text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Another important area of nuclear chemistry is the study of how fission products interact with surfaces; this is thought to control the rate of release and migration of fission products both from waste containers under normal conditions and from power reactors under accident conditions. Like chromate and molybdate, the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following sections outline the method of MeDIP coupled with either high-resolution array hybridization or high-throughput sequencing. Each DNA detection method will also briefly describe post-laboratory processing and analysis. Different post-processing of the raw data is required depending on the technology used... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Creutz–Taube complex is a robust, readily analyzed, mixed-valence complex consisting of otherwise equivalent Ru(II) and Ru(III) centers bridged by the pyrazine. This complex serves as a model for the bridged intermediate invoked in inner-sphere electron transfer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two older prefixes still commonly used to distinguish diastereomers are threo and erythro. In the case of saccharides, when drawn in the Fischer projection the erythro isomer has two identical substituents on the same side and the threo isomer has them on opposite sides. When drawn as a zig-zag chain, the erythro isome... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the hydration energy is greater than the lattice energy, then the enthalpy of solution is negative (heat is released), otherwise it is positive (heat is absorbed).
The hydration energy should not be confused with solvation energy, which is the change in Gibb's free energy (not enthalpy) as solute in the gaseous stat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Sn-Pb alloys, tensile strength increases with increasing tin content. Indium-tin alloys with high indium content have very low tensile strength.
For soldering semiconductor materials, e.g. die attachment of silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide, it is important that the solder contains no impurities that could... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elementary modes may be considered minimal realizable flow patterns through a biochemical network that can sustain a steady state. This means that elementary modes cannot be decomposed further into simpler pathways. All possible flows through a network can be constructed from linear combinations of the elementary modes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A severe shortage of potassium in body fluids may cause a potentially fatal condition known as hypokalemia. Hypokalemia typically results from loss of potassium through diarrhea, diuresis, or vomiting. Symptoms are related to alterations in membrane potential and cellular metabolism. Symptoms include muscle weaknes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium hydroxide is sometimes used during water purification to raise the pH of water supplies. Increased pH makes the water less corrosive to plumbing and reduces the amount of lead, copper and other toxic metals that can dissolve into drinking water. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drug discovery and development requires the integration of multiple scientific and technological disciplines. These include chemistry, biology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical technology and extensive use of information technology. The latter is increasingly recognised as Pharmacoinformatics. Pharmacoinformatics relates t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Pd–Cu bimetallic system was not discovered until 2006 when Goossen et al. reported a decarboxylative cross-coupling of aryl halides with ortho-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids.
Through subsequent studies it was found that the use of aryl triflates allowed substrate scope for cross-coupling to be extended to some... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At low temperatures, has an A- hexagonal crystal structure. The metal atoms are surrounded by a 7 coordinate group of atoms, the oxygen ions are in an octahedral shape around the metal atom and there is one oxygen ion above one of the octahedral faces. On the other hand, at high temperatures lanthanum oxide converts... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If an antigen can be recognized by more than one component of its structure, it is less likely to be "missed" by the immune system. Mutation of pathogenic organisms can result in modification of antigen—and, hence, epitope—structure. If the immune system "remembers" what the other epitopes look like, the antigen, and t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Finnish Alcoholic Beverages Act 1 March 2018 legalized the manufacture of fermented water and wine from fruits, berries and other carbohydrate sources, without the pretense of making proper wine. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A common way to determine the coordination number of an atom is by X-ray crystallography. Related techniques include neutron or electron diffraction. The coordination number of an atom can be determined straightforwardly by counting nearest neighbors.
α-Aluminium has a regular cubic close packed structure, fcc, where ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first known use of the word "aromatic" as a chemical term — namely, to apply to compounds that contain the phenyl radical — occurs in an article by August Wilhelm Hofmann in 1855. If this is indeed the earliest introduction of the term, it is curious that Hofmann says nothing about why he introduced an adjective i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are made of low-cost materials and do not need elaborate manufacturing equipment, so they can be made in a DIY fashion. In bulk it should be significantly less expensive than older solid-state cell designs. DSSC's can be engineered into flexible sheets and although its conversion effi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supramolecular catalysis is not a well-defined field but it generally refers to an application of supramolecular chemistry, especially molecular recognition and guest binding, toward catalysis. This field was originally inspired by enzymatic system which, unlike classical organic chemistry reactions, utilizes non-coval... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The great leonopteryx (Toruk in Navi, meaning last shadow) is the apex airborne predator native to Pandora. It is scientifically known as Leonopteryx rex, meaning "king lion-wing". The fierce beauty and nobility of the leonopteryx gave the species a place central to Navi lore and culture. The leonopteryx is scarlet wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Buoyant density centrifugation (also isopycnic centrifugation or equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation) uses the concept of buoyancy to separate molecules in solution by their differences in density. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Klaus Schmiegel was born in Chemnitz, Germany on June 28, 1939. After he immigrated to the United States in 1951, Schmiegel received a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Michigan, an A.M. in organic chemistry from Dartmouth College, and a Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Stanford University. His strong educational... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As the aggregation process continues, larger clusters form. The growth occurs mainly through encounters between different clusters, and therefore one refers to cluster-cluster aggregation process. The resulting clusters are irregular, but statistically self-similar. They are examples of mass fractals, whereby their mas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Monocytes / macrophages: the key chemokines that attract these cells to the site of inflammation include: CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13, CCL17 and CCL22.
*T-lymphocytes: the four key chemokines that are involved in the recruitment of T lymphocytes to the site of inflammation are: CCL2, CCL1, CCL22 and CCL17. Fur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The research shortened photosynthetic pathways in tobacco. Engineered crops grew taller and faster, yielding up to 40% more biomass. The study employed synthetic biology to construct new metabolic pathways and assessed their efficiency with and without transporter RNAi. The most efficient pathway increased light-use ef... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In principle one can calculate all the above thermodynamic observables from a single differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of the system assuming that the is independent of the temperature. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate values for this way. More accurately, the can be derived from the variations... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The maximum absorption of light is near 670 nm. The specifics of absorption depend on a number of factors, including protonation, adsorption to other materials, and metachromasy - the formation of dimers and higher-order aggregates depending on concentration and other interactions: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While at Strasbourg in 1981, Markovitsi joined the CNRS. Then she relocated to the Paris area, where she worked from 1985 until 2021 in the CEA Paris-Saclay, in joint research Laboratories of the CNRS and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. From 2001 to 2014, she was the director of the Franci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supramolecular equivalent of step-growth mechanism is commonly known as isodesmic or equal-K model (K represents the total binding interaction between two neighboring monomers). In isodesmic supramolecular polymerization, no critical temperature or concentration of monomers is required for the polymerization to occur ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Born in London to a silk merchant who died of tuberculosis when Ingold was five years old, Ingold began his scientific studies at Hartley University College at Southampton (now Southampton University) taking an external BSc in 1913 with the University of London. He then joined the laboratory of Jocelyn Field Thorpe at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of their importance in cell signaling and regulation, co-receptors have been implicated in a number of diseases and disorders. Co-receptor knockout mice are often unable to develop and such knockouts generally result in embryonic or perinatal lethality. In immunology in particular, the term "co-receptor" often ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 1950. Awarded the Corday-Morgan medal and Prize of the Chemical Society.
* 1955. Awarded the H G Smith Medal of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute.
* 1959. Elected Fellow of the Royal Society.
* 1959. Awarded the Royal Medal of the Royal Society of New South Wales.
* 1959. Elected Corresponding Member of the Fin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A combined sewer is a type of gravity sewer with a system of pipes, tunnels, pump stations etc. to transport sewage and urban runoff together to a sewage treatment plant or disposal site. This means that during rain events, the sewage gets diluted, resulting in higher flowrates at the treatment site. Uncontaminated sto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*DAD1 Defender against cell death
*DAP3 Involved in mediating interferon-gamma-induced cell death.
*DAXX Death Associated Protein 6 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Molecular Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the interface between chemistry and physics, in particular chemical physics and physical chemistry. It covers both theoretical and experimental molecular science, including electronic structure, molecular dynamics, spectroscopy, reaction kinet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TrkB agonists have received extensive interest from the scientific community resulting in the synthesis and biological evaluation of a large number of mimetics. Deoxygedunin, with a selective TrkB activity, is able to promote axon regeneration in topical treatments. Furthermore, it shows efficacy in two Parkinsons dise... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A hydrogen analyzer is a device used to measure the hydrogen concentration in steels and alloys when the hydrogen concentration is unknown. It also has industrial applications for corrosion monitoring. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. The technique itself is fast, contactless, and nondestructive. Therefore, it can be used to study the optoelectronic properties of materials of various sizes (from mic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Natural vanillin is extracted from the seed pods of Vanilla planifolia, a vining orchid native to Mexico, but now grown in tropical areas around the globe. Madagascar is presently the largest producer of natural vanillin.
As harvested, the green seed pods contain vanillin in the form of its β--glucoside; the green pod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The level of complementarity of the mRNA SD sequence to the ribosomal ASD greatly affects the efficiency of translation initiation. Richer complementarity results in higher initiation efficiency. It is worth noting that this only holds up to a certain point - having too rich of a complementarity is known to paradoxical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In vascular plant biology, electro-osmosis is also used as an alternative or supplemental explanation for the movement of polar liquids via the phloem that differs from the cohesion-tension theory supplied in the mass flow hypothesis and others, such as cytoplasmic streaming. Companion cells are involved in the "cyclic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1982 – Arnold O. Beckman Research Award, University of Illinois
*1983 – Established Investigator Award, American Heart Association
*2003 – Vilas Associate Award, UW-Madison | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
IMes is an abbreviation for an organic compound that is a common ligand in organometallic chemistry. It is an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The compound, a white solid, is often not isolated but instead is generated upon attachment to the metal centre.
First prepared by Arduengo, the heterocycle is synthesized by con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For liquid solutions, the osmotic coefficient is often used to calculate the salt activity coefficient from the solvent activity, or vice versa. For example, freezing point depression measurements, or measurements of deviations from ideality for other colligative properties, allows calculation of the salt activity coef... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DEB theory has been extended into many directions, such as
*effects of changes in shape during growth (e.g. V1-morphs and V0-morphs)
*non-standard embryo->juvenile->adult transitions, for example in holometabolic insects
*inclusion of more types of food (substrate), which requires synthesizing units to model
*inclus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metabolic pathways require tight regulation so that the proper compounds get produced in the proper amounts. Often, the first committed step is regulated by processes such as feedback inhibition and activation. Such regulation ensures that pathway intermediates do not accumulate, a situation that can be wasteful or eve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Koenigs–Knorr reaction in organic chemistry is the substitution reaction of a glycosyl halide with an alcohol to give a glycoside. It is one of the oldest glycosylation reactions. It is named after Wilhelm Koenigs (1851–1906), a student of von Baeyer and fellow student with Hermann Emil Fischer, and Edward Knorr, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
William Leonard Pickard earned a scholarship to Princeton University but dropped out after one term, instead preferring to hang out at Greenwich Village jazz clubs in New York City. In 1971, he got a job as a research manager at the University of California, Berkeley in the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Again under Thomsons leadership, Rutherford worked on the conductive effects of X-rays on gases, which led to the discovery of the electron, the results first presented by Thomson in 1897. Hearing of Henri Becquerels experience with uranium, Rutherford started to explore its radioactivity, discovering two types that di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For solutions, a slightly different equation is used:
In this equation, α (Greek letter "alpha") is the measured rotation in degrees, l is the path length in decimeters, c is the concentration in g/mL, T is the temperature at which the measurement was taken (in degrees Celsius), and λ is the wavelength in nanometers.
F... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The physician Valerius Cordus, son of the famous botanist Euricius Cordus, went through many woods and mountains discovering hundreds of new herbs. He gave lectures on Dioscorides at the University of Wittenberg, which experts from the university attended. Cordus had no intention of publishing his work. Five years afte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to the advent of computer-aided design (CAD) in the late 1980s, P&IDs were drawn by hand. The drawing template shown below, actual size 225.mm by 111 mm, is typical of those used to draw P&IDs.
Piping and instrumentation diagram manual drawing template (1980s). Symbol key: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pincer ligand is most often an anionic, two-electron donor to the metal centre. It consists of a rigid, planar backbone usually consisting of aryl frameworks and has two neutral, two-electron donor groups at the meta-positions. The general formula for pincer ligands is 2,6-(ER)CH – abbreviated ECE – where E is the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Goldschmidt classification,
developed by Victor Goldschmidt (1888–1947), is a geochemical classification which groups the chemical elements within the Earth according to their preferred host phases into lithophile (rock-loving), siderophile (iron-loving), chalcophile (sulfide ore-loving or chalcogen-loving), and at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Small-scale cupellation is based on the same principle as the one done in a cupellation hearth; the main difference lies in the amount of material to be tested or obtained. The minerals have to be crushed, roasted and smelted to concentrate the metallic components to separate the noble metals. By the Renaissance the us... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During the 1970s the BNF became the BNF Metals Technology Centre and moved out of London to Grove Laboratories, Denchworth Road, Wantage, Oxfordshire. Recognising globalisation, membership was then opened to companies based overseas. In 1990 the BNF bought Fulmer Research Laboratories from the Institute of Physics an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ocean can be conceptually divided into a surface layer within which water makes frequent (daily to annual) contact with the atmosphere, and a deep layer below the typical mixed layer depth of a few hundred meters or less, within which the time between consecutive contacts may be centuries. The dissolved inorganic c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. It is the main storage form of glucose in the human body.
Glycogen functions as one of three regularly used forms of energy reserves, creatine phosphate being for very short-term, glycogen bei... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dose-response curves can be constructed to describe response or ligand-receptor complex formation as a function of the ligand concentration. Antagonists make it harder to form these complexes by inhibiting interactions of the ligand with its receptor. This is seen as a change in the dose response curve: typically a rig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many nuclear-derived transcription factors have played a role in respiratory chain expression. These factors may have also contributed to the regulation of mitochondrial functions. Nuclear respiratory factor (NRF-1) fuses to respiratory encoding genes proteins, to the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis, and to elemen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The MRI was first noticed in a non-astrophysical context by Evgeny Velikhov in 1959 when considering the stability of Couette flow of an ideal hydromagnetic fluid. His result was later generalized by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in 1960. This mechanism was proposed by D. J. Acheson and Raymond Hide (1973) to perhaps play... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dissolved organic matter is a heterogeneous pool of thousands, likely millions, of organic compounds. These compounds differ not only in composition and concentration (from pM to μM), but also originate from various organisms (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria) and environments (terrestrial vegetation and soils,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The specific mechanism that underlies monolayer evaporation resistance has been attributed to the physical barrier formed by the presence of these materials on the surface of the water (see figure). The extent to which a material can resist the evaporation of water is best treated on a case-by-case basis, however, a nu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In IUPAC nomenclature, 1,1-ethenediyl describes the connectivity >C=CH. The related species ethenylidenes have the connectivity =C=CH. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers (NSChE) is an organization for chemical engineers in Nigeria. NSChE was officially inaugurated on 12 March 1969 at a meeting at BP House in Lagos attended by twenty four Chemical Engineers, all trained abroad. In 1999 it became a Division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This type of categorisation is from a pharmacological perspective and categorises them by their biological target. Drug classes that share a common molecular mechanism of action modulate the activity of a specific biological target. The definition of a mechanism of action also includes the type of activity at that biol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Despite its limitations, the OR technique benefited from its close association with the development of the polymerase chain reaction. Kary Mullis, who also worked at Cetus, had synthesized the oligonucleotide probes being tested by Saiki and Erlich. Aware of the problems they were encountering, he envisioned an alterna... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, molecules with a non-collinear arrangement of two adjacent bonds have bent molecular geometry, also known as angular or V-shaped. Certain atoms, such as oxygen, will almost always set their two (or more) covalent bonds in non-collinear directions due to their electron configuration. Water (HO) is an examp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Strongly alkaline soils are sodic and dispersive, with slow infiltration, low hydraulic conductivity and poor available water capacity. Plant growth is severely restricted because aeration is poor when the soil is wet; while in dry conditions, plant-available water is rapidly depleted and the soils become hard and clod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Both of his early treatises, De natura boni and De bono, start with a metaphysical investigation into the concepts of the good in general and the physical good. Albert refers to the physical good as bonum naturae. Albert does this before directly dealing with the moral concepts of metaphysics. In Alberts later works, h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle is a metabolic pathway induced in plants under hypoxic conditions which involves nitric oxide (NO) and phytoglobin (Pgb). It provides an alternative type of respiration to mitochondrial electron transport under the conditions of limited oxygen supply. Phytoglobin in hypoxic plants act... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Disiamylborane is prepared by hydroboration of trimethylethylene with diborane. The reaction stops at the secondary borane due to steric hindrance.
Disiamylborane is relatively selective for terminal alkynes and alkenes vs internal alkynes and alkenes. Like most hydroboration, the addition proceeds in an anti-Markovnik... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phlogiston theory states that phlogisticated substances contain phlogiston and that they dephlogisticate when burned, releasing stored phlogiston, which is absorbed by the air. Growing plants then absorb this phlogiston, which is why air does not spontaneously combust and also why plant matter burns. This method of acc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The barrier for the rotation of the alkene about the M-centroid vector is a measure of the strength of the M-alkene pi-bond. Low symmetry complexes are suitable for analysis of these rotational barriers associated with the metal-ethene bond.In CpRh(CH)(CF), the ethene ligand is observed to rotate with a barrier near 12... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fretting resistance is not an intrinsic property of a material, or even of a material couple. There are several factors affecting fretting behavior of a contact:
* Contact load
* Sliding amplitude
* Number of cycles
* Temperature
* Relative humidity
* Inertness of materials
* Corrosion and resulting motion-triggered co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Food sticks easily to a bare metal cooking surface; it must either be oiled or seasoned before use. The coating known as seasoning is formed by a process of repeatedly layering extremely thin coats of oil on the cookware and oxidizing each layer with medium-high heat for a time. This process is known as "seasoning"; th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Golgi enzymes play a key role in determining the synthesis of the various types of glycans. The order of action of the enzymes is reflected in their position in the Golgi stack: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The general equation for for species in a mixture of components is:
with
There are several different equation forms for and , the most general of which are shown above. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A glidants effect is due to the counter-action of factors that cause poor flowability of powders. For instance, correcting surface irregularity, reducing interparticular friction and decreasing surface charge. The result is a decrease in the angle of repose which is an indication of an enhanced powders flowability. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A perturbation of nuclear spin orientations from equilibrium will occur only when an oscillating magnetic field is applied whose frequency ν sufficiently closely matches the Larmor precession frequency ν of the nuclear magnetization. The populations of the spin-up and -down energy levels then undergo Rabi oscillations,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The upper molecular-weight limit for a small molecule is approximately 900 daltons, which allows for the possibility to rapidly diffuse across cell membranes so that it can reach intracellular sites of action. This molecular weight cutoff is also a necessary but insufficient condition for oral bioavailability as it all... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A gasket used in a diamond anvil cell experiment is a thin metal foil, typically 0.3 mm in thickness, which is placed in between the diamonds. Desirable materials for gaskets are strong, stiff metals such as rhenium or tungsten. Steel is frequently used as a cheaper alternative for low pressure experiments. The above-m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Seipin is a homo-oligomeric integral membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that concentrates at junctions with cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs). Alternatively, seipin can be referred to as Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 protein (BSCL2), and it is encoded by the corresponding gene of the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To measure a PDRC surface's cooling power, the absorbed powers of atmospheric and solar radiations must be quantified. PDRC should not be measured when the surface is in a balanced or controlled state, but rather in a real-world setting. Standardized devices to measure PDRC effectiveness have been proposed.
Evaluating ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alogliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DDP-4) that decreases blood sugar levels similar to other DPP-4 inhibitors. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hyperpolarization is a change in membrane potential. Neuroscientists measure it using a technique known as patch clamping that allows them to record ion currents passing through individual channels. This is done using a glass micropipette, also called a patch pipette, with a 1 micrometer diameter. There is a small patc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
War sand is sand contaminated by remains of projectiles used in war. This kind of sand has been found in Normandy, since the invasion of Normandy, among other places. In 1988, the sand on Omaha Beach was discovered to contain man-made metal and glass particles deriving from shrapnel; 4% of the sand in the sample was co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Different configurations can be used to perform Raman-SEC experiments. Raman scattering provides spectra with very weak Raman bands, therefore, a very well aligned optical configuration is required. Laser has to be focused on the electrode surface and an efficient collection of the scattered photons is mandatory. Many ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Portlethen Moss is a recognised nature preserve by the Scottish Wildlife Trust (with designation PLM076) and the Aberdeenshire Council. While peat cutting was conducted in prehistoric and Middle Ages times, there has been no harvesting of peat in the modern era. There is some ongoing loss of moss habitat from cattl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stephanopoulos has authored more than 400 journal articles on the topics of biotechnology, bioinformatics, and metabolic engineering. These include:
* Gregory Stephanopoulos, R. Aris, A. G. Fredrickson. "A stochastic analysis of the growth of competing microbial populations in a continuous biochemical reactor", Mathem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*[http://shahid.mbc.net/media/video/28404/%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9_351 Report and Interview with Eng. Mohamed Osman Baloola in MBC in Week, MBC TV .(08:05 - 18:10) ]
*[http://www.alhurra.com/media/video/210481.html?z=0&zp=1 R... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The flame point of a material is a temperature value at which sustained flame can be supported on the material once ignited by an external source. Once the flame point of a material is reached, it produces enough fuel vapors or oils to support continuous burning. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfates in solution in contact with concrete can cause chemical changes to the cement, which can cause significant microstructural effects leading to the weakening of the cement binder (chemical sulfate attack). Sulfate solutions can also cause damage to porous cementitious materials through crystallization and recrys... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The portion of the MLSS that is actually eating the incoming food(in terms of COD & BOD) is referred to as the Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS). The volatile solids concentration in a sample of mixed liquor will consist mostly of microorganisms and organic matter. As a result, the volatile solids concen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amino acids can also be classified according to how many different amino acids they can be exchanged by through single nucleotide substitution.
* Typical amino acids - there are several other amino acids which they can change into through single nucleotide substitution. Typical amino acids and their alternatives usuall... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Similar to DNA markers, these markers are typically composed of purified proteins whose molecular masses are already known. The list below outlines some of the proteins, as well as the molecular mass, that are commonly used when constructing a protein marker. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
N-linked glycosylation is a very prevalent form of glycosylation and is important for the folding of many eukaryotic glycoproteins and for cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix attachment. The N-linked glycosylation process occurs in eukaryotes in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and widely in archa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In geophysics, the Rayleigh number is of fundamental importance: it indicates the presence and strength of convection within a fluid body such as the Earths mantle. The mantle is a solid that behaves as a fluid over geological time scales. The Rayleigh number for the Earths mantle due to internal heating alone, Ra, is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antidepressant exposure (including escitalopram) is associated with shorter duration of pregnancy (by three days), increased risk of preterm delivery (by 55%), lower birth weight (by 75 g), and lower Apgar scores (by <0.4 points). Antidepressant exposure is not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other functional groups can undergo similar hydrolysis reactions. For instance, geminal trihalides (e.g. benzotrichloride) can be partially hydrolyzed to acyl halides (e.g. benzoyl chloride) in a similar way. Further hydrolysis yields carboxylic acids. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A photocarcinogen is a substance which causes cancer when an organism is exposed to it, then illuminated. Many chemicals that are not carcinogenic can be photocarcinogenic when combined with exposure to light, especially UV. This can easily be understood from a photochemical perspective: The reactivity of a chemical ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.