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Microfluidics is the study and design of the control or transport of small volumes of fluid flow through porous material or narrow channels for a variety of applications (e.g. mixing, separations). Capillary pressure is one of many geometry-related characteristics that can be altered in a microfluidic device to optimiz... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the presence of air and various cofactors and enzymes, fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA. The pathway is called beta-oxidation. Each cycle of beta-oxidation shortens the fatty acid chain by two carbon atoms and produces one equivalent each of acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH. The acetyl-CoA is metabolized by the cit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Perilipin is an important regulator of lipid storage. Both an overexpression or deficiency of the protein, caused by a mutation, lead to severe health issues. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Presence of VMAT1 in cells has been shown to protect them from the damaging effects of cooling and rewarming associated with hypothermia. Experiments were carried out on aortic and kidney cells and tissues. Evidence was found that an accumulation of serotonin using VMAT1 and TPH1 allowed for the subsequent release of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to study trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry, it is necessary to compare the relative abundances of isotopes of trace metals in a given biological, geological, or chemical pool to a standard (discussed individually for each isotope system below) and monitor how those relative abundances change as a resu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The conventional method of preparation of sodium tetrachloroaurate involves the addition of tetrachloroauric acid solution to sodium chloride or sodium carbonate to form a mixture. The mixture is stirred at 100 °C, and then subjected to evaporation, cooling, crystallization, and drying to obtain the orange crystals of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, or OSM), also known as Linz-Donawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process, is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-car... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the cell nucleus, it seems that promoters are distributed preferentially at the edge of the chromosomal territories, likely for the co-expression of genes on different chromosomes. Furthermore, in humans, promoters show certain structural features characteristic for each chromosome. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gene trapping is based on random insertion of a cassette, while gene targeting manipulates a specific gene. Cassettes can be used for many different things while the flanking homology regions of gene targeting cassettes need to be adapted for each gene. This makes gene trapping more easily amenable for large scale proj... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aside from measuring the concentration of protein in meat, calculating bioavailability is another way in determining the total amount of component and quality. The calculation is done when food molecules are digested in various steps. Since human digestion is very complicated, a wide range of analytical techniques are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because they have many applications and are easily prepared, halomethanes have been of intense commercial interest. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Le Bel-vant Hoff rule states that for a structure with n asymmetric carbon atoms, there is a maximum of 2 different stereoisomers possible. As an example, -glucose is an aldohexose and has the formula CHO. Four of its six carbon atoms are stereogenic, which means -glucose is one of 2=16 possible stereoisomers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) is a surface science technique used to study the unoccupied electronic structure of surfaces, thin films, and adsorbates. A well-collimated beam of electrons of a well defined energy (< 20 eV) is directed at the sample. These electrons couple to high-lying unoccupied electronic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a redox reaction an electron donor D must diffuse to the acceptor A, forming a precursor complex, which is labile but allows electron transfer to give successor complex. The pair then dissociates. For a one electron transfer the reaction is
(D and A may already carry charges). Here k, k and k are diffusion constants... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electromechanical Film (EMFI, EMFIT, trademarks of Emfit Ltd) is a thin, flexible film that can function as a sensor or actuator. It is composed of a charged polymer coated with two conductive layers, making it an electret. It was invented and first made by Finnish inventor Kari Kirjavainen. Its voided internal structu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The British Mass Spectrometry Society is a registered charity founded in 1964 that encourages participation in every aspect of mass spectrometry. It aims to encourage participation in all aspects of mass spectrometry on the widest basis, to promote knowledge and advancement in the field and to provide a forum for the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Substitution reactions involve the replacement of the halogen with another molecule—thus leaving saturated hydrocarbons, as well as the halogenated product. Haloalkanes behave as the R synthon, and readily react with nucleophiles.
Hydrolysis, a reaction in which water breaks a bond, is a good example of the nucleophili... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kinesins are a superfamily of related motor proteins that use a microtubule track in anterograde movement. They are vital to spindle formation in mitotic and meiotic chromosome separation during cell division and are also responsible for shuttling mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and vesicles within eukaryotic cells. Kines... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A chiral auxiliary is an organic compound which couples to the starting material to form a new compound which can then undergo diastereoselective reactions via intramolecular asymmetric induction. At the end of the reaction the auxiliary is removed, under conditions that will not cause racemization of the product. It i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Specific cavitands form the basis of rigid templates onto which de novo proteins can be chemically linked. This template assembled synthetic protein (TASP) structure provides a platform for the study of protein structure.
Silicon surfaces functionalized with tetraphosphonate cavitands have been used to singularly detec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After graduating from St. Petersburg University, V. G. Khlopin was left at the department of Professor L. A. Chugaev, but while still a student, in 1911 he conducted a workshop on the chemical methods of sanitary analyzes with doctors at the St. Petersburg Clinical Institute, and continued this course of practical trai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lower alkyl tin compounds are often highly toxic and have penetrating odors. Tributyltin azide causes skin rashes, itching or blisters. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most important benefit of CAM to the plant is the ability to leave most leaf stomata closed during the day. Plants employing CAM are most common in arid environments, where water is scarce. Being able to keep stomata closed during the hottest and driest part of the day reduces the loss of water through evapotranspi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concentration of naturally produced HMB has been measured in several human body fluids using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. In the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy adults, the average molar conc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sensitizer in chemiluminescence is a chemical compound, capable of light emission after it has received energy from a molecule, which became excited previously in the chemical reaction. A good example is this:
When an alkaline solution of sodium hypochlorite and a concentrated solution of hydrogen peroxide are mixed,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbonic acid gas was an ancient term to specify the gaseous state of carbonic acid (synonymous with carbonic acid). It is listed as an alternative name for carbon dioxide in PubChem. In 1796 externally applied carbonic acid gas to the epidermis was reported to treat breast cancer; and inhalation treated tuberculosis a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Removal of monomers and solvents from Latex and suspensions, for example in the production of synthetic rubber, are usually done via stirred vessels. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mefloquine is metabolized primarily through the liver. Its elimination in persons with impaired liver function may be prolonged, resulting in higher plasma levels and an increased risk of adverse reactions. The mean elimination plasma half-life of mefloquine is between two and four weeks. Total clearance is through the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Taylor–von Neumann–Sedov blast wave (or sometimes referred to as Sedov–von Neumann–Taylor blast wave) refers to a blast wave induced by a strong explosion. The blast wave was described by a self-similar solution independently by G. I. Taylor, John von Neumann and Leonid Sedov during World War II. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioswales are useful low-impact development work to decrease the velocity of stormwater runoff while removing pollutants from the discharge. They are extremely beneficial in protecting surface water and local waterways from excessive pollution from stormwater runoff. The longer the runoff stays within the bioswale, the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, brosyl (or para-bromophenylsulfonyl) group is a functional group with the chemical formula BrCHSO. This group is usually introduced using the compound brosyl chloride, BrCHSOCl, which forms sulfonyl esters and amides of p-bromophenylsulfonic acid. The term brosylate refers to the anion of p-bromop... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One stable N-heterocyclic carbene has a structure analogous to borazine with one boron atom replaced by a methylene group. This results in a planar six-electron compound. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. Spectrophotometry uses photometers, known as spectrophotometers, that can measure the intensity of a light beam at different w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Elementary mode analysis closely matches the approach used by extreme pathways. Similar to extreme pathways, there is always a unique set of elementary modes available for a particular metabolic network. These are the smallest sub-networks that allow a metabolic reconstruction network to function in steady state. Accor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Langmuir–McLean equation for segregation, when using the regular solution model for a binary system, is valid for surface segregation (although sometimes the equation will be written replacing with ). The free energy of surface segregation is . The enthalpy is given by
where and are matrix surface energies witho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Johan Gadolin (5 June 176015 August 1852) was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered a "new earth" containing the first rare-earth compound yttrium, which was later determined to be a chemical element. He is also considered the founder of Finnish chemistry research, as the second holder of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cryoprotectants are also used to preserve foods. These compounds are typically sugars that are inexpensive and do not pose any toxicity concerns. For example, many (raw) frozen chicken products contain a sucrose and sodium phosphates solution in water. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One consequence of this difference is that the color charge is too large for perturbative computations which are the mainstay of QED. As a result, the main theoretical tools to explore the theory of the QGP is lattice gauge theory. The transition temperature (approximately ) was first predicted by lattice gauge theory.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The efficiency of conversion of ingested food to unit of body substance (ECI, also termed "growth efficiency") is an index measure of food fuel efficiency in animals. The ECI is a rough scale of how much of the food ingested is converted into growth in the animal's mass. It can be used to compare the growth efficiency ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Primary and secondary consumers in lakes require organic matter (either from plants or animals) to maintain organismal function. Organic matter including tree leaves, dissolved organic matter, and algae provide essential resources to these consumers and in the process increase lake ecosystem respiration rates in the co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) is a learned society set up in 1881 "to further the application of chemistry and related sciences for the public benefit". | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Armando Bukele Kattán (16 December 1944 – 30 November 2015) was a Salvadoran businessman and Muslim religious leader and father of current Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Here, the aglycone is coumarin or a derivative. An example is apterin which is reported to dilate the coronary arteries as well as block calcium channels. Other coumarin glycosides are obtained from dried leaves of Psoralea corylifolia. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Agents that increase surface tension are "surface active" in the literal sense but are not called surfactants as their effect is opposite to the common meaning. A common example of surface tension increase is salting out: adding an inorganic salt to an aqueous solution of a weakly polar substance will cause the substan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An important functional feature of genes is the phenotype caused by mutations. Mutants can be produced by random mutations or by directed mutagenesis, including site-directed mutagenesis, deleting complete genes, or other techniques. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Orally consumed retinoic acid (RA), as all-trans-tretinoin or 13-cis-isotretinoin has been shown to improve facial skin health by switching on genes and differentiating keratinocytes (immature skin cells) into mature epidermal cells. RA reduces the size and secretion of the sebaceous glands, and by doing so reduces bac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In most cases, splicing removes introns as single units from precursor mRNA transcripts. However, in some cases, especially in mRNAs with very long introns, splicing happens in steps, with part of an intron removed and then the remaining intron is spliced out in a following step. This has been found first in the Ultrab... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reverberatory furnaces are long furnaces that can treat wet, dry, or roasted concentrate. Most of the reverberatory furnaces used in the latter years treated roasted concentrate because putting dry feed materials into the reverberatory furnace is more energy efficient, and because the elimination of some of the sulfur ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NEM is a Michael acceptor in the Michael reaction, which means that it adds nucleophiles such as thiols. The resulting thioether features a strong C-S bond and the reaction is virtually irreversible. Reaction with thiols occur in the pH range 6.5–7.5, NEM may react with amines or undergo hydrolysis at a more alkaline... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copperas works are manufactories where copperas (iron(II) sulfate) is produced from pyrite, often obtained as a byproduct during coal mining, and iron. The history of producing green vitriol, as it was known, goes back hundreds of years in Scotland. In 1814 the wool-producing city of Steubenville, Ohio had seven copper... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Researchers conjugated the thermo-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) with the biotin-recognizing protein streptavidin close to its recognition site. At temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the polymer collapses and blocks the binding site, thus reversibly preventing bi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The synthesis of NanoPutian’s lower body begins with nitroaniline as a starting material. Addition of Br in acetic acid places two equivalents of bromine on the benzene ring. NH is an electron donating group, and NO is an electron withdrawing group, which both direct bromination to the meta position relative to the NO ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concept of microstructure is observable in macrostructural features in commonplace objects. Galvanized steel, such as the casing of a lamp post or road divider, exhibits a non-uniformly colored patchwork of interlocking polygons of different shades of grey or silver. Each polygon is a single crystal of zinc adherin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cellulose bioplastics are mainly the cellulose esters (including cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose) and their derivatives, including celluloid.
Cellulose can become thermoplastic when extensively modified. An example of this is cellulose acetate, which is expensive and therefore rarely used for packaging. However, c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The rate of hypothyroidism is around six times higher in people who take lithium. Low thyroid hormone levels in turn increase the likelihood of developing depression. People taking lithium thus should routinely be assessed for hypothyroidism and treated with synthetic thyroxine if necessary.
Because lithium competes wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another direction for transparent wood applications is as a high optical transmittance for optoelectronic devices as substrates in photovoltaic solar cells. Li and her colleagues at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology studied the high optical transmittance that makes transparent wood a candidate for substrate in pero... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov (traditional abbreviation "MITHT") is one of the oldest universities in the country that offer training in a wide range of specialties in the field of chemical technology.
Currently, there are more than 4,500 students in nine areas of unde... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The quantum number J refers to the total angular momentum, as before. Since there are three independent moments of inertia, there are two other independent quantum numbers to consider, but the term values for an asymmetric rotor cannot be derived in closed form. They are obtained by individual matrix diagonalization fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stratified waters, in combination with slow vertical mixing, are essential to maintaining euxinic conditions. Stratification occurs when two or more water masses with different densities occupy the same basin. While the less dense surface water can exchange gas with the oxygen-rich atmosphere, the denser bottom waters ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chlorotrifluoromethane, R-13, CFC-13, or Freon 13, is a non-flammable, non-corrosive, nontoxic chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and also a mixed halomethane. It is a man-made substance used primarily as a refrigerant. When released into the environment, CFC-13 has a high ozone depletion potential, and long atmospheric lifeti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The interaction between bases on different strands depends somewhat on the neighboring bases. Instead of treating a DNA helix as a string of interactions between base pairs, the nearest-neighbor model treats a DNA helix as a string of interactions between neighboring base pairs. So, for example, the DNA shown below h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The GFP publishes a newsletter "Actualités du GFP", 2-3 times per year. Additionally, its Education Commission periodically releases books on different aspects of polymers and their applications. In 2004, the GFP joined forces with the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry to promote education in polymer s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compounds containing fluorine-18, a radioactive isotope that emits positrons, are often used in positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, because the isotopes half-life of about 110 minutes is usefully long by positron-emitter standards. One such radiopharmaceutical is 2-deoxy-2-(F)fluoro-D-glucose (generically refe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most MAPKs have a number of shared characteristics, such as the activation dependent on two phosphorylation events, a three-tiered pathway architecture and similar substrate recognition sites. These are the "classical" MAP kinases. But there are also some ancient outliers from the group as sketched above, that do not ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The need for fluorescently tracking RNA rose as its roles in complex cellular functions has grown to not only include mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA, but also RNAi, siRNA, snoRNA, and lncRNA, among others. Spinach is a synthetically derived RNA aptamer born out of the need for a way of studying the role of RNAs at the cellular l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The parent metallacyclobutane has the formula LM(CH) where L is a ligand attached to M. A stable example is (PPh)Pt(CH). The first example was prepared by oxidative addition of cyclopropane to platinum.
Metallacyclobutane intermediates are involved in the alkene metathesis and in the oligomerization and dimerization of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plants have been engineered for scientific research, to display new flower colors, deliver vaccines, and to create enhanced crops. Many plants are pluripotent, meaning that a single cell from a mature plant can be harvested and under the right conditions can develop into a new plant. This ability can be taken advantage... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antibody Solutions was founded in 1995 by current president, John Kenney, PhD, Judith Lynch-Kenney, and Dennis and Bette Gould. Dr. Kenney previously managed the monoclonal antibody (MAb) development laboratory for Syntex Research (Roche) in Palo Alto, while Gould managed the MAb production facility for Syva Diagnosti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The BRENDA tissue ontology (BTO) represents a comprehensive structured encyclopedia. It provides terms, classifications, and definitions of tissues, organs, anatomical structures, plant parts, cell cultures, cell types, and cell lines of organisms from all taxonomic groups (animals, plants, fungi, protozoon) as enzyme ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ying Ge is a Chinese-American chemist who is a Professor of Cell and Regenerative Biology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her research considers the molecular mechanisms that underpin cardiac disease. She has previously served on the board of directors of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. In 2020 Ge w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Self-complementarity refers to the fact that a sequence of DNA or RNA may fold back on itself, creating a double-strand like structure. Depending on how close together the parts of the sequence are that are self-complementary, the strand may form hairpin loops, junctions, bulges or internal loops. RNA is more likely to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alkenes undergo "hydroesterification" in the presence of metal carbonyl catalysts. Esters of propanoic acid are produced commercially by this method:
A preparation of methyl propionate is one illustrative example.
The carbonylation of methanol yields methyl formate, which is the main commercial source of formic acid. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Traffic waves, also called stop waves, ghost jams, traffic snakes or traffic shocks, are traveling disturbances in the distribution of cars on a highway. Traffic waves travel backwards relative to the cars themselves. Relative to a fixed spot on the road the wave can move with, or against the traffic, or even be statio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The electron affinity of molecules is a complicated function of their electronic structure.
For instance the electron affinity for benzene is negative, as is that of naphthalene, while those of anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene are positive. In silico experiments show that the electron affinity of hexacyanobenzene su... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A two-dimensional polymer (2DP) is a sheet-like monomolecular macromolecule consisting of laterally connected repeat units with end groups along all edges. This recent definition of 2DP is based on Hermann Staudinger's polymer concept from the 1920s. According to this, covalent long chain molecules ("Makromoleküle") do... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To obtain the reduction potential as a function of the measured concentrations of the redox-active species in solution, it is necessary to express the activities as a function of the concentrations.
Given that the chemical activity denoted here by { } is the product of the activity coefficient γ by the concentration de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polyether polyols have numerous uses. As an example, polyurethane foam is a big user of polyether polyols.
Polyester polyols can be used to produce rigid foam. They are available in both aromatic and aliphatic versions. They are also available in mixed aliphatic-aromatic versions often made from recycled raw materials,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Usually, transition metal NHC complexes are prepared less directly. A popular method entails transmetallation of silver-NHC complexes. Such reagents are generated by the reaction of silver(I) oxide with the imidazolium salt. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The problem of landslides in spoil tips was first brought to public attention in October 1966 in English speaking world when a spoil tip at Aberfan in Wales gave way, killing 144 people, 116 of them children. The tip was built over a spring, increasing its instability, and its height exceeded guidelines. Water from hea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA and RNA are broken down into mononucleotides by the nucleases deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease (DNase and RNase) from the pancreas. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Large-scale industrial/municipal systems recover typically 75% to 80% of the feed water, or as high as 90%, because they can generate the required higher pressure. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The half life of tritium is listed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology as () – an annualized rate of approximately 5.5% per year. Tritium decays into helium-3 by beta-minus decay as shown in this nuclear equation:
releasing 18.6 keV of energy in the process. The electron's kinetic energy varies, with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rogue waves (also known as freak waves, monster waves, episodic waves, killer waves, extreme waves, and abnormal waves) are unusually large and unpredictable surface waves that can be extremely dangerous to ships and isolated structures such as lighthouses. They are distinct from tsunamis, which are often almost unnoti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The rate of reductive elimination is greatly influenced by the geometry of the metal complex. In octahedral complexes, reductive elimination can be very slow from the coordinatively saturated center, and often, reductive elimination only proceeds via a dissociative mechanism, where a ligand must initially dissociate to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flow boiling is boiling at a flowing fluid. Compared with pool boiling, flow boiling heat transfer depends on many factors including flow pressure, mass flow rate, fluid type, upstream condition, wall materials, system geometry, and applied heat flux. Characterization of flow boiling requires comprehensive consideratio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Iron ore in the form of siderite, commonly known as iron stone or historically as mine, occurs in patches or bands in the Cretaceous clays of the Weald. Differing qualities of ore were extracted and mixed by experienced smelters to give the best results. Sites of opencast quarries survive from the pre-Roman and Roman e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inside a magnet the wires are subjected to high Lorentz forces as well as thermal stresses during cooling. Any strain in the niobium tin causes a decrease in the superconducting performance of the material, and can cause the brittle material to fracture. Because of this, the wires need to be as stiff as possible. The Y... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silicon carbide fibers are used to measure gas temperatures in an optical technique called thin-filament pyrometry. It involves the placement of a thin filament in a hot gas stream. Radiative emissions from the filament can be correlated with filament temperature. Filaments are SiC fibers with a diameter of 15 micromet... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Through photosynthesis, plants use CO from the atmosphere, water from the ground, and energy from the sun to create sugars used for growth and fuel. While using these sugars as fuel releases carbon back into the atmosphere (photorespiration), growth stores carbon in the physical structures of the plant (i.e. leaves, w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In spite of the usefulness in cell tracking and cell visualization of Kaede, there are some limitations.
Although Kaede will shift to red upon the exposure of UV or violet light and display a 2,000-fold increase in red-to-green fluorescence ratio, using both the red and green fluorescence bands can cause problems in m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tissue reactions have a threshold of irradiation under which they do not appear and above which they typically appear. Fractionation of dose, dose rate, the application of antioxidants and other factors may affect the precise threshold at which a tissue reaction occurs. Tissue reactions include skin reactions (epilatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because the system must address different depths in the medium, and at different depths the spherical aberration induced in the wavefront is different, a method is required to dynamically account for these differences. Many possible methods exist that include optical elements that swap in and out of the optical path, m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) is a short piece of synthetic DNA complementary to the sequence of a variable target DNA. It acts as a probe for the presence of the target in a Southern blot assay or, more commonly, in the simpler dot blot assay. It is a common tool used in genetic testing, forensics, and mole... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methylene blue is used in aquaculture and by tropical fish hobbyists as a treatment for fungal infections. It can also be effective in treating fish infected with ich although a combination of malachite green and formaldehyde is far more effective against the parasitic protozoa Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. It is usual... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Through competitive fellowship stipends, ECS supports students and young professionals as they pursue new ideas and forge connections with professionals both within and outside the field. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Antoine Jérôme Balard met John Stuart Mill while Mill was studying at the Montpellier Faculty of Sciences in the Winter of 1820.
In Mill's journal of the period he writes of visiting Balard at his home, being shown his herbarium and receiving from him a selection of his plants from the Montpellier area, in addition t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publishes three research journals and a monthly magazine covering society news and activity updates. ASBMB journals are peer-reviewed and cover research in the fields of microbiology, molecular genetics, RNA-related research, proteomics, genomics, transcriptio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A magneto-optical trap (MOT) is commonly used for cooling and trapping a substance by Doppler cooling. In the process of Doppler cooling, the red detuned light would be absorbed by atoms from one certain direction and re-emitted in a random direction. The electrons of the atoms would decay to an alternative ground stat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosgene is a planar molecule as predicted by VSEPR theory. The C=O distance is 1.18 Å, the C−Cl distance is 1.74 Å and the Cl−C−Cl angle is 111.8°. Phosgene is a carbon oxohalide and it can be considered one of the simplest acyl chlorides, being formally derived from carbonic acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jiří Hálas textbook states that soils vary greatly in their ability to bind radioisotopes, the clay particles and humic acids can alter the distribution of the isotopes between the soil water and the soil. The distribution coefficient K is the ratio of the soils radioactivity (Bq g) to that of the soil water (Bq ml). ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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