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This involved the development and integration of an automated spotting system to spot multiple single molecules on a slide (like a microarray) for parallel enzymatic processing, automated fluorescence microscopy for image acquisition, image procession vision to handle images, algorithms for optical map construction, cl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA (MG-CoA), also known as β-methylglutaconyl-CoA, is an intermediate in the metabolism of leucine. It is metabolized into HMG-CoA. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Arrhenius theory, acids are defined as substances that dissociate in aqueous solutions to give H (hydrogen ions or protons), while bases are defined as substances that dissociate in aqueous solutions to give OH (hydroxide ions).
In 1923 physical chemists Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted in Denmark and Thomas Martin Lo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another regulatory element located upstream of the gene is an enhancer. Enhancers function as a "turn on" switch in gene expression and will activate the promoter region of a particular gene while silencers act as the "turn off" switch. Though these two regulatory elements work against each other, both sequence types a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For pure elements or compounds, e.g. pure copper, pure water, etc. the liquidus and solidus are at the same temperature, and the term melting point may be used.
There are also some mixtures which melt at a particular temperature, known as congruent melting. One example is eutectic mixture. In a eutectic system, there i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of microorganisms to degrade PCBs from contaminated sites, relying on multiple microorganisms co-metabolism, is known as bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl. Some micro-organisms degrade PCBs by reducing the C-Cl bonds. Microbial dechlorination tends to be rather slow-acting in comparison to other method... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The entrance to the active site for this enzyme is made up mainly of several arginine, histidine, serine, and aspartate side-chains, with a glutamate side-chain playing a secondary role. These side-chains, to be specific Arg359, Arg528, His469, and Ser386, are conserved within each transketolase enzyme and interact wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ocean acidification is caused by the equilibration of the atmosphere with the ocean, a process that occurs worldwide. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere equilibrates and dissolves into the ocean. During this reaction, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid. The carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mediator was originally discovered because it was important for RNA polymerase II function, but it has many more functions than just interactions at the transcription start site. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the periodogram approach to calculating the power spectra, the sample autocorrelation function is multiplied by some window function and then Fourier transformed. The window is applied to provide statistical stability as well as to avoid leakage from other parts of the spectrum. However, the window limits the spectr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1966-1979: University of Vienna<br />
Starting in 1966 Falk was an assistant at the [http://www.univie.ac.at/orgchem/ Institute of Organic Chemistry] at the University of Vienna. In 1975 he was promoted to associate professor of physical organic chemistry at the University of Vienna. In the summer of 1978 Falk was inv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Of the three types of naturally occurring radioactivities (α, β, and γ), only alpha decay is a type of decay resulting from the nuclear strong force. The other proton and neutron decays occurred much earlier in the life of the atomic species and before the earth was formed. Thus, alpha decay can be considered either a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mixtures of different solvents can have interesting features like anomalous conductivity (electrolytic) of particular lyonium ions and lyate ions generated by molecular autoionization of protic and aprotic solvents due to Grotthuss mechanism of ion hopping depending on the mixing ratios. Examples may include hydronium ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The CD V-710 was another high range survey meter, however, unlike the CD V-720, CD V-715, and CD V-717 its scale is only 0-50 R/H (0-0.5, 0–5, and 0-50) making it more of a mid range meter, however it is still far too high to respond to any exempt sources. The CD V-710 was made in 5 different versions from 1955 to at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term molecular recognition refers to the specific interaction between two or more molecules through noncovalent bonding such as hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, π-π interactions, halogen bonding, or resonant interaction
effects. In addition to these direct interactio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A DNA machine is a molecular machine constructed from DNA. Research into DNA machines was pioneered in the late 1980s by Nadrian Seeman and co-workers from New York University. DNA is used because of the numerous biological tools already found in nature that can affect DNA, and the immense knowledge of how DNA works p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carmalt was made a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellow at University College London in 1997. She has held many positions at UCL, including lecturer, professor, vice dean and eventually Head of Department. When she was made Head of Department in 2016 she was the first woman to hold the position.
Carnalt specia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arsenicals are chemical compounds that contain arsenic. In a military context, the term arsenical refer to toxic arsenic compounds that are used as chemical warfare agents. This include blister agents, blood agents and vomiting agents. Historically, they were used extensively as insecticides, especially lead arsenate. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Conodont Alteration Index (CAI) is used to estimate the maximum temperature reached by a sedimentary rock using thermal alteration of conodont fossils. Conodonts in fossiliferous carbonates are prepared by dissolving the matrix with weak acid, since the conodonts are composed of apatite and thus do not dissolve as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The equation is derived by solving a linearized version of the Navier–Stokes equation for the perturbation velocity field
where is the unperturbed or basic flow. The perturbation velocity has the wave-like solution (real part understood). Using this knowledge, and the streamfunction representation for the flow, th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioreactor landfills accelerate the process of decomposition. As decomposition progresses, the mass of biodegradable components in the landfill declines, creating more space for dumping garbage. Bioreactor landfills are expected to increase this rate of decomposition and save up to 30% of space needed for landfills. Wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tributyltin azide is an organotin compound with the formula (CH)SnN. It is a colorless solid although older samples can appear as yellow oils. The compound is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kenneth John Packer FRS (18 May 1938 – 18 September 2021) was a British nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scientist who was amongst the pioneers of NMR application in the second half of the 20th century.
Born in Kettering, Packer studied chemistry at Imperial College London, before embarking on a PhD at the University o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heating in diamond-anvil cells is typically done by two means, external or internal heating. External heating is defined as heating the anvils and would include a number of resistive heaters that are placed around the diamonds or around the cell body. The complementary method does not change the temperature of the anvi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because methylmercury is formed in aquatic systems, and because it is not readily eliminated from organisms, it is biomagnified in aquatic food chains from bacteria, to plankton, through macroinvertebrates, to herbivorous fish and to piscivorous (fish-eating) fish. At each step in the food chain, the concentration of m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Qubit assays (formerly known as Quant-iT) were previously developed and manufactured by Molecular Probes (now part of Life Technologies). Each dye is specialized for one type of molecule (DNA, RNA, or protein). These dyes exhibit extremely low fluorescence until bound to their target molecule. Upon binding to DNA, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a number of factors that can affect the meaning of the NNT depending on the situation. The treatment may be a drug in the form of a pill or injection, a surgical procedure, or many other possibilities. The following examples demonstrate how NNT is determined and what it means. In this example, it is important... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many radical processes involve chain reactions or chain propagation with disproportionation and recombination occurring in the terminal step of the reaction. Terminating chain propagation is often most significant during polymerization as the desired chain propagation cannot take place if disproportionation and recombi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Valine is produced by a four-enzyme pathway. It begins with the condensation of two equivalents of pyruvate catalyzed by acetohydroxy acid synthase yielding α-acetolactate. The second step involves the NADPH-dependent reduction of α-acetolactate and migration of methyl groups to produce α, β-dihydroxyisovalerate. This ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methylene blue is a dye behaving as a redox indicator that is commonly used in the food industry to test the freshness of milk and dairy products. A few drops of methylene blue solution added to a sample of milk should remain blue (oxidized form in the presence of enough dissolved ), otherwise (discoloration caused by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deoxyinosine monophosphate (dIMP) is a nucleoside monophosphate and a derivative of inosinic acid. It can be formed by the deamination of the purine base in deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP). The enzyme deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, encoded by YJR069C in S. cerevisiae and containing (d)ITPase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Gran plot (also known as Gran titration or the Gran method) is a common means of standardizing a titrate or titrant by estimating the equivalence volume or end point in a strong acid-strong base titration or in a potentiometric titration. Such plots have been also used to calibrate glass electrodes, to estimate the c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many coactivators also function as corepressors under certain circumstances. Cofactors such as TAF1 and BTAF1 can initiate transcription in the presence of an activator (act as a coactivator) and repress basal transcription in the absence of an activator (act as a corepressor). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Baking powder is used to cause the dough for breads and cakes to "rise" by creating millions of tiny carbon dioxide bubbles. Baking powder is not to be confused with baking soda, which is sodium bicarbonate (). Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and acidic salts. The bubbles are created bec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
End groups are an important aspect of polymer synthesis and characterization. In polymer chemistry, they are functional groups that are at the very ends of a macromolecule or oligomer (IUPAC). In polymer synthesis, like condensation polymerization and free-radical types of polymerization, end-groups are commonly used a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Starting in the 2010s, despite a global ban on the production of CFCs, five of these ozone-damaging emissions were on the rise.
The atmospheric abundance of CFC-13 rose from 3.0 parts per trillion (ppt) in year 2010 to 3.3 ppt in year 2020 based on analysis of air samples gathered from sites around the world.
Contrary ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peptidoglycan is immunologically active, which can stimulate immune cells to increase the expression of cytokines and enhance antibody-dependent specific response when combined with vaccine or as adjuvant alone. MDP, which is the basic unit of peptidoglycan, was initially used as the active component of Freunds adjuvan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In neutron stars, neutron heavy nuclei are found as relativistic electrons penetrate the nuclei and produce inverse beta decay, wherein the electron combines with a proton in the nucleus to make a neutron and an electron-neutrino:
As more and more neutrons are created in nuclei the energy levels for neutrons get filled... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the primary vehicle for transporting oxygen in the blood. Each hemoglobin molecule has the capacity to carry four oxygen molecules. These molecules of oxygen bind to the iron of the heme prosthetic group.
When hemoglobin has no bound oxygen, nor bound carbon dioxide, it has the unbound conformation (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carly Joanne Stevens has been awarded B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees. In 2004 her PhD was awarded by the Open University for her work on the effects of nitrogen on grassland ecology supervised by Nancy Dise, David Gowing and Owen Mountford. It was carried out in collaboration with the NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a number of ways to excite a population of vibrations, i.e., create a hot optical phonon population. For example, if the electron population is excited, using a laser or electric field, they will typically relax by emitting optical phonons. Additionally, a hot molecular gas can impart its vibrations to a crys... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In any study, some of the protein domains, those under investigation, will be varied according to the goals of the study whereas other domains, those that are not themselves being investigated, will be kept constant. For example, in a two-hybrid study to select DNA-binding domains, the DNA-binding domain, BD, will be v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Of all commercialized pharmaceutical drugs, twenty percent contain fluorine, including important drugs in many different pharmaceutical classes. Fluorine is often added to drug molecules during drug design, as even a single atom can greatly change the chemical properties of the molecule in desirable ways.
Because of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Northup was an undergraduate student at West Virginia University, where she studied political science. She moved to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for graduate studies, where she earned a Masters of Library Science in 1972. Northup moved to the University of New Mexico, where she earned a Masters degree in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are univer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If one tries to predict the probability of collision with a classical model that treats the electron and atom as hard spheres, one finds that the probability of collision should be independent of the incident electron energy. However, Ramsauer and Townsend, independently observed that for slow-moving electrons in argon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biuret is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is a white solid that is soluble in hot water. A variety of organic derivatives are known. The term "biuret" also describes a family of organic compounds with the chemical formula , where are hydrogen, organyl or other groups. Also known as carbamylurea, it ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some synthetic radioisotopes are extracted from spent nuclear reactor fuel rods, which contain various fission products. For example, it is estimated that up to 1994, about 49,000 terabecquerels (78 metric tons) of technetium were produced in nuclear reactors; as such, anthropogenic technetium is far more abundant than... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Yttria-alumina melts are another system reported to exhibit polyamorphism. Observation of a liquid–liquid phase transition in the supercooled liquid has been reported. Though this is disputed in the literature. Polyamorphism has also been reported in Yttria-Alumina glasses. Yttria-Alumina melts quenched from about 1900... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Direct comparison experiments are primarily used for measuring hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects in enzymatic reactions. The monoisotopic substrate and a deuterated form of the substrate are separately exposed to the enzyme of interest over a range of concentrations. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters for both su... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It ranges from Ontario west to Alaska, and south to Missouri, north-central Nebraska, the northern half of Wyoming, and central Washington south through Idaho into north-central Utah. A disjunct subset of its range occurs from central Colorado to northwestern New Mexico. An isolated population was formerly found in Chi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The kinesis strategy controlled by the locally and instantly evaluated well-being (fitness) can be described in simple words: Animals stay longer in good conditions and leave bad conditions more quickly. If the well-being is measured by the local reproduction coefficient then the minimal reaction-diffusion model of kin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two early examples of scientifically designed bioswales for large scale applications are found in the western US. In 1996, for Willamette River Park in Portland, Oregon, a total of 2330 lineal feet of bioswale was designed and installed to capture and prevent pollutant runoff from entering the Willamette River. Interm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As required for all separation techniques, ionic liquids exhibit selectivity towards one or more of the phases of a mixture. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF) is a room-temperature ionic liquid that was identified early on as a viable substitute for volatile organic solvents in liquid-liquid sep... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reactions that occur with permeable reactive barriers and ferrous iron are surface based. The surface reactions take three different forms: direct reduction, electron shunting through ferrous iron, and reduction by production and reaction of hydrogen. Pathway A represents direct electron transfer (ET) for Fe to the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alkyne activation with π–acidic metals such as Au or Pt is a conventional method in complex organic manifold synthesis, however how this activation exacts reactivity is not fully understood and thus mechanism is largely proposed on the basis of reaction outcome and theoretical calculations. Cationic Au(I) and Pt(II) ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Before Jacobi, the Maclaurin spheroid, which was formulated in 1742, was considered to be the only type of ellipsoid which can be in equilibrium. Lagrange in 1811 considered the possibility of a tri-axial ellipsoid being in equilibrium, but concluded that the two equatorial axes of the ellipsoid must be equal, leading ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bene Meat Technologies a.s. (BMT) is a Czech biotechnology start-up focused on research and development of technology for the production of cultivated meat on an industrial scale. It cooperates with scientific institutions and companies in the Czech Republic and abroad. The company has its laboratories on the first flo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymer characterization spans many techniques for determining the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, and physical properties. Select common techniques include the following:
*Size-exclusion chromatography (also called gel permeation chromatography), sometimes coupled with static light scattering, can... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the unique temperature-dependent phase transition experienced by ELPs, in which they move from a linear state to a spherical aggregate state above their T, as well as the ability of ELPs to be easily conjugated with other compounds, these biopolymers hold numerous applications. Some of these applications involve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the single bond between the two centres is free to rotate, cis/trans descriptors become invalid. Two widely accepted prefixes used to distinguish diastereomers on sp³-hybridised bonds in an open-chain molecule are syn and anti. Masamune proposed the descriptors which work even if the groups are not attached to adj... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Direct factor Xa inhibitors are being used clinically and their usage is constantly increasing. They are gradually taking over warfarin usage and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Indication for Xa inhibitors is preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) which can lead to pulmonary embolism. It is also used to treat at... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The UN and business communities developed an international standard for tailings management in 2020 after the critical failure of the Brumadinho dam disaster. The program was convened by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) and the Principles for Responsible Inv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Despite most other life forms being killed by the lack of oxygen, jellyfish can thrive and are sometimes present in dead zones in vast numbers. Jellyfish blooms produce large quantities of mucus, leading to major changes in food webs in the ocean since few organisms feed on them. The organic carbon in mucus is metaboli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
See Vitamin, Mineral (nutrient), Protein (nutrient)
An inadequate amount of a nutrient is a deficiency. Deficiencies can be due to a number of causes including an inadequacy in nutrient intake, called a dietary deficiency, or any of several conditions that interfere with the utilization of a nutrient within an organism... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the above rules, a carbon atom in a molecule, considered as a substituent, has the following names depending on the number of hydrogens bound to it, and the type of bonds formed with the remainder of the molecule: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Johann Chrysostom Magnenus ( – ) published his Democritus reviviscens in 1646. Magnenus was the first to arrive at a scientific estimate of the size of an "atom" (i.e. of what would today be called a molecule). Measuring how much incense had to be burned before it could be smelled everywhere in a large church, he calcu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider an infinitely long cylinder of radius exhibiting torsional oscillation with angular velocity where is the frequency. Then the velocity approaches after the initial transient phase to
where is the modified Bessel function of the second kind. This solution can be expressed with real argument as:
where
and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In particle tracking, the trajectories of a set of particles are measured, typically by applying particle tracking algorithms to movies.[http://www.physics.emory.edu/~weeks/idl/] Particle tracking has the advantage that all the dynamical information is maintained in the measurement, unlike FCS where correlation average... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the case of normal shock, flow is assumed to be in a steady state and thickness of shock is very small. It is further assumed that there is no friction or heat loss at the shock (because heat transfer is negligible because it occurs on a relatively small surface). It is customary in this field to denote x as the ups... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the final stages of the synthesis (Scheme 5), the hydroxyl group in 46 was deprotected to give alcohol 47. Reaction of the lithium alkoxide of 47 with the Ojima lactam 48 adds the tail in 49. Deprotection of the triethylsilyl ether with hydrofluoric acid and removal of the BOM group under reductive conditions gave (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Restriction digest is most commonly used as part of the process of the molecular cloning of DNA fragment into a vector (such as a cloning vector or an expression vector). The vector typically contains a multiple cloning site where many restriction site may be found, and a foreign piece of DNA may be inserted into the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A good jug should, regardless of fashion, have a spout with a tear-off edge (i.e. no rounded edge) to make it more difficult to run around the edge. And – even more important - after the edge, the spout should first lead upwards (regardless of the position in which the jug is held). As a result, the liquid would be for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recent attempts have been made to relabel antifreeze proteins as ice structuring proteins to more accurately represent their function and to dispose of any assumed negative relation between AFPs and automotive antifreeze, ethylene glycol. These two things are completely separate entities, and show loose similarity only... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2020 scientists showed, with an experiment with different gravity environments on the ISS, that microorganisms could be employed to mine useful elements from basaltic rocks via bioleaching in space. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrofiltration is a method that combines membrane filtration and electrophoresis in a dead-end process.
Electrofiltration is regarded as an appropriate technique for concentration and fractionation of biopolymers. The film formation on the filter membrane which hinders filtration can be minimized or completely avoid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the Flory–Fox equation describes many polymers very well, it is more reliable for large values of M and samples of narrow weight distribution. As a result, other equations have been proposed to provide better accuracy for certain polymers. For example:
This minor modification of the Flory–Fox equation, propose... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The protein content of peroxisomes varies across species or organism, but the presence of proteins common to many species has been used to suggest an endosymbiotic origin; that is, peroxisomes evolved from bacteria that invaded larger cells as parasites, and very gradually evolved a symbiotic relationship. However, thi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The third law of thermodynamics states: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value.
This law of thermodynamics is a statistical law of nature regarding entropy and the impossibility of reaching absolute zero of temperature. This ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1815 the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot showed that certain chemicals could rotate the plane of a beam of polarised light, a property called optical activity.
The nature of this property remained a mystery until 1848, when Louis Pasteur proposed that it had a molecular basis originating from some form of dissym... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Total soil alkalinity increases with:
* Weathering of silicate, aluminosilicate and carbonate minerals containing , , and ;
* Addition of silicate, aluminosilicate and carbonate minerals to soils; this may happen by deposition of material eroded elsewhere by wind or water, or by mixing of the soil with less weathered ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term (hydro)static pressure is sometimes used in fluid statics to refer to the pressure of a fluid at a nominated depth in the fluid. In fluid statics the fluid is stationary everywhere and the concepts of dynamic pressure and total pressure are not applicable. Consequently, there is little risk of ambiguity in usi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Native silver is a rare element. Although it exists as such, it is usually found in nature combined with other metals, or in minerals that contain silver compounds, generally in the form of sulfides such as galena (lead sulfide) or cerussite (lead carbonate). So the primary production of silver requires the smelting an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrostatic precipitators, ESPs, have recently gained renewed interest for bioaerosol sampling due to their highly efficient particle removal efficiencies and gentler sampling method as compared with impinging. ESPs charge and remove incoming aerosol particles from an air stream by employing a non-uniform electrostat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transacetylation uses vinyl acetate as an acetyl donor and lipase as a catalyst. This methodology allows the preparation of enantio-enriched alcohols and acetates. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SahysMod is a computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge in irrigated agricultural lands, using different hydrogeologic and aquifer conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the secondary structure of proteins, hydrogen bonds form between the backbone oxygens and amide hydrogens. When the spacing of the amino acid residues participating in a hydrogen bond occurs regularly between positions i and , an alpha helix is formed. When the spacing is less, between positions i and , then a 3 hel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FSM is but one aspect of citywide sanitation that also includes:
* Municipal solid waste management;
* Drainage and greywater management;
* Wastewater collection and treatment including effluent overflows from on-site systems where soils based dispersal systems are insufficient to assimilate the volume;
* Water safety... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The microscopic features of liquids derive from an interplay between attractive intermolecular forces and entropic forces.
The attractive forces tend to pull molecules close together, and along with short-range repulsive interactions, they are the dominant forces behind the regular structure of solids. The entropic for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The extracellular type II and type I kinase receptors binding to the TGF-β ligands. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a superfamily of cytokines that play a significant upstream role in regulating of morphogenesis, homeostasis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The significance of TGF-β is apparent with th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gecko feet are the most famous reversible adhesion mechanism in nature. The anti-fouling ability of feet allows geckos to run on dusty ceilings and corners without the accumulation of dirt on their feet. In 2000, Autumn et al. revealed the origin of gecko’s strong adhesion by investigating the surface features of the t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Darwins Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution (1996; second edition 2006) is a book by Michael J. Behe, a professor of biochemistry at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania and a senior fellow of the Discovery Institutes Center for Science and Culture. In the book Behe presents his notion of irreducible complex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It can occur because of a change in environmental conditions: for example, a change in solvent polarity will result in solvatochromism.
A series of structurally-related molecules in a substitution series can also show a bathochromic shift. Bathochromic shift is a phenomenon seen in molecular spectra, not atomic spectra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal includes an annual issue on a specific theme. Past theme issues are listed on the journal website. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Site-specific pollution induced degradation is measured through the combination of the three portions of the sediment quality triad. The sediment chemistry, sediment toxicity, and the field effects to benthic organisms are compared quantitatively. Data is most useful when it has been normalized to reference site values... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Actinic inspection of masks in computer chip manufacture refers to inspecting the mask with the same wavelength of light that the lithography system will use. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two salt metathesis reactions are popular for laboratory scale reactions. In the Kolbe nitrile synthesis, alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic aliphatic substitution with alkali metal cyanides. Aryl nitriles are prepared in the Rosenmund-von Braun synthesis.
In general, metal cyanides combine with alkyl halides to give... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1950, first experimental evidence for the existence of photophosphorylation in vivo was presented by Otto Kandler using intact Chlorella cells and interpreting his findings as light-dependent ATP formation.
In 1954, Daniel I. Arnon et.al. discovered photophosphorylation in vitro in isolated chloroplasts with the he... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
*Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
*Chemical Abstracts Service
*Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
*Ei-Compendex
*Science Citation Index Expanded
*Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 0.7. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Generally, nucleophilic epoxidations are carried out under inert atmosphere in anhydrous conditions. For zinc-mediated epoxidations, diethylzinc and ligand are first mixed and oxidized, then the enone is introduced. Lanthanide-mediated epoxidations typically require an additive to stabilize the catalyst; this is most c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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