic. In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule that exhibits unusual stability as compared to other geometric or co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While working as a researcher at Humboldt University of Berlin, Speter developed methods for extracting Thorium and Scandium. In 1911 and 1912 he registered patents on these methods. In the same years he operated a laboratory for producing Tungsten paste, then used in the manufacture of Incandescent light bulb filament... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Progesterone enhances the function of serotonin receptors in the brain, so an excess or deficit of progesterone has the potential to result in significant neurochemical issues. This provides an explanation for why some people resort to substances that enhance serotonin activity such as nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In geometry, a point group is a mathematical group of symmetry operations (isometries in a Euclidean space) that have a fixed point in common. The coordinate origin of the Euclidean space is conventionally taken to be a fixed point, and every point group in dimension d is then a subgroup of the orthogonal group O(d). P... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plants rich in anthocyanins are Vaccinium species, such as blueberry, cranberry, and bilberry; Rubus berries, including black raspberry, red raspberry, and blackberry; blackcurrant, cherry, eggplant (aubergine) peel, black rice, ube, Okinawan sweet potato, Concord grape, muscadine grape, red cabbage, and violet petals.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like chemists, chemical engineers use the unit mole extensively, but different unit multiples may be more suitable for industrial use. For example, the SI unit for volume is the cubic metre, a much larger unit than the commonly used litre in the chemical laboratory. When amount of substance is also expressed in kmol (1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Negative thermal expansion (NTE) is an unusual physicochemical process in which some materials contract upon heating, rather than expand as most other materials do. The most well-known material with NTE is water at 0 to 3.98 °C. Also, the density of solid water (ice) is lower than the density of liquid water at standar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts—the chloroplasts, or more specifically, the chlorophyll in them are what make the photosynthetic parts of a plant green. The plant cells which contain chloroplasts are usually parenchyma cells, though chloroplas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process typically takes place between 900 and 1100 °C, with an anode (typically carbon) and a cathode (the oxide being reduced) in a solution of molten CaCl. Depending on the nature of the oxide it will exist at a particular potential relative to the anode, which is dependent on the quantity of CaO present in CaCl. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although there appears to be a general acceptance of the basic tenet of pharmacogenomics amongst physicians and healthcare professionals, several challenges exist that slow the uptake, implementation, and standardization of pharmacogenomics. Some of the concerns raised by physicians include:
* Limitation on how to appl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peng Sixun (; 28 July 1919 – 9 December 2018) was a Chinese medicinal chemist.
A native of Baojing County, Peng was of Tujia descent. He graduated from the National College of Pharmacy in 1942, and completed a master's degree at Columbia University in 1950. Peng returned to teach at his alma mater, which had been renam... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic process, patented in 1922, is called the Bosch–Meiser urea process after its discoverers Carl Bosch and Wilhelm Meiser. The process consists of two main equilibrium reactions, with incomplete conversion of the reactants. The first is carbamate formation: the fast exothermic reaction of liquid ammonia with gas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metabolic labeling of glycans can be used as a way to detect glycan structures. A well-known strategy involves the use of azide-labeled sugars which can be reacted using the Staudinger ligation. This method has been used for in vitro and in vivo imaging of glycans. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The book REFRESH – life extension of existing and new welded steel structures. can be ordered under the number at FOSTA – Research Association for Steel Application Association in Germany Düsseldorf.
* Stahlbau September 2009, 78-year, ISSN 0038-9145 A6449
* IIW Recommendations for the HFMI Treatment For Improving t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the United Kingdom, regulation of contaminated land comes from Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990; responsibility falls on local authorities to create a "contaminated land register". For sites with dubious past and present uses the Local Planning Authority may ask for a desktop study, which is sometim... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In one version of the laser spray interface, explosive vaporization and mist formation occur when an aqueous solution effusing from the tip of the stainless steel capillary is irradiated from the opposite side of the capillary by a 10.6 μm infrared laser. Weak ion signals could be detected when the plume was sampled th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many situations, especially for real water distribution networks in cities (which can extend between thousands to millions of nodes), the number of known variables (flow rates and/or head losses) required to obtain a deterministic solution will be very large. Many of these variables will not be known, or will involv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trimethylsilylacetylene is a commonly used reagent in Sonogashira couplings. Being a liquid it is a more convenient reagent than the gaseous acetylene, and the trimethylsilyl group prevents addition onto the other end of the acetylene group. The trimethylsilyl group can then be removed using TBAF, yielding a monosubsti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a sense, the study of biochemistry can be considered to have started in ancient times, for example when biology first began to interest society—as the ancient Chinese developed a system of medicine based on yin and yang, and also the five phases, which both resulted from alchemical and biological interests. Its begi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1909, parents sent Alexander to P. N. Strakhovs private Moscow gymnasium, which he graduated with honors. In 1917, he entered the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University. There were no entrance exams due to the passage of the revolution. Studying in this difficult time requi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kinetic models describe the particle velocity distribution function at each point in the plasma and therefore do not need to assume a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. A kinetic description is often necessary for collisionless plasmas. There are two common approaches to kinetic description of a plasma. One is based on re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At the time of development in the nineteenth century, the superscript Plimsoll symbol () was adopted to indicate the non-zero nature of the standard state. IUPAC recommends in the 3rd edition of Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry a symbol which seems to be a degree sign (°) as a substitute for the plim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Energeticism, also called energism or energetics (), is a superseded theory in science that posits that energy is the ultimate element of physical reality. Energeticism was developed during the end of the 19th century by the chemist Wilhelm Ostwald and mathematician Georg Helm. It was also promoted by physicist Ernst ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The alternative yeast nuclear code (translation table 12) is a genetic code found in certain yeasts. However, other yeast, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida azyma, Candida diversa, Candida magnoliae, Candida rugopelliculosa, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Zygoascus hellenicus, definitely use the standard (nuclear)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The CCT evolved from the archaeal thermosome ~2Gya, with the two subunits diversifying into multiple units. The CCT changed from having one type of subunit, to having two, three, five, and finally eight types. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
]In terms of thermodynamics, two types of polymorphic behaviour are recognized. For a monotropic system, plots of the free energies of the various polymorphs against temperature do not cross before all polymorphs melt. As a result, any transition from one polymorph to another below the melting point will be irreversibl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When large turbidity currents flow into canyons they may become self-sustaining, and may entrain sediment that has previously been introduced into the canyon by littoral drift, storms or smaller turbidity currents. Canyon-flushing associated with surge-type currents initiated by slope failures may produce currents who... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The purpose function of intrinsic termination is to signal for the dissociation of the ternary elongation complex (TEC), ending the transcript. Intrinsic termination independent of the protein Rho, as opposed to Rho-dependent termination, where the bacterial Rho protein comes in and acts on the RNA polymerase, causing ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Heuristically, one may seek initial positions of repelling LCSs as set of initial conditions at which infinitesimal perturbations to trajectories starting from grow locally at the highest rate relative to trajectories starting off of . The heuristic element here is that instead of constructing a highly repelling mate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The name derives from the German word umklappen (to turn over). Rudolf Peierls, in his autobiography Bird of Passage states he was the originator of this phrase and coined it during his 1929 crystal lattice studies under the tutelage of Wolfgang Pauli. Peierls wrote, "…I used the German term Umklapp (flip-over) and thi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In steel industry
There are mainly two types of MTC in steel industry, as for steel plates or steel pipes, there must be specific inspection scope or lists:
# MTC EN 10204 3.1 :MTC 3.1 is issued by the manufacturer in which they declare that the products supplied are in compliance with the requirements of the order an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical reaction engineering as a discipline started in the early 1950s under the impulse of researchers at the Shell Amsterdam research center and the university of Delft. The term chemical reaction engineering was apparently coined by J.C. Vlugter while preparing the 1st European Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are various protein targets of PCAF's acetyltransferase activity including transcription factors such as Fli1, p53 and numerous histone residues. Hdm2, itself a ubiquitin ligase that targets p53, has also been demonstrated to be a target of the ubiquitin-ligase activity of PCAF. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemosphere is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1972 by Elsevier and covering environmental chemistry. Its co-editors-in-chief are Jacob de Boer (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) and Shane Snyder (University of Arizona). The journal has a 2020 impact factor of 7.086, and is ranked 30th out of 27... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Natural fermentation predates human history. Since ancient times, humans have exploited the fermentation process. The earliest archaeological evidence of fermentation is 13,000-year-old residues of a beer, with the consistency of gruel, found in a cave near Haifa in Israel. Another early alcoholic drink, made from frui... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Differences in O solubility and measured concentration (AOU) typically occur when biological activity, ocean circulation, or ocean mixing act to change the ambient concentration of oxygen. For example, primary production liberates oxygen and increases its concentration, while respiration consumes it and decreases its c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Abdulrahman Obaid Al-Youbi (born 1958) was the president of King Abdulaziz University from June 2016 to October 2022. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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