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In forensic science, hybridization probes are used, for example, for detection of short tandem repeats (microsatellite) regions and in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods, all of which are widely used as part of DNA profiling analysis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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* Mil-PRF-5606 (originally Mil-H-5606): Mineral base, flammable, fairly low flashpoint, usable from to , red color, developed in the 1940s
* MIL-PRF-6083: Usable from −54 °C to 135 °C "where corrosion protection is required and a determination has been made that MIL-PRF-46170 (FRH) hydraulic fluid cannot be u... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sublimation sandwich method (also called the sublimation sandwich process and the sublimation sandwich technique) is a kind of physical vapor deposition used for creating man-made crystals. Silicon carbide is the most common crystal grown this way, though others crystals may also be created with it (notably galliu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Ar for any aromatic substituent (Ar is also the symbol for the element argon. However, argon is inert under all usual conditions encountered in organic chemistry, so the use of Ar to represent an aryl substituent never causes confusion.)
*Het for any heteroaromatic substituent
*Bn or Bzl for the benzyl group (not to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Configurational electronic entropy is usually observed in mixed-valence transition metal oxides, as the charges in these systems are both localized (the system is ionic), and capable of changing (due to the mixed valency). To a first approximation (i.e. assuming that the charges are distributed randomly), the molar con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Membraneless organelles (MLOs), also known as biomolecular condensates, are a form of cell compartmentalization. Unlike classic membrane-bound organelles (e.g. mitochondrion, nucleus or lysosome), MLOs are not separated from their surroundings by a lipid bilayer. MLOs are mostly composed of proteins and nucleic acids, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methylene blue is a formal derivative of phenothiazine. It is a dark green powder that yields a blue solution in water. The hydrated form has 3 molecules of water per unit of methylene blue. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
"Radon therapy" is an intentional exposure to radon via inhalation or ingestion. Nevertheless, epidemiological evidence shows a clear link between breathing high concentrations of radon and incidence of lung cancer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The effect of solvent on elimination and nucleophillic substitution reactions was originally studied by British chemists Edward D. Hughes and Christopher Kelk Ingold. Using a simple solvation model that considered only pure electrostatic interactions between ions or dipolar molecules and solvents in initial and transit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thioureas are building blocks to pyrimidine derivatives. Thus thioureas condense with β-dicarbonyl compounds. The amino group on the thiourea initially condenses with a carbonyl, followed by cyclization and tautomerization. Desulfurization delivers the pyrimidine.
Similarly, aminothiazoles can be synthesized by the rea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cold fusion researchers (McKubre since 1994, ENEA in 2011) have speculated that a cell that is loaded with a deuterium/palladium ratio lower than 100% (or 1:1) will not produce excess heat. Since most of the negative replications from 1989 to 1990 did not report their ratios, this has been proposed as an explanation fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ca ion flow regulates several secondary messenger systems in neural adaptation for visual, auditory, and the olfactory system. It may often be bound to calmodulin such as in the olfactory system to either enhance or repress cation channels. Other times the calcium level change can actually release guanylyl cyclase from... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is a two step process, reducing NO to NO then NO to NH, though the reaction may begin with NO directly. Each step is mediated by a different enzyme, the first step of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is usually mediated by a periplasmic nitrate reductase. The secon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Baylis–Hillman reaction is a route for C-C bond formation between an alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl and an aldehyde, which requires a nucleophilic catalyst, usually a tertiary amine, for a Michael-type addition and elimination. The stereoselectivity of these reactions is usually poor. Lanthanum(III)-containing C... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of hydroxyl groups belonging to neutral but polar amino acids such as serine, threonine, and tyrosine within specific target proteins is a fundamental part of the regulation of every physiologic process. Phosphorylation involves the covalent modification of the hydroxyl with a phos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Riemann problem, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a specific initial value problem composed of a conservation equation together with piecewise constant initial data which has a single discontinuity in the domain of interest. The Riemann problem is very useful for the understanding of equations like Euler conservatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several applications of spectroscopy in the fields of medicine, physics, chemistry, and astronomy. Taking advantage of the properties of absorbance and with astronomy emission, spectroscopy can be used to identify certain states of nature. The uses of spectroscopy in so many different fields and for so many... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Highly parallel identification of active, tissue-specific transcriptional enhancers in whole embryos
* Candidate enhancers activity assayed in a genomic context
* High specificity of detected enhancers | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bawendi was granted the Sloan Research Fellowship in 1994. He won the 1997 Nobel Signature Award for Graduate Education in Chemistry of American Chemical Society (ACS). In 2001, he received the Sackler Prize in Physical Chemistry of Advanced Materials. In 2006, he was awarded the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award.
He was ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The tetrathionate anion, , is a sulfur oxyanion derived from the compound tetrathionic acid, HSO. Two of the sulfur atoms present in the ion are in oxidation state 0 and two are in oxidation state +5. Alternatively, the compound can be viewed as the adduct resulting from the binding of disulfide| to SO. Tetrathionate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The exclusion zone is a large stratum (typically on the order of a few microns to a millimeter) observed in pure liquid water, from which particles of other materials in suspension are repelled. It is observed next to the surface of solid materials, e.g. the walls of the container in which the liquid water is held, or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In diffusioosmosis, for a surface at rest the velocity increases from zero at the surface to the diffusioosmotic velocity, over the width of the interface between the surface and the solution. Beyond this distance, the diffusioosmotic velocity does not vary with distance from the surface. The driving force for diffusio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polydentate ligands are chelating agents and classified by their denticity. Some atoms cannot form the maximum possible number of bonds a ligand could make. In that case one or more binding sites of the ligand are unused. Such sites can be used to form a bond with another chemical species.
* Bidentate (also called dide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microwaves are used for heating of various materials in cooking and various industrial processes. The rate of heating of the material depends on the energy absorption, which depends on the dielectric constant of the material. The dependence of dielectric constant on temperature varies for different materials; some mate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydrophobicity scales developed by physical property methods are based on the measurement of different physical properties. Examples include, partial molar heat capacity, transition temperature and surface tension. Physical methods are easy to use and flexible in terms of solute. The most popular hydrophobicity sca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetrakis(hexahydropyrimidinopyrimidine)ditungsten(II), known as ditungsten tetra(hpp), is the name of the coordination compound with the formula W(hpp). This material consists of a pair of tungsten centers linked by the conjugate base of four hexahydropyrimidopyrimidine (hpp) ligands. It adopts a structure sometimes ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The enzyme first catalyzes nucleophilic attack on the α-phosphate of ATP to form pyrophosphate and an acyl chain linked to AMP. The next step is formation of an activated thioester bond between the fatty acyl chain and Coenzyme A.
The balanced equation for the above is:
RCOO + CoASH + ATP → RCO-SCoA + AMP + PP <br />
T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A few incidents have occurred when radioactive material was disposed of improperly, shielding during transport was defective, or when it was simply abandoned or even stolen from a waste store. In the Soviet Union, waste stored in Lake Karachay was blown over the area during a dust storm after the lake had partly dried ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bole hill (also spelt bail hill) was a place where lead was formerly smelted in the open air. The bole was usually situated at or near the top of a hill where the wind was strong.
Totley Bole Hill on the western fringes of Sheffield consisted of a long low wall with two shorter walls at right angles to it at each e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydroxycorticosteroids (OHCSs) are corticosteroids that have an additional hydroxy (-OH) group.
There are two main positions where the hydroxy group may be added: at carbon atom 11, and at carbon atom 17. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The preinitiation complex (PIC) assembles in a stepwise fashion on the promoter of genes to initiate transcription. The TFIID binds to the TATA box in order to begin the assembly of the TFIIA, recruiting other transcription factors and components needed in the PIC. Data suggests that pRb is able to repress transcriptio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photolithotrophs such as plants obtain energy from light and therefore use inorganic electron donors such as water only to fuel biosynthetic reactions (e. g., carbon dioxide fixation in lithoautotrophs). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monoaminergic means "working on monoamine neurotransmitters", which include serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine.
A monoaminergic, or monoaminergic drug, is a chemical, which functions to directly modulate the serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and/or histamine neurotransmitter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A core-excited shape resonance is a shape resonance in a system with more than one degree of freedom where, after fragmentation, one of the fragments is in an excited state. It is sometimes very difficult to distinguish a core-excited shape resonance from a Feshbach resonance. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography is an analytical technique that separates and analyzes complex mixtures. It has been utilized in fields such as: flavor, fragrance, environmental studies, pharmaceuticals, petroleum products and forensic science. GCxGC provides a high range of sensitivity and produces a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The calorimeter constants are used in constant pressure calorimetry to calculate the amount of heat required to achieve a certain raise in the temperature of the calorimeter's contents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*The Ki Database is a public domain database of published binding affinities (Ki) of drugs and chemical compounds for receptors, neurotransmitter transporters, ion channels, and enzymes.
*BindingDB is a public domain database of measured binding affinities, focusing chiefly on the interactions of protein considered to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Deal–Grove model mathematically describes the growth of an oxide layer on the surface of a material. In particular, it is used to predict and interpret thermal oxidation of silicon in semiconductor device fabrication. The model was first published in 1965 by Bruce Deal and Andrew Grove of Fairchild Semiconductor, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
JNK can directly phosphorylate Bim-EL, a splicing isoform of Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), which activates Bim-EL apoptotic activity. JNK activation is required for apoptosis but c-jun, a protein in the JNK signaling pathway, is not always required. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pepper spray is banned for use in war by Article I.5 of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which bans the use of all riot control agents in warfare whether lethal or less-than-lethal. Depending on the location, it may be legal to use for self-defense. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Detailed sample preparation depends on the type of material. Pure standards are most likely to be prepared by chemical synthesis and purification and characterized by determination of remaining impurities. This is often done by commercial producers. Natural matrix CRMs (often shortened to matrix CRMs) contain an analyt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pressure transmitting medium is an important component in any high-pressure experiment. The medium fills the space within the sample chamber and applies the pressure being transmitted to the medium onto the sample. In a good high-pressure experiment, the medium should maintain a homogeneous distribution of pressure... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bian Que (Chinese: 扁鵲, Wade–Giles: Pien Chiao, ) was a legendary Chinese internist and surgeon who reportedly used general anesthesia for surgical procedures. It is recorded in the Book of Master Han Fei (), the Records of the Grand Historian (), and the Book of Master Lie' () that Bian Que gave two men, named "Lu" and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to biochemistry:
Biochemistry – study of chemical processes in living organisms, including living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The phenacyl PPG is the archetypal example of a carbonyl-based PPG. Under this motif, the PPG is attached to the protected substrate at the αβ-carbon, and can exhibit varied photodeprotection mechanisms based on the phenacyl skeleton, substrate identify and reaction conditions. Overall, phenacyl PPGs can be used to pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CdS is used as pigment in plastics, showing good thermal stability, light and weather fastness, chemical resistance and high opacity. As a pigment, CdS is known as cadmium yellow (CI pigment yellow 37). About 2000 tons are produced annually as of 1982, representing about 25% of the cadmium processed commercially. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ten communes border the Étang de Berre: Istres, Miramas, Saint-Chamas, Berre-l'Étang, Rognac, Vitrolles, Marignane, Châteauneuf-les-Martigues, Martigues and Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lignin is a complex polyphenolic macromolecule composed mainly of beta-O4-aryl linkages. After cellulose, lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer and is one of the primary structural components of most plants. It contains subunits derived from p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol and is unus... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The key concept is that larger cells tend to stay within the flowing buffer solution while smaller cells will be washed away follow the buffer solution (different sedimentation property within the buffer solution), and cells will have different sedimentation properties in different cell cycle stages.
The basic principl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In photosynthesis, state transitions are rearrangements of the photosynthetic apparatus which occur on short time-scales (seconds to minutes). The effect is prominent in cyanobacteria, whereby the phycobilisome light-harvesting antenna complexes alter their preference for transfer of excitation energy between the two ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When sound spreads out evenly in all directions in three dimensions, the intensity drops in proportion to the inverse square of the distance. However, in the ocean, there is a layer called the deep sound channel or SOFAR channel which can confine sound waves at a particular depth.
In the SOFAR channel, the speed of sou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Volga River, the longest river in Europe, drains 20% of the European land area and is the source of 80% of the Caspian's inflow. Heavy development in its lower reaches has caused numerous unregulated releases of chemical and biological pollutants. The UN Environment Programme warns that the Caspian "suffers from an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluorine-18 (F) is a fluorine radioisotope which is an important source of positrons. It has a mass of 18.0009380(6) u and its half-life is 109.771(20) minutes. It decays by positron emission 96.7% of the time and electron capture 3.3% of the time. Both modes of decay yield stable oxygen-18. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trimethylsilyldiazomethane can be prepared by treating (trimethylsilyl)methylmagnesium chloride with diphenyl phosphorazidate. The C-labeled reagent is also known. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dissociative photoionization processes can be generalized as:
If the enthalpies of formation of two of the three species are known, the third can be calculated with the help of the dissociative photoionization energy, E, using Hess's law. This approach was used, for instance, to determine the enthalpy of formation of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Named after its inventor, biologist Edwin Southern, the Southern blot is a method for probing for the presence of a specific DNA sequence within a DNA sample. DNA samples before or after restriction enzyme (restriction endonuclease) digestion are separated by gel electrophoresis and then transferred to a membrane by bl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfinic acids are oxoacids of sulfur with the structure RSO(OH). In these organosulfur compounds, sulfur is pyramidal. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Uranium in the environment is a global health concern, and comes from both natural and man-made sources. Mining, phosphates in agriculture, weapons manufacturing, and nuclear power are sources of uranium in the environment.
In the natural environment, radioactivity of uranium is generally low, but uranium is a toxic me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Double Helix (2004), a novel by Nancy Werlin, is about 18-year-old Eli Samuels, who works for a famous molecular biologist named Dr. Quincy Wyatt. There is a mysterious connection between Dr. Wyatt and Elis parents, and all Eli knows about the connection is that it has something to do with his mother, who has Huntingt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1972, Corbett was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. He was also a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA, icosapent ethyl), sold under the brand name Vascepa among others, is a medication used to treat dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia. It is used in combination with changes in diet in adults with hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 150 mg/dL. Further, it is often required to be used with a stati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Stöber-like process has been used to produce monodisperse carbon spheres using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin in place of a silica precursor. The modified process allows production of carbon spheres with smooth surfaces and a diameter ranging from 200 to 1000 nm. Unlike the silica-based Stöber process, this reaction i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The regulation of drugs varies by jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the United States, they are regulated at the national level by a single agency. In other jurisdictions, they are regulated at the state level, or at both state and national levels by various bodies, as is the case in Australia. The role of ther... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DMAP has a relatively high toxicity and is particularly dangerous because of its ability to be absorbed through the skin. It is also corrosive. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The start of the Cambrian period is marked by "fluctuations" in a number of geochemical records, including Strontium, Sulfur and Carbon isotopic excursions. While these anomalies are difficult to interpret, a number of possibilities have been put forward. They probably represent changes on a global scale, and as such... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of planets such as the Earth. What distinguishes them from other gases is that they absorb the wavelengths of radiation that a planet emits, resulting in the greenhouse effect. The Earth is warmed by sunlight, causing its surface... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Le Fevre was an able chemist and a lucid, learned, and accurate author. He wrote:
*Traité de la Chymie: A Compendious Body of Chymistry: Wherein is contained whatsoever is necessary for the attaining to the curious knowledge of this Art; Comprehending in general the whole practice thereof: and teaching the most exact p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ballentine has shown that by measuring noble gas isotopes, he can identify and quantify the processes controlling the origin, migration, and interaction of subsurface water, hydrocarbons, and fluids.
He has applied noble gas tools and principles to understand how natural gas fields form inside Earth, the role of ground... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Water is miscible with many liquids, including ethanol in all proportions. Water and most oils are immiscible, usually forming layers according to increasing density from the top. This can be predicted by comparing the polarity. Water being a relatively polar compound will tend to be miscible with liquids of high polar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Properties of materials such as electrical conduction and heat capacity are investigated by solid state physics. An early model of electrical conduction was the Drude model, which applied kinetic theory to the electrons in a solid. By assuming that the material contains immobile positive ions and an "electron gas" of c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Donald James Cram (April 22, 1919 – June 17, 2001) was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity." They were the founders of the field of host–guest ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Every polyhedron has a dihedral angle at every edge describing the relationship of the two faces that share that edge. This dihedral angle, also called the face angle, is measured as the internal angle with respect to the polyhedron. An angle of 0° means the face normal vectors are antiparallel and the faces overlap ea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gay-Lussacs law usually refers to Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussacs law of combining volumes of gases, discovered in 1808 and published in 1809. However, it sometimes refers to the proportionality of the volume of a gas to its absolute temperature at constant pressure. The latter law was published by Gay-Lussac in 1802, but i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since 1975 ion chromatography has been widely used in many branches of industry. The main beneficial advantages are reliability, very good accuracy and precision, high selectivity, high speed, high separation efficiency, and low cost of consumables. The most significant development related to ion chromatography are new... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrophobic forces are the attractive entropic forces between any two hydrophobic groups in aqueous media, e.g. the forces between two long hydrocarbon chains in aqueous solutions. The magnitude of these forces depends on the hydrophobicity of the interacting groups as well as the distance separating them (they are fou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, charge-transfer (CT) complex, or electron donor-acceptor complex, describes a type of supramolecular assembly of two or more molecules or ions. The assembly consists of two molecules that self-attract through electrostatic forces, i.e., one has at least partial negative charge and the partner has partial... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adverse effects are similar to oxcarbazepine. The most common ones (more than 10% of patients) are tiredness and dizziness. Other fairly common side effects (1 to 10%) include impaired coordination, gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, rash (1.1%), and hyponatremia (low sodium blood levels... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In isochromat mode, the incident electron energy is ramped and the emitted photons are detected at a fixed energy that is determined by the photon detector. Typically, an I gas filled Geiger-Müller tube with an entrance window of either SrF or CaF is used as the photon detector. The combination of window and filling ga... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In contrast to other gas components, water content in air, or humidity, to a higher degree depends on vaporization and condensation from or into water, which, in turn, mainly depends on temperature. Therefore, when applying more pressure to a gas saturated with water, all components will initially decrease in volume ap... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
para-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is an organic compound containing amine and aldehyde moieties which is used in Ehrlichs reagent and Kovacs reagent to test for indoles. The carbonyl group typically reacts with the electron rich 2-position of the indole but may also react at the C-3 or N-1 positions. It may also be used ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Emerson Cavitation Tunnel consists of a water circuit which flows in the vertical plane, within which propellers and other propulsion devices can be tested. The system is powered by a pump, with a four-bladed impeller and can produce a maximum water velocity of . The test area has a cross sectional area of allowi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Databases and computational tools for mimotopes have been an important part of phage display study. Databases, programs and web servers have been widely used to exclude target-unrelated peptides, characterize small molecules-protein interactions and map protein-protein interactions. Users can use three dimensional stru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most common F-gases are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which contain hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon. They are used in a multitude of applications including commercial refrigeration, industrial refrigeration, air-conditioning systems, heat pump equipment, and as blowing agents for foams, fire extinguishants, aerosol pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Co-rotating twin screw extruders: The polymer solution is brought into a co-rotating twin screw extruders, where it is subjected to shear and mechanical energy input and where vapors are drawn off. This type of machine allows different pressures in different zones. An advantage is the self-cleaning action of those ex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bulk carbon-13 for commercial use, e.g. in chemical synthesis, is enriched from its natural 1% abundance. Although carbon-13 can be separated from the major carbon-12 isotope via techniques such as thermal diffusion, chemical exchange, gas diffusion, and laser and cryogenic distillation, currently only cryogenic distil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1802 Éleuthère Irénée du Pont, who had emigrated from France after the French Revolution, founded a company to produce gunpowder called E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (commonly referred to as DuPont) in Brandywine Creek, near Wilmington, Delaware. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The alchemical tradition sought to turn the "base metal", lead, into gold. As a nuclear transmutation, it requires far less energy to turn gold into lead; for example, this would occur via neutron capture and beta decay if gold were left in a nuclear reactor for a sufficiently long period of time. Glenn Seaborg succeed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One particular metallofullerene with gadolinium at its core is up to 40 times better as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging scans for diagnostic imaging. Metallofullerenes may also provide ways to carry therapeutic radioactive ions to cancerous tissue. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The origin of the stereographic projection is not known, but it is believed to have been discovered by Ancient Greek astronomers and used for projecting the celestial sphere to the plane so that the motions of stars and planets could be analyzed using plane geometry. Its earliest extant description is found in Ptolemys... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aluminium alloys are anodized to increase corrosion resistance and to allow dyeing (colouring), improved lubrication, or improved adhesion. However, anodizing does not increase the strength of the aluminium object. The anodic layer is insulative.
When exposed to air at room temperature, or any other gas containing oxyg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Collision theory is a principle of chemistry used to predict the rates of chemical reactions. It states that when suitable particles of the reactant hit each other with the correct orientation, only a certain amount of collisions result in a perceptible or notable change; these successful changes are called successful... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Based on the sequencing approach used, the 5’ and 3’ adaptor sequences used to tag the cDNA library can be altered as needed. Previously, dual adapter-tagged cDNA libraries have been characterized using Illumina NGS. Low-cycle PCR can also be used to index universal adaptor cDNA libraries following the RT reaction. Alt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biological sequestration of carbon causes enrichment of carbon-12, so that substances that originate from living organisms have a higher carbon-12 content. Due to the kinetic isotope effect, chemical reactions can happen faster with lighter isotopes, so that photosynthesis fixes lighter carbon-12 faster than carbon-13.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Department of Pharmacology at the University College London, the first of its kind in England, was founded in 1905 and remained in existence until 2007. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MIKE 21 is a computer program that simulates flows, waves, sediments and ecology in rivers, lakes, estuaries, bays, coastal areas and seas in two dimensions. It was developed by DHI. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some aldehydes are substrates for aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes which metabolize aldehydes in the body. There are toxicities associated with some aldehydes that are related to neurodegenerative disease, heart disease, and some types of cancer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pseudoephedrine (PSE) is a sympathomimetic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant, or as a wakefulness-promoting agent in higher doses.
It was first characterized in 1889 by the German chemists Ladenburg and Oelschlägel, who used a sampl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Except for some refinements, little has changed since Jacksons 1957 assessment of the feasibility of muon-catalyzed fusion other than Vesmans 1967 prediction of the hyperfine resonant formation of the muonic (d–μ–t) molecular ion which was subsequently experimentally observed. This helped spark renewed interest in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recent research suggests that patients with elevated basal levels of CRP are at an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. A study of over 700 nurses showed that those in the highest quartile of trans fat consumption had blood levels of CRP that were 73% higher than those in the lowest quar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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