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Binding affinity data alone does not determine the overall potency of a drug or a naturally produced (biosynthesized) hormone.
Potency is a result of the complex interplay of both the binding affinity and the ligand efficacy. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Neighborhood: Similar genomic context in different species suggest a similar function of the proteins.
* Fusion-fission events: Proteins that are fused in some genomes are very likely to be functionally linked (as in other genomes where the genes are not fused).
* Occurrence: Proteins that have a similar function or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogen embrittles a variety of metals including steel, aluminium (at high temperatures only), and titanium. Austempered iron is also susceptible, though austempered steel (and possibly other austempered metals) displays increased resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. NASA has reviewed which metals are susceptible to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proposed mechanisms:
*Reduced expression of penicillin binding proteins during stationary growth phase
*Induction of microbial resistance mechanisms (such as beta lactamases with short half-lives) by high drug concentrations
*Precipitation of antimicrobial drug in vitro, possibly also leading to the crystallized drug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term "cold fusion" was coined to refer to muon-catalyzed fusion in a 1956 New York Times article about Luis W. Alvarez's paper.
In 1957 Theodore Sturgeon wrote a novelette, "The Pod in the Barrier", in which humanity has ubiquitous cold fusion reactors that work with muons. The reaction is "When hydrogen one and hy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 19th century chemists found it puzzling that benzene could be so unreactive toward addition reactions, given its presumed high degree of unsaturation. The cyclohexatriene structure for benzene was first proposed by August Kekulé in 1865. Over the next few decades, most chemists readily accepted this structure, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Novec 649/1230 does not deplete ozone (ODP 0) and has a global warming potential of 1 (over 100 years), equivalent to that of carbon dioxide. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) classifies this chemical as H412 - Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Photolysis ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pseudoknots are common structural motifs found in RNA. They are formed by two nested stem-loops such that the stem of one structure is formed from the loop of the other. There are multiple folding topologies among pseudoknots and great variation in loop lengths, making them a structurally diverse group.
Inverted repe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DESs are fluids generally composed of two or three cheap and safe components that are capable of self-association, often through hydrogen bond interactions, to form eutectic mixtures with a melting point lower than that of each individual component. DESs are generally liquid at temperatures lower than 100 °C, and they ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Professor Stork received a number of awards and honors including the following:
* 1957 Award in Pure Chemistry of the American Chemical Society
* 1959 Guggenheim Foundation Fellow
* 1961 Baekeland Medal, North Jersey ACS
* 1962 Harrison Howe Award
* 1966 Edward Curtis Franklin Memorial Award, Stanford University
* 1967... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chromatography, resolution is a measure of the separation of two peaks of different retention time t in a chromatogram. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A separation in which the mobile phase composition remains constant throughout the procedure is termed isocratic (meaning constant composition). The word was coined by Csaba Horvath who was one of the pioneers of HPLC.
The mobile phase composition does not have to remain constant. A separation in which the mobile phase... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the primary causes of WECs is the passage of electrical current through the bearings. Both Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) can lead to the formation of WECs, albeit through slightly different mechanisms. In general, hydrogen generation from lubricants can be accelerated by electric current, pote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Raman/AFM technique has two approaches: aperture and apertureless, and the apertureless mode is realized with SERS and TERS. Figure 5 is the example of an integrated TERS system. It shows that there are five main components for a whole integrated TERS (apertureless) system. These components are: microscope, one obj... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The vortex lattice method is built on the theory of ideal flow, also known as Potential flow. Ideal flow is a simplification of the real flow experienced in nature, however for many engineering applications this simplified representation has all of the properties that are important from the engineering point of view. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to determine the fate of natural carbon containing substances deep in the Earth, experiments have been conducted to see what happens when high pressure, and or temperatures are applied. Such substances include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, graphite, methane, and other hydrocarbons such as benzene, carbon di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
BVS was first developed by C. P. Chen and R. S. Lakes in 1989 in order to address the shortcomings of existing laboratory techniques for studying viscoelastic materials. It was later refined by M. Brodt et al. to improve the rigidity and resolution of the apparatus, which were sources of error in the original design. F... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like many other unsaturated functional groups, nitrones activate the α and β carbons towards reaction. The α carbon is an electrophile and the β carbon a nucleophile; that is, nitrones polarize like carbonyls and nitriles but unlike nitro compounds and vinyl sulfur derivatives.
Nitrones hydrolyze extremely easily to th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most production, use, and emissions of HFC-152a have occurred within Earths more industrialized and populated northern hemisphere following the substances introduction in the 1990s. Its concentration in the northern troposphere reached an annual average of about 10 parts per trillion by year 2011. The concentration of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Proteins can also be cross-linked artificially using small-molecule crosslinkers. This approach has been used to elucidate protein–protein interactions. Crosslinkers bind only surface residues in relatively close proximity in the native state. Common crosslinkers include the imidoester crosslinker dimethyl suberimidat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cloxacillin was discovered and developed by Beecham (now GlaxoSmithKline).
It is sold under a number of trade names, including Cloxapen, Cloxacap, Tegopen and Orbenin. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some of Naim's recent publications include (but are not limited to):
* Maalouf K, Jia J, Rizk S, Brogden G, Keiser M, Das A, Naim HY A modified lipid composition in Fabry disease leads to an intracellular block of the detergent-resistant membrane-associated dipeptidyl peptidase IV
* Sim L, Willemsma C, Mohan S, Naim HY... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In its pill form, selegiline is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. It is most often used as an adjunct to drugs such as levodopa (-DOPA), although it has been used off-label as a monotherapy. The rationale for adding selegiline to levodopa is to decrease the required dose of levodopa and thus reduce the mot... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cryoablation of tumor induces necrosis of tumor cells. The immunotherapeutic effect of cryoablation of tumor is the result of the release of intracellular tumor antigens from within the necrotized tumor cells. The released tumor antigens help activate anti-tumor T cells, which destroy remaining malignant cells. Thus, c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Apothecary businesses were typically family-run, and wives or other women of the family worked alongside their husbands in the shops, learning the trade themselves. Women were still not allowed to train and be educated in universities so this allowed them a chance to be trained in medical knowledge and healing. Previou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calcium sulfate (its α- and β-hemihydrates) is a well known biocompatible material that is widely used as a bone graft substitute in dentistry or as its binder. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ICBM cooperates closely with the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology und MARUM, both located in Bremen; with the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven, as well as with the Senckenberg Institute by the Sea and the Jade University of Applied Sciences, both located in Wilhelmshaven. The ICBM is a member of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ružička married twice: to Anna Hausmann in 1912, and 1951 to Gertrud Acklin. From 1929, he lived at Freudenbergstrasse 101 until the last years of his life. He died in Mammern, Switzerland, a village on Lake Constance at the age of 89. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Upon heating, DAST converts to the highly explosive (NEt)SF with expulsion of sulfur tetrafluoride. To minimize accidents, samples are maintained below 50 °C. Bis-(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride (trade name: Deoxo-Fluor) and difluoro(morpholino)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (trade name: XtalFluor-M) are reagents... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The redox (reduction–oxidation) cell is a reversible cell in which redox-active species are in fluid (liquid or gas) media. Redox flow batteries are rechargeable (secondary) cells. Because they employ heterogeneous electron transfer rather than solid-state diffusion or intercalation they are more similar to fuel cells ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The helium dimer is a van der Waals molecule with formula He consisting of two helium atoms. This chemical is the largest diatomic molecule—a molecule consisting of two atoms bonded together. The bond that holds this dimer together is so weak that it will break if the molecule rotates, or vibrates too much. It can only... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is possible to manufacture a complicated 3D shape from in-situ bonded AFS. In case of the second type, i.e. integral foam moulding, the desired geometry of the foamed part is achieved by designing the mould inside which the foam is cast.
In the case of the third type the three-layer composite precursor is reshaped p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From 1965 — Associate Research Fellow of the Kiev Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, where he received a PhD degree in medical sciences. Since 1971, research activities related to Romain Efimovicha connected with VNIIGINTOKS (now the Institute of ecological hygiene and toxicology behalf L. I. Medved). Over... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the fact that the solid-state community represented a major force in The Electrochemical Society, there was no form of recognition at the Society level of achievements in the field prior to the establishment of this award. Known as the Solid-State Science and Technology Award until 2005, the award was then rena... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Erik Lentz, a physicist at the University of Göttingen, has theorized that solitons could allow for the generation of Alcubierre warp bubbles in spacetime without the need for exotic matter, i.e., matter with negative mass. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calcineurin is a heterodimer of a 61-kD calmodulin-binding catalytic subunit, calcineurin A and a 19-kD Ca-binding regulatory subunit, calcineurin B. There are three isozymes of the catalytic subunit, each encoded by a separate gene (PPP3CA, PPP3CB, and PPP3CC) and two isoforms of the regulatory, also encoded by separ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it "dephlogisticated marine acid" (see phlogiston theory) and mistakenly thought it contained oxygen. Davy showed that the acid of Scheeles substance, called at the time oxymuriatic acid, contained no oxygen. This discovery overturned L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When overheating, the temperature of the part rises above the operating temperature. Overheating can take place:
*if heat is produced in more than expected amount (such as in cases of short-circuits, or applying more voltage than rated), or
*if heat dissipation is poor, so that normally produced waste heat does not dr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, momentum theory or disk actuator theory is a theory describing a mathematical model of an ideal actuator disk, such as a propeller or helicopter rotor, by W.J.M. Rankine (1865), Alfred George Greenhill (1888) and Robert Edmund Froude (1889).
The rotor is modeled as an infinitely thin disc, inducing a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The function of the active zone is to ensure that neurotransmitters can be reliably released in a specific location of a neuron and only released when the neuron fires an action potential.
As an action potential propagates down an axon it reaches the axon terminal called the presynaptic bouton. In the presynaptic bout... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The exact compounds an organism is exposed to will be largely unpredictable, and may differ widely over time; these are major characteristics of xenobiotic toxic stress. The major challenge faced by xenobiotic detoxification systems is that they must be able to remove the almost-limitless number of xenobiotic compounds... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ampicillin is contraindicated in those with a hypersensitivity to penicillins, as they can cause fatal anaphylactic reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions can include frequent skin rashes and hives, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and a temporary decrease in both red and white blood cells.
Ampicillin is not... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amoxicillin is effective for treatment of early cutaneous Lyme borreliosis; the effectiveness and safety of oral amoxicillin is neither better nor worse than common alternatively-used antibiotics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Taylor–Couette system can create laminar flows in which concentric cylinders of fluid move past each other in an apparent spiral. A fluid such as corn syrup with high viscosity fills the gap between two cylinders, with colored regions of the fluid visible through the transparent outer cylinder.
The cylinders are rota... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kevin Cherry and Lulu Qian at Caltech developed a DNA-based artificial neural network that can recognize 100-bit hand-written digits. They achieve this by programming on computer in advance with appropriate set of weights represented by varying concentrations weight molecules which will later be added to the test tube ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biology, a probe is a single strand of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of interest.
RNA probes can be designed for any gene or any sequence within a gene for visualization of mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA in tissues and cells. FISH is used by examining the cellular reproduction cycle, specifically... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chromatography methods changed little after Tsvets work until the explosion of mid-20th century research in new techniques, particularly thanks to the work of Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge. By "the marrying of two techniques, that of chromatography and that of countercurrent solvent e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several single nucleotide polymorphisms within the TCF7L2 gene have been associated with type 2 diabetes. Studies conducted by Ravindranath Duggirala and Michael Stern at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio were the first to identify strong linkage for type 2 diabetes at a region on Chromosome ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The heterometallic copper-aluminum superatom is a Mackay‐Type Cluster with formula [CuAl](Cp*). It is an open‐shell 67‐electron superatom.
At the time of its synthesis, it was the largest superatom to be synthesized. Its two distinct features are its large electron count compared to other heterometallic superatoms and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Catalysts that promote chain walking were discovered in the 1980-1990s. Nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes of α-diimine ligands were known to efficiently catalyze polymerization of alkenes. They are also referred as Brookhart's catalysts after being used for making of high molar mass polyolefins for the first time... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Monochromators are often calibrated in units of wavelength. Uniform rotation of a grating produces a sinusoidal change in wavelength, which is approximately linear for small grating angles, so such an instrument is easy to build. Many of the underlying physical phenomena being studied are linear in energy though, and s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to German Karl Ziegler, for his discovery of first titanium-based catalysts, and Italian Giulio Natta, for using them to prepare stereoregular polymers from propylene. Ziegler–Natta catalysts have been used in the commercial manufacture of various polyolefins since 1956. As... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) complex is a water-soluble complex and was the first pigment-protein complex (PPC) to be structure analyzed by x-ray spectroscopy. It appears in green sulfur bacteria and mediates the excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting chlorosomes to the membrane-embedded bacterial reaction ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* On Fate, translated by D.P. Curtin (Philadelphia, PA: Dalcassian Publishing Company: 2023) [translation of De fato]
* On Resurrection, translated by Irven M. Resnick and Franklin T. Harkins (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press: 2020) [translation of De resurrectione]
* On the Body of the Lord, tran... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many gels display thixotropy – they become fluid when agitated, but resolidify when resting.
In general, gels are apparently solid, jelly-like materials. It is a type of non-Newtonian fluid.
By replacing the liquid with gas it is possible to prepare aerogels, materials with exceptional properties including very low den... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most I production is from neutron irradiation of a natural tellurium target in a nuclear reactor. Irradiation of natural tellurium produces almost entirely I as the only radionuclide with a half-life longer than hours, since most lighter isotopes of tellurium become heavier stable isotopes, or else stable iodine or xen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cryptophane cages are formed by two cup-shaped orthocyclophane units (see cyclotriveratrylene), connected by three bridges (denoted Y). There are also choices of the peripheral substitutes R1 and R2 attached to the aromatic rings of the units. Most cryptophanes exhibit two diastereomeric forms (syn and anti), distingui... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gaian hypotheses suggest that organisms co-evolve with their environment: that is, they "influence their abiotic environment, and that environment in turn influences the biota by Darwinian process". Lovelock (1995) gave evidence of this in his second book, Ages of Gaia, showing the evolution from the world of the early... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, 1984
*General Motors Cancer Research Foundation Kettering Prize, 1985
*Gairdner Foundation International Award, 1985
*The Harvey Prize, 1986
*National Medal of Science, 1987
*Pittsburgh Spectroscopy Award, 1987
*National Medal of Technology, 1988, (with Raymond Damadi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Alloway B.V., Larsen G., Lowe D.J., Shane P.A.R., Westgate J.A. (2007). "Tephrochronology", Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (editor—Elias S.A.) 2869–2869 (Elsevier).
*Þórarinsson S. (1970). "Tephrochronology in medieval Iceland", Scientific Methods in Medieval Archaeology (ed. R. Berger) 295–328 (Berkeley: Un... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first stereographic projection defined in the preceding section sends the "south pole" (0, 0, −1) of the unit sphere to (0, 0), the equator to the unit circle, the southern hemisphere to the region inside the circle, and the northern hemisphere to the region outside the circle.
The projection is not defined at the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lithotrophs are a diverse group of organisms using an inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic or anaerobic respiration. While lithotrophs in the broader sense include ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydroxamic acids are used extensively in flotation of rare earth minerals during the concentration and extraction of ores to be subjected to further processing.
Some hydroxamic acids (e.g. vorinostat, belinostat, panobinostat, and trichostatin A) are HDAC inhibitors with anti-cancer properties. Fosmidomycin is a natura... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The system can be adapted for situations where environmental or clinical pathogens require monitoring. For example, APDS could test for mold or fungal spores in buildings or for the airborne spread of contagious materials in hospitals. It also could identify disease outbreaks in livestock transport centers or feedlots.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Campbell was born in Waimate on 27 May 1925, the son of Mona Sevicke Campbell (née Jones) and David Brown Campbell. He was educated at Waimate High School, and then proceeded to study chemistry at the University of Otago, graduating Master of Science with second-class honours in 1948, and PhD in 1953. His doctoral the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfides, formerly known as thioethers, are characterized by C−S−C bonds Relative to C−C bonds, C−S bonds are both longer, because sulfur atoms are larger than carbon atoms, and about 10% weaker. Representative bond lengths in sulfur compounds are 183 pm for the S−C single bond in methanethiol and 173 pm in thiophene. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nucleation is the formation and growth of a new phase with or without the presence of external surface. The presence of this surface results in heterogeneous nucleation whereas in its absence homogeneous nucleation occurs. Heterogeneous nucleation occurs in cases where there are pre-existing nuclei present, such as tin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bromine is present naturally as bromide salts in evaporite deposits. Bromine is also present in soils and in marine algae that synthesize organic bromine compounds. Other natural sources of bromine come from polar regions, salt lakes, and volcanoes.
The primary natural source of bromine to the atmosphere is sea spray a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If analytes are too small to generate a readable signal for determining concentration, the assay matrix can be modified. CD/DVD based assays utilize the optical properties of gold. Gold nanoparticle bioconjugates are tracers used to increase the sensitivity of the assay. The gold nanoparticles can be identified with ph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that post-transcriptionally influence gene expression.
During gene expression, an mRNA molecule is transcrib... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A significant amount of the energy released by fusion reactions is composed of electromagnetic radiation, essentially X-rays due to Bremsstrahlung. Those X-rays can not be converted into electric power with the various electrostatic and magnetic direct energy converters listed above, and their energy is lost.
Whereas m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order to derive the properties of an Ekman spiral a look is taken at a uniform, horizontal geostrophic interior flow in a homogeneous fluid. This flow will be denoted by , where the two components are constant because of uniformity. Another result of this property is that the horizontal gradients will equal zero. As... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organophosphines, like phosphine itself, are pyramidal molecules with approximate C symmetry. The C–P–C bond angles are approximately 98.6°. The C–P–C bond angles are consistent with the notion that phosphorus predominantly uses the 3p orbitals for forming bonds and that there is little sp hybridization of the phosphor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Soil acidification can cause damage to plants and organisms in the soil. In plants, soil acidification results in smaller, less durable roots. Acidic soils sometimes damage the root tips reducing further growth. Plant height is impaired and seed germination also decreases. Soil acidification impacts plant health, resul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ferrosilicon is an alloy of iron and silicon with a typical silicon content by weight of 15–90%. It contains a high proportion of iron silicides. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In non-photosynthetic eukaryotes such as animals, fungi, and protozoa, as well as the class Alphaproteobacteria of bacteria, it is produced by the enzyme ALA synthase, from glycine and succinyl-CoA. This reaction is known as the Shemin pathway, which occurs in mitochondria.
In plants, algae, bacteria (except for the cl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stainless steel alloys remain a research target because of lower production costs, as well as the need for an austenitic stainless steel with high-temperature corrosion resistance in environments with water vapor. Research focuses on increasing high-temperature tensile strength, toughness, and creep resistance to compe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One route to thioesters involves the reaction of an acid chloride with an alkali metal salt of a thiol:
Another common route entails the displacement of halides by the alkali metal salt of a thiocarboxylic acid. For example, thioacetate esters are commonly prepared by alkylation of potassium thioacetate:
The analogous ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Abrasive blasting also known as sandblasting, involves using compressed air to fire a steam of clean, sharp, crushed steel grit or aluminum oxide onto the surface of the component. Aluminum is a good option as it is relatively cheap. The fired grit breaks off small chucks of the substrate surface creating an evenly rou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Functional genomics is a field of molecular biology that attempts to describe gene (and protein) functions and interactions. Functional genomics make use of the vast data generated by genomic and transcriptomic projects (such as genome sequencing projects and RNA sequencing). Functional genomics focuses on the dynamic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because Phlorizin is a nonselective inhibitor with poor oral bioavailability, a phlorizin derivative was synthesised and called T-1095. T-1095 is a methyl carbonate prodrug that is absorbed into the circulation when given orally, and is rapidly converted in the liver to the active metabolite T-1095A. By inhibiting SGLT... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wells is known to his friends and family as Jumbo. He is an accomplished pianist. He married Ada Squires, then a widow, in 1939. During World War II, Wells worked on developing phosphors to be used in cathode-ray tubes and in helping service people move about in the dark. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Added space-time noise , where is an Wiener process, forms a stochastic Burgers' equation
This stochastic PDE is the one-dimensional version of Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation in a field upon substituting . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In methyl thiocyanate, and distances are 116 and 176 pm. By contrast, and distances are 117 and 158 pm in isothiocyanate]s.
Typical bond angles for are 100°. By contrast in aryl isothiocyanates is 165°. Again, the thiocyanate isomers are quite different with angle near 100°.
In both organic thiocyanate and is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The IIR has over 200 publications available on refrigeration technologies and applications: reference documents, guides, technical books, conference and congress papers and proceedings, tables and diagrams comprising the thermophysical properties of refrigerants.
Books in the refrigeration field published by other publ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the nature of the neutrinos is Majorana, then they can be emitted and absorbed in the same process without showing up in the corresponding final state. As Dirac particles, both the neutrinos produced by the decay of the W bosons would be emitted, and not absorbed after.
Neutrinoless double beta decay can only occur ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In proteins, crosslinks are important in generating mechanically stable structures such as hair and wool, skin, and cartilage. Disulfide bonds are common crosslinks. Isopeptide bond formation is another type of protein crosslink.
The process of applying a permanent wave to hair involves the breaking and reformation di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a proposed "carbon dioxide removal (CDR) method that involves deposition of alkaline minerals or their dissociation products at the ocean surface". The process would increase surface total alkalinity. It would work to increase ocean absorption of . The process involves increasing t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the nomenclature of organic chemistry, a locant is a term to indicate the position of a functional group or substituent within a molecule. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A class II gene is a type of gene that codes for a protein. Class II genes are transcribed by RNAP II .
Class II genes have a promoter that may contain a TATA box.
Basal transcription of class II genes requires the formation of a preinitiation complex.
They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, include both intron and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Davy was a pioneer in the field of electrolysis using the voltaic pile to split common compounds and thus prepare many new elements. He went on to electrolyse molten salts and discovered several new metals, including sodium and potassium, highly reactive elements known as the alkali metals. Davy discovered potassium in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1874 Nilson became professor of general and agricultural chemistry at Uppsala.
From then on he could devote more time to research. He began working on rare earths such as euxenite and gadolinite, using methods of successive fractionation introduced by Nils Johan Berlin. One of his goals was to better understand the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cereals & Grains Association has nine active [https://www.cerealsgrains.org/membership/sections/Pages/default.aspx sections]. Four of the nine active sections are located outside of the United States and they are located in western Canada, Australia, Japan, and Europe. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early results from Dan Nocera, a researcher at Harvard University, gave insight on how his newly created bionic leaf can be used for fertilizer production. This new bionic leaf uses photovoltaic cells in conjunction with Xanthobacter autotrophicus bacteria to create a plastic called polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). PHB suppl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electro sinter forging (ESF) is an industrial single electromagnetic pulse sintering technique to rapidly produce a wide range of small components in metals, alloys, intermetallics, semiconductors, and composites. ESF was invented by Alessandro Fais, an Italian metallurgical engineer and scientist.
ESF is obtained by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The equivalent carbon content concept is used on ferrous materials, typically steel and cast iron, to determine various properties of the alloy when more than just carbon is used as an alloyant, which is typical. The idea is to convert the percentage of alloying elements other than carbon to the equivalent carbon perce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
First studies of the interaction of plasmas with hypersonic flows around vehicles date back to the late 1950s, with the concept of a new kind of thermal protection system for space capsules during high-speed reentry. As low-pressure air is naturally ionized at such very high velocities and altitude, it was thought to u... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The history of pharmacy as a modern and independent science dates back to the first third of the 19th century. Before then, pharmacy evolved from antiquity as part of medicine. The history of pharmacy coincides well with the history of medicine, but it's important that there is a distinction between the two topics. Pha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In such studies multiple experimental treatments are tested in a single trial. Genetic testing enables researchers to group patients according to their genetic profile, deliver drugs based on that profile to that group and compare the results. Multiple companies can participate, each bringing a different drug. The firs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* C: Frank Wigglesworth Clarke of USGS and Henry Stephens Washington
</references>
* U: United States Geological Survey (USGS)
</references>
* B:
</references>
* F: Alexander Fersman
</references>
* G: Victor Goldschmidt
</references>
* M: Brian Mason
</references>
* K:
</references>
* H: Research on the history of c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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