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Hydroperoxides are intermediates in the production of many organic compounds in industry. For example, the cobalt catalyzed oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone:
Drying oils, as found in many paints and varnishes, function via the formation of hydroperoxides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of a reversible reaction was introduced by Claude Louis Berthollet in 1803, after he had observed the formation of sodium carbonate crystals at the edge of a salt lake (one of the natron lakes in Egypt, in limestone):
:2NaCl + CaCO → NaCO + CaCl
He recognized this as the reverse of the familiar reaction
: N... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As discussed previously, biomaterials are used in medical devices to treat, assist, or replace a function within the human body. The application of a specific biomaterial must combine the necessary composition, material properties, structure, and desired in vivo reaction in order to perform the desired function. Catego... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* In Iceland the company Carbon Recycling International operates a plant for production of e-Methanol of CO from a geothermal plant with a methanol manufacturing capacity of more than 4000 t/a. The plant was named after George Olah.
* BioMCN from Netherlands has a production capacity of more than 60 000 t/a for product... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pancratistatin (PST) is a natural compound initially extracted from spider lily, a Hawaiian native plant of the family Amaryllidaceae (AMD). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At temperatures above −35.9 °C, xenon tetroxide is very prone to explosion, decomposing into xenon and oxygen gases with ΔH = −643 kJ/mol:
:XeO → Xe + 2 O
Xenon tetroxide dissolves in water to form perxenic acid and in alkalis to form perxenate salts:
:XeO + 2 HO → HXeO
:XeO + 4 NaOH → NaXeO + 2 HO
Xenon tetroxide can ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) funded the "SanRes R&D programme" during 1993 to 2001 which lay the foundation for the subsequent "EcoSanRes programme" carried out by Stockholm Environment Institute (2002–2011). A publication by Sida called "Ecological sanitation" in 1998 compiled the kn... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trefonas joined MEMC Electronic Materials in late 1984. In 1986, he and others co-founded Aspect Systems Inc., utilizing photolithography technology acquired from MEMC. Trefonas worked at Aspect from 1986-1989. Then, through a succession of company acquisitions, he moved to Shipley Company (1990-2000), Rohm and Haas ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, a wake may either be:
* the region of recirculating flow immediately behind a moving or stationary blunt body, caused by viscosity, which may be accompanied by flow separation and turbulence, or
* the wave pattern on the water surface downstream of an object in a flow, or produced by a moving object ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In geometry, the trihexagonal tiling is one of 11 uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane by regular polygons. It consists of equilateral triangles and regular hexagons, arranged so that each hexagon is surrounded by triangles and vice versa. The name derives from the fact that it combines a regular hexagonal tiling and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tribocorrosion is a material degradation process due to the combined effect of corrosion and wear. The name tribocorrosion expresses the underlying disciplines of tribology and corrosion. Tribology is concerned with the study of friction, lubrication and wear (its name comes from the Greek "tribo" meaning to rub) and c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The context of a photogeochemical reaction is implicitly the surface of Earth, since that is where sunlight is available (although other sources of light such as chemiluminescence would not be strictly excluded from photogeochemical study). Reactions may occur among components of land such as rocks, soil and detritus; ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Corpuscularianism remained a dominant theory for centuries and was blended with alchemy by early scientists such as Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton in the 17th century. In his work The Sceptical Chymist (1661), Boyle abandoned the Aristotelian ideas of the classical elements—earth, water, air, and fire—in favor of corpus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1970, Wanzlick's group generated imidazol-2-ylidene carbenes by the deprotonation of an imidazolium salt. Wanzlick as well as Roald Hoffmann, proposed that these imidazole-based carbenes should be more stable than their 4,5-dihydro analogues, due to Hückel-type aromaticity. Wanzlick did not however isolate imidazol-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In rainbow trout as well as a variety of other teleosts, increased RBC pH stems from the activation of B-andrenergic exchange protein (BNHE) on the RBC membrane via circulating catelcholamines. This process causes the internal pH of the RBC to increase through the outwards movement of and inwards movement of . The ne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Second sound is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which heat transfer occurs by wave-like motion, rather than by the more usual mechanism of diffusion. Heat takes the place of pressure in normal sound waves. This leads to a very high thermal conductivity. It is known as "second sound" because the wave motion of heat i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [Si]
* [Si]
* [Si]
* [Si]
* [Ge]
* [Ge]
* [Ge]
* [Sn]
* [Sn]
* [Pb]
* [Pb]
* [P]
* [P]
* [P]
* [As]
* [As]
* [Sb]
* [Sb]
* [Bi]
* [Bi]
* [Bi] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the gas phase at ultralow pressures, single-molecule experiments have been around for decades, but in the condensed phase only since 1989 with the work by W. E. Moerner and Lothar Kador. One year later, Michel Orrit and Jacky Bernard were able to show also the detection of the absorption of single molecules by their... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Nyāya metaphysics recognizes sixteen padarthas or categories and includes all six (or seven) categories of the Vaisheshika in the second one of them, called prameya.
These sixteen categories are:
#pramāṇa (valid means of knowledge or knowledge sources),
#prameya (objects of valid knowledge),
#saṁśaya (doubt),
#pray... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Applied spectroscopy is the application of various spectroscopic methods for the detection and identification of different elements or compounds to solve problems in fields like forensics, medicine, the oil industry, atmospheric chemistry, and pharmacology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many kinds of paints and inks—e.g., plastisols used in silkscreen textile printing—exhibit thixotropic qualities. In many cases it is desirable for the fluid to flow sufficiently to form a uniform layer, then to resist further flow, thereby preventing sagging on a vertical surface. Some other inks, such as those used i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sizing of a UV system is affected by three variables: flow rate, lamp power, and UV transmittance in the water. Manufacturers typically developed sophisticated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models validated with bioassay testing. This involves testing the UV reactor's disinfection performance with either MS2 or T1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The United States Radium Corporation was a company, most notorious for its operations between the years 1917 to 1926 in Orange, New Jersey, in the United States that led to stronger worker protection laws. After initial success in developing a glow-in-the-dark radioactive paint, the company was subject to several lawsu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Association of Public Analysts (APA) is a UK professional association for public analysts. It was founded in 1954, although an earlier body, the Society of Public Analysts, was founded in 1874, became the Society for Analytical Chemistry, and was one of the bodies which merged to form the Royal Society of Chemistr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A scintillation detector or scintillation counter is obtained when a scintillator is coupled to an electronic light sensor such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT), photodiode, or silicon photomultiplier. PMTs absorb the light emitted by the scintillator and re-emit it in the form of electrons via the photoelectric effect.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The liquid droplet radiator (LDR) system consists of a droplet generator, a collector, a heat exchanger, a recirculating pump, and a bellows-type pressure regulator (accumulator).
While undergoing a reduction in pressure the saturated liquid is sprayed into space as coherent streams of tiny, discrete droplets.
The dr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The location of spliceosomal activity for the minor class spliceosome is regarded by most experts to be in the nucleus. However, a single paper has claimed that the minor spliceosome is active in the cytosol. The data presented within this paper are not fully accepted within the field and directly contradict numerous... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Despite the many honours that Meitner received in her lifetime, she did not receive the Nobel Prize while it was awarded to Otto Hahn for the discovery of nuclear fission. She was nominated 49 times for Physics and Chemistry Nobel Prizes but never won. On 15 November 1945, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Equilibrium constants are determined in order to quantify chemical equilibria. When an equilibrium constant is expressed as a concentration quotient,
it is implied that the activity quotient is constant. For this assumption to be valid, equilibrium constants must be determined in a medium of relatively high ionic st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The tetranucleotide hypothesis of Phoebus Levene proposed that DNA was composed of repeating sequences of four nucleotides. It was very influential for three decades, and was developed by Levene at least into the 1910, and the diagram at the right illustrates the view of Levene and Tipson. In 1940, at the time of Leven... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to create a coherent pattern, a material surface should exert a sustained and consistent action on nearby trajectories throughout the time interval . Examples of such action are attraction, repulsion, or shear. In principle, any well-defined mathematical property qualifies that creates coherent patterns out o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In contrast to catabolic pathways, anabolic pathways require an energy input to construct macromolecules such as polypeptides, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. The isolated reaction of anabolism is unfavorable in a cell due to a positive Gibbs Free Energy (+ΔG). Thus, an input of chemical energy th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Beyond arranging lipids in a way that reduces surface tension, SP-B actually directly interferes with attractive forces between water molecules. This disruption in the cohesion of water minimizes further the surface tension at the gas/fluid interface. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1625, Sala pursued his research interests in conjunction with his service as the personal physician. His research and discoveries led to a better understanding of chemical reactions and the realisation that some substances are composed of chemical combinations of other substances.
Sala's discovery of light-sensitiv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of sulphuric acid, hydrogen sulfide and hydrochloric acid into the atmosphere. These gases represent aerosols and eventually return to earth as acid rain, having a number of adverse effects on the environment and human life.
*Aerosols interact with the Earth's energy budget in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In benzo-homologated purines (xA and xG), the benzene ring is bound to the nitrogenous base through nitrogen-carbon (N-C) bonds. Benzo-homologated pyrimidines are formed through carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds between the base and the benzene. Thus far, x-nucleobases have been added to strands of DNA using phosphoramidite de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gurgling is a characteristic sound made by unstable two-phase fluid flow, for example, as liquid is poured from a bottle, or during gargling. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
β-Hydride elimination is a reaction in which an alkyl group bonded to a metal centre is converted into the corresponding metal-bonded hydride and an alkene. The alkyl must have hydrogens on the β-carbon. For instance butyl groups can undergo this reaction but methyl groups cannot. The metal complex must have an empty (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As SPR allows real-time monitoring, individual steps in sequential binding events can be thoroughly assessed when investigating the suitability between antibodies in a sandwich configuration. Additionally, it allows the mapping of epitopes as antibodies of overlapping epitopes will be associated with an attenuated sign... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Britannia metal was first produced in 1769 or 1770. James Vickers created it after purchasing the formula from a dying friend. It was originally known as "Vickers White Metal" when made under contract by the Sheffield manufacturers Ebenezer Hancock and Richard Jessop. In 1776 James Vickers took over the manufacturing h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A DNA transcription unit encoding for a protein may contain both a coding sequence, which will be translated into the protein, and regulatory sequences, which direct and regulate the synthesis of that protein. The regulatory sequence before (upstream from) the coding sequence is called the five prime untranslated regio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A central concept in NMR is the precession of the spin magnetization around the magnetic field at the nucleus, with the angular frequency where relates to the oscillation frequency and B is the magnitude of the field. This means that the spin magnetization, which is proportional to the sum of the spin vectors of nuc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The original theory from 1927 of nucleation in nanoparticle formation was Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). It was believed that the changes in particle size could be described by burst nucleation alone. In 1950, Viktor LaMer used CNT as the nucleation basis for his model of nanoparticle growth. There are three portio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polyfunctional ligands can attach to metals in many ways and thus can bridge metals in diverse ways, including sharing of one atom or using several atoms. Examples of such polyatomic ligands are the oxoanions and the related carboxylates, , and the polyoxometalates. Several organophosphorus ligands have been developed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a stationary vortex, the typical streamline (a line that is everywhere tangent to the flow velocity vector) is a closed loop surrounding the axis; and each vortex line (a line that is everywhere tangent to the vorticity vector) is roughly parallel to the axis. A surface that is everywhere tangent to both flow veloci... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prostaglandins are formed through oxidation of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases and other prostaglandin synthases. There are currently nine known G-protein coupled receptors (eicosanoid receptors) that largely mediate prostaglandin physiology (although some prostaglandins activate nuclear receptors, see below). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal ions can be described as consisting of series of two concentric coordination spheres, the first and second. More distant from the second coordination sphere, the solvent molecules behave more like "bulk solvent." Simulation of the second coordination sphere is of interest in computational chemistry. The second c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Black oxide for copper, sometimes known by the trade name Ebonol C, converts the copper surface to cupric oxide. For the process to work the surface has to have at least 65% copper; for copper surfaces that have less than 90% copper it must first be pretreated with an activating treatment. The finished coating is chemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, the aromatic amino acids, arise from chorismate. The first step, condensation of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate (DAHP) from PEP/E4P, uses three isoenzymes AroF, AroG, and AroH. Each one of these has its synthesis regulated from tyrosine, phenylalanine, and trypt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The plate count method relies on bacteria growing a colony on a nutrient medium so that the colony becomes visible to the naked eye and the number of colonies on a plate can be counted. To be effective, the dilution of the original sample must be arranged so that on average between 30 and 300 colonies of the target bac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enantioselective carbonyl allylations are frequently applied to the synthesis of polyketide natural products. In 1978, Hoffmann reported the first asymmetric carbonyl allylation using a chiral allylmetal reagent, an allylborane derived from camphor. Subsequently, other chiral allylmetal reagents were developed by Kumad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Receptor desensitization is mediated through a combination phosphorylation, β-arr binding, and endocytosis as described above. Downregulation occurs when endocytosed receptor is embedded in an endosome that is trafficked to merge with an organelle called a lysosome. Because lysosomal membranes are rich in proton pumps,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to X-ray crystallography the linkage is linear in typical diazonium salts. The bond distance in benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate is 1.083(3) Å, which is almost identical to that for dinitrogen molecule (N≡N).
The linear free energy constants σ and σ indicate that the diazonium group is strongly electron-w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Klaus Schmiegel (born June 28, 1939), is a German chemist best known for his work in organic chemistry, which led to the invention of Prozac, a widely used antidepressant. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The rocks on the plains of Gusev are a type of basalt. They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs).
Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Firefly luciferin (also known as beetle luciferin) is the luciferin, or light-emitting compound, used for the firefly (Lampyridae), railroad worm (Phengodidae), starworm (Rhagophthalmidae), and click-beetle (Pyrophorini) bioluminescent systems. It is the substrate of luciferase (EC 1.13.12.7), which is responsible for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A – [https://link.springer.com/search?query=&search-within=Journal&facet-journal-id=11661&package=openaccessarticles open access articles]
*Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B – [https://link.springer.com/search?query=&search-within=Journal&facet-journal-id=11663&package... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using truncated BET theory (the gas adsorption theory developed by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller), Seah and Hondros write the solid-state analogue as:
where
is the solid solubility, which is known for many elements (and can be found in metallurgical handbooks). In the dilute limit, a slightly soluble substance has , s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The HEC-Meeting dates back to an initiative in the year 1998 of Manfred Weiss and Rolf Hilgenfeld, who were researchers at the Institute for Molecular Biotechnology (IMB) in Jena and intended to establish a meeting format similar to the [http://regiomeeting.eu/ Rhine-Knee Regional Meeting on Structural Biology] in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Mpemba effect is the name given to the observation that a liquid (typically water) which is initially hot can freeze faster than the same liquid which begins cold, under otherwise similar conditions. There is disagreement about its theoretical basis and the parameters required to produce the effect.
The Mpemba effe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fulmer benefited from the immediate post-war climate which was favourable to Research and Development. The UK Government and its agencies continued to spend heavily on R&D. This was despite the fact that Britain was essentially bankrupt and hugely indebted to the United States and Canada. The technological advances wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Expanded polyethylene (aka EPE foam) refers to foams made from polyethylene. Typically it is made from expanded pellets (EPE bead) made with use of a blowing agent, followed by expansion into a mold in a steam chest - the process is similar to that used to make expanded polystyrene foam. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glass ionomer cement is primarily used in the prevention of dental caries. This dental material has good adhesive bond properties to tooth structure, allowing it to form a tight seal between the internal structures of the tooth and the surrounding environment. Dental caries are caused by bacterial production of acid du... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*2000: L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science
*2007: Order of Mapungubwe - Silver
*2013: Christophe Mérieux Prize
*2018: Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The material may be solid, liquid, gas, a material of some intermediate characteristics such as gel or sputum, tissue, organism, or a combination of these. Even if a material sample is not countable as individual items, the quantity of the sample may still be describable in terms of its volume, mass, size, or other suc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The only chemical elements that are stable diatomic homonuclear molecular gases at STP are hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and two halogens: fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl). When grouped with the monatomic noble gases – helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn) – th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The many examples of implant failure include rupture of silicone breast implants, hip replacement joints, and artificial heart valves, such as the Bjork–Shiley valve, all of which have caused FDA intervention. The consequences of implant failure depend on the nature of the implant and its position in the body. Thus, he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Upon introducing surfactants (or any surface active materials) into a system, they will initially partition into the interface, reducing the system free energy by:
# lowering the energy of the interface (calculated as area times surface tension), and
# removing the hydrophobic parts of the surfactant from contact with ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In dehydrohalogenation reactions, the halogen and an adjacent proton are removed from halocarbons, thus forming an alkene. For example, with bromoethane and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in ethanol, the hydroxide ion HO abstracts a hydrogen atom. A Bromide ion is then lost, resulting in ethene, HO and NaBr. Thus, haloalkane... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the triflyl group (systematic name: trifluoromethanesulfonyl group) is a functional group with the formula and structure . The triflyl group is often represented by –Tf.
The related triflate group (trifluoromethanesulfonate) has the formula , and is represented by –OTf. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IChemE has two main types of membership, qualified and non-qualified, with the technician member grade being available in both categories.
Qualified membership grades.
Fellow – A chemical engineering professional in a very senior position in industry and/or academia. Entitling the holder to the post-nominal FIChemE and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
eIF2 activity is regulated by a mechanism involving both guanine nucleotide exchange and phosphorylation. Phosphorylation takes place at the α-subunit, which is a target for a number of serine kinases that phosphorylate serine 51. Those kinases act as a result of stress such as amino acid deprivation (GCN2), ER stress ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Case A – Antipsychotic adverse reaction
Patient A has schizophrenia. Their treatment included a combination of ziprasidone, olanzapine, trazodone and benztropine. The patient experienced dizziness and sedation, so they were tapered off ziprasidone and olanzapine, and transitioned to quetiapine. Trazodone was discontinu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition, some carbamates are used in human pharmacotherapy, for example, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors neostigmine and rivastigmine, whose chemical structure is based on the natural alkaloid physostigmine. Other examples are meprobamate and its derivatives like carisoprodol, felbamate, mebutamate, phenprobama... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Scaffold materials are designed to enhance tissue formation through control of the local and surrounding environments. Scaffolds are critical in regulating cellular growth and provide a volume in which vascularization and stem cell differentiation can occur. Scaffold geometry significantly affects tissue differentiatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A tire (in American English and Canadian English) or tyre (in British English, New Zealand English, Australian English and others) is a ring-shaped covering that fits around a wheel rim to protect it and enable better vehicle performance by providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock while keeping the wheel in clos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The simplest model for describing an inhomogeneous structure is a double layer arrangement, where each layer is characterized by its permittivity and its conductivity . The relaxation time for such an arrangement is given by
Importantly, since the materials' conductivities are in general frequency dependent, this sho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry and materials science, molecular self-assembly is the process by which molecules adopt a defined arrangement without guidance or management from an outside source. There are two types of self-assembly: intermolecular and intramolecular. Commonly, the term molecular self-assembly refers to the former, while... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IL-20 - induces cheratin proliferation and Stat-3 signal transduction pathway; is expressed in the CNS, myeloid cells, and keratinocytes. When IL-20 is inhibited in the CNS can stop such inflammations as acute ischemic brain injury. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The psychedelic drug (or entheogen) lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was first synthesized on November 16, 1938, by the Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann in the Sandoz laboratories in Basel, Switzerland. It was not until five years later on April 19, 1943, that the psychedelic properties were found. Today, the discovery of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrowinning, also called electroextraction, is the electrodeposition of metals from their ores that have been put in solution via a process commonly referred to as leaching. Electrorefining uses a similar process to remove impurities from a metal. Both processes use electroplating on a large scale and are important ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As it is known that survivin is over-expressed in most cancers, which may be contributing to the cancer cells' resistance to apoptotic stimuli from the environment. The use of antisense survivin therapy hopes to render cancer cells susceptible to apoptosis by eliminating survivin expression in the cancer cells.
Olie et... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Historically Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) have been used in industries such as paints and coatings where understanding and controlling solvent–polymer interactions was vital. Over the years their use has been extended widely to applications such as:
* Environmental stress cracking of polymers
* Controlled dispers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and indeed, a nation's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial strength. World production in the year 2004 was about 180 million tonnes, with the following geographic distribution: Asia 35%, North America (including Mexico) 24%, Africa 11%, We... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
About 164,000,000 tons were produced in 2019. It is obtained as the "heavy" (i.e., difficult to distill) fraction. Material with a boiling point greater than around 500 °C is considered asphalt. Vacuum distillation separates it from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel). The resulting... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Food: Biopolymers are being used in the food industry for things like packaging, edible encapsulation films and coating foods. Polylactic acid (PLA) is very common in the food industry due to is clear color and resistance to water. However, most polymers have a hydrophilic nature and start deteriorating when exposed to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thomas Shirley Hele, OBE, MD, FRCP (b Carlisle 24 October 1881 – d Cambridge 23 January 1953) was an academic in the 20th century.
Hele was educated at Carlisle Grammar School ; Sedbergh School; Emmanuel College, Cambridge (Fellow, 1911); and Barts. He was University Lecturer in Biochemistry from 1921; Tutor at Emmanue... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pharmacokinetic properties of sitagliptin and vildagliptin appear unaffected by age, sex or BMI. Clinical researches have shown that sitagliptin and vildagliptin do not have the side effects that tend to follow type 2 diabetes treatment, e.g. weight gain and hyperglycemia, but however, other side effects have been ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, peroxydicarbonate (sometimes peroxodicarbonate) is a divalent anion with the chemical formula . It is one of the oxocarbon anions, which consist solely of carbon and oxygen. Its molecular structure can be viewed as two carbonate anions joined so as to form a peroxide bridge –O–O–.
The anion is formed, tog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reverse electrodialysis is a technology based on membranes which gets electricity from a mixing of two water streams with different salinities. It commonly uses anion exchange membranes (AEM) and cation exchange membranes (CEM). AEMs are used to allow the pass of anions and obstruct the pass of cations and CEMs are use... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kantrowitz limit has many applications in gas dynamics of inlet flow, including jet engines and rockets operating at high-subsonic and supersonic velocities, and high-speed transportation systems such as the Hyperloop. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transuranic waste (TRUW) as defined by U.S. regulations is, without regard to form or origin, waste that is contaminated with alpha-emitting transuranic radionuclides with half-lives greater than 20 years and concentrations greater than 100 nCi/g (3.7 MBq/kg), excluding high-level waste. Elements that have an atomic nu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Firesetting is the process of exposing a rock face to high temperatures to induce cracking, spalling, and an overall increase to the brittleness of the rock in order to make it more susceptible to mining processes. Understanding the process of firesetting has been a crucial element to the development of an archaeologi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ghosh has contributed to many areas of porphyrin-related research. His early contributions include the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study short-strong hydrogen bonds in porphyrin-type molecules and also some of the first large-scale ab initio calculations applied to porphyrins and other bioinorganic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hash oil or cannabis oil is an oleoresin obtained by the extraction of cannabis or hashish. It is a cannabis concentrate containing many of its resins and terpenes – in particular, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids. Hash oil is usually consumed by smoking, vaporizing or eating. Prepa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
α,β-Unsaturated thioesters are intermediates in several enzymatic processes. Two prominent examples are coumaroyl-coenzyme A and crotonyl-coenzyme A. They arise by the action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a required co-factor. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anders Gustav Ekeberg was a Swedish scientist, mathematician and expert in Greek literature.
His father, Joseph Erik Ekeberg, was a shipbuilder. His uncle was Carl Gustaf Ekeberg.
Anders Gustav Ekeberg attended school at Kalmar, Söderåkra, Vestervik, and Karlskrona.
He was a gifted student and enrolled at Uppsala Un... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solder bumping technology (the process of joining a chip to a substrate without shorting using solder) was first conceived and implemented by IBM in the early 1960s. Three versions of this type of solder joining were developed. The first was to embed copper balls in the solder bumps to provide a positive stand-off. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first consumer commercial application was a shape-memory coupling for piping, e.g. oil pipe lines, for industrial applications, water pipes and similar types of piping for consumer/commercial applications. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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