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This type of tensiometer uses a platinum ring which is submersed in a liquid. As the ring is pulled out of the liquid, the force required is precisely measured in order to determine the surface tension of the liquid.
The method is well-established as shown by a number of international standards on it such as ASTM D971.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Alternative Splicing and Transcript Diversity database (ASTD) was a database of transcript variants maintained by the European Bioinformatics Institute from 2008 to 2012. It contained transcription initiation, polyadenylation and splicing variant data. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution, a primary or secondary amine adds to the carbonyl group and a proton is transferred from the nitrogen to the oxygen atom to create a carbinolamine. In the case of a primary amine, a water molecule can be eliminated from the carbinolamine intermediate to yield an imine or its trimer,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The species depends heavily on mesic habitats, and in areas on the periphery of its range, which contain distinctive and divergent subspecies, populations may be lost if the wetness of the habitats changes. A distinct Pleistocene relict subspecies, M. d. chihuahuensis, the Chihuahuan vole, was also found in Chihuahua, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ozone depletion
A team of researchers at the University of East Anglia analysed unpolluted air samples from Tasmania dating from the period 1978 to 2012. They concluded that the CFC's they studied had started entering the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in the 1960s and that while the abundance of certain CFCs ha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) can be contrasted with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the other form of inorganic carbon found in the ocean. These distinctions are important in chemical oceanography. Particulate inorganic carbon is sometimes called suspended inorganic carbon. In operational terms, it is defined a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The macroscopic theory of van der Waals theory has many experimental validations. Among which, some of the most notable ones are Derjaguin (1960); Derjaguin, Abrikosova and Lifshitz (1956) and Israelachvili and Tabor (1973), who measured the balance of forces between macroscopic bodies of glass, or glass and mica; Hayd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase
Cytochrome P450 reductase, also known as NADPH:ferrihemoprotein oxidoreductase, NADPH:hemoprotein oxidoreductase, NADPH:P450 oxidoreductase, P450 reductase, POR, CPR, CYPOR, is a membrane-bound enzyme required for electron transfer to cytochrome P450 in the microsome of the eukaryotic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pregnancy rate may be defined in various ways. In the United States, SART and the Centers for Disease Control (and appearing in the table in the Success Rates section above) include statistics on positive pregnancy test and clinical pregnancy rate.
The 2019 summary compiled by the SART the following data for non-donor ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In hydrodynamics, the behavior of flowing liquids is illustrated by flow lines. They run in the same direction as the flow itself. If the outflowing liquid hits an edge, the flow is compressed into a smaller cross-section. It only does not break off if the flow rate of liquid particles remains constant, regardless of w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Surprisal analysis was formulated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem as a joint effort between Raphael David Levine, Richard Barry Bernstein and Avinoam Ben-Shaul in 1972. Levine and colleagues had recognized a need to better understand the dynamics of non-equilibrium systems, particularly of small systems, that are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Valves stop (or regulate) the flow of liquids or gases. They are categorized by application, such as isolation, throttling, and non-return.
Isolation valves temporarily disconnect part of a piping system to allow maintenance or repair, for example. Isolation valves are typically left in either a fully open or closed po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A line source is a line from which fluid appears and flows away on planes perpendicular to the line. When we consider 2-D flows on the perpendicular plane, a line source appears as a point source.
By symmetry, we can assume that the fluid flows radially outward from the source.
The strength of a source can be given by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mefloquine, sold under the brand name Lariam among others, is a medication used to prevent or treat malaria. When used for prevention it is typically started before potential exposure and continued for several weeks after potential exposure. It can be used to treat mild or moderate malaria but is not recommended for se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rare-earth oxides such as ytterbium oxide (YbO) and erbium oxide (ErO) are the most commonly used selective emitters. These oxides emit a narrow band of wavelengths in the near-infrared region, allowing the emission spectra to be tailored to better fit the absorbance characteristics of a particular PV material. The pea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Syntactic foams are composite materials synthesized by filling a metal, polymer, cementitious or ceramic matrix with hollow spheres called microballoons or cenospheres or non-hollow spheres (e.g. perlite) as aggregates. In this context, "syntactic" means "put together." The presence of hollow particles results in lower... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The simplest derivation of the Avrami equation makes a number of significant assumptions and simplifications:
* Nucleation occurs randomly and homogeneously over the entire untransformed portion of the material.
* The growth rate does not depend on the extent of transformation.
* Growth occurs at the same rate in all d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Jose Carlos Melo, who is considered to be the "father" of condominial sewers in Brazil, some important constraints for the application of simplified sewerage are:
* Lack of information on fundamentals and techniques of the approach or lack of experience in its application,
* Resistance to change: Instituti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The idealized plug flow reactor is an open system resembling a tube with no mixing in the direction of flow but perfect mixing perpendicular to the direction of flow, often used for systems like rivers and water pipes if the flow is turbulent. When a mass balance is made for a tube, one first considers an infinitesimal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Choi studied piano at Yewon Middle School, Korea's first middle school dedicated to the arts. In high school, Choi liked Chemistry and Physics classes tremendously and decided to become a scientist. Choi attended college at Seoul National University in South Korea, earning her B.S. (major in Food and Nutrition and mino... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Industrially, the main methods for producing nitriles are ammoxidation and hydrocyanation. Both routes are green in the sense that they do not generate stoichiometric amounts of salts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many viruses undergo frequent mutations that result in changes in amino acid composition of their important proteins. Epitopes located on the protein may also undergo alterations in the process. Such an altered epitope binds less strongly with the antibodies specific to the unaltered epitope that would have stimulated... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A union also connects two pipes but is quite different from a coupling, as it allows future disconnection of the pipes for maintenance. In contrast to a coupling requiring solvent welding, soldering, or rotation (for threaded couplings), a union allows easy connection and disconnection multiple times if needed. It cons... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor who invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp. He is also remembered for isolating, by using electricity, several elements for the first time: potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magn... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Calvin cycle, DHAP is one of the products of the sixfold reduction of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by NADPH. It is also used in the synthesis of sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, both of which are used to reform ribulose 5-phosphate, the key carbohydrate of the Calvin cycle.
DHAP is also t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Governments have set standards on the allowable turbidity in drinking water. In the United States, public water systems that use conventional or direct filtration methods must not have a turbidity higher than 1.0 NTU at the plant outlet and all samples for turbidity must be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU for at least 95... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chairman, Gordon Research Conference on Analytical Chemistry; James B. Himes Merit Award of the Chicago Chromatography Discussion Group; M.S. Tswett Award and Medal in Chromatography; American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography; ISCO Award in Biochemical Instrumentation; Eastern Analytical Symposium Award in Chro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1885, Auer von Welsbach used a method of fractional crystallization that he had developed himself to separate the alloy didymium into its two parts, for the first time. It had previously been believed to be an element. After 167 crystallizations, Auer von Welsbach differentiated it into two colored salts: he named t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The development process is modeled as the development of gene expression states. The gene expression pattern at time is defined as the initial expression state. The interactions among genes change the expression states during the development process. This process is modeled by the following differential equations
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Systematic pairwise deletion of genes or inhibition of gene expression can be used to identify genes with related function, even if they do not interact physically. Epistasis refers to the fact that effects for two different gene knockouts may not be additive; that is, the phenotype that results when two genes are inhi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An immobilized enzyme is an enzyme, with restricted mobility, attached to an inert, insoluble material—such as calcium alginate (produced by reacting a mixture of sodium alginate solution and enzyme solution with calcium chloride). This can provide increased resistance to changes in conditions such as pH or temperature... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Succinate-Q oxidoreductase, also known as complex II or succinate dehydrogenase, is a second entry point to the electron transport chain. It is unusual because it is the only enzyme that is part of both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. Complex II consists of four protein subunits and contains a b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are >50 human diseases associated with SINEs. When inserted near or within the exon, SINEs can cause improper splicing, become coding regions, or change the reading frame, often leading to disease phenotypes in humans and other animals. Insertion of Alu elements in the human genome is associated with breast cance... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The TRAFAC class of G domain proteins is named after the prototypical member, the translation factor G proteins. They play roles in translation, signal transduction, and cell motility. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Japan was the first country that allowed the use of sucrose esters as food additives. The Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare approved sucrose esters in 1959. Then, in 1969, FAO/WHO approved the use of sucrose esters.
Sucrose esters were approved and registered by European Food Safety Authority or EFSA under the E ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The discovery of TOR and mTOR stemmed from independent studies of the natural product rapamycin by Joseph Heitman, Rao Movva, and Michael N. Hall in 1991; by David M. Sabatini, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Mary Lui, Paul Tempst, and Solomon H. Snyder in 1994; and by Candace J. Sabers, Mary M. Martin, Gregory J. Brunn, Jos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Further investigations by Sir Edward Abraham and Guy Newton were made in England and isolation of culture fluids from the Sardinian fungus yielded cephalosporin P, N and C. These natural compounds were not found to be potent enough to use as antimicrobial agents but with chemical methods and removal of the natural side... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Prilezhaev reaction involves the conversion of an alkene to an epoxide using a peracid as the oxidant and was first reported in 1909. The reaction has been used as the final step of the synthesis of scopine, a tropane alkaloid. In this approach, a [4+3] cycloaddition mediated by diiron nonacarbonyl is used to con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following packages calculate the state of the carbonate system in seawater (including pH):
* [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html CO2SYS] , available as a stand-alone executable, Excel spreadsheet, or MATLAB script.
* [http://cran.at.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html seacarb], a R package for Wind... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many alloys of industrial significance have some volume fraction of second phase particles, either as a result of impurities or from deliberate alloying additions. Depending on their size and distribution such particles may act to either encourage or retard recrystallization. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipinski's rule states that, in general, an orally active drug has no more than one violation of the following criteria:
* No more than 5 hydrogen bond donors (the total number of nitrogen–hydrogen and oxygen–hydrogen bonds)
* No more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors (all nitrogen or oxygen atoms)
* A molecular mass les... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MAO inhibitors within 14 days. MAO inhibitors include isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, and tranylcypromine.
Drinking alcohol can increase side effects of dexbrompheniramine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alongside the ACC there is also the associated Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), which is also mainly driven by wind forcing. The insensitivity of the mean current to the accelerating wind forcing can also be seen in the MOC. This near independence of the MOC to the increase of wind stress is referred to as edd... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
6-Methylisoxanthopterin (6MI) is a base analog for the nucleotide guanine. It is useful as a fluorescent indicator because unlike most other base analogs, quenching does not occur when it is incorporated into a double helix. In fact, it exhibits a 3 to 4-fold increase in quantum yield when it is incorporated into a dup... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The placeholder R is often used as a generic placeholder for alkyl (saturated hydrocarbon) group side chains in chemical structure diagrams. To indicate other non-carbon groups in structure diagrams, X, Y, or Z are often used. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Agmatine biosynthesis by arginine decarboxylation is well-positioned to compete with the principal arginine-dependent pathways, namely: nitrogen metabolism (urea cycle), and polyamine and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis (see illustration Agmatine Metabolic Pathways). Agmatine degradation occurs mainly by hydrolysis, cataly... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
However, the biological effects of radiation due to radioactive substances were less easy to gauge. This gave the opportunity for many physicians and corporations to market radioactive substances as patent medicines. Examples were radium enema treatments, and radium-containing waters to be drunk as tonics. Marie Curie ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For many years, the origin of residual supercoiling in eukaryotic genomes remained unclear. This topological puzzle was referred to by some as the "linking number paradox". However, when experimentally determined structures of the nucleosome displayed an over-twisted left-handed wrap of DNA around the histone octamer, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reductions with metal alkoxyaluminium hydrides are chemical reactions that involve either the net hydrogenation of an unsaturated compound or the replacement of a reducible functional group with hydrogen by metal alkoxyaluminium hydride reagents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fahy is the world's foremost expert in organ cryopreservation by vitrification. Fahy introduced the modern successful approach to vitrification for cryopreservation in cryobiology and he is widely credited, along with William F. Rall, for introducing vitrification into the field of reproductive biology.
In 2005, where ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Phillips catalyst is prepared by impregnating high surface area silica gel with chromium trioxide or related chromium compounds. The solid precatalyst is then calcined in air to give the active catalyst. Only a fraction of the chromium is catalytically active, a fact that interferes with elucidation of the cataly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The DNA or RNA aptamers are fixed on the interrogating electrode, where a redox reaction is reported by a redox tag. Gold is often used as the probe surface for interrogating electrodes. The surface of the gold electrode is packed with redox-tagged DNA or RNA aptamers. The redox reporter is often methylene blue. Upon t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
António Egas Moniz searched for a radiocontrast agent for cerebral angiography. After experiments on rabbits and dogs he settled upon sodium iodide as the best medium. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to historic activities typically related to the radium industry, uranium mining, and military programs, numerous sites contain or are contaminated with radioactivity. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy states there are "millions of gallons of radioactive waste" as well as "thousands of tons of spe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He is also the co-author of three popular books on total synthesis:
#Classics in Total Synthesis I, 1996
#Classics in Total Synthesis II, 2003
#Classics in Total Synthesis III, 2011
Additionally, he authored or co-authored several other books:
#Molecules That Changed the World, 2008
#Handbook of Combinatorial Chemistr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was the third prokaryote and first photosynthetic organism whose genome was completely sequenced. It continues to be an important model organism. Cyanothece ATCC 51142 is an important diazotrophic model organism. The smallest genomes have been found in Prochloroc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) is a soft ionization method in mass spectrometry (MS) used for the analysis of protein mixtures. It is a variation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). In MALDI, the sample is mixed with a matrix material and applied to a metal plate before irradia... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Marine macrophytes (i.e., macroalgae and seagrass) are highly productive and extend over large areas in coastal waters but their production of DOC has not received much attention. Macrophytes release DOC during growth with a conservative estimate (excluding release from decaying tissues) suggesting that macroalgae rele... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In some cases, the stereochemistry of the starting material can prevent the formation of the Zaytsev product. For example, when menthyl chloride is treated with sodium ethoxide, the Hofmann product is formed exclusively, but in very low yield:
This result is due to the stereochemistry of the starting material. E2 elimi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A dilute solution of a certain polymer has a unique feature: all polymers are considered independent from each other, so that interactions between polymers may be neglected. By illuminating such a solution with a ray of considerable width, a macroscopic number of chain conformations are being sampled simultaneously. In... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inspired from the dirhodium tetraacetate bimetallic salt, synthetic chemists decided to explore the synthesis of paddlewheel mixed heteronuclear bismuth-rhodium salts. The synthesis involves treatment of the [Rh(OCR)] salt with the dibusmuth tetrafluoroacetate [Bi(OCCF)] equivalent. Depending on the nature and sterics ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrometalation (hydrometallation) is a type of chemical reaction in organometallic chemistry in which a chemical compound with a hydrogen to metal bond (M-H, metal hydride) adds to compounds with an unsaturated bond like an alkene (RC=CR) forming a new compound with a carbon to metal bond (RHC-CRM). The metal is less ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IRsweep is a Swiss company offering optical spectroscopy solutions and multipass absorption cells.
The spectroscopy is based on semiconductor quantum cascade laser frequency combs
in the mid-infrared wavelength range. The company is based in Zurich, Switzerland and was founded in 2014 and acquired by Sensirion Holding ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation, also known as the Weizmann process, is a process that uses bacterial fermentation to produce acetone, n-butanol, and ethanol from carbohydrates such as starch and glucose. It was developed by chemist Chaim Weizmann and was the primary process used to produce acetone, which wa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A table with experimental single bonds for carbon to other elements is given below. Bond lengths are given in picometers. By approximation the bond distance between two different atoms is the sum of the individual covalent radii (these are given in the chemical element articles for each element). As a general trend, bo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pharynx is a part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system and also a part of the digestive system. It is the part of the throat immediately behind the nasal cavity at the back of the mouth and above the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx is made up of three parts. The lower two parts—the oropharynx and the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Benefactor and corporate members can be companies, universities, national, regional or international organizations, laboratories, associations or any other structure active in or connected to the refrigeration industry or IIR activities. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This process consists of depositing a solid culture substrate, such as rice or wheat bran, on flatbeds after seeding it with microorganisms; the substrate is then left in a temperature-controlled room for several days.
Liquid state fermentation is performed in tanks, which can reach at an industrial scale. Liquid cult... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ideality factor (also called the emissivity factor) is a fitting parameter that describes how closely the diode's behavior matches that predicted by theory, which assumes the p-n junction of the diode is an infinite plane and no recombination occurs within the space-charge region. A perfect match to theory is indic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Langgan () is the ancient Chinese name of a gemstone which remains an enigma in the history of mineralogy; it has been identified, variously, as blue-green malachite, blue coral, white coral, whitish chalcedony, red spinel, and red jade. It is also the name of a mythological langgan tree of immortality found in the wes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2020 a spectroscopic analysis was reported to show signs of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus in quantities that could not be explained by known abiotic processes. Later re-analysis of this work showed interpolation errors had been made, and re-analysis of data with the fixed algorithm do not result in the detect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The apparent incorruptibility of an elixir-takers corpse is Needham and Lus second explanation for the persistent belief in immortality elixirs. They suggest that in some cases a body did not decompose because the deceased had died from mercury or arsenic poisoning, which is forensically known to often preserve a corps... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neptunes internal heat and convection drives cycles of methane, carbon, and a combination of other volatiles within Tritons lithosphere.
Models predicted the presence of seasonal nitrogen cycles on the moon Triton, however this has not been supported by observations to date. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Various governmental agencies involved with environmental protection and with occupational safety and health have promulgated regulations limiting the allowable concentrations of gaseous pollutants in the ambient air or in emissions to the ambient air. Such regulations involve a number of different expressions of conce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Short-wave UV light is harmful to humans. In addition to causing sunburn and (over time) skin cancer, this light can produce extremely painful inflammation of the cornea of the eye, which may lead to temporary or permanent vision impairment. For this reason, the light produced by a germicidal lamp must be carefully shi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The unambiguous mechanism of the antigen transfer is still unknown. However, there are three possible ways: I. acquisition of mTEC apoptotic bodies, which could possibly be related with low mTEC lifespan II. acquisition of exosomes and III. acquisition via trogocytosis, how antigen transfer can be mediated.
There is al... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diethyl azodicarboxylate, conventionally abbreviated as DEAD and sometimes as DEADCAT, is an organic compound with the structural formula . Its molecular structure consists of a central azo functional group, RN=NR, flanked by two ethyl ester groups. This orange-red liquid is a valuable reagent but also quite dangerous ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Macroscopic optical elements and active optical components as well as large area hot mirrors, cold mirrors, lenses, and beam splitters can be made by the sol–gel route. In the processing of high performance ceramic nanomaterials with superior opto-mechanical properties under adverse conditions, the size of the crystall... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The SUV has emerged as a clinically useful, albeit controversial, semi-quantitative tool in PET analysis. Standardizing imaging protocols and measuring the SUV at the same time post-injection of the radiotracer, is necessary to obtain a correct SUV because imaging before the uptake plateau introduces unpredictable erro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hexamethylenetetramine was discovered by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1859.
It is prepared industrially by combining formaldehyde and ammonia:
The reaction can be conducted in gas phase and in solution.
The molecule has a tetrahedral cage-like structure, similar to adamantane. Four vertices are occupied by nitrogen atoms, whi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The name Vaiśeṣika Sūtra (Sanskrit: वैशेषिक सूत्र) is derived from viśeṣa, विशेष, which means "particularity", that is to be contrasted from "universality". The classes particularity and universality belong to different categories of experience. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discovery that a hormone can influence phosphoinositide metabolism was made by Mabel R. Hokin (1924–2003) and her husband Lowell E. Hokin in 1953, when they discovered that radioactive P phosphate was incorporated into the phosphatidylinositol of pancreas slices when stimulated with acetylcholine. Up until then pho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unresolved complex mixture (UCM), or hump, is a feature frequently observed in gas chromatographic (GC) data of crude oils and extracts from organisms exposed to oil.
The reason for the UCM hump appearance is that GC cannot resolve and identify a significant part of the hydrocarbons in crude oils. The resolved componen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Homoenolates are a type of functional group that have been used in synthetic organic chemistry since the 1980s. They are related to enolates, but represent an umpolung of their reactivity. Homoenolates can be formed with a variety of different metal counterions, including lithium, iron, silver, lead, titanium, tin, tel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In implementing the CWA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined BMP in the federal wastewater permit regulations, initially to refer to auxiliary procedures for industrial wastewater controls.
:...schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practice... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Concerns regarding the persistence in the environment and toxicity to various flora and fauna of oil dispersants date back to their early use in the 1960s and 1970s. Both the degradation and the toxicity of dispersants depend on the chemicals chosen within the formulation. Compounds which interact too harshly with oil ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) is a widely used technique for controlling the morphology and ordering of block copolymer (BCP) films. By controlling the block ratio (f = N/N), spheres, cylinders, gyroids , and lamellae structures can be generated by forming a swollen and mobile layer of thin-film from added solvent vapo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Attenuation was first observed by Charles Yanofsky in the trp operon of E. coli. The first observation was linked to two separate scientific facts. Mutations which knocked out the trp R (repressor) gene still showed some regulation of the trp operon (these mutants were not fully induced/repressed by tryptophan). The to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early developments in organometallic chemistry include Louis Claude Cadets synthesis of methyl arsenic compounds related to cacodyl, William Christopher Zeises platinum-ethylene complex, Edward Franklands discovery of diethyl- and dimethylzinc, Ludwig Monds discovery of Ni(CO), and Victor Grignard's organomagnesium com... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amorphous solids typically exhibit higher localization of heat carriers compared to crystalline, giving rise to low thermal conductivity. Products for thermal protection, such as thermal barrier coatings and insulation, rely on materials with ultralow thermal conductivity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The history of penicillin follows observations and discoveries of evidence of antibiotic activity of the mould Penicillium that led to the development of penicillins that became the first widely used antibiotics. Following the production of a relatively pure compound in 1942, penicillin was the first naturally-derived ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dexchlorpheniramine is an antihistamine, or an antagonist of the histamine H receptor. A study found that dexchlorpheniramine had a K value of 20 to 30 μM for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors using rat brain tissue. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mechanism behind episomal retention in the case of S/MAR episomes is generally still uncertain.
As of 1985, in the case of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection, episomes seemed to be associated with nuclear proteins of the host cell through a set of viral proteins. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 1997, Waters was an honorary senior research fellow at Massey University's Albany campus, where his wife Joyce was a professor of chemistry.
In 2002, Massey Universitys governing council considered restoring Waters to the vice-chancellorship as an interim replacement following the retirement of his successor, Jame... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1985, Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou invented a method to amplify laser pulses by "chirping". This changed a single wavelength into a full spectrum. The system amplified the beam at each wavelength and then reversed the beam into one color. Chirp pulsed amplification became instrumental for NIF and the Omega EP ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Ferrier Research Institute at Victoria University of Wellington was named for Ferrier. It was created on 6 January 2014 to accommodate the group of carbohydrate chemists who left Callaghan Innovation on that date. (Callaghan Innovation was previously Industrial Research Ltd.) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neptunium diarsenide is a binary inorganic compound of neptunium and arsenic with the chemical formula . The compound forms crystals. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are numerous methods that have been designed to accurately measure coupling constant between nuclei. They have been classified into two groups: frequency based methods where separation of peaks centers (splitting) is measured in a frequency domain, and intensity based methods where the coupling is extracted from... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetsuo Nozoe (野副 鉄男, 16 May 1902 – 4 April 1996) was a Japanese organic chemist. He is known for the discovery of hinokitiol, a seven-membered aromatic compound, and studying non-benzenoid aromatic compounds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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