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A metabolic network can be broken down into a stoichiometric matrix where the rows represent the compounds of the reactions, while the columns of the matrix correspond to the reactions themselves. Stoichiometry is a quantitative relationship between substrates of a chemical reaction. In order to deduce what the metabol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the light-dependent reactions, one molecule of the pigment chlorophyll absorbs one photon and loses one electron. This electron is taken up by a modified form of chlorophyll called pheophytin, which passes the electron to a quinone molecule, starting the flow of electrons down an electron transport chain that leads ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Whereas hyperspectral imaging acquires data as many contiguous spectral bands, full spectral imaging acquires data as spectral curves. A significant advantage of FSI over hyperspectral imaging is a significant reduction in data rate and volume. FSI extracts and saves only the information that is in the raw data. The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since the industrial revolution, and especially since the end of WWII, human activity has substantially disturbed the global carbon cycle by redistributing massive amounts of carbon from the geosphere. Humans have also continued to shift the natural component functions of the terrestrial biosphere with changes to veg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After World War II he worked in the laboratory of Prof. UG Bijlsma in the area of adrenergic substances and in 1950 both in the field of chemistry and medical doctorate. In 1951, Everhardus Ariëns moved to Nijmegen after there at the Catholic University of the Faculty of Pharmacology was established. From 1954 until hi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In formal mathematical presentations of T-symmetry, three different kinds of notation for T need to be carefully distinguished: the T that is an involution, capturing the actual reversal of the time coordinate, the T that is an ordinary finite dimensional matrix, acting on spinors and vectors, and the T that is an oper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vis viva (from the Latin for "living force") is a historical term used to describe a quantity similar to kinetic energy in an early formulation of the principle of conservation of energy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteriophage Φ29 DNA polymerase is a high-processivity enzyme that can produce DNA amplicons greater than 70 kilobase pairs. Its high fidelity and 3’–5 proofreading activity reduces the amplification error rate to 1 in 10−10 bases compared to conventional Taq polymerase with a reported error rate of 1 in 9... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One should not assume that a carbonate-silicate cycle would appear on all terrestrial planets. To begin, the carbonate-silicate cycle requires the presence of a water cycle. It therefore breaks down at the inner edge of the Solar System's habitable zone. Even if a planet starts out with liquid water on the surface, if ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bromley equation was developed in 1973 by Leroy A. Bromley with the objective of calculating activity coefficients for aqueous electrolyte solutions whose concentrations are above the range of validity of the Debye–Hückel equation. This equation, together with Specific ion interaction theory (SIT) and Pitzer equati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multiple isoforms of the Fas receptor protein are produced by alternative splicing. Two normally occurring isoforms in humans are produced by an exon-skipping mechanism. An mRNA including exon 6 encodes the membrane-bound form of the Fas receptor, which promotes apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Increased expression... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most intense sources of gamma rays, are also the most intense sources of any type of electromagnetic radiation presently known. They are the "long duration burst" sources of gamma rays in astronomy ("long" in this context, meaning a few tens of seconds), and they are rare compared with the sources discussed above. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The magazine was established in 1923, and has been on the internet since 1998.
The editor-in-chief is Nick Ishmael-Perkins. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The four most common Maxwell's relations are:
More relations include the following.
Other differential equations are: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paramural bodies are membranous or vesicular structures located between the cell walls and cell membranes of plant and fungal cells. When these are continuous with the cell wall, they are termed lomasomes, while they are referred to as plasmalemmasomes if associated with the plasmalemma. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Temperature measurement (also known as thermometry) describes the process of measuring a current temperature for immediate or later evaluation. Datasets consisting of repeated standardized measurements can be used to assess temperature trends. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrophoretic mobility is proportional to electrophoretic velocity, which is the measurable parameter. There are several theories that link electrophoretic mobility with zeta potential. They are briefly described in the article on electrophoresis and in details in many books on colloid and interface science.
There i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Eoxin D4, also known as 14,15-leukotriene D4, is an eoxin. Cells make eoxins by metabolizing arachidonic acid with a 15-lipoxygenase enzyme to form 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid (i.e. 15(S)-HpETE). This product is then converted serially to eoxin A4 (i.e. EXA4), EXC4, EXD4, and EXE4 by LTC4 synthase, an uniden... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When comparing relative stability, 6- and 7-atom interactions can be used to approximate differences in enthalpy between conformations. Each 6-atom interaction is worth and each 7-atom interaction is worth . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance. Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa, the esophagus, and the lining of the stomach.
The severity of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the early modern period, Aristotelian hylomorphism fell out of favor with the rise of the "mechanical philosophy" of thinkers like Descartes and John Locke, who were more sympathetic to the ancient Greek atomism of Democritus than to the natural minima of Aristotle. However, the concept of minima naturalia continued... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many other deoxyribozymes have since been developed that catalyze DNA phosphorylation, DNA adenylation, DNA deglycosylation, porphyrin metalation, thymine dimer photoreversion
and DNA cleavage. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The largest use of bitumen is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces; this accounts for approximately 85% of the bitumen consumed in the United States. There are about 4,000 asphalt concrete mixing plants in the US, and a similar number in Europe.
Asphalt concrete pavement mixes are typically composed of 5% bitu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) effect in the realm of chemistry refers to the pronounced enhancement of catalytic reactions or significant changes in the catalytic properties of a conductive catalyst in the presence of electrical currents or interfacial potentials. Also known as Non-faradaic electroc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to some studies, up to 22.1% of teenagers abused substances during their most recent sexual experience.
Likewise, studies have shown adolescents who regularly abuse substances are more likely to initiate sexual activity at an earlier age, have a more significant number of sexual partners, and engage in unprot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
IHC staining has been shown to be a useful diagnostic tool for prioritizing patients for SDH mutation testing in early stages of cancer. The absence of SDHB in IHC staining would be linked to the presence of SDH oncogene mutations. The already commercialized drug decitabine (Dacogen®) could be an effective therapy to r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) is the study of used nuclear materials such as nuclear fuel. It has several purposes. It is known that by examination of used fuel that the failure modes which occur during normal use (and the manner in which the fuel will behave during an accident) can be studied. In addition informa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Weber number (We) is a dimensionless number in fluid mechanics that is often useful in analysing fluid flows where there is an interface between two different fluids, especially for multiphase flows with strongly curved surfaces. It is named after Moritz Weber (1871–1951). It can be thought of as a measure of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Messenger RNA is the bridge between the genetic code and the resulting proteins, as it is what carries the necessary information that gets translated into proteins. Modifications to the actual, physical genetic code are likely to be deleterious; therefore, minor modifications, such as methylation, done to mRNA are pref... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This classification, based on the effects on behavior, remains artificial. Pheromones fill many additional functions.
* Nasonov pheromones (worker bees)
* Royal pheromones (bees)
* Calming (appeasement) pheromones (mammals)
* Necromones, given off by a deceased and decomposing organism; consisting of oleic and linoleic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neuropeptides are chemical messengers made up of small chains of amino acids that are synthesized and released by neurons. Neuropeptides typically bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate neural activity and other tissues like the gut, muscles, and heart.
Neuropeptides are synthesized from large precurso... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* United States: California, Minnesota, Delaware, Washington DC and Wisconsin restrict use of less than lethal projectiles and devices using them.
* United Kingdom: Citizens may not use PAVA, under Section 5 of the Firearms Act 1968; however, police, prison officers and other officials are allowed to use PAVA to uphol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique similar to DESI, but while DESI is an ambient ionization technique, SIMS happens in vacuum. The solid sample surface is bombarded by a highly focused beam of primary ions. As they hit the surface, molecules are emitted from the surface and ionized. The choice of pri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Melanopsin is a visual opsin present in Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) also with a retinal chromaphore. However, unlike the rod and cone pigments, melanopsin has the ability to act as both the excitable photopigment and as a photoisomerase. Melanopsin is therefore able to isomerize all-trans... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adenylate kinase (EC [http://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/2.7.4.3 2.7.4.3]) (also known as ADK or myokinase) is a phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the various adenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, and AMP). By constantly monitoring phosphate nucleotide levels inside the cell, ADK plays an important ro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recrystallization is defined as the process in which grains of a crystal structure come in a new structure or new crystal shape.
A precise definition of recrystallization is difficult to state as the process is strongly related to several other processes, most notably recovery and grain growth. In some cases it is diff... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Planktonic foraminiferal species diversity depends on available niches, which are in turn related to ocean circulation. By correlation with stable isotope records, maximum diversity has been found to occur after the initiation of a glaciation period. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thiolated polymers designated thiomers are functional polymers used in biotechnology product development with the intention to prolong mucosal drug residence time and to enhance absorption of drugs. The name thiomer was coined by Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch in 2000. Thiomers have thiol bearing side chains. Sulfhydryl li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sonogashira couplings are employed in a wide array of synthetic reactions, primarily due to their success in facilitating the following challenging transformations: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compared to other heteroallenes, carbodiimides are very weak electrophiles and only react with nucleophiles in the presence of catalysts, such as acids. In this way, guanidines can be prepared. As weak bases, carbodiimides bind to Lewis acids to give adducts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
First published synthesis and report of properties of fluorine-18 were in 1937 by Arthur H. Snell, produced by the nuclear reaction of Ne(d,α)F in the cyclotron laboratories of Ernest O. Lawrence. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Yttrium in the Solar System was created through stellar nucleosynthesis, mostly by the s-process (≈72%), but also by the r-process (≈28%). The r-process consists of rapid neutron capture by lighter elements during supernova explosions. The s-process is a slow neutron capture of lighter elements inside pulsating red gia... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
kainic acid receptor - kallidin - kappa opioid receptor - kappa-chain immunoglobulin - karyoplasm - karyotype - kelvin - keratin - kinase - kinesin - kinetic energy - kinetic exclusion assay - kinetics - knock-out mouse - Krebs cycle | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At the mouth of a river, the change in flow conditions can cause the river to drop any sediment it is carrying. This sediment deposition can generate a variety of landforms, such as deltas, sand bars, spits, and tie channels. Landforms at the river mouth drastically alter the geomorphology and ecosystem. Along coasts, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Design equations are equations relating the space time to the fractional conversion and other properties of the reactor. Different design equations have been derived for different types of the reactor and depending on the reactor the equation more or less resemble that describing the average residence time. Often desig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bismuth-containing solid-state compounds pose an interest to both the physical inorganic chemists as well as condensed matter physicists due to the element's massive spin-orbit coupling, stabilization of lower oxidation states, and the inert pair effect. Additionally, the stabilization of the Bi in the +1 oxidation sta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main function of glycolipids in the body is to serve as recognition sites for cell–cell interactions. The saccharide of the glycolipid will bind to a specific complementary carbohydrate or to a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein), of a neighboring cell. The interaction of these cell surface markers is the basis o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Over 6 kilometers of new fish spawning and rearing habitats were installed in upper to middle Hazeltine Creek. The successful spawning of Rainbow Trout was later observed in 2018 and 2019 in upper Hazeltine Creek. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1955, biologists Britton Chance and G. R. Williams were the first to propose the idea that respiratory enzymes assemble into larger complexes, although the fluid state model remained the standard. However, as early as 1985, researchers had begun isolating complex III/complex IV supercomplexes from bacteria and yeast... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crack growth is reported to be very slow by Luxfer, a major manufacturer of aluminium high-pressure cylinders. Cracks are reported to develop over periods in the order of 8 or more years before reaching a stage where the cylinder is likely to leak, which allows timely detection by properly trained inspectors using eddy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copy number alteration (CNA) analyses are commonly used in cancer studies. Gain and loss of the genes have signalling pathway implications and are a key biomarker of molecular dysfunction in oncology. Calling the CNA information from RNA-Seq data is not straightforward because of the differences in gene expression, whi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* For a completely isolated system, S is maximum at thermodynamic equilibrium.
* For a closed system at controlled constant temperature and volume, A is minimum at thermodynamic equilibrium.
* For a closed system at controlled constant temperature and pressure without an applied voltage, G is minimum at thermodynamic e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Evolution in bacteria was previously viewed as a result of mutation or genetic drift. Today, genetic exchange, or gene transfer is viewed as a major driving force in the evolution of prokaryotes. This driving force has been widely studied in organisms like E. coli. Bacteria reproduces asexually, where daughter cells ar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Woollins reagent is an organic compound containing phosphorus and selenium. Analogous to Lawessons reagent, it is used mainly as a selenation reagent. It is named after John Derek Woollins. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many hypotheses about how scaffolds coordinate positive and negative feedback come from engineered scaffolds and mathematical modeling. In three-kinase signaling cascades, scaffolds bind all three kinases, enhancing kinase specificity and restricting signal amplification by limiting kinase phosphorylation to only one ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geometrical constraints in a molecule can cause a severe distortion of idealized tetrahedral geometry. In compounds featuring "inverted" tetrahedral geometry at a carbon atom, all four groups attached to this carbon are on one side of a plane. The carbon atom lies at or near the apex of a square pyramid with the other... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteria can use several different electron donors. When organic matter is the electron source, the donor may be NADH or succinate, in which case electrons enter the electron transport chain via NADH dehydrogenase (similar to Complex I in mitochondria) or succinate dehydrogenase (similar to Complex II). Other dehydroge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Even though photoemission can occur from any material, it is most readily observed from metals and other conductors. This is because the process produces a charge imbalance which, if not neutralized by current flow, results in the increasing potential barrier until the emission completely ceases. The energy barrier to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some spoil tips, the waste resulting from industries such as coal or oil shale production can contain a relatively high proportion of hydrocarbons or coal dust. Spontaneous subterranean combustion may result, which can be followed by surface fires. In some coal mining districts, such fires were considered normal and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Researchers successfully treated a boy with epidermolysis bullosa using skin grafts grown from his own skin cells, genetically altered to repair the mutation that caused his disease.
In November, researchers announced that they had treated a baby girl, Layla Richards, with an experimental treatment using donor T cells ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are two classes of receptors for neurotrophins: p75 and the "Trk" family of Tyrosine kinases receptors. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the neutron stars undergo accretion, the density in the crust increases, passing the electron capture threshold. As the electron capture threshold ( g cm) is exceeded, it allows for the formation of light nuclei from the process of double electron capture (), forming the light neon nuclei and free neutrons, which fu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon-14 has a long half-life of . Its maximum specific activity is . It is used in applications such as radiometric dating or drug tests. Carbon-14 labeling is common in drug development to do ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) studies in animal models and in human toxicology and clinical trial... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
First combine template RNA, primer, dNTP mix, and nuclease-free water in a PCR tube. Then, add an RNase inhibitor and reverse transcriptase to the PCR tube. Next, place the PCR tube into a thermal cycler for one cycle wherein annealing, extending, and inactivating of reverse transcriptase occurs. Finally, proceed direc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels belong to the superfamily of voltage-gated K (Kv) and cyclic nucleotide–gated (CNG) channels. HCN channels are thought to consist of four either identical or non-identical subunits that are integrally embedded in the cell membrane to create an ion-c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Arketamine (developmental code names PCN-101, HR-071603), also known as (R)-ketamine or (R)-(−)-ketamine, is the (R)-(−) enantiomer of ketamine. Similarly to racemic ketamine and esketamine, the S(+) enantiomer of ketamine, arketamine is biologically active; however, it is less potent as an NMDA receptor an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or "decays" into a different atomic nucleus, with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two. An alpha particle is identical to the nucl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sagan and Khare note the presence of tholins through multiple locations: "as a constituent of the Earth's primitive oceans and therefore relevant to the origin of life; as a component of red aerosols in the atmospheres of the outer planets and Titan; present in comets, carbonaceous chondrites asteroids, and pre-planeta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A complexometric indicator is an ionochromic dye that undergoes a definite color change in presence of specific metal ions. It forms a weak complex with the ions present in the solution, which has a significantly different color from the form existing outside the complex.
Complexometric indicators are also known as pM ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solubility is sensitive to changes in temperature. For example, sugar is more soluble in hot water than cool water. It occurs because solubility products, like other types of equilibrium constants, are functions of temperature. In accordance with Le Chatelier's Principle, when the dissolution process is endothermic (he... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Congo red is an organic compound, the sodium salt of 3,3′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis(4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid). It is an azo dye. Congo red is water-soluble, yielding a red colloidal solution; its solubility is greater in organic solvents. The use of Congo red in the textile industry has long been abando... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pre-treatment is recommended to remove pollutants such as trash, debris, and larger sediments. Incorporation of a pretreatment system, such as a hydrodynamic separator, can prolong the longevity of the entire system by preventing the primary treatment practice from becoming prematurely clogged. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first Watt engines were atmospheric pressure engines, like the Newcomen engine but with the condensation taking place separate from the cylinder. Driving the engines using both low pressure steam and a partial vacuum raised the possibility of reciprocating engine development. An arrangement of valves could alternat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
LAGP is one of the most studied solid-state electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. The use of a solid-state electrolyte improves the battery safety eliminating liquid-based electrolytes, which are flammable and usually unstable above 4.3 V. In addition, it physically separates the anode from the cathode, reducing the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On July 1, 1992, the National Foundation for History of Chemistry changed its name to the Chemical Heritage Foundation, in recognition of the international nature of chemical history. By 1994, the organization was searching for a permanent home for the Beckman Center and Othmer Library. One candidate was the First Nati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aluminium is produced by electrolytic reduction of aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite.
At the same time the carbon electrode is oxidised, initially to carbon monoxide
Although the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) is thermodynamically favoured at the reaction temperature, the presence of considerable overvolt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While EPIC-seq offers significant potential in various biomedical applications, it also has limitations that warrant consideration in its implementation and interpretation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Progesterone also appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of breast cancer, though its role, and whether it is a promoter or inhibitor of breast cancer risk, has not been fully elucidated. Most progestins, or synthetic progestogens, like medroxyprogesterone acetate, have been found to increase the risk of breast ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gestational trophoblastic disease like hydatidiform moles ("molar pregnancy") or choriocarcinoma may produce high levels of βhCG due to the presence of syncytiotrophoblasts, part of the villi that make up the placenta, and despite the absence of an embryo. This, as well as several other conditions, can lead to elevated... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fazlul Halim Chowdhury (1 August 19309 April 1996) was a fellow of the Bangladesh Academy of Sciences and one of the longest-serving Vice-Chancellors of the University of Dhaka. He made pioneering contributions to the development of physical chemistry in Bangladesh, publishing more than 20 articles. He focused on cellu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methylation of adenosine does not affect its ability to base-pair with thymidine or uracil, so N-methyladenosine (mA) cannot be detected using standard sequencing or hybridization methods. This modification is marked by the methylation of the adenosine base at the nitrogen-6 position. It is abundantly found in polyA+ m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With the discovery of protactinium, most of the decay chains of uranium had been mapped. When Hahn returned to his work after the war, he looked back over his 1914 results, and considered some anomalies that had been dismissed or overlooked. He dissolved uranium salts in a hydrofluoric acid solution with tantalic acid.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Selenenic acids derived from selenocysteine are involved in cell signaling and certain enzymatic processes. The best known selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalyzes the reduction of peroxides by glutathione (GSH). The selenenic acid intermediate (E-SeOH) is formed upon oxidation of the catalytically active... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboximidates can act as protecting group for alcohols. For example, the base catalyzed reaction of benzyl alcohol upon trichloroacetonitrile yields a trichloroacetimidate. This species has orthogonal stability to acetate and TBS protections and may be cleaved by acid hydrolysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The resorcinarene hexamer has been described as a yoctolitre reaction vessel. Within the confines of the container, terpene cyclizations and iminium catalyzed reactions have been observed. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, ultraviolet detectors use either a solid-state device, such as one based on silicon carbide or aluminium nitride, or a gas-filled tube as the sensing element. UV detectors that are sensitive to UV in any part of the spectrum respond to irradiation by sunlight and artificial light. A burning hydrogen flame, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the case of oxide copper ore, a heap leaching pad will dissolve a dilute copper sulfate solution in a weak sulfuric acid solution. This pregnant leach solution (PLS) is pumped to an extraction mixer settler where it is mixed with the organic phase (a kerosene hosted extractant). The copper transfers to the organic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
"Ternatin" is a term used for two unrelated categories of biochemical compounds:
* The ternatin heptapeptide derived from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor
* Delphinidin ternatins derivatives of delphinidin, an anthocyanidin | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The geometry of a base, or base pair step can be characterized by 6 coordinates: shift, slide, rise, tilt, roll, and twist. These values precisely define the location and orientation in space of every base or base pair in a nucleic acid molecule relative to its predecessor along the axis of the helix. Together, they ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By determination of the interaction partners of unknown proteins, the possible functions of these new proteins may be inferred. This can be done using a single known protein against a library of unknown proteins or conversely, by selecting from a library of known proteins using a single protein of unknown function. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An MC-ICP-MS instrument is a multiple collector mass spectrometer with a plasma source. MC-ICP-MS was developed to improve the precision achievable by ICP-MS during isotope-ratio measurements. Conventional ICP-MS analysis uses a quadrupole analyser, which only allows single-collector analysis. Due to the inherent inst... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Schrock entered the olefin metathesis field in 1979 as an extension of work on tantalum alkylidenes. The initial result was disappointing as reaction of with ethylene yielded only a metallacyclopentane, not metathesis products:
But by tweaking this structure to a (replacing chloride by t-butoxide and a cyclopentadien... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paper-based microfluidic devices fill a growing niche for portable, cheap, and user-friendly medical diagnostic systems.
Paper based microfluidics rely on the phenomenon of capillary penetration in porous media. To tune fluid penetration in porous substrates such as paper in two and three dimensions, the pore structur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In characteristic manner, TsCl converts alcohols (abbreviated ROH) into the corresponding toluenesulfonate esters, or tosyl derivatives ("tosylates"):
: CHCHSOCl + ROH → CHCHSOOR + HCl
Tosylates can be cleaved with lithium aluminium hydride:
: 4 CHCHSOOR + LiAlH → LiAl(OSCHCH) + 4 RH
Thus, tosylation followe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Scatchard equation is an equation used in molecular biology to calculate the affinity and number of binding sites of a receptor for a ligand. It is named after the American chemist George Scatchard. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some ion channels are classified by the duration of their response to stimuli:
*Transient receptor potential channels: This group of channels, normally referred to simply as TRP channels, is named after their role in Drosophila visual phototransduction. This family, containing at least 28 members, is diverse in its mec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood or urine. Physiological ketosis is a normal response to low glucose availability, such as low-carbohydrate diets or fasting, that provides an additional energy source for the brain in the form of ketones. In physiological ketosi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There is evidence that immunological mechanisms may injure hypothermically perfused kidneys after reimplantation if the perfusate contained specific antibody. Cross described two pairs of human cadaver kidneys that were perfused simultaneously with cryoprecipitated plasma containing type specific HLA antibody to one of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Live copepods are used in the saltwater aquarium hobby as a food source and are generally considered beneficial in most reef tanks. They are scavengers and also may feed on algae, including coralline algae. Live copepods are popular among hobbyists who are attempting to keep particularly difficult species such as the m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hattori's research interest has also extended to porphyry-type deposits, which supply critical metals such as copper, molybdenum, and gold. Through her research, she presented evidence supporting the notion that sulfur and metals have their origin in the mantle, and proposed that they were extracted and transported by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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