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The main advantages for SRCD over lab-based cCD machines arise from the use of the synchrotron light emission as the source. A number of biologically interesting absorption bands are found in the region between ~170 nm and ~350 nm. For proteins these come from their secondary and tertiary structures, while structural... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In wire and fiber, all crystals tend to have nearly identical orientation in the axial direction, but nearly random radial orientation. The most familiar exceptions to this rule are fiberglass, which has no crystal structure, and carbon fiber, in which the crystalline anisotropy is so great that a good-quality filament... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1994, the IUPAC Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry proposed the following names:
This attempted to resolve the dispute by sharing the namings of the disputed elements between Russians and Americans, replacing the name for 104 with one honoring the Dubna research center, and not naming 106 after Seabor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The principle of Law of Similarity is used extensively for theoretical and experimental fluid machines. With respect to calibration of flowmeters, the Law of Similarity is the foundation for flow measurement standards. To satisfy the Law of Similarity, the central facility concept requires geometric and dynamic similar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unlike other aerial photographic and satellite image interpretation work, these multispectral images do not make it easy to identify directly the feature type by visual inspection. Hence the remote sensing data has to be classified first, followed by processing by various data enhancement techniques so as to help the u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process starts when light is absorbed by two BChl molecules that lie near the periplasmic side of the membrane. This pair of chlorophyll molecules, often called the "special pair", absorbs photons at 870 nm or 960 nm, depending on the species and, thus, is called P870 (for Rhodobacter sphaeroides) or P960 (for Blas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
mTOR signaling intersects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in several aspects, suggesting its potential role as a contributor to disease progression. In general, findings demonstrate mTOR signaling hyperactivity in AD brains. For example, postmortem studies of human AD brain reveal dysregulation in PTEN, Akt, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Internal waves are gravity waves that oscillate within a fluid medium, rather than on its surface. To exist, the fluid must be stratified: the density must change (continuously or discontinuously) with depth/height due to changes, for example, in temperature and/or salinity. If the density changes over a small vertical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two solutions are prepared separately:
* Solution A: 0.02 g of thymol blue, 0.01 g cresol red and 2 mL of ethanol
* Solution B: 0.8 g of sodium bicarbonate, 7.48 g of potassium chloride and 90 mL of water
* Mix Solution A and B and mix 9 mL of the mixed solution to 1000 mL of distilled water.
* This method to determina... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Throughout his career, he rejected offers made to him by foreign laboratories and other parties. After returning to Morocco, Idrissi gained an interest in politics and was an ardent trade unionist and adopted Third-Worldism. He became a community activist and a politician under the banner of the Socialist Union of Popu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An isotope of an element contains the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons, giving it a different mass number than the element found on the periodic table. Isotopes with a large variation in nucleon number will decay into more stable nuclei, and are known as radionuclides or radioisotopes.
The fie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zero-point energy has many observed physical consequences. It is important to note that zero-point energy is not merely an artifact of mathematical formalism that can, for instance, be dropped from a Hamiltonian by redefining the zero of energy, or by arguing that it is a constant and therefore has no effect on Heisenb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In real molecules protons are surrounded by a cloud of charge due to adjacent bonds and atoms. In an applied magnetic field () electrons circulate and produce an induced field () which opposes the applied field. The effective field at the nucleus will be . The nucleus is said to be experiencing a diamagnetic shielding. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At standard temperature and pressure (100 kPa and 273.15 K), we can use Avogadro's law to find the molar volume of an ideal gas: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methemoglobinemia is a disorder where a large fraction of hemoglobin in one's blood has converted to inactive forms, generically called methemoglobin. Since methemoglobin is not an oxygen-carrier, methemoglobinemia is a serious disorder, sometimes fatal. Exposure to nitrobenzene, aniline, and their derivatives cause ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Active esters are mainly used as acylating agents. They undergo the same reactions as their unactivated analogues but do so more rapidly. They are prone to hydrolysis, for example. Of great interest is the enhanced reactivity of active esters toward amines to give amides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis. In P. aeruginosa infections, quorum sensing is critical for biofilm formation and pathogenicity. P. aeruginosa contains two pairs of LuxI/LuxR homologs, LasI/LasR and RhlI, RhlR. LasI and RhlI are synthase enzymes that catalyze the s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Work done on, and work done by, a thermodynamic system need to be distinguished, through consideration of their precise mechanisms. Work done on a thermodynamic system, by devices or systems in the surroundings, is performed by actions such as compression, and includes shaft work, stirring, and rubbing. Such work done ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jerome Vinograd (February 9, 1913 – July 7, 1976) was an American biochemist who developed density gradient ultracentrifugation and analytical band centrifugation, and contributed to the understanding of DNA supercoiling. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rotation of light's plane of polarization may also occur through the Faraday effect which involves a static magnetic field. However, this is a distinct phenomenon that is not classified as "optical activity." Optical activity is reciprocal, i.e. it is the same for opposite directions of wave propagation through an opti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology, quantitation of nucleic acids is commonly performed to determine the average concentrations of DNA or RNA present in a mixture, as well as their purity. Reactions that use nucleic acids often require particular amounts and purity for optimum performance. To date, there are two main approaches used... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pheromone traps are very sensitive, meaning they attract insects present at very low densities. They are often used to detect presence of exotic pests, or for sampling, monitoring, or to determine the first appearance of a pest in an area. They can be used for legal control, and are used to monitor the success of the B... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When in biotic conditions, anaerobic corrosion can be facilitated by the metabolic activity of microorganisms in the surrounding environment. This process is known as microbiologically-influenced corrosion or bacterial anaerobic corrosion. Most notably, the production of dissolved sulfides by sulfate-reducing bacteria ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Increasingly, people use treated or even untreated sewage for irrigation to produce crops. Cities provide lucrative markets for fresh produce, so are attractive to farmers. Because agriculture has to compete for increasingly scarce water resources with industry and municipal users, there is often no alternative for far... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some miRNAs target the messenger RNAs for DNA methyltransferase genes DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, whose gene products are needed for initiating and stabilizing promoter methylations. As summarized in three reviews, miRNAs miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c target DNMT3A and DNMT3B; miR-148a and miR-148b target DNMT3B; and miR... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wood flour is finely pulverized wood that has a consistency fairly equal to sand or sawdust, but can vary considerably, with particles ranging in dimensions from a fine powder to roughly that of a grain of rice. Most wood flour manufacturers are able to create batches of wood flour that have the same consistency throu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During the first two weeks after fertilization, radiation therapy is lethal but not teratogenic. High doses of radiation during pregnancy induce anomalies, impaired growth and intellectual disability, and there may be an increased risk of childhood leukemia and other tumors in the offspring.
In males previously having ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Darcys law was first determined experimentally by Darcy, but has since been derived from the Navier–Stokes equations via homogenization methods. It is analogous to Fouriers law in the field of heat conduction, Ohms law in the field of electrical networks, and Ficks law in diffusion theory.
One application of Darcys law... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.
Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
-Formylkynurenine is an intermediate in the catabolism of tryptophan. It is a formylated derivative of kynurenine. The formation of -formylkynurenine is catalyzed by heme dioxygenases. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subject to various assumptions and corrections, values of apparent porosity can be derived from any neutron log. One can not underestimate the slow down of neutrons by other elements even if they are less effective. Certain effects, such as lithology, clay content, and amount and type of hydrocarbons, can be recognized... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoclusters are atomically precise, crystalline materials most often existing on the 0-2 nanometer scale. They are often considered kinetically stable intermediates that form during the synthesis of comparatively larger materials such as semiconductor and metallic nanocrystals. The majority of research conducted to s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Growth Arrest and DNA Damage or gadd45 genes, including GADD45A (originally termed gadd45) GADD45B (originally termed MyD118), and GADD45G (originally termed CR6), are implicated as stress sensors that modulate the response of mammalian cells to genotoxic/physiological stress, and modulate tumor formation. Gadd45 p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The terms nucleophile and electrophile were introduced by Christopher Kelk Ingold in 1933, replacing the terms anionoid and cationoid proposed earlier by A. J. Lapworth in 1925. The word nucleophile is derived from nucleus and the Greek word φιλος, philos, meaning friend. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the English speaking world, the term "clarke" was not even used in Wells(1937) which introduced Fersmans proposal, nor in later USGS articles such as Fleischer(1953). They used the term "relative abundance of the elements". Brian Mason also mentioned the term "clarke" in Mason(1952)(mistakenly attributing it to Vlad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The leuco dye variant is typically composed of leuco dyes with additional chemicals to add different desired effects. It is the most commonly used type because it is easier to manufacture. They can be designed to react to changes in temperature that range from -15 °C to 60 °C. Most common applications of the ink have ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the first groups of atomists in England was a cadre of amateur scientists known as the Northumberland circle, led by Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (1564–1632). Although they published little of account, they helped to disseminate atomistic ideas among the burgeoning scientific culture of England,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A compressed gas accumulator consists of a cylinder with two chambers that are separated by an elastic diaphragm, a totally enclosed bladder, or a floating piston. One chamber contains the fluid and is connected to the hydraulic line. The other chamber contains an inert gas (typically nitrogen), usually under pressure,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In pharmacology, Schild regression analysis, based upon the Schild equation, both named for Heinz Otto Schild, are tools for studying the effects of agonists and antagonists on the response caused by the receptor or on ligand-receptor binding. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
IVF success rates are the percentage of all IVF procedures that result in favourable outcomes. Depending on the type of calculation used, this outcome may represent the number of confirmed pregnancies, called the pregnancy rate, or the number of live births, called the live birth rate. Due to advances in reproductive t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some nuclei can undergo double beta decay (ββ decay) where the charge of the nucleus changes by two units. Double beta decay is difficult to study, as the process has an extremely long half-life. In nuclei for which both β decay and ββ decay are possible, the rarer ββ decay process is effectively impossible to observe.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plasma osmolarity can be calculated from plasma osmolality by the following equation:
where:
* is the density of the solution in g/ml, which is 1.025 g/ml for blood plasma.
* is the (anhydrous) solute concentration in g/ml – not to be confused with the density of dried plasma
According to IUPAC, osmolality is the quoti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A fibrin scaffold is a network of protein that holds together and supports a variety of living tissues. It is produced naturally by the body after injury, but also can be engineered as a tissue substitute to speed healing. The scaffold consists of naturally occurring biomaterials composed of a cross-linked fibrin netwo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LSAT has a Mohs hardness of 6.5, placing it between quartz and the mineral feldspar. Its relative dielectric constant is ~22 and it has a thermal expansion coefficient of 8~10×10/K. The thermal conductivity of LSAT is 5.1 WmK. LSAT's (cubic) lattice parameter of 3.868 Å makes it compatible for the growth of a wide rang... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Samarium iodide is easily prepared in nearly quantitative yields from samarium metal and either diiodomethane or 1,2-diiodoethane. When prepared in this way, its solutions is most often used without purification of the inorganic reagent.
Solid, solvent-free SmI forms by high temperature decomposition of samarium(III) i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drug checking has been shown to be an effective way to reduce the harm from drug use through informing safer use, limiting use, and helping users avoid the most dangerous substances. The services also provide monitoring and detection of new psychoactive substances to inform public health interventions. The Loop have st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bridged μ-nitrido di-iron phthalocyanine compounds such as iron(II) phthalocyanine catalyze the oxidation of methane to methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid using hydrogen peroxide as sacrificial oxidant. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most materials of interest currently being investigated for photothermal therapy are on the nanoscale. One of the key reasons behind this is the enhanced permeability and retention effect observed with particles in a certain size range (typically 20 - 300 nm). Molecules in this range have been observed to preferentiall... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrophobic concrete has been produced since the mid-20th century.
Active recent research on superhydrophobic materials might eventually lead to more industrial applications.
A simple routine of coating cotton fabric with silica or titania particles by sol-gel technique has been reported, which protects the fabric from... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The immune system uses the lethal effects of oxidants by making the production of oxidizing species a central part of its mechanism of killing pathogens; with activated phagocytes producing both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. These include superoxide , nitric oxide (•NO) and their particularly reactive product, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Liquid fluorocarbons have a very high capacity for holding gas in solution. They can hold more oxygen or carbon dioxide than blood does. For that reason, they have attracted ongoing interest related to the possibility of artificial blood or of liquid breathing.
Blood substitutes are the subject of research because the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, a partial molar property is a quantity which describes the variation of an extensive property of a solution or mixture with changes in the molar composition of the mixture at constant temperature and pressure. It is the partial derivative of the extensive property with respect to the amount (number o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
William Klyne (March 23, 1913, in Enfield, Middlesex – November 13, 1977) was an organic chemist known for his work in steroids and stereochemistry — a field in which he was a "pioneer", and in which Ernest Eliel and Norman Allinger described him as "one of the world's experts".
In 1946, he gained a PhD from the Unive... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Staying dry and wearing proper clothing help to prevent hypothermia. Synthetic and wool fabrics are superior to cotton as they provide better insulation when wet and dry. Some synthetic fabrics, such as polypropylene and polyester, are used in clothing designed to wick perspiration away from the body, such as liner soc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A vortex breaker is a device used in engineering to stop the formation of a vortex when a fluid (liquid or gas) is drained from a vessel such as a tank or vapor–liquid separator. The formation of vortices can entrain vapor in the liquid stream, leading to poor separation in process steps such as distillation or excessi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Redox gradients form in water columns and their sediments. Varying levels of oxygen (oxic, suboxic, hypoxic) within the water column alter redox chemistry and which redox reactions can occur. Development of oxygen minimum zones also contributes to formation of redox gradients.
Benthic sediments exhibit redox gradients ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cylindrospermopsin (abbreviated to CYN, or CYL) is a cyanotoxin produced by a variety of freshwater cyanobacteria. CYN is a polycyclic uracil derivative containing guanidino and sulfate groups. It is also zwitterionic, making it highly water soluble. CYN is toxic to liver and kidney tissue and is thought to inhibit pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Upon identifying the target subunit and its encoding gene, the gene will be isolated and transferred to a second, non-pathogenic organism, and cultured for mass production. The process is also known as heterologous expression.
A suitable expression system is selected based on the requirement of post-translational modif... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2021, Forbes 30 Under 30 on its Energy list
* 2020, MIT Technology Review award for Top Innovator under 35 in Latin America
* 2019, Global Champion at Global Student Entrepreneur Awards
* 2019, named Brightest AI-CI Mind by the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbon tetrachloride was discovered along with chloromethane and chloroform in oceans, marine algae and volcanoes. The natural emissions of carbon tetrachloride are too little compared to those from anthropogenic sources; for example, the Momotombo Volcano in Nicaragua emits carbon tetrachloride at a flux of 82 grams p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
His lectures frequently lasted for three or four hours. His longest known lecture defined the unit of time known as the "Woodward", after which his other lectures were deemed to be so many "milli-Woodwards" long. In many of these, he eschewed the use of slides and drew structures by using multicolored chalk. Typically,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since the late 1990s product analysis via SYBR Green, other double-strand specific dyes, or probe-based melting curve analysis has become nearly ubiquitous. The probe-based technique is sensitive enough to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and can distinguish between homozygous wildtype, heterozygous and hom... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In October 2003, Dr. Daniel Kwok, Dr. Larry Kostiuk and two graduate students from the University of Alberta discussed a method of hydrodynamic to electrical energy conversion by exploiting the natural electrokinetic properties of a liquid such as ordinary tap water, by pumping fluids through tiny micro-channels with a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal spraying techniques are another popular finishing option, and often have better high temperature properties than electroplated coatings due to the thicker coating. The four main thermal spray processes include electric wire arc spray, flame (oxy acetylene combustion) spray, plasma spray and high velocity oxy fu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Concentration-, concentratio, action or an act of coming together at a single place, bringing to a common center, was used in post-classical Latin in 1550 or earlier, similar terms attested in Italian (1589), Spanish (1589), English (1606), French (1632). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Forensic science, also known as criminalistics, is the application of science principles and methods to support legal decision-making in matters of criminal and civil law.
During criminal investigation in particular, it is governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure. It is a broad fiel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All vegetation contains some fluoride, which is absorbed from soil and water. Some plants concentrate fluoride from their environment more than others. All tea leaves contain fluoride; however, mature leaves contain as much as 10 to 20 times the fluoride levels of young leaves from the same plant. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogen-bond catalysis is a type of organocatalysis that relies on use of hydrogen bonding interactions to accelerate and control organic reactions. In biological systems, hydrogen bonding plays a key role in many enzymatic reactions, both in orienting the substrate molecules and lowering barriers to reaction. However... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most popular COF synthesis route is a boron condensation reaction which is a molecular dehydration reaction between boronic acids. In case of COF-1, three boronic acid molecules converge to form a planar six-membered BO (boroxine) ring with the elimination of three water molecules. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the investigation of the infrared spectrum of the Galactic Center of the Milky Way, monoxide vibrations of iron carbonyls in interstellar dust clouds were detected. Iron carbonyl clusters were also observed in Jiange H5 chondrites identified by infrared spectroscopy. Four infrared stretching frequencies were found f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After obtaining his PhD, Kowalski worked briefly for Shell Development. He left Shell in 1971 for Lawrence Livermore Laboratory where he and C. F. Bender worked together to help develop Livermore's proprietary PATTRN data analysis system. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In boardsports (e.g., surfing, skateboarding and snowboarding), one stands erect on a single, lightweight board that slides along the ground or on water. The need for balance causes one to position the body perpendicular to the direction of motion, with one foot leading the other. As with handedness, when this task is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Each instrument used in analytical chemistry has a useful working range. This is the range of concentration (or mass) that can be adequately determined by the instrument, where the instrument provides a useful signal that can be related to the concentration of the analyte.
All instruments have an upper and a lower work... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CCL7 is a multipotent chemokine involved in anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal immune responses. For example, CCL7-mediated stimulation of CCR2 chemokine receptors on monocytes is participating in the elimination of Listeria monocytogenes infections by the recruitment of monocytes and TNF/iNOS-producing dendrit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioactivity databases correlate structures or other chemical information to bioactivity results taken from bioassays in literature, patents, and screening programs. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfuric acid is the most widely used solution to produce an anodized coating. Coatings of moderate thickness 1.8 μm to 25 μm (0.00007" to 0.001") are known as Type II in North America, as named by MIL-A-8625, while coatings thicker than 25 μm (0.001") are known as Type III, hard-coat, hard anodizing, or engineered ano... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For almost 50 years molecular biology was based on two dogmas: (i) equating biological function of the protein with a unique three-dimensional structure and (ii) assuming exquisite specificity in protein complexes. Specificity/selectivity is ensured by unambiguous set of interactions formed between the protein and its ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many cases, different cultures leave their materials as the only records; which anthropologists can use to define the existence of such cultures. The progressive use of more sophisticated materials allows archeologists to characterize and distinguish between peoples. This is partially due to the major material of u... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Special types of tube cleaning are all such types which are partly in experimental stage only and do not come under the process types mentioned before, such as, for example:
* induction of water hammers, so that the layer or deposit comes off through short-term material elongation
* use of vibration generators, partly ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Joseph Needham, the eminent historian of science and technology, divided Chinese alchemy into the "golden age" (400-800) from the end of the Jin to late Tang dynasty and the "silver age" (800-1300) from late Tang to the end of the Song dynasty. Furthermore, Fabrizio Pregadio uses "golden age" in specific reference to t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Various PPGs, often featuring the 2-nitrobenzyl motif, have been used to generate numerous gels. In one example, researchers incorporated PPGs into a silica-based sol-gel. In a second example, a hydrogel was synthesized to include protected Ca ions. Finally, PPGs have been utilized to cross-link numerous photodegradabl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chlorprothixene may increase the plasma-level of concomitantly given lithium. In order to avoid lithium intoxication, lithium plasma levels should be monitored closely.
If chlorprothixene is given concomitantly with opioids, the opioid dose should be reduced (by approx. 50%), because chlorprothixene amplifies the thera... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* An array or slide is a collection of features spatially arranged in a two dimensional grid, arranged in columns and rows.
* Block or subarray: a group of spots, typically made in one print round; several subarrays/ blocks form an array.
* Case/control: an experimental design paradigm especially suited to the two-colo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glass ionomer sealants are thought to prevent caries through a steady fluoride release over a prolonged period and the fissures are more resistant to demineralization, even after the visible loss of sealant material, however, a systemic review found no difference in caries development when GICs was used as a fissure se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Esketamine, sold under the brand names Spravato (for depression) and Ketanest (for anesthesia) among others, is the S(+) enantiomer of ketamine. It is a dissociative hallucinogen drug used as a general anesthetic and as an antidepressant for treatment of depression. Esketamine is the active enantiomer of ketamine in te... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
hnRNP C is a key regulator of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. In response to ionizing radiation, hnRNP C partially localizes to the site of DNA damage, and when depleted, S-phase progression of the cell is impaired. Additionally, BRCA1 and BRCA2 levels fall when hnRNP C is lost. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are crucial tumor-suppressor ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fundamental idea behind spontaneous protein adsorption is that adsorption occurs when more energy is released than gained according to Gibbs law of free energy.
This is seen in the equation:
::</big>
where:
* ∆ is net change of the parameters
* G is Gibbs free energy
* T is the temperature (SI unit: kelvin)
* S is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
3-Methylfentanyl (3-MF, mefentanyl) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl. 3-Methylfentanyl is one of the most potent opioids, estimated to be between 400 and 6000 times stronger than morphine, depending on which isomer is used (with the cis isomers being the more potent ones). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HO masers, a type of astrophysical maser, were the first masers to be discovered in space and have been observed in more environments than any other type of maser.
In the Milky Way, HO masers are found in stellar masers (evolved stars), interstellar masers (regions of massive star formation), or in the interface betwee... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A novel method, Nm-REP-seq, was developed for the transcriptome-wide identification of 2-O-methylation sites at single-base resolution by using RNA exoribonuclease (Mycoplasma genitalium RNase R, MgR) and periodate oxidation reactivity to eliminate 2-hydroxylated (2-OH) nucleosides. Nm-REP-seq discovered telomerase RNA... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), an organic compound that does not occur in nature, was first synthesised in 1899.
In 1897, scientists at the drug and dye firm Bayer began investigating acetylated organic compounds as possible new medicines, following the success of acetanilide ten years earlier. Two years later, Bayer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The essential structural components of all statins are a dihydroxyheptanoic acid unit and a ring system with different substituents. The statin pharmacophore is modified hydroxyglutaric acid component, which is structurally similar to the endogenous substrate HMG CoA and the mevaldyl CoA transition state intermediate (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The axisymmetric stagnation point flow corresponds to . The flow field can be simply described in cylindrical coordinate system with velocity components as follows
where we let . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alloy broadening is a spectral-line broadening mechanism caused by random distribution of the atoms in an alloy.
The alloy broadening is one of the line broadening mechanisms. The random distribution of atoms in an alloy causes a different material composition at different positions. In semiconductors and insulators th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most important gas which leads to acidification is sulfur dioxide. Emissions of nitrogen oxides which are oxidized to form nitric acid are of increasing importance due to stricter controls on emissions of sulfur compounds. 70 Tg(S) per year in the form of SO comes from fossil fuel combustion and industry, 2.8 Tg(S)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A DNA adduct is a segment of DNA that binds to a chemical carcinogen. Some adducts that cause lesions to DNA included oxidatively modified bases, propano-, etheno-, and MDA-induced adducts. 5‐Hydroxymethyluracil is an example of an oxidatively modified base where oxidation of the methyl group of thymine occurs. This a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Stark–Einstein law is named after German-born physicists Johannes Stark and Albert Einstein, who independently formulated the law between 1908 and 1913. It is also known as the photochemical equivalence law or photoequivalence law. In essence it says that every photon that is absorbed will cause a (primary) chemica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Copper goes through a natural oxidation process that forms a unique protective patina on the metal. The surface of the metal undergoes a series of color changes: from iridescent/salmon pinks to oranges and reds interspersed with brassy yellows, blues, greens and purples. As the oxide thickens, these colors are replaced... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Environmental impact is in general hard to validate. To be able to trust the models is very important that the models are transparent and provide multiple levels of verification. The strategy here is to not calculate everything in the simulation model and instead provide results, which can be verified, to calculate the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Of the various methods of labeling biomolecules, fluorescent labels are advantageous in that they are highly sensitive even at low concentration and non-destructive to the target molecule folding and function.
Green fluorescent protein is a naturally occurring fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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