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Spectral responsivity is a similar measurement, but it has different units: amperes per watt (A/W); (i.e. how much current comes out of the device per unit of incident light power). Responsivity is ordinarily specified for monochromatic light (i.e. light of a single wavelength). Both the quantum efficiency and the resp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some well-known brands of glass-ceramics are Pyroceram, Ceran, Eurokera, Zerodur, and Macor. Nippon Electric Glass is a predominant worldwide manufacturer of glass ceramics, whose related products in this area include FireLite [https://www.neg.co.jp/en/product/cg/firelite] and NeoCeram [https://www.neg.co.jp/en/product... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboxylic acids are polar. Because they are both hydrogen-bond acceptors (the carbonyl ) and hydrogen-bond donors (the hydroxyl ), they also participate in hydrogen bonding. Together, the hydroxyl and carbonyl group form the functional group carboxyl. Carboxylic acids usually exist as dimers in nonpolar media due to t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT)
A radioactively labeled analogue of minigastrin, PP-F11, conjugated with NOTA, DOTA, or NODAGA, was studied to view the effects they have on peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and cancer cell tracing. When mice with CCK2 tumors were injected with 64Cu-labeled DOTA-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tailings contain heavy metals and radioactive radium. Radium then decays over thousands of years and radioactive radon gas is produced. Tailings are kept in piles for long-term storage or disposal and need to be maintained and monitored for leaks over the long term.
If uranium tailings are stored aboveground and allowe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Firefly luciferase is the light-emitting enzyme responsible for the bioluminescence of fireflies and click beetles. The enzyme catalyses the oxidation of firefly luciferin, requiring oxygen and ATP. Because of the requirement of ATP, firefly luciferases have been used extensively in biotechnology. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition to the qualities mentioned for Genetic engineering, a Genetic tool also:-
* Used for analysis of gene expression and protein functioning in signature-tagging mutagenesis.
** This analytical tool allows researchers the ability to determine phenotypic expression of gene sequences. Also, this analytic techniqu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PCAF forms complexes with numerous proteins that guide its activity. For example PCAF is recruited by ATF to acetylate histones and promote transcription of ATF4 target genes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as:
:HInd + +
where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind" is the conjugate base of the indicator.
Vice versa for basic pH indicators in aqueous solution... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wu was born 1 January 1928 in Jinan, Shandong, Republic of China. He graduated from the Department of Chemistry of Fudan University in 1951, and was hired as a faculty member by the university. In September 1954, he began his graduate studies in the Department of Chemistry of the Moscow State University, and earned his... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The study of dynamics in multiferroic systems is concerned with understanding the time evolution of the coupling between various ferroic orders, in particular under external applied fields. Current research in this field is motivated both by the promise of new types of application reliant on the coupled nature of the d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the International System of Units (SI), the coherent unit for molar concentration is mol/m. However, most chemical literature traditionally uses mol/dm, which is the same as mol/L. This traditional unit is often called a molar and denoted by the letter M, for example:
:1 mol/m = 10 mol/dm = 10 mol/L = 10 M = 1 mM = ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The GUS reporter system (GUS: β-glucuronidase) is a reporter gene system, particularly useful in plant molecular biology and microbiology. Several kinds of GUS reporter gene assay are available, depending on the substrate used. The term GUS staining refers to the most common of these, a histochemical technique. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In cell biology and protein biochemistry, heterologous expression means that a protein is experimentally put into a cell that does not normally make (i.e., express) that protein. Heterologous (meaning derived from a different organism) refers to the fact that often the transferred protein was initially cloned from or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The very nature of hyrax middens implies that they comprise a mixture of materials, which include animal metabolic products, undigested food, and any allochtonous material blown into the middens or deposited via feet or fur. In terms of organic matter, the existence of such potentially distinct sources (i.e. extraneous... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The second annual Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry Conference was held virtually on Thursday, August 13, 2020, and Friday, August 14, 2020.
2020 Career Panel featured Shanina Sanders Johnson (Spelman College), Davita Watkins (Univ of Mississippi), Niki Patel (Merck), Stacy Fosu (Abbvie), Beth Lorsbach (Corteva Agr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The combined RT-PCR and qPCR technique has been described as quantitative RT-PCR or real-time RT-PCR (sometimes even called quantitative real-time RT-PCR), has been variously abbreviated as qRT-PCR, RT-qPCR, RRT-PCR, and rRT-PCR. In order to avoid confusion, the following abbreviations will be used consistently throug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A melatonergic agent (or drug) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the melatonin system in the body or brain. Examples include melatonin receptor agonists and melatonin receptor antagonists. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
__NOTOC__
Binary chemical weapons or munitions are chemical weapons which contain the toxic agent in its active state as chemical precursors that are significantly less toxic than the agent. This improves the safety of storing, transporting, and disposing of the weapon. Commonly, firing the munition removes a barrier b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
James Prescott Joule first published in December 1840, an abstract in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, suggesting that heat could be generated by an electrical current. Joule immersed a length of wire in a fixed mass of water and measured the temperature rise due to a known current flowing through the wire for a 3... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-agonists are used to treat asthma, an inflammatory disease in the airways. The inflammation makes the bronchia sensitive to some factors in the environment, which causes bronchoconstriction. When this constriction occurs, the airways get narrow and it causes symptoms like wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A special class of closed-cell foams, known as syntactic foam, contains hollow particles embedded in a matrix material. The spheres can be made from several materials, including glass, ceramic, and polymers. The advantage of syntactic foams is that they have a very high strength-to-weight ratio, making them ideal mater... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RASSLs and DREADDs are families of designer G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) built specifically to allow for precise spatiotemporal control of GPCR signaling in vivo. These engineered GPCRs are unresponsive to endogenous ligands but can be activated by nanomolar concentrations of pharmacologically inert, drug-like s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To produce titanium foams via expansion of pressurized gas, the titanium precursor mixture is placed within a gas-tight metal can, which is evacuated after filling. The metal can is pressurized with inert gas—most commonly argon – and is pressed isostatically. The gas-filled pores are contained within the compacted mat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In selective ion monitoring (SIM) certain ion fragments are entered into the instrument method and only those mass fragments are detected by the mass spectrometer. The advantages of SIM are that the detection limit is lower since the instrument is only looking at a small number of fragments (e.g. three fragments) durin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CDP works with corporations, cities, states, and regions to help develop carbon emissions reductions strategies. The collection of self-reported data from the companies is supported by over 800 institutional investors with about US$100 trillion in assets.
Much of the data elicited has never been collected before. This ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics. It is an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by more or less permeable or impermeable walls. In thermodynamic equilibrium, there are no net macroscopic flows of matter nor of e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The total volume available for small spheres increases when the excluded volumes around large spheres overlap. The increased volume allotted for small spheres allows them greater translational freedom which increases their entropy. Because the canonical ensemble is an athermal system at a constant volume the Helmholtz ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a targeted treatment, the visibility and accessibility of the transition in the welded areas are required.
Existing structures typically are prepared at the transition for surface finishing. The parts must be free of loose rust and old paint. If necessary, previous sandblasting is required.
The device operates with... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pullulan bioconjugates are systems that use pullulan as a scaffold to attach biological materials to, such as drugs. These systems can be used to enhance the delivery of drugs to specific environments or the mechanism of delivery. These systems can be used in order to deliver drugs in response to stimuli, create a more... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first instance of a self-cleaning surface was created in 1995. Paz et al. created a transparent titanium dioxide (TiO) film that was used to coat glass and provide the ability for the glass to self-clean. The first commercial application of this self-cleaning surface, Pilkington Activ, was developed by Pilkington g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Carbon
* Hydrogen
* Oxygen
* Nitrogen
* Phosphorus
* Potassium
* Sulfur
* Calcium
* Magnesium
* Iron
* Boron
* Manganese
* Copper
* Zinc
* Nickel
* Chlorine | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Foreign DNA inserted
* Insertional mutagenesis (but not lethal for the plant cell – as the organism is diploid)
* Transformation DNA fed to rodents ends up in their phagocytes and rarely in other cells. Specifically, this refers to bacterial and M13 DNA. (This preferential accumulation in phagocytes is thought to be ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Viral RdRps were discovered in the early 1960s from studies on mengovirus and polio virus when it was observed that these viruses were not sensitive to actinomycin D, a drug that inhibits cellular DNA-directed RNA synthesis. This lack of sensitivity suggested that there is a virus-specific enzyme that could copy RNA fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Prefil method is similar to PoDFA but, in addition to the metallographic analysis, Prefil provides also an immediate feedback on metal cleanliness from the metal flowrate through the filter. Because everything about the filtration is well controlled (pressure, metal temperature, ...), the only parameter affecting t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Laser spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique that uses lasers to be able determine the emitted frequencies of matter. The laser was invented because spectroscopists took the concept of its predecessor, the maser, and applied it to the visible and infrared ranges of light. The maser was invented by Charles Townes and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cortisone acetate exists in at least five different polymorphs, four of which are unstable in water and change to a stable form. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As expected, the concentration of the unknown will have some error which can be calculated from the formula below. This formula assumes that a linear relationship is observed for all the standards. It is important to note that the error in the concentration will be minimal if the signal from the unknown lies in the mid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following example illustrates how a Boolean network can model a GRN together with its gene products (the outputs) and the substances from the environment that affect it (the inputs). Stuart Kauffman was amongst the first biologists to use the metaphor of Boolean networks to model genetic regulatory networks.
# Each... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plasma spraying offers versatility of usable coatings, and high-temperature performance. Plasma spraying can accommodate a wide range of materials, versus other techniques. As long as the difference between melting and decomposition temperatures is greater than 300 K, plasma spraying is viable. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term archaerhodopsin is a portmanteau of archaea (the domain in which the proteins are found) and rhodopsin (a photoreceptor responsible for vision in the mammalian eye).
:archaea from Ancient Greek [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%E1%BF%96%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek ἀρχαῖα] (arkhaîa, "anc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycoinformatics is a field of bioinformatics that pertains to the study of carbohydrates involved in protein post-translational modification. It broadly includes (but is not restricted to) database, software, and algorithm development for the study of carbohydrate structures, glycoconjugates, enzymatic carbohydrate sy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a NONOate is a compound having the chemical formula RRN−(NO)−N=O, where R and R are alkyl groups. One example for this is 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine, or diethylamine dinitric oxide. These compounds are unusual in having three sequential nitrogen atoms: an amine functional group, a bridging N... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A future nanocar with a synthetic molecular motor has been developed by Jean-Francois Morin et al. It is fitted with carborane wheels and a light-powered helicene synthetic molecular motor. Although the motor moiety displayed unidirectional rotation in solution, light-driven motion on a surface has yet to be observed. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The air transports viruses and other pathogens. Since viruses are smaller than other bioaerosols, they have the potential to travel further distances. In one simulation, a virus and a fungal spore were simultaneously released from the top of a building; the spore traveled only 150 meters while the virus traveled almost... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Indications of thermal rearrangements of aromatic hydrocarbons were first noted in the early 20th century by natural products chemists who were working with sesquiterpenes. At the time, they noticed the automerization of a substituted azulene shown below, but no further structural or mechanistic investigations were ma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sandwich panel cores are used throughout the aerospace industry; they are integrated within aircraft bodies, floors and internal panels. Sandwich constructions consist of two faces separated by a thick, light-weight core and are most commonly composed of balsa-wood, foamed polymers, glue-bonded aluminum or Nomex (paper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The turbine flowmeter (better described as an axial turbine) translates the mechanical action of the turbine rotating in the liquid flow around an axis into a user-readable rate of flow (gpm, lpm, etc.). The turbine tends to have all the flow traveling around it.
The turbine wheel is set in the path of a fluid stream. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a functional group or the anion. The linkage is also called an SS-bond or sometimes a disulfide bridge and usually derived from two thiol groups.
In inorganic chemistry, the anion appears in a few rare minerals, but the functional... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre is an important part of the ocean's carbon dioxide drawdown mechanism. The photosynthesis of phytoplankton communities in this area seasonally depletes surface waters of carbon dioxide, removing it through primary production. This primary production occurs seasonally, with the highest a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The length of the carbon-hydrogen bond varies slightly with the hybridisation of the carbon atom. A bond between a hydrogen atom and an sp hybridised carbon atom is about 0.6% shorter than between hydrogen and sp hybridised carbon. A bond between hydrogen and sp hybridised carbon is shorter still, about 3% shorter than... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Relative density or specific gravity of the coal depends on the rank of the coal and degree of mineral impurity. Knowledge of the density of each coal play is necessary to determine the properties of composites and blends. The density of the coal seam is necessary for conversion of resources into reserves.
Relative den... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) are a class of artificial membranes containing a semi-permeable barrier in the form of a hollow fiber. Originally developed in the 1960s for reverse osmosis applications, hollow fiber membranes have since become prevalent in water treatment, desalination, cell culture, medicine, and tissue... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anhydrous reacts vigorously with bases, so suitable precautions are required.
It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and the respiratory system if inhaled or on contact. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The herbicide glyphosate is an inhibitor of 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase, other herbicides, such as the sulfonylureas inhibit the enzyme acetolactate synthase. Both enzymes are needed for plants to make branched-chain amino acids. Many other enzymes are inhibited by herbicides, including enzymes needed ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In astronomy, the curve of growth describes the equivalent width of a spectral line as a function of the column density of the material from which the spectral line is observed. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Following the successful clinical trials in LCA, researchers have been developing similar treatments using adeno-associated virus for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To date, efforts have focused on long-term delivery of VEGF inhibitors to treat the wet form of macular degeneration. Whereas wet AMD is currently... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) receptor has been recently found to interact and bind with vimentins at the cell surface. Research indicates that the GlcNAc receptor can therefore be used to target vimentin-expressing cells for gene delivery via receptor-mediated endocytosis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The multiplicity function for a two state paramagnet, W(n,N), is the number of spin states such that n of the N spins point in the z-direction. This function is given by the combinatoric function C(N,n). That is:
It is primarily used in introductory statistical mechanics and thermodynamics textbooks to explain the mic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solvophobic theory attempts to explain interactions between polar solvents and non-polar solutes. In the pure solvent, there are relatively strong cohesive forces between the solvent molecules due to hydrogen bonding or other polar interactions. Hence, non-polar solutes tend not to be soluble in polar solvents because ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* In reductive decyanation the nitrile group is replaced by a proton. Decyanations can be accomplished by dissolving metal reduction (e.g. HMPA and potassium metal in tert-butanol) or by fusion of a nitrile in KOH. Similarly, α-aminonitriles can be decyanated with other reducing agents such as lithium aluminium hydride... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cesium chloride is a simple cubic crystal lattice with a basis of Cs at (0,0,0) and Cl at (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) (or the other way around, it makes no difference). Equation () becomes
We then arrive at the following result for the structure factor for scattering from a plane :
and for scattered intensity, | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Genes encoding the MuvB complex were originally identified from loss-of-function mutation studies in C. elegans. When mutated, these genes produced worms with multiple vulva-like organs, hence the name ‘Muv’. Three classes of Muv genes were classified, with class B genes encoding homologues of mammalian RB, E2F, and DP... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For his work in applied chemical science on rutile sand, phosphate rock, graphite and beryl "which has contributed to the advancement of the welfare of the community", McTaggart was awarded the University of Melbourne's Grosvenor Laboratories Prize for 1946 by the Royal Australian Chemical Institute; and the Grimwade p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These groups have a strong electron-withdrawing inductive effect (-I) either by virtue of their positive charge or because of the powerfully electronegativity of the halogens. There is no resonance effect because there are no orbitals or electron pairs which can overlap with those of the ring. The inductive effect acts... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alclad sheeting has become a widely used material within the aviation industry for the construction of aircraft due to its favourable qualities, such as a high fatigue resistance and its strength. During the first half of the twentieth century, substantial studies were conducted into the corrosion qualities of various ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The exchange current is the current at equilibrium, i.e. the rate at which oxidized and reduced species transfer electrons with the electrode. In other words, the exchange current density is the rate of reaction at the reversible potential (when the overpotential is zero by definition). At the reversible potential, t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A diffuse series of triplet lines is designated by series letter d and formula 1p-md. The diffuse series of singlet lines has series letter S and formula 1P-mS. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phelps struggled academically in college. Unable to find employment after graduating, she joined the United States Navy. Phelps enrolled in the Navy's Nuclear Power School, which she credits with teaching her "how to study". Phelps studied nuclear power, reactor theory, and thermodynamics, and graduated in the top 10% ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Mond gas process was designed to convert cheap coal into flammable gas, which was made up of mainly hydrogen, while recovering ammonium sulfate. The gas produced was rich in hydrogen and poor in carbon monoxide. Although it could be used for some industrial purposes and power generation, the gas was limited for hea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alfred Matthew Hubbard is reputed to have introduced more than 6,000 people to LSD, including scientists, politicians, intelligence officials, diplomats, and church figures. He became known as the original "Captain Trips", travelling about with a leather case containing pharmaceutically pure LSD, mescaline, and psilocy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ground substance is an amorphous gel-like substance in the extracellular space of animals that contains all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) except for fibrous materials such as collagen and elastin. Ground substance is active in the development, movement, and proliferation of tissues, as well as their meta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Epothilone A and B are reported to be highly effective anticancer drugs. Several of their structural derivatives show very promising inhibition against breast cancer with only mild side effect and some of them are now under trials. In 1997, K. C. Nicolaou and coworkers reported the first total synthesis of both Epothil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Payne rearrangement is the isomerization, under basic conditions, of 2,3-epoxy alcohols to isomeric 1,2-epoxy alcohols with inversion of configuration. Aza- and thia-Payne rearrangements of aziridines and thiiraniums, respectively, are also known. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GaAs may have applications in spintronics as it can be used instead of platinum in spin-charge converters and may be more tunable. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For an ideal gas in equilibrium, the rate of collisions with the container wall and velocity distribution of particles hitting the container wall can be calculated based on naive kinetic theory, and the results can be used for analyzing effusive flow rates, which is useful in applications such as the gaseous diffusion ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The radius ratio rule was first proposed by Gustav F. Hüttig in 1920. In 1926, Victor Goldschmidt extended the use to ionic lattices. In 1929, the rule was incorporated as the first of Pauling's rules for crystal structures. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Henderson limit is the X-ray dose (energy per unit mass) a cryo-cooled crystal can absorb before the diffraction pattern decays to half of its original intensity. Its value is defined as 2 × 10 Gy (J/kg). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Erosion corrosion
*Pitting corrosion Oxygen pitting
*Hydrogen embrittlement
*Hydrogen-induced cracking (ASM term)
*Corrosion embrittlement (ASM term)
*Hydrogen disintegration (NACE term)
*Hydrogen-assisted cracking (ASM term)
*Hydrogen blistering
*Corrosion | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lanthanide organometallic complexes have been synthesized by RT and RTLE. Lanthanides are very electropositive elements.
Organomercurials, such as HgPh, are common kinetically inert RT and RTLE reagents that allow functionalized
derivatives to be synthesized, unlike organolithiums and Grignard reagents. Diarylmercuria... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nowadays, synthetic polymers are used in almost all walks of life. Modern society would look very different without them. The spreading of polymer use is connected to their unique properties: low density, low cost, good thermal/electrical insulation properties, high resistance to corrosion, low-energy demanding polymer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Jameson Cell has been found to be particularly effective in cleaning and recovering fine coal particles. For example, at BHP Coal's Goonyella mine (now part of the BHP Mitsubishi Alliance) eight Cells were installed to replace the entire 32 mechanical cell flotation circuit in 1995 in its 1800 t/h coal flotation pl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The established method for the production of synthetic peptides in the lab is known as solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Pioneered by Robert Bruce Merrifield, SPPS allows the rapid assembly of a peptide chain through successive reactions of amino acid derivatives on a macroscopically insoluble solvent-swollen beade... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Strong Field Limit is the exact opposite limit to the weak field where the square modulus of the Rabi frequency of the electromagnetic field is much larger than the rate of spontaneous emission of the two-level atom. When a strong field is applied to the atom, a single peak is no longer observed in fluorescent ligh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Duplex sequencing and the significant increase of sequencing accuracy has had an important impact on applications such as detection of rare human genetic variants, detection of subclonal mutations involved in mechanisms of resistance to therapy in genetically heterogeneous cancers, screening variants in circulating tum... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Certain phosphoramidites are also used as monodentate chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis. A large group of such ligands is derived from the chiral diol BINOL and can be synthesised by reaction of BINOL with phosphorus trichloride to the chlorophosphite and then reaction with simple secondary amines. This type of li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hurst was born in Nelson, New Zealand in 1915, the son of Percy Cecil Hurst, a commercial traveller, and his wife Margery Whitmore. He attended Nelson College from 1927 to 1932, and then was a student at Canterbury University College in Christchurch, from where he graduated with a Master of Science degree in physical ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wrinch developed this suggestion into a full-fledged model of protein structure. The basic cyclol model was laid out in her first paper (1936). She noted the possibility that polypeptides might cyclize to form closed rings (true) and that these rings might form internal crosslinks through the cyclol reaction (also true... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The impairment of glucose metabolism by fatty acid oxidation is mediated by the short-term inhibition of several glycolytic processes. The extent of inhibition increases along the glycolytic pathway, being most severe at the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase and less severe at the level of glucose uptake and 6-phosphofru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The applications of these various modes are numerous. Flow mode can be used in dampers and shock absorbers, by using the movement to be controlled to force the fluid through channels, across which a magnetic field is applied. Shear mode is particularly useful in clutches and brakes - in places where rotational motion m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Only small amount of SNPs in the human genome may have impact on human diseases. Large scale GWAS has been done for the most important human diseases, including heart diseases, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Most of the SNPs with relatively large effects on the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since all natural waterways contain bacteria and nutrient, almost any waste compounds introduced into such waterways will initiate biochemical reactions (such as shown above). Those biochemical reactions create what is measured in the laboratory as the BOD.
Oxidizable chemicals (such as reducing chemicals) introduced i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
William B. Jensen notes that the earliest example of a continuous extractor is archaeological evidence for a Mesopotamian hot-water extractor for organic matter dating from approximately 3500 BC. The same mechanism is present in the Pythagorean cup. Before Soxhlet, the French chemist Anselme Payen also pioneered with c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since all pumps require well-developed inlet flow to meet their potential, a pump may not perform or be as reliable as expected due to a faulty suction piping layout such as a close-coupled elbow on the inlet flange. When poorly developed flow enters the pump impeller, it strikes the vanes and is unable to follow the i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The key feature of the fourth-generation approach was the utilization of bidirectional fragment, vinyl iodide/phosphonium salt. phosphonium salt could be readily obtained as the trisubstituted vinyl iodide is less reactive than alkyl iodide. A Wittig reaction with followed by Suzuki coupling with alkyl iodide efficient... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main objective of the AVIRIS project is to identify, measure, and monitor constituents of the Earth's surface/ atmosphere based on molecular absorption and particle scattering signatures. Research with AVIRIS data is predominantly focused on understanding processes related to the global environment and climate chan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Restriction sites can be used for multiple applications in molecular biology such as identifying restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The types of hydrogen-bond donors used in catalysis vary widely from reaction to reaction, even among similar catalytic strategies. While specific systems are often studied and optimized extensively, a general understanding of the optimal donor for a reaction or the relationship between catalyst structure and reactivit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A notable subclass of amidinium ions are the formamidinium cations; which can be represented by the chemical formula . Deprotonation of these gives stable carbenes which can be represented by the chemical formula . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular data show that PSI likely evolved from the photosystems of green sulfur bacteria. The photosystems of green sulfur bacteria and those of cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants are not the same, but there are many analogous functions and similar structures. Three main features are similar between the differen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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