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Vertical stratification including an aerobic surface layer, an anaerobic bottom layer, and a facultative intermediate layer is essential to proper functioning of a facultative lagoon ecosystem. Stratification is maintained by a thermal gradient of cool, dense water at the bottom of the lagoon overlain by warmer, less ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Harry Julian Allen and Alfred J. Eggers of NACA used an insight about ram pressure to propose the blunt-body concept: a large, blunt body entering the atmosphere creates a boundary layer of compressed air which serves as a buffer between the body surface and the compression-heated air. In other words, kinetic energy i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Green sulfur bacteria contain a photosystem that is analogous to PSI in chloroplasts:
P840 → P840 → ferredoxin → NADH
cyt c ← bc ← menaquinol
There are two pathways of electron transfer. In cyclic electron transfer, electrons are removed from an excited chlorophy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In bacteria, the level of cAMP varies depending on the medium used for growth. In particular, cAMP is low when glucose is the carbon source. This occurs through inhibition of the cAMP-producing enzyme, adenylate cyclase, as a side-effect of glucose transport into the cell. The transcription factor cAMP receptor prot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Newton–Raphson method or a different fixed-point iteration can be used to solve FSI problems. Methods based on Newton–Raphson iteration are used in both the monolithic
and the partitioned approach. These methods solve the nonlinear flow equations and the structural equations in the entire fluid and solid domain ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Medicinal Research Reviews is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes reviews on topics related to medicinal research. It is published by Wiley and was established in 1980. The editor-in-chief is Amanda E. Hargrove (Duke University).
The journal publishes critical reviews of topics include pathophys... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Related to the Fermi energy, a few useful quantities also occur often in modern literature.
The Fermi temperature is defined as , where is the Boltzmann constant. The Fermi temperature can be thought of as the temperature at which thermal effects are comparable to quantum effects associated with Fermi statistics. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was first consciously applied to modern physics by Frederick Soddy when he, along with Ernest Rutherford in 1901, discovered that radioactive thorium was converting itself into radium. At the moment of realization, Soddy later recalled, he shouted out: "Rutherford, this is transmutation!" Rutherford snapped back, "F... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are Lewis bases.
Nucleophilic describes the affinity of a nucleophile to bon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All shock waves, that each by itself would have had an angle between 33° and 72°, are compressed into a narrow band of wake with angles between 15° and 19°, with the strongest constructive interference at the outer edge (angle arcsin(1/3) = 19.47°), placing the two arms of the V in the celebrated Kelvin wake pattern.
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Isothermal transformation diagrams (also known as time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams) are plots of temperature versus time (usually on a logarithmic scale). They are generated from percentage transformation-vs time measurements, and are useful for understanding the transformations of an alloy steel at elev... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zara joined the Business Evaluation Department in the Corporate Planning Unit of Petronas in December 1995 and was part of the team responsible for the successful establishment of the Kertih and Kuantan integrated petrochemical complexes, whose foreign partners included BP, BASF, Dow Chemicals and Mitsubishi.
She then ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins. In this process, particular exons of a gene may be included within or excluded from the final, processed messenger RNA (mRNA) pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Iodine heptafluoride (IF) with 7 bonding groups
* Rhenium heptafluoride (ReF)
* Peroxo chromium(IV) complexes, e.g. [Cr(O)(NH)] where the peroxo groups occupy four of the planar positions.
* and | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The wire-cut type of machine arose in the 1960s for making tools (dies) from hardened steel. The tool electrode in wire EDM is simply a wire. To avoid the erosion of the wire causing it to break, the wire is wound between two spools so that the active part of the wire is constantly changing. The earliest numerical cont... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following is an overview of each cycle in the optical sequencing process.
Step 1: DNA barcoding<br />
Cells are lysed to release genomic DNA. These DNA molecules are untangled, placed onto optical mapping surface containing microfluidic channels and the DNA is allowed to flow through the channels. These molecules... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Liquid–liquid transitions were originally considered by Rapoport in 1967 in order to explain high pressure melting curve maxima of some liquid metals. Rapoport's theory requires the existence of a melting curve maximum in polyamorphic systems. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MGI evolved from a project funded by the National Center for Human Genome Research in 1989 to combine the databases of several Jackson Laboratory scientists and create a tool for visualizing data on the mouse genome. The result of that project, led by Joseph H. Nadeau, Larry E. Mobraaten, and Janan T. Eppig, was called... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Binary (involving one other metal) and ternary (involving two other metals) intermetallic stannides have been investigated. Niobium stannide, NbSn is perhaps the best known superconducting tin intermetallics. This is more commonly called "niobium-tin". | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1960s, South Korea faced a significant shortage of agricultural land, prompting plans for large reclamation projects, including the construction of closure dams. These projects were carried out between 1975 and 1995, incorporating the expertise and experience from the Netherlands. Over time, attitudes towards cl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Biological transmutation
*Chemistry
*Historicism
*Nuclear transmutation
*Obsolete scientific theories
*Physics
*Scientific method
*Synthesis of noble metals | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fas ligand or FasL is a type II transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF). It is homotrimeric, which means it consists of three identical polypeptides. It has a long cytoplasmic domain, a stalk region, a transmembrane domain (TM), a TNF homology domain (THD) responsible for the ho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neck cracks are readily observed during inspection, but body and shoulder cracks are more difficult to detect. Neck thread cracks can be non-destructively tested using eddy-current crack-detection equipment. This is reported to be reliable for alloy 6351, but false positives have been reported for tests on alloy 6061. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mikael Bols (born July 28, 1961) is a synthetic organic chemist who is mainly known for his work on carbohydrates and artificial enzymes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Xenon trioxide is an unstable compound of xenon in its +6 oxidation state. It is a very powerful oxidizing agent, and liberates oxygen from water slowly, accelerated by exposure to sunlight. It is dangerously explosive upon contact with organic materials. When it detonates, it releases xenon and oxygen gas. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reanalysis of a large number of various most typical ambident organic system reveals that thermodynamic/kinetic control describes reactivity of organic compounds perfectly, whereas the HSAB principle fails and should be abandoned in the rationalization of ambident reactivity of organic compounds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grotthuss was born in 1785 in Leipzig, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire, during an extended stay of his parents away from their home in northern Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He showed interest in natural sciences and went to study first in Leipzig and later in Paris at the École Polytechnique. Several renowned scie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At Eli Lilly in the 1960s, Schmiegel and Bryan Molloy, with the help of David Wong, searched for a compound to combat depression. Because depression and similar psychiatric disorders are associated with reduced serotonin levels, they focused their approach on prohibiting serotonin reuptake. During a regular nerve signa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protein adsorption can also occur as a direct result of heating a mixture. Protein adsorption in milk processing is often used as a model for this type of adsorption in other situations. Milk is composed mainly of water, with less than 20% of suspended solids or dissolved proteins. Proteins make up only 3.6% of milk in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Survivin is known to be highly expressed in most tumour cell types and absent in normal cells, making it a good target for cancer therapy. The exploitation of survivin's over-active promoter in most cancer cell types allows for the delivery of therapeutics only in cancer cells and removed from normal cells.
Small inter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The IIR is a bilingual organization that works in both English and French and operates thanks to:
* the activities of its international network comprising over 300 Commission members
* its benefactor, corporate and private members
* the annual contributions from its 59 member countries. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jenny Zhenqi Zhang is a Chinese-Australian chemist and BBSRC David Phillips Research Fellow of the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, where she is also a Fellow of Corpus Christi College (2019-present). She was awarded the 2020 RSC Felix Franks Biotechnology Medal for her research into re-wiring photosyn... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A simple cubic unit cell, with stacks of atoms arranged as if at the eight corners of a cube would form a single cubic hole or void in the center. If these voids are occupied by ions of opposite charge from the parent lattice, the cesium chloride structure is formed. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biosynthesis of coelenterazine in Metridia starts from two molecules of tyrosine and one molecule of phenylalanine, and some researchers believe this comes in the form of a cyclized "Phe-Tyr-Tyr" (FYY) peptide.
Many members of the genus Metridia also produce luciferases that use this compound, some of which are secrete... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Basaltic magma is the most abundant in iron, magnesium, and calcium but the lowest in silica, potassium, and sodium. The composition of silica within basaltic magma ranges from 45-55 weight percent (wt.%), or mass fraction of a species. It forms in temperatures ranging from approximately 1830 °F to 2200 °F. Basaltic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reaction of calcium carbide with water, producing acetylene and calcium hydroxide, was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler in 1862.
:CaC(s) + 2HO(l) → CH(g) + Ca(OH)(aq)
This reaction was the basis of the industrial manufacture of acetylene, and is the major industrial use of calcium carbide.
Today acetylene is mainly m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Q cycle (named for quinol) describes a series of reactions that describe how the sequential oxidation and reduction of the lipophilic electron carrier Coenzyme Q (CoQ) between the ubiquinol and ubiquinone forms, can result in the net movement of protons across a lipid bilayer (in the case of the mitochondria, the i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2005 Beckman Young Investigators Award
*2006 O’Donnell Award from the Academy of Medicine, Engineering and Science of Texas
*2008 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship
*2010 John H. Dillon Medal from the American Physical Society
*2011 Appointed to the Global Young Academy
*2012 Owens Corning Early Career Award
*2013... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are a class of drugs which block the neuraminidase enzyme. They are a commonly used antiviral drug type against influenza. Viral neuraminidases are essential for influenza reproduction, facilitating viral budding from the host cell. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), laninamivir... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Derepression of translation increases protein production without altering the levels of mRNA in the cell. miRNAs are a common mechanism of translation repression, binding to the mRNA through complementary base pairing to silence them. Certain RNA binding proteins have been shown to target untranslated regions of the mR... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chromatin remodeling provides fine-tuning at crucial cell growth and division steps, like cell-cycle progression, DNA repair and chromosome segregation, and therefore exerts tumor-suppressor function. Mutations in such chromatin remodelers and deregulated covalent histone modifications potentially favor self-sufficienc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The triple-alpha process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) are transformed into carbon. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After Moseleys death in 1915, the atomic numbers of all known elements from hydrogen to uranium (Z = 92) were examined by his method. There were seven elements (with Z < 92) which were not found and therefore identified as still undiscovered, corresponding to atomic numbers 43, 61, 72, 75, 85, 87 and 91. From 1918 to 1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In macromolecular chemistry, a catenane () is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture consisting of two or more interlocked macrocycles, i.e. a molecule containing two or more intertwined rings. The interlocked rings cannot be separated without breaking the covalent bonds of the macrocycles. They are conceptu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several databases exist for restriction sites and enzymes, of which the largest noncommercial database is REBASE. Recently, it has been shown that statistically significant nullomers (i.e. short absent motifs which are highly expected to exist) in virus genomes are restriction sites indicating that viruses have probabl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The function of neurons depends upon cell polarity. The distinctive structure of nerve cells allows action potentials to travel directionally (from dendrites to cell body down the axon), and for these signals to then be received and carried on by post-synaptic neurons or received by effector cells. Nerve cells have lon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using plants and plant substances to treat all kinds of diseases and medical conditions is believed to date back to prehistoric medicine.
The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus, the oldest known medical text of any kind, dates to about 1800 BC and represents the first documented use of any kind of drug. It and other medical ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organic matter is common throughout the ecosystem and is cycled through decomposition processes by soil microbial communities that are crucial for nutrient availability. After degrading and reacting, it can move into soil and mainstream water via waterflow. Organic matter provides nutrition to living organisms. Organic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, (with units of m/kg or m/g). Alternatively, it may be defined as SA per solid or bulk volume (units of m/m or m).
It is a physical value that can be used to determine the type and properties of a mate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Permeable interlocking concrete pavements are concrete units with open, permeable spaces between the units. They give an architectural appearance, and can bear both light and heavy traffic, particularly interlocking concrete pavers, excepting high-volume or high-speed roads. Some products are polymer-coated and have an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Boric acid was first registered in the US as an insecticide in 1948 for control of cockroaches, termites, fire ants, fleas, silverfish, and many other insects. The product is generally considered to be safe to use in household kitchens to control cockroaches and ants. It acts as a stomach poison affecting the insects ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cosmetic industry claims that the UV filter acts as an "artificial melanin". But those artificial substances used in sunscreens do not efficiently dissipate the energy of the UV photon as heat. Instead these substances have a very long excited state lifetime. In fact, the substances used in sunscreens are often use... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For an isolated spherical solid particle of diameter in its own liquid, the Gibbs–Thomson equation for the structural melting point depression can be written:
where:
* T = bulk melting temperature
* σ = solid–liquid interface energy (per unit area)
* H = bulk enthalpy of fusion (per gram of material)
* ρ = density of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the methods above are designed to reduce PD formation, another approach aims to minimize signal generated from PDs in quantitative PCR. This approach is useful as long as there are few PDs formed and their inhibitory effect on product accumulation is minor.
Four steps PCR: used when working with nonspecific dyes,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a scalar value between zero and one that describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. A value of zero means that diffusion is isotropic, i.e. it is unrestricted (or equally restricted) in all directions. A value of one means that diffusion occurs only along one axis and is fu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The exposition begins with a virial expansion of the excess Gibbs free energy
W is the mass of the water in kilograms, b, b ... are the molalities of the ions and I is the ionic strength. The first term, f(I) represents the Debye–Hückel limiting law. The quantities λ(I) represent the short-range interactions in the pre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*RPL5
*RPL8
*RPL9
*RPL10A
*RPL11
*RPL14
*RPL25
*RPL26L1
*RPL27
*RPL30
*RPL32
*RPL34
*RPL35
*RPL35A
*RPL36AL
*RPS5
*RPS6
*RPS6KA3
*RPS6KB1
*RPS6KB2
*RPS13
RPS19BP1
*RPS20
*RPS23
*RPS24
*RPS27 transcribed with ubiquitin (see FAU (gene))
*RPN1 Ribophorin anchors the ribosome to rough endoplasmic reticulum | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In systems theory, a system is said to be transient or in a transient state when a process variable or variables have been changed and the system has not yet reached a steady state. In electrical engineering, the time taken for an electronic circuit to change from one steady state to another steady state is called the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The oxidative aminations of olefins are generally conducted with amides or imides; amines are thought to be protonated by the acidic medium or to bind the metal center too tightly to allow for the catalytic chemistry to occur. These nitrogen nucleophiles are found to be competent in both intermolecular and intramolecul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cryptic binding sites are the binding sites that are transiently formed in an apo form or that are induced by ligand binding. Considering the cryptic binding sites increases the size of the potentially “druggable” human proteome from ~40% to ~78% of disease-associated proteins. The binding sites have been investigated ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In regards to rhythmicity of the clock in a free running setting PRR9 and PRR5 are associated with longer and shorter periods respectively. For each gene, the double mutant with PRR7 exacerbates observed trends in rhythmicity. The triple mutant renders the plant arrhythmic. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Siddiqui migrated to Pakistan in 1951, four years after the emergence of Pakistan in 1947, after being offered and appointed as "science advisor" to the government by Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan. He was appointed as Director of the Pakistan Department of Research that was reformulated in 1953 as Pakistan Council of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synthetic approaches to CYN started with the piperidine ring (A), and progressed to annulation of rings B and C. The first total synthesis of CYN was reported in 2000 through a 20-step process.
Improvements to synthetic methods led to a revision of the stereochemistry of CYN in 2001. A synthetic process controlling eac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The next generation of SNP annotation webservers can take advantage of the growing amount of data in core bioinformatics resources and use intelligent agents to fetch data from different sources as needed. From a user’s point of view, it is more efficient to submit a set of SNPs and receive results in a single step, wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The total synthesis of taxol is called one of the most hotly contested of the 1990s with around 30 competing research groups by 1992. The number of research groups actually having reported a total synthesis currently stands at 11 with the Holton group (article first accepted for publication) and the Nicolaou group (ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brinelling is the permanent indentation of a hard surface. It is named after the Brinell scale of hardness, in which a small ball is pushed against a hard surface at a preset level of force, and the depth and diameter of the mark indicates the Brinell hardness of the surface. Brinelling is permanent plastic deformatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The glassworts are various succulent, annual halophytic plants, that is, plants that thrive in saline environments, such as seacoasts and salt marshes. The original English glasswort plants belong to the genus Salicornia, but today the glassworts include halophyte plants from several genera, some of which are native to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Papaver somniferum × Papaver bracteatum, also known as Sagan's poppy is a hybrid between the opium poppy and the Iranian poppy.
This hybrid, true poppy is diploid with 18 chromosomes and exhibits strongly reduced fitness relative to parents, possibly due to unpaired chromosomes since the Iranian and opium poppies do no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A cryophorus is a glass container containing liquid water and water vapor. It is used in physics courses to demonstrate rapid freezing by evaporation. A typical cryophorus has a bulb at one end connected to a tube of the same material. When the liquid water is manipulated into the bulbed end and the other end is submer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diphosphenes can bind to transition metal either in a η mode by donating a lone pair on phosphorus, or in a η behavior via a interaction. If the bulky groups are aryl- groups, arene-coordinated products of η-type coordination are also possible. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diaconescu received a Sloan Fellowship in 2009, and received the Humboldt Foundation's Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award in 2014. In 2015, she was named a Guggenheim Fellow, and Diaconescu was named a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2019. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Extensive studies involving the phosphaethynolate anion have shown that it can react in a variety of ways. It has documented use in cycloadditions, as a phosphorus transfer agent, a synthetic building block and as pseudo halide ligands (as described above). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyrosequencing is a method of DNA sequencing (determining the order of nucleotides in DNA) based on the "sequencing by synthesis" principle, in which the sequencing is performed by detecting the nucleotide incorporated by a DNA polymerase. Pyrosequencing relies on light detection based on a chain reaction when pyrophos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Norvaline is a non-proteinogenic unbranched-chain amino acid. It has previously been reported to be a natural component of an antifungal peptide of Bacillus subtilis. Norvaline and other modified unbranched chain amino acids have received attention because they appear to be incorporated in some recombinant proteins fou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is a relatively energetically poor process used by many Gram-negative bacteria found within the Thermodesulfobacteriota, Gram-positive organisms relating to Desulfotomaculum or the archaeon Archaeoglobus. Hydrogen sulfide () is produced as a metabolic end product. For sulfate reduction e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of action of the bisphosphonates (BPs) has evolved as new generations of drugs have been developed. The function of the first generation bisphosphonates differs from the more recent nitrogen containing BPs but both are apparently internalised by endocytosis of a membrane-bound vesicle where the drug is mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Previously, many science works used Mass Spectrometry (MS) in different fragmentation modes to detect AMPylated peptides. In responses to the distinctive fragmentation techniques, AMPylated protein sequences disintegrated at different parts of AMP. While electron transfer dissociation (ETD) creates minimum fragments an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methods for taking physical measurements of capillary pressure in a microchannel have not been thoroughly studied, despite the need for accurate pressure measurements in microfluidics. The primary issue with measuring the pressure in microfluidic devices is that the volume of fluid is too small to be used in standard p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solid-state ionics is the study of ionic-electronic mixed conductor and fully ionic conductors (solid electrolytes) and their uses. Some materials that fall into this category include inorganic crystalline and polycrystalline solids, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and composites. Solid-state ionic devices, such as solid ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With the coming of the deadly Spanish flu pandemic in 1918, aspirin—by whatever name—secured a reputation as one of the most powerful and effective drugs in the pharmacopeia of the time. Its fever-reducing properties gave many sick patients enough strength to fight through the infection, and aspirin companies large and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary amine on the aminoallyl nucleotide reacts with amino-reactive dyes such as a cyanine and patented dyes which contain a reactive leaving group, such as a succinimidyl ester (NHS).The amine groups directly attached to the ring of the base are not affected. These nucleotides are used for labeling DNA. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This modification involves the addition of a methyl group to the 2 hydroxyl (-OH) group of the ribose sugar of RNA molecules. In contrast with the mA modification, it is the ribose sugar, a part of the backbone rather than the base that is altered. It is present in various kinds of cellular RNA, providing coding and st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The technological features of FSL Kode constructs and the koding process can be summarized as follows:
* Rapid and simple – simple contact for 10–120 minutes and constructs spontaneously and stably incorporate – no washing required.
* Replicable – same variables (time, temperature, concentration) equals the same result... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The "digital revolution" of the 21st century has brought newer technology to the art and science of tracheal intubation. Several manufacturers have developed video laryngoscopes which employ digital technology such as the CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) to generate a view of the glottis so that the trachea may be intuba... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aquasomes with calcium phosphate ceramic cores may be useful for the pharmaceutical administration of substrates such as insulin where drug action is conformationally specific. In a 2000 study by Cherian et al., disaccharides such as trehalose were used to coat the core before insulin was loaded onto the coated cores v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetramethylguanidine is an organic compound with the formula HNC(N(CH)). This colourless liquid is a strong base, as judged by the high pK of it conjugate acid.
It was originally prepared from tetramethylthiourea via S-methylation and amination, but alternative methods start from cyanogen iodide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transport properties such as diffusivity describe how rapidly molecules move through the polymer matrix. These are very important in many applications of polymers for films and membranes.
The movement of individual macromolecules occurs by a process called reptation in which each chain molecule is constrained by entang... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Plants can sense being touched, and they can use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. Many plants pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silicon carbide is used in the manufacturing of fishing guides because of its durability and wear resistance. Silicon Carbide rings are fit into a guide frame, typically made from stainless steel or titanium which keep the line from touching the rod blank. The rings provide a low friction surface which improves casti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bamboos and the related rice have an improved C3 efficiency. This improvement might be due to its ability to recapture CO produced during photorespiration, a behavior termed "carbon refixation". These plants achieve refixation by growing chloroplast extensions called "stromules" around the stroma in mesophyll cells, so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SCCmec, or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. This genetic sequence includes the mecA gene coding for resistance to the antibiotic methicillin and is the only known way for Staphylococcus strains to spread the gene in the wild by horizontal gene tran... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The chirality of a molecule that has a helical, propeller, or screw-shaped geometry is called helicity or helical chirality. The screw axis or the D, or C principle symmetry axis is considered to be the axis of chirality. Some sources consider helical chirality to be a type of axial chirality, and some do not. IUPAC do... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the terms subsonic and supersonic, in the purest sense, refer to speeds below and above the local speed of sound respectively, aerodynamicists often use the same terms to talk about particular ranges of Mach values. This occurs because of the presence of a transonic regime around flight (free stream) M = 1 where ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bauxite ore is a mixture of hydrated aluminium oxides and compounds of other elements such as iron. The aluminium compounds in the bauxite may be present as gibbsite (Al(OH)), böhmite (γ-AlO(OH)) or diaspore (α-AlO(OH)); the different forms of the aluminium component and the impurities dictate the extraction conditions... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Initially devised by Mikhail Shneider and Richard Miles at Princeton University, coherent microwave scattering has become a valuable technique in applications ranging from photoionization and electron-loss rate measurements to trace species detection, gaseous mixture and reaction characterization, molecular spectroscop... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a technique in molecular biology for the typing of multiple loci, using DNA sequences of internal fragments of multiple housekeeping genes to characterize isolates of microbial species.
The first MLST scheme to be developed was for Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metals typically are strong, dense, and good conductors of both electricity and heat.
The bulk of the elements in the periodic table, those to the left of a diagonal line drawn from boron to polonium, are metals.
Mixtures of two or more elements in which the major component is a metal are known as alloys.
People have ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An adparticle is an atom, molecule, or cluster of atoms or molecules that lies on a crystal surface. The term is used in surface chemistry. The word is a contraction of "adsorbed particle". An adparticle that is a single atom may be referred to as an "adatom". | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
V. G. Khlopin’s work in this area concerns gas, volumetric, gravimetric and colorimetric analysis.
Gas analysis. V. G. Khlopin developed instruments for rapid assessment of the amount of helium and neon in gas mixtures (V. G. Khlopin, E. K. Gerling, 1932). These devices have simplified the analysis of noble gases so mu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are many types of defects which result from many different causes. Some of the solutions to certain defects can be the cause for another type of defect.
The following defects can occur in sand castings. Most of these also occur in other casting processes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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