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Commercially available siliconates include potassium methyl siliconate (CAS 31795-24-1, CHKOSi) and sodium methyl siliconate (CAS 16589-43-8, CHNaOSi). These are supplied as a concentrate in water with an active content of between 30 and 40% by weight. This solution is further diluted in water prior to their applicatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depletion of inorganic phosphate within the cell is required for activation of the Pho regulon in most prokaryotes. In the most commonly studied bacterium, E. coli, seven total proteins are used to detect intracellular levels of inorganic phosphate along with transfusing that signal appropriately. Of the seven proteins... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of metal halides intercalate into graphite. The chloride derivatives have been most extensively studied. Examples include (M = Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn), (M = Al, Fe, Ga), (M = Zr, Pt), etc. The materials consists of layers of close-packed metal halide layers between sheets of carbon. The derivative exhibits spin gl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rodents are usually used in animal test. The chemicals under
test are usually administered in the food and in the drinking water, but sometimes by dermal application, by gavage, or by inhalation, and carried out over the major part of the life span for rodents. In tests that check for carcinogens, maximum tolerated dos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An enzyme repressor is a substance that negatively regulates the amount of an enzyme by decreasing the rate of its biosynthesis. It is the opposite of an enzyme inducer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanorods, similar in size to quantum dots, have tunable optical and electronic properties. Based on their size and material composition, it is possible to tune the maximum absorption peak for nanorods during their synthesis. This control has led to the creation of photosensitizing nanorods. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Golden Elixir Press is an independent publisher of books and occasional papers on Taoism and Taoist Internal Alchemy (Neidan). The press was founded in 2009. As of March 2019, it had published about two dozen works, some of which are concerned with other traditions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sufism.
According to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trommel screens have a rotating drum on a shallow angle with screen panels around the diameter of the drum. The feed material always sits at the bottom of the drum and, as the drum rotates, always comes into contact with clean screen. The oversize travels to the end of the drum as it does not pass through the screen, w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DPN evolved directly from AFM so it is not a surprise that people often assume that any commercial AFM can perform DPN experiments. In fact, DPN does not require an AFM, and an AFM does not necessarily have real DPN capabilities. There is an excellent analogy with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron beam ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Cross-linkage: another irreversible method that does not require a support material for the attachment of enzyme molecules. In this technique, the molecules of enzymes are covalently bonded to each other to create a matrix consisting of almost only enzyme. The reaction ensures that the binding site does not cover the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The action of water on rock over long periods of time typically leads to weathering and water erosion, physical processes that convert solid rocks and minerals into soil and sediment, but under some conditions chemical reactions with water occur as well, resulting in metasomatism or mineral hydration, a type of chemica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kurnakov test is sometimes used to detect transplatin in samples of the drug cisplatin. In hot aqueous solution, the cis-compound reacts with aqueous thiourea (tu) to give a deeper yellow solution, from which yellow needles of [Pt(tu)]Cl chloride deposit on cooling. The trans-compound gives a colourless solution, f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plant breeders emphasize selection and development of disease-resistant plant lines. Plant diseases can also be partially controlled by use of pesticides and by cultivation practices such as crop rotation, tillage, planting density, disease-free seeds and cleaning of equipment, but plant varieties with inherent (geneti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sanger–Black apparatus is a piece of chemical laboratory ware used for quantitative and semi-quantitative determination of arsenic element in the solution. It is constituted by glass bottle of volume ca. 30 mL, sealed with rubber stopper with one or two holes. Through one hole a thistle tube is inserted, almost reachin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Where
* is the pressure
* is the identity matrix
* is the deviatoric stress tensor
That is, pulling is positive stress and pushing is negative stress. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Soil gases have been used for multiple scientific studies to explore topics such as microseepage, earthquakes, and gaseous exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. Microseepage refers to the limited release of hydrocarbons on the soil surface and can be used to look for petroleum deposits based on the assumption t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
:q = Heat per unit mass added into the system
Strictly speaking, enthalpy is a function of both temperature and density. However, invoking the common assumption of a calorically perfect gas, enthalpy can
be converted directly into temperature as given above, which enables one to define a stagnation temperature in terms... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The origin of surface stress is the difference between bonding in the bulk and at a surface. The bulk spacings set the values of the in-plane surface spacings, and consequently the in-plane distance between atoms. However, the atoms at the surface have a different bonding, so would prefer to be at a different spacing, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Usually only of transient existence, complexes of isonitrosyl ligands are known where the NO is coordinated by its oxygen atom. They can be generated by UV-irradiation of nitrosyl complexes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
is also formed in this process, via (n,2n) reactions between fast neutrons and , , and :
Unlike most even numbered heavy isotopes, is also a fissile fuel fissioning just over half the time when it absorbs a thermal neutron. has a relatively short half-life (), and some decay products emit high energy gamma radiation,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concentration of Zn in bulk silicate Earth is ~55 ppm, while its average concentration in fresh mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) glass is ~87 ppm. Like Cu, Zn commonly associates with Fe to form a variety of zinc sulfide minerals such as sphalerite. Additionally, Zn associates with carbonates and hydroxides to form ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The name Golden Gate Assembly comes from a proposal of Yuri Gleba. It shall refer on the one hand to the Gateway Technology, on the other hand picture the higher precision with a bridge connecting the streets of two shores seamlessly. One of the most well known bridges is the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfonyl bromides have the general formula RSOBr. In contrast to sulfonyl chlorides, sulfonyl bromides readily undergo light-induced homolysis affording sulfonyl radicals, which can add to alkenes, as illustrated by the use of bromomethanesulfonyl bromide, BrCHSOBr in Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction syntheses. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EDLs have an additional parameter defining their characterization: differential capacitance. Differential capacitance, denoted as C, is described by the equation below:
where σ is the surface charge and ψ is the electric surface potential. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Junes Ipaktschi (born October 25, 1940, in Tabriz, Iran) is an Iranian organic chemist and professor of the Department of Organic Chemistry at the University of Giessen. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike typical diffusion, anomalous diffusion is described by a power law, where is the so-called generalized diffusion coefficient and is the elapsed time. The classes of anomalous diffusions are classified as follows:
* α < 1: subdiffusion. This can happen due to crowding or walls. For example, a random walker in a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For the special case of simple cubic crystals, the lattice vectors are orthogonal and of equal length (usually denoted a); similarly for the reciprocal lattice. So, in this common case, the Miller indices (ℓmn) and [ℓmn] both simply denote normals/directions in Cartesian coordinates. For cubic crystals with lattice con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In winter conditions, or in cold climates, when the temperature falls below , the crystallization of ice in the pores of concrete is also a physical mechanism (change of state) responsible for the volumetric expansion of a substance exerting a high tensile strength inside the concrete matrix. When the tensile strength ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using this notation, Woodward and Hoffmann state in their 1969 review the general formulation for all pericyclic reactions as follows:
and (4r) components is odd.</blockquote>
Here, (4q + 2) and (4r) refer to suprafacial (4q + 2)-electron and antarafacial (4r)-electron components, respectively. Moreover, this criteri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Within computational biology, an MA plot is an application of a Bland–Altman plot for visual representation of genomic data. The plot visualizes the differences between measurements taken in two samples, by transforming the data onto M (log ratio) and A (mean average) scales, then plotting these values. Though original... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An apoenzyme (or, generally, an apoprotein) is the protein without any small-molecule cofactors, substrates, or inhibitors bound. It is often important as an inactive storage, transport, or secretory form of a protein. This is required, for instance, to protect the secretory cell from the activity of that protein.
Apoe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
P700, or photosystem I primary donor, is the reaction-center chlorophyll a molecular dimer associated with photosystem I in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The NRTL parameters are fitted to activity coefficients that have been derived from experimentally determined phase equilibrium data (vapor–liquid, liquid–liquid, solid–liquid) as well as from heats of mixing. The source of the experimental data are often factual data banks like the Dortmund Data Bank. Other options ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physical chemistry, a hot atom is an atom that has a high kinetic or internal energy.
When molecule AB adsorbs on a surface dissociatively,
# both A and B adsorb on the surface, or
# only A adsorbs on the surface, and B desorbs from the surface.
In case 2, B gains a high translational energy from the adsorption ener... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electron transport protein plastocyanin is present in the lumen and shuttles electrons from the cytochrome b6f protein complex to photosystem I. While plastoquinones are lipid-soluble and therefore move within the thylakoid membrane, plastocyanin moves through the thylakoid lumen.
The lumen of the thylakoids is als... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most herbicides are applied as water-based sprays using ground equipment. Ground equipment varies in design, but large areas can be sprayed using self-propelled sprayers equipped with long booms, of with spray nozzles spaced every apart. Towed, handheld, and even horse-drawn sprayers are also used. On large areas, he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Apart from life sciences, specialty chemicals -and therefore also their active ingredients, commodities or fine chemicals, as the case may be- are used ubiquitously, in both industrial applications, such as biocides and corrosion inhibitors in cooling water towers, and consumer applications, such as personal care and h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Antibiotics
** Actinomycin
** Bacitracin
** Calcium dependent antibiotic
** Daptomycin
** Vancomycin
** Teixobactin
** Tyrocidine
** Gramicidin
** Zwittermicin A
* Antibiotic precursors
** ACV-Tripeptide
* Cytostatics
** Epothilone
**Fabclavine
** Bleomycin
* Immunosuppressants
** Ciclosporin (Cyclosporine A)
* Sider... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although little is known about the mechanism of the adaptive response, it is believed that changes in gene transcription and the activation of cellular defenses are involved. It has recently been suggested that specific mechanistic pathways of the adaptive response can active the important tumor suppressor protein p53.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LAGP crystals belong to the space group D - Rc. The factor group analysis of NASICON-type materials with general formula MMPO (where M stands for a monovalent metal ion like Na, Li or K, and M represents a tetravalent cation such as Ti, Ge, Sn, Zr or Hf) is usually performed assuming the separation between internal vib... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From 1946 through 1993, thirteen countries used ocean disposal or ocean dumping as a method to dispose of nuclear/radioactive waste with an approximation of 200,000 tons sourcing mainly from the medical, research and nuclear industry.
Ocean floor disposal of radioactive waste has been suggested by the finding that deep... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ekman pumping is the component of Ekman transport that results in areas of downwelling due to the convergence of water. As discussed above, the concept of mass conservation requires that a pile up of surface water must be pushed downward. This pile up of warm, nutrient-poor surface water gets pumped vertically down the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The daily light integral (DLI) is the number of photosynthetically active photons (photons in the PAR range) accumulated in a square meter over the course of a day. It is a function of photosynthetic light intensity and duration (day length) and is usually expressed as moles of light (mol photons) per square meter (m) ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The radius ratio rule defines a critical radius ratio for different crystal structures, based on their coordination geometry. The idea is that the anions and cations can be treated as incompressible spheres, meaning the crystal structure can be seen as a kind of unequal sphere packing. The allowed size of the cation fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A crystal family is determined by lattices and point groups. It is formed by combining crystal systems that have space groups assigned to a common lattice system. In three dimensions, the hexagonal and trigonal crystal systems are combined into one hexagonal crystal family. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The build-up of calc-sinter material in the Eifel Aqueduct was commercially exploited in the 11th and 12th centuries. With deposits up to thick, the material was cut into vertical columns of polished brown rock with impressive layered patterns, which made it much in demand by cathedral builders across large parts of c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends definitions for several classes of chain-growth polymerization. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Theodor Körner Prize for Science and Art in Austria, 1970
*Ernst Späth Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1976
*Sandoz Prize, 1977
*Election to corresponding member of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1989
*Election to corresponding member of the Mathematical and Natural Sciences Class of the Austrian Academy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The periodic presence of euxinic conditions in the Lower Cambrian has been supported by evidence found on the Yangtze platform in South China. Sulfur isotopes during the transition from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic give evidence for widespread euxinia, perhaps lasting throughout the Cambrian period. Towards the end of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [https://archive.org/stream/philtrans00033709/00033709#page/n0/mode/2up On the force of percussion], 1805 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An absorption or release of nuclear energy occurs in nuclear reactions or radioactive decay; those that absorb energy are called endothermic reactions and those that release energy are exothermic reactions. Energy is consumed or released because of differences in the nuclear binding energy between the incoming and outg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pseudocopulation is achieved when a flower successfully mimics the appearance and the pheromones emitted by the female of an insect species. The chemicals emitted by the mimicking species work to draw these pollinators to the plant and increase the number of visits to and time spent on the flower. This increases the ch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mechanical revolving blade fans are made in a wide range of designs. They are used on the floor, table, desk, or hung from the ceiling (ceiling fan), and can be built into a window, wall, roof, etc. Electronic systems generating significant heat such as computers incorporate fans. Appliances such as hair dryers and spa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proteins are normally hydrolysed slowly even without enzymes or bacteria, with a half life of 460 years, but can be preserved if they are desiccated, pickled or frozen. Being enclosed in bone also helps preservation. Over time the amino acids tend to racemize, and those with more functional groups are lost earlier. Pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dragendorffs reagent is a color reagent to detect alkaloids in a test sample or as a stain for chromatography plates. Alkaloids, if present in the solution of sample, will react with Dragendorffs reagent and produce an orange or orange-red precipitate. This reagent was invented by the German pharmacologist, Johann Geor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domain (LOV domain) is a protein sensor used by a large variety of higher plants, microalgae, fungi and bacteria to sense environmental conditions. In higher plants, they are used to control phototropism, chloroplast relocation, and stomatal opening, whereas in fungal organisms, they are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nano spray dryers refer to using spray drying to create particles in the nanometer range. Spray drying is a gentle method for producing powders with a defined particle size out of solutions, dispersions, and emulsions which is widely used for pharmaceuticals, food, biotechnology, and other industrial materials synthes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2011, the U.S. Army product manager for the Decontamination Family of Systems (DFoS) began a market research project to identify potential prototype CIDAS technologies that could help soldiers locate chemical and biological warfare agents (CBWA), non-traditional agents (NTAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) on... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cytoplasmic domains of the EpoR contain a number of phosphotyrosines that are phosphorylated by Jak2 and serve as docking sites for a variety of intracellular pathway activators and Stats (such as Stat5). In addition to activating Ras/AKT and ERK/MAP kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway and STAT transc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a commonly used molecular biology tool for amplifying DNA, and various techniques for PCR optimization which have been developed by molecular biologists to improve PCR performance and minimize failure. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nathan Gallup Williams Haynes (29 July 1886, Detroit – 16 November 1970, Stonington, Connecticut) was an American journalist, editor, publisher, and historian of chemistry. He is best known for his 6-volume American Chemical Industry: A History. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diazomethane is both isomeric and isoelectronic with the more stable cyanamide, but they cannot interconvert.
Many substituted derivatives of diazomethane have been prepared:
*The very stable (CF)CN (2-diazo-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane; b.p. 12–13 °C),
*PhCN (diazodiphenylmethane; m.p. 29–30 °C).
*(CH)SiCHN (trimethy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
B. subtilis is a soil-dwelling microbe that uses quorum sensing to regulate two different biological processes: competence and sporulation. During stationary growth phase when B. subtilis are at high cell density, approximately 10% of the cells in a population are induced to become competent. It is believed that this... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Only few naturally occurring compounds exhibit the isocyanide functionality. The first was discovered in 1957 in an extract of the mold Penicillium notatum. The compound xanthocillin later was used as an antibiotic. Since then numerous other isocyanides have been isolated. Most of the marine isocyanides are terpenoid, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The study of these airs interfaced with phlogiston theory.
The therapeutic potential of factitious airs were widely investigated with significant contributions by Thomas Beddoes, James Watt, James Lind, Humphry Davy, and others at the Pneumatic Institution. Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (related to Henry t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While it is useful to study bulk cell entities, there is an underlying need to study an individual or single cell as it will provide a better understanding of how it contributes to the entity as a whole. It was found that the utilization of electrochemical techniques could analyze cells without interrupting cellular ac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The completed core snRNP-snurportin 1 complex is transported into the nucleus via the protein importin β. Inside the nucleus, the core snRNPs appear in the Cajal bodies, where final assembly of the snRNPs take place. This consists of additional proteins and other modifications specific to the particular snRNP (U1, U2... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dicerandrol C is a natural product. It is a less toxic isomer of phomoxanthone A (PXA) and phomoxanthone B (PXB), all three of which are members of the class of phomoxanthone compounds. The phomoxanthones are named after the fungus Phomopsis, from which they were first isolated, and after their xanthonoid structure. Ch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Amongst the other newly steel-producing countries, in 2017 South Korea produces 71 million tonnes, nearly double Germany; and Brazil 34 million tonnes; all three countries have not changed much since 2011.
Indian steel production in 2017 is just over 100 million tonnes; up substantially from 70 million tonnes in 2011 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Infiltration basins must be carefully designed to infiltrate the soil on a given site at a rate that will not cause flooding. They may be less effective in areas with:
* High groundwater levels, close to the infiltrating surface
* Compacted soils
* High levels of sediment in stormwater
* High clay soil content.
At som... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spiling is a traditional technique used in temperate regions of the world for the prevention of erosion to river and stream banks.
Willow spiling is currently used in the United Kingdom; live willow rods are woven between live willow uprights and the area behind is filled with soil for the willow to root into.
Kiplings... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Besides the above-mentioned two most commonly used family of techniques, a wide range of protocols were developed to measure chemotactic activity. Some of them are only qualitative, like aggregation tests, where small pieces of agar or filters are placed onto a slide and accumulation of cells around is measured.
In ano... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first synthetic porphyrin isomer was reported by Emanual Vogel and coworkers in 1986. This isomer [18]porphyrin-(2.0.2.0) is named as porphycene, and the central N Cavity forms a rectangle shape as shown in figure. Porphycenes showed interesting photophysical behavior and found versatile compound towards the photo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leaching is done in long pressure vessels which are cylindrical (horizontal or vertical) or of horizontal tube form known as autoclaves. A good example of the autoclave leach process can also be found in the metallurgy of zinc. It is best described by the following chemical reaction:
This reaction proceeds at temperatu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (also called R-134 or HFC-134) is a hydrofluorocarbon, a fluorinated alkane. It is an isomer of the more-used 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). It is used as a foam expansion agent and heat transfer fluid. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Contrastingly, reversible electroporation occurs when the electricity applied with the electrodes is below the electric field threshold of the target tissue. Because the electricity applied is below the cells' threshold, it allows the cells to repair their phospholipid bilayer and continue on with their normal cell fun... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The "a" of the penta- prefix is not dropped before a vowel. As the IUPAC Red Book 2005 page 69 states, "The final vowels of multiplicative prefixes should not be elided (although monoxide, rather than monooxide, is an allowed exception because of general usage)."
There are a number of exceptions and special cases that ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In June 1791, Lavoisier made a loan of 71,000 livres to Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours to buy a printing works so that du Pont could publish a newspaper, La Correspondance Patriotique. The plan was for this to include both reports of debates in the National Constituent Assembly as well as papers from the Academy of S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The material was first described in 1908. The catalyst was developed in North America by Homer Burton Adkins and Wilbur Arthur Lazier, partly based on interrogation of German chemists after World War II in relation to the Fischer–Tropsch process. For this reason it is sometimes referred to as the Adkins catalyst or the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxacillin, a derivative of methicillin, was first synthesized in the early 1960s as part of a research initiative led by Peter Doyle and John Naylor of Beecham, in consort with Bristol-Myers. Members of the isoxazolyl penicillin family, which includes cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and oxacillin, were synthesized to count... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The principle of the test is simple:
• A defined amount of distilled or deionized water is poured into the floor pan of the test chamber.
• The samples are placed in the chamber above the water level. The door or hood of the chamber is tightly closed and hermetically sealed for safety.
• A fixed volume of sulfur dio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Siloxanes are a premier example of an inorganic polymer, even though they have extensive organic substituents. Their backbond is composed of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, i.e. Si-O-Si-O... The silicon atoms bear two substituents, usually methyl as in the case of polydimethylsiloxane. Some uncommon but illust... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Loam molding has been used to produce large symmetrical objects such as cannon and church bells. Loam is a mixture of clay and sand with straw or dung. A model of the produced is formed in a friable material (the chemise). The mold is formed around this chemise by covering it with loam. This is then baked (fired) and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Linear electron transport through a photosystem will leave the reaction center of that photosystem oxidized. Elevating another electron will first require re-reduction of the reaction center. The excited electrons lost from the reaction center (P700) of photosystem I are replaced by transfer from plastocyanin, whose el... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dimensional analysis is most often used in physics and chemistry – and in the mathematics thereof – but finds some applications outside of those fields as well. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photaki was selected in 1962 by the US Department of Health, Education and Welfare among an international pool of candidates to conduct research by the side of Nobel laureate Vincent du Vigneaud at Cornell University. While in New York, she also delivered a short series of lectures both in Cornell and at the National I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The room at University College that Bowen used was subsequently named the Bowen room. It was used by Emeritus Fellows of the college and later occupied by Prof. Ruth Chang. Bowen's papers (1931–1980) are held by the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Powder diffraction patterns of very small single crystals, or crystallites, are subject to size-dependent peak broadening, which, below a certain size, renders powder diffraction fingerprinting useless. In this case, peak resolution is only possible in 3D reciprocal space,
i.e. by applying single-crystal electron diffr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Potassium tert-butoxide is a very strong base that rapidly attacks living tissue.
Potassium tert-butoxide forms explosive mixtures when treated with dichloromethane. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In meteorology, convective available potential energy (commonly abbreviated as CAPE), is the integrated amount of work that the upward (positive) buoyancy force would perform on a given mass of air (called an air parcel) if it rose vertically through the entire atmosphere. Positive CAPE will cause the air parcel to ris... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
We begin with the incompressible form of the momentum equation. The equation has been divided through by the density (P = p/ρ) and density has been absorbed into the body force term.
The equation is integrated over the control volume of a computational cell.
The time-dependent term and the body force term are assumed c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A key insight applied by Boltzmann was to determine the collision term resulting solely from two-body collisions between particles that are assumed to be uncorrelated prior to the collision. This assumption was referred to by Boltzmann as the "" and is also known as the "molecular chaos assumption". Under this assumpti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. This gene and the gene that encodes ribonuclease, RNase A family, 4 share promoters and 5' exons. Each gene splices to a unique downstream exon that contains its complete coding region. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zintl phases that contain molecule-like polyanions will often separate into its constituent anions and cations in liquid ammonia, ethylenediamene, crown ethers, or cryptand solutions. Therefore, they are referred to as Zintl ions. The term clusters is also used to emphasize them as groups with homonuclear bonding. The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:
: (R, R' = organic fragments, usually aryl; M = main ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As mentioned previously, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the ability to metabolise a variety of substrates including n-alkanes, hexadecane and oils. Uptake of these hydrophobic substrates is speculated to rely on the production of rhamnolipids. It is thought that rhamnolipids either cause the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell sur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These systems check for large scale changes to the chromosomes and may be used with cell culture or in animal test. The chromosomes are stained and observed for any changes. Sister chromatid exchange is a symmetrical exchange of chromosome material between sister chromatids and may be correlated to the mutagenic or car... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microalgae have gained attention in recent years due to several reasons including their greater sensitivity to pollutants than many other organisms. In addition, they occur abundantly in nature, they are an essential component in very many food webs, they are easy to culture and to use in assays and there are few if an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The thermometric titrimetric analysis of sodium aluminate liquor ("Bayer liquor") in the production of alumina from bauxite is accomplished in an automated two titration sequence. This is an adaptation of a classic thermometric titration application (VanDalen and Ward, 1973). In the first titration, tartrate solution i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of additive effect is analogous to the concept of simple addition in mathematics. However, the additive effect is not simply the arithmetic summation of two (or more) drugs in most cases. For an additive inhibition effect, drug A and drug B could each inhibit 20% individually, but the additive effect is not... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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