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A siphon barometer is the term sometimes applied to the simplest of mercury barometers. A continuous U-shaped tube of the same diameter throughout is sealed on one end and filled with mercury. When placed into the upright, "U", position, mercury will flow away from the sealed end, forming a partial vacuum, until balanc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photothermal effect is a phenomenon associated with electromagnetic radiation. It is produced by the photoexcitation of material, resulting in the production of thermal energy (heat).
It is sometimes used during treatment of blood vessel lesions, laser resurfacing, laser hair removal and laser surgery. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was born at Vizille and trained at the Ecole des Arts et Métiers at Aix. From 1874 until about 1880, he worked as a chemist at the new factory of the Cotton Powder Company at Uplees, Faversham, Kent, England. While there, he and the factory manager, George Trench, took out patents for Tonite (a new high explosive) ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polyamorphism may apply to all amorphous states, i.e. glasses, other amorphous solids, supercooled liquids, ordinary liquids or fluids. A liquid–liquid transition however, is one that occurs only in the liquid state (red line in the phase diagram, top right). In this article liquid–liquid transitions are defined as tra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The connectivity of streams to their adjacent floodplain along their entire length plays an important role in the equilibrium of the river system. Streams are shaped by the water and sediment fluxes from their watershed, and any alteration of these fluxes (either in quantity, intensity or timing) will result in changes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrostatic CCC or centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was invented in the 1980s by the Japanese company Sanki Engineering Ltd, whose president was Kanichi Nunogaki. CPC has been extensively developed in France starting from the late 1990s. In France, they initially optimized the stacked disc concept initiated b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* FECOM Object Learning Software (OLS), industrial in-line hyperspectral feature processing
*[http://evince.umbio.com/ UmBio Evince Image, multivariate hyperspectral image analysis ]
* Perception System; in-line hyperspectral imaging for industry | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Nusselt number may be obtained by a non-dimensional analysis of Fourier's law since it is equal to the dimensionless temperature gradient at the surface:
:, where q is the heat transfer rate, k is the constant thermal conductivity and T the fluid temperature.
Indeed, if: and
we arrive at
then we define
so the equ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During World War I, Curie recognised that wounded soldiers were best served if operated upon as soon as possible. She saw a need for field radiological centres near the front lines to assist battlefield surgeons, including to obviate amputations when in fact limbs could be saved. After a quick study of radiology, anato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Agricola, Georgius, 1556, Translation Hoover, Herbert, 1912, De re metallica, [http://farlang.com/books/agricola-hoover-de-re-metallica Farlang, full streaming version + scientific introduction]
*Craddock, P. T., 1989. Metalworking Techniques. In: Youngs, S. (ed), Work of Angels: Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coelenterazine is widely found in marine organisms including:
*radiolarians
*ctenophores
*cnidarians such as Aequorea victoria, Obelia geniculata and Renilla reniformis
*squid such as Watasenia scintillans and Vampyroteuthis infernalis
*shrimp such as Systellaspis debilis and Oplophorus gracilirostris
*copepods such as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A 5 cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA mG cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the "front" or 5 end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription. The 5 cap consists of a terminal 7-methylguanosine residue that is linked through a 5-5'-t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many LGBT communities centre their support around cisgender gay, lesbian and bisexual people and neglect to include proper support for transgender people. The same 2020 literature review analyses the social, emotional and physical experiences of pregnant transgender men. A common obstacle faced by pregnant transgender ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The PDE5 enzyme has a molecular mass of 200 kDa and its active state is a homodimer. PDE5 consists of monomers and each contains two major functional domains: the regulatory domain (R domain) which is located in the N-terminal portion of the protein and the catalytic domain (C domain) located in the more C-terminal por... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If a dopant is added to the material (example: Nd in BaTiO) the impurity will tend to stick to the grain boundaries. As the grain boundary tries to move (as atoms jump from the convex to concave surface) the change in concentration of the dopant at the grain boundary will impose a drag on the boundary. The original con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many artificial radionuclides of technological importance are produced as fission products within nuclear reactors. A fission product is a nucleus with approximately half the mass of a uranium or plutonium nucleus which is left over after such a nucleus has been "split" in a nuclear fission reaction.
Caesium-137 is one... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Karl Fischer titration: A potentiometric method to analyze trace amounts of water in a substance. A sample is dissolved in methanol, and titrated with Karl Fischer reagent (consists of iodine, sulfur dioxide, a base and a solvent, such as alcohol). The reagent contains iodine, which reacts proportionally with water. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RIfS is used especially as a detection method in chemo- and biosensors.
Chemosensors are particularly suitable for measurements under difficult conditions and in the gaseous phase. As sensitive layers, mostly non-selective measuring polymers are used which sort the analytes according to size (the so-called molecular si... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lactonase (EC 3.1.1.81, acyl-homoserine lactonase; systematic name N-acyl--homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a metalloenzyme, produced by certain species of bacteria, which targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). It catalyzes the reaction
: an N-acyl--homoserine lactone + HO an N-acyl--homos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PCBs or biphenyl cannot provide energy for microbes, so they are primary energy and carbon sources. As stated before it takes months sometimes for microorganisms to activate their gene for dichlorine after the first exposure to PCBs. It has been proposed to use analogs to promote the activation of genes. However, even ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Post-transcriptional regulation is the control of gene expression at the RNA level. It occurs once the RNA polymerase has been attached to the gene's promoter and is synthesizing the nucleotide sequence. Therefore, as the name indicates, it occurs between the transcription phase and the translation phase of gene expres... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reverse electron flow (also known as reverse electron transport) is a mechanism in microbial metabolism. Chemolithotrophs using an electron donor with a higher redox potential than NAD(P)/NAD(P)H, such as nitrite or sulfur compounds, must use energy to reduce NAD(P). This energy is supplied by consuming proton motive... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another typical example is that of the particles in a nucleus of an atom. The radius of the nucleus is roughly:
where A is the number of nucleons.
The number density of nucleons in a nucleus is therefore:
This density must be divided by two, because the Fermi energy only applies to fermions of the same type. The presen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ampicillin is well-absorbed from the GI tract (though food reduces its absorption), and reaches peak concentrations in one to two hours. The bioavailability is around 62% for parenteral routes. Unlike other penicillins, which usually bind 60–90% to plasma proteins, ampicillin binds to only 15–20%.
Ampicillin is distrib... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The terms megaphyll, macrophyll, mesophyll, notophyll, microphyll, nanophyll and leptophyll are used to describe leaf sizes (in descending order), in a classification devised in 1934 by Christen C. Raunkiær and since modified by others. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paranitroaniline can be used instead of sugar, if the experiment is allowed to proceed under an obligatory fumehood. With this method the reaction phase prior to the black snake's appearance is longer, but once complete, the black snake itself rises from the container very rapidly. This reaction may cause an explosio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The nitride ligand can be both electrophilic and nucleophilic. Terminal nitrides of early metals tend to be basic and oxidizable, whereas nitrides of the later metals tend to be oxidizing and electrophilic. The former behavior is illustrated by their N-protonation and N-alkylation. Ru and Os nitrido complexes often a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Though transposable elements were discovered due in large part to their deleterious effects, epigenetic research has shown that they may be, in some cases, beneficial to the host organism.(1,5) This research indicates that the distinction between those two aspects, mutualist and parasite, may be harder to accurately de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Second-generation or "Next-Gen" (NGS) techniques have evolved radically: the sequencing capacity has increased more than ten thousandfold and the cost has dropped by over one million-fold since 2007(National Human Genome Research Institute). NGS has revolutionized the genetic field in many ways. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In January 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved an over-the-counter preparation. Levocetirizine had previously received authorization by the FDA as a prescription drug in 2007, having already been brought to market throughout much of Europe. In India, a prescription-only drug containing levocetirizine hyd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The rotary vacuum drum filter designs available vary in physical aspects and their characteristics. The filtration area ranges from 0.5 m to 125 m. Disregarding the size of the design, filter cloth washing is a priority as it ensures efficiency of cake washing and acting vacuum. However, a smaller design would be more ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
α-Neoendorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide with a decapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Pro-Lys.
α-Neoendorphin is a neuropeptide. Prodynorphin or Proenkephalin B is its precursor. Researchers and anatomists have not yet studied the distribution of α-neoendorphin in the h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Micelles refers to a type of supramolecular structure consisting of amphiphilic molecules self-assemblies, usually hollow centered. Researchers successfully conjugated a diblock copolymer site specifically onto GFP, the resulting amphiphilic polymer-protein conjugate is capable of reversible self-assembly into micelles... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to their extensive use, non-ferrous scrap metals are usually recycled. The secondary materials in scrap are vital to the metallurgy industry, as the production of new metals often needs them. Some recycling facilities re-smelt and recast non-ferrous materials; the dross is collected and stored onsite while the meta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For methanol the following parameters can be obtained:
The reference temperature has been T = 174.61 K and the reference pressure P has been set to 0 kPa.
Methanol is a component where the Simon–Glatzel works well in the given validity range. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Antarctic fungi species such as Metschnikowia sp., Cryptococcus gilvescens, Cryptococcus victoriae, Pichia caribbica and Leucosporidium creatinivorum can withstand extreme cold and still provide efficient biodegradation of contaminants. Due to the nature of colder, remote environments like Antarctica, usual methods of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CAF commonly occurs between adjacent vias (i.e. plated through holes) inside a PCB, as the copper migrates along the glass/resin interface from anode to cathode. CAF failures can manifest as current leakage, intermittent electrical shorts, and even dielectric breakdown between conductors in printed circuit boards. This... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recent trends in high-density interconnects have led to the use of copper pillar solder bumps (CPB) for CPU and GPU packaging. CPBs are an attractive replacement for traditional solder bumps because they provide a fixed stand-off independent of pitch. This is extremely important as most of the high-end products are un... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wilma K. Olson (born ) is the Mary I. Bunting professor at the Rutgers Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB) (formerly known as BioMaPS institute for Quantitative Biology) at Rutgers University. Olson has her own research group on the New Brunswick campus. Although she is a polymer chemist by training, her research a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fowler's research has led to new fundamental knowledge, development of important scientific tools, and has broad impacts in the application of nuclear medicine to diagnostics and health. She has worked for much of her career developing radiotracers for brain imaging to understand the mechanisms underlying drug addictio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is a greenhouse gas with warming properties more than 7,000 times that of carbon dioxide over a 100-year period, and, as such, is one of the most potent greenhouse gasses ever discovered. Its concentration in the atmosphere is approximately 0.18 parts per trillion. The compound can persist in the atmosphere for up t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solvent–solute interactions are the same as solute–solute and solvent–solvent interactions, on average. Consequently, the enthalpy of mixing (solution) is zero and the change in Gibbs free energy on mixing is determined solely by the entropy of mixing. Hence the molar Gibbs free energy of mixing is
or for a two-compone... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are many design criteria which vary according to the type of disc and the required filtering capacity. The typical filter for extracting iron contains 12 ceramic filtering plates of the filtering elements (discs), which have a diameter of about 2705 mm, making the total filter surface 120 m. This filter is most s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The doubling time is slow, between 10 days to 2 weeks. This makes it difficult to grow enough sludge for a wastewater treatment reactor. Also the recovery time after the loss of sludge by accident is longer than in conventional nitrogen removal systems. On the other hand, this slow growing rate is an advantage due to t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The strongly correlated quantum spin liquid (SCQSL) is a specific realization of a possible quantum spin liquid (QSL) representing a new type of strongly correlated electrical insulator (SCI) that possesses properties of heavy fermion metals with one exception: it resists the flow of electric charge. At low temperature... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkylidenecyclopropanes more readily undergo C-C bond oxidative addition than cyclopropanes.
Following oxidative addition, 1,2-insertion mechanisms are common and reductive elimination yields the desired product. The 1,2-insertion step usually occurs with an alkyne, alkene, or allene and the final product is often a 5 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The physical properties of N are quite different from other nuclei. Its properties along with several common nuclei are summarized in the below table.
From these data, one can see that at full enrichment, N is about one tenth (-27.126/267.522) as sensitive as H. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Direct photogeochemical catalysts act by absorbing light and subsequently transferring energy to reactants. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Léo Edmond Marion, (March 22, 1899 – July 16, 1979) was a Canadian organic chemist and academic administrator.
He was Vice-President of the National Research Council of Canada. From 1964 until 1965 he was President of the Royal Society of Canada. From 1965 until 1969, he was Dean of Faculty of Pure and Applied S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ada Florence Remfry Hitchins (26 June 1891 – 4 January 1972) was the principal research assistant of British chemist Frederick Soddy, who won the Nobel prize in 1921 for work on radioactive elements and the theory of isotopes. Hitchins isolated samples from uranium ores, taking precise and accurate measurements of ato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The kilocalorie per mole is a unit to measure an amount of energy per number of molecules, atoms, or other similar particles. It is defined as one kilocalorie of energy (1000 thermochemical gram calories) per one mole of substance. The unit symbol is written kcal/mol or kcal⋅mol. As typically measured, one kcal/mol r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Benzyltrimethylammonium fluoride is a quaternary ammonium salt. It is commercially available as the hydrate. The compound is a source of organic-soluble fluoride to removal of silyl ether protecting groups. As is the case for tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride and most other quaternary ammonium fluorides, the compound can... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At temperatures below the lambda point, helium shows the unique property of superfluidity. The fraction of the liquid that forms the superfluid component is a macroscopic quantum fluid. The helium atom is a neutral particle, so . Furthermore, when considering helium-4, the relevant particle mass is , so Eq. () reduces ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal is an aromatic substance found in butter, cooked beef, fish, potato chips, roasted peanut, buckwheat and wheat bread crumb.
In an isolated state, it smells of deep fat flavor, characteristic of chicken aroma (at 10ppm). At lower concentration, it has the odor of citrus, orange or grapefruit.
It m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The propensity of a fluid to swirl is used to promote good fuel/air mixing in internal combustion engines.
In fluid mechanics and transport phenomena, an eddy is not a property of the fluid, but a violent swirling motion caused by the position and direction of turbulent flow. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Besides simple strand displacement schemes, DNA computers have also been constructed using the concept of toehold exchange. In this system, an input DNA strand binds to a sticky end, or toehold, on another DNA molecule, which allows it to displace another strand segment from the molecule. This allows the creation of mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The enantioselectivity of CLAs derives from their ability to perturb the free energy barrier along with the reaction coordinate pathway that leads to either the R- or S- enantiomer. Ground state diastereomers and enantiomers are of equal energy in the ground state, and when reacted with an achiral Lewis acid, their dia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In contrast to old H3 and H4, the old H2A and H2B histone proteins are released and degraded; therefore, newly assembled H2A and H2B proteins are incorporated into new nucleosomes. H2A and H2B are assembled into dimers which are then loaded onto nucleosomes by the nucleosome assembly protein-1 (NAP-1) which also assist... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A variety of fabrics such as wool, silk, nylon, polyester, polyacrylic, polyacetate, and polyurethane may be dyed with Glycoazodyes under moderate temperatures and pressures in aqueous solutions. First-generation Glycoazodyes dye cotton poorly. However, second-generation Glycoazodyes dye cotton effectively. Wool dyed ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An aluminide is a compound that has aluminium with other elements. Since aluminium is near the nonmetals on the periodic table, it can bond with metals differently from other metals. The properties of an aluminide are between those of a metal alloy and those of an ionic compound. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, a catalyst is an agent that increases the speed of a chemical reaction without being consumed by a reaction. Thermodynamically, a catalyst lowers the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to take place. An electrocatalyst is a catalyst that affects the activation energy of an electrochemical re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The purpose of this method is to reduce carbon content from steel. This process is suitable for secondary steelmaking industry which recycling steel scrap that has variety of carbon content in their feedstock. This method aim to replace current conventional method that utilizing Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) to reduce car... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Other key properties of an injector include the fluid inlet pressure requirements i.e. whether it is lifting or non-lifting.
In a non-lifting injector, positive inlet fluid pressure is needed e.g. the cold water input is fed by gravity.
The steam-cone minimal orifice diameter is kept larger than the combining cone mini... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radiative cooling is commonly experienced on cloudless nights, when heat is radiated into outer space from Earth's surface, or from the skin of a human observer. The effect is well-known among amateur astronomers.
The effect can be experienced by comparing skin temperature from looking straight up into a cloudless nigh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mohamed Osman Baloola ( born April 14, 1981) is a Sudanese scientist and inventor who was named among The Worlds 500 Most influential Arabs in 2012 and 2013' for his work on diabetes. Baloola has been a teaching assistant of biomedical engineering at the Ajman University of Science and Technology since 2010. He won a s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FLiNaK is the name of the ternary eutectic alkaline metal fluoride salt mixture LiF-NaF-KF (46.5-11.5-42 mol %). It has a melting point of 462 °C and a boiling point of 1570 °C. It is used as electrolyte for the electroplating of refractory metals and compounds like titanium, tantalum, hafnium, zirconium and their bor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The surface morphology and shape of the cross-section can be observed via scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging after removal of solvent. Also, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can be used to observe wet hydrogel fibers. But different treatments will affect the surface morphology of the hydrogel f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A (HMB-CoA), also known as 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA, is a metabolite of -leucine that is produced in the human body. Its immediate precursors are β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) and β-methylcrotonoyl-CoA (MC-CoA). It can be metabolized into HMB, MC-CoA, and HMG-CoA in humans. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The spin and dip coating methods are simple methods for nanoparticle deposition. They are useful tools especially in creating self-assembled layers and films where the packing density isn't critical. Accurate and vibration-free sample withdrawal speeds can be used to have control over the film thickness. Creating high... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Eco pickled surface (EPS) is a process applied to hot rolled sheet steel to remove all surface oxides (mill scale) and clean the steel surface. Steel which has undergone the EPS process acquires a high degree of resistance to subsequent development of surface oxide (rust), so long as it does not come into direct contac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In molecular biology, methylation induced premeiotically (MIP) is a process by which cytosines within repeated DNA sequences are de novo methylated prior to the sexual cycle. This process was first described in the ascomycete Ascobolus immersens. MIP is dependent upon the gene masc1 which encodes a cytosine methyltrans... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With the availability of high-performance GPU-based implementations, the former disadvantage of limited interactivity is no longer present. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
:V09AX01 Indium (In) pentetic acid
:V09AX03 Iodine (I) 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane
:V09AX04 Flutemetamol (F)
:V09AX05 Florbetapir (F)
:V09AX06 Florbetaben (F)
:V09AX07 Flortaucipir (F) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dispersing is the principal goal in the use of detergents, which the liquid bath is water (detergents also are used as emulsifiers in some applications). Laundry detergents encase dirt and grime in miscelles, which naturally disperse. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plants deficient in the IMMUTANS gene that encodes the oxidase are especially susceptible to photooxidative stress during early plastid development. The knockout plants exhibit a phenotype of variegated leaves with white patches that indicate a lack of pigmentation or photodamage. This effect is enhanced with increased... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cleaner production is a preventive, company-specific environmental protection initiative. It is intended to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output. By analysing the flow of materials and energy in a company, one tries to identify options to minimize waste and emissions out of industrial processes thr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drugs have long been considered crucial targets for transmitter-gated ion channels. The majority of medications utilized to treat schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, and sleeplessness work at chemical synapses, and many of these pharmaceuticals function by binding to transmitter-gated channels. For instance, some drugs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While a verdant Arctic Ocean is a viable working model, skeptical scientists point out that it would be possible for Azolla colonies in river deltas or freshwater lagoons to be swept into the Arctic Ocean by strong currents, removing the necessity for a freshwater layer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fluorescence signals emitted from phycoerythrin and phycocyanin have made them suitable for use as indicators to detect cyanotoxins such as microcystins in drinking water. A study examined the nature of the biliproteins fluorescence signals regarding their real-time character, sensitivity and the biliproteins behav... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In geology, a redox buffer is an assemblage of minerals or compounds that constrains oxygen fugacity as a function of temperature. Knowledge of the redox conditions (or equivalently, oxygen fugacities) at which a rock forms and evolves can be important for interpreting the rock history. Iron, sulfur, and manganese are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was first developed and utilized by Roy Britten and his colleagues at the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the 1960s. Of particular note, it was through Ct analysis that the redundant (repetitive) nature of eukaryotic genomes was first discovered. However, it wasn't until the breakthrough DNA reassociation ki... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Washoe process, a variation of pan amalgamation, was developed in the 1860s by Almarin B. Paul and others, to work the ore from the Comstock Lode in Nevada, United States (Washoe was an early name for the area and the local tribe who still exists today; see Washoe Valley). In the Washoe process, the copper pans we... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Elbs reaction enables the synthesis of condensed aromatic systems. As already demonstrated by Elbs in 1884 it is possible to obtain anthracene through dehydration. Larger aromatic systems like pentacene are also feasible. This reaction does not take place in a single step but leads first to dihydropentacene that is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process of light ion acceleration using electrostatic fields and deuterium ions to produce fusion in solid deuterated targets was first demonstrated by Cockcroft and Walton in 1932 (see Cockcroft–Walton generator). That process is used in miniaturized versions of their original accelerator, in the form of small sea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
T MRI has been used to image tissues such as cartilage, intervertebral discs, brain, and heart, as well as certain types of cancers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be manufactured to emit radiation in the ultraviolet range. In 2019, following significant advances over the preceding five years, UV‑A LEDs of 365 nm and longer wavelength were available, with efficiencies of 50% at 1.0 W output. Currently, the most common types of UV LEDs are in 395 n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a regulatory mechanism that forms multiple 3' end on mRNA.
APA isoforms from the same gene can encode different proteins and/or contain different 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Deregulation of APA has been associated with a number of human diseases. Since longer UTRs have more bind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The electrical conduction system of the heart has been robustly established. However, newer research has been challenging some of the previously accepted models. The role of ephaptic coupling in cardiac cells is becoming more apparent. One author even goes so far as to say, “While previously viewed as a possible altern... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sol–gel process is a wet-chemical technique used for the fabrication of both glassy and ceramic materials. In this process, the sol (or solution) evolves gradually towards the formation of a gel-like network containing both a liquid phase and a solid phase. Typical precursors are metal alkoxides and metal chlorides... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemfluence, is a national level technical symposium (Technical and Cultural Events) organized annually by the Association of Chemical Engineers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University every year since 1994.
With an array of events spread across three days it seeks to provid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The serendipity discovery of dye-ligand ability is from a blue dye called blue dextran. The blue dye is used as a void volume (V) marker for a gel filtration column. It has shown that the dye has a property to bind to some certain proteins like pyruvate kinase and elute out with the void volume. Later on, it was found ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An autoantigen is usually a self-protein or protein complex (and sometimes DNA or RNA) that is recognized by the immune system of patients with a specific autoimmune disease. Under normal conditions, these self-proteins should not be the target of the immune system, but in autoimmune diseases, their associated T cells ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ernest Ludwig Eliel (December 28, 1921 – September 18, 2008) was an organic chemist born in Cologne, Germany. Among his awards were the Priestley Medal in 1996 and the NAS Award for Chemistry in Service to Society in 1997.
When the Nazis came to power, he left Germany and moved to Scotland, then Canada, then Cuba. He... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A more complex use of reporter genes on a large scale is in two-hybrid screening, which aims to identify proteins that natively interact with one another in vivo. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early records of the discovery of polymorphism credit Eilhard Mitscerlich and Jöns Jacob Berzelius for their studies of phosphates and arsenates in the early 1800s. The studies involved measuring the interfacial angles of the crystals to show that chemically identical salts could have two different forms. Mitscerlich o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Herbivores are dependent on plants for food and have evolved mechanisms to obtain this food despite the evolution of a diverse arsenal of plant defenses. Herbivore adaptations to plant defense have been likened to offensive traits and consist of adaptations that allow increased feeding and use of a host plant. Relation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The South Pacific Gyre, like its northern counterpart, is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth with an area that accounts for around 10% of the global ocean surface area. Within this massive area is Point Nemo, the location on Earth that is farthest away from all continental landmass (2,688 km away from the closest l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cell encapsulation is a possible solution to graft rejection in tissue engineering applications. Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane. It permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors et... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In figure at left, the various segments that form the epitope have been shown to be continuously collinear, meaning that they have been shown as sequential; however, for the situation being discussed here (i.e., the antigen recognition by the B cell), this explanation is too simplistic. Such epitopes are known as seque... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photochlorination is one of the largest implementations of photochemistry to organic synthesis. The photon is however not absorbed by the organic compound, but by chlorine. Photolysis of Cl gives chlorine atoms, which abstract H atoms from hydrocarbons, leading to chlorination. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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