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Like mitochondria, chloroplasts are usually inherited from a single parent. Biparental chloroplast inheritance—where plastid genes are inherited from both parent plants—occurs in very low levels in some flowering plants.
Many mechanisms prevent biparental chloroplast DNA inheritance, including selective destruction of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The systematic name of this enzyme class is ubiquinol:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hurst retired to Poole, Dorset, in 1976, where he did voluntary work with the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. He died in 1996 following his third heart attack. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CCPs can be a valuable resource of genetic material. They can be used to preserve valuable genetic diversity for future use, or as base for new breeding programs. Promising plants can be selected and multiplied, generating new varieties. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The effect is caused by extremely localised fluctuations in surface pressure and humidity, which cause the initial shock wave to distort momentarily and refocus on itself, leading to a double shock wave, each of markedly reduced effect. This has distinct utility in the employment of air delivered ordnance close to key... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA as well as RNA are normally visualized by staining with ethidium bromide, which intercalates into the major grooves of the DNA and fluoresces under UV light. The intercalation depends on the concentration of DNA and thus, a band with high intensity will indicate a higher amount of DNA compared to a band of less int... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The TGF-β pathway regulates many cellular processes in developing embryo and adult organisms, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and homeostasis. There are five kinds of type II receptors and seven types of type I receptors in humans and other mammals. These receptors are known as "dual-specificity kina... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Andrée Marquet (born 1934), is a French chemist specializing in organic chemistry and chemical biology, professor emeritus at the Pierre and Marie Curie University and correspondent at the French Academy of sciences since 1993. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Xenon-135 (Xe) is an unstable isotope of xenon with a half-life of about 9.2 hours. Xe is a fission product of uranium and it is the most powerful known neutron-absorbing nuclear poison (2 million barns; up to 3 million barns under reactor conditions), with a significant effect on nuclear reactor operation. The ultimat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Firearms seem to have been known in Japan around 1270 as proto-cannons invented in China, which the Japanese called teppō (鉄砲 lit. "iron cannon"). Gunpowder weaponry exchange between China and Japan was slow and only a small number of hand guns ever reached Japan. However Japanese samurai used Fire lances in 15th-centu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dennis Frederick Evans (7 March 1928 – 6 November 1990) was an English chemist who made important contributions to nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetochemistry and other aspects of chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The name scintillon was first used to describe cytoplasmic particles isolated from a bioluminescent species of dinoflagellate that were able to produce a flash of light in response to a decrease in pH. Scintillons were first observed in L. polyedra by fluorescence microscopy, where they appear as small blue dots close ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 1984 Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
* 1985 Guggenheim Fellowship
* 1986 Honorary Fulbright Fellow
* 1987 American Chemical Society Garvan–Olin Medal
* 1990 Anachem Award
* 1990 Honorary member of Iota Sigma Pi
* 1992 Jacob F. Schoellkopf Medal
* 1996 American Chemical Socie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cerium is a rare-earth element (lanthanide) characterized by two different redox states: III and IV. Contrary to other lanthanide elements, which are only trivalent (with the notable exception of Eu), Ce can be oxidized by atmospheric oxygen (O) to Ce under alkaline conditions.
The cerium anomaly relates to the decreas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first open-path detector offered for routine industrial use, as distinct from research instruments built in small numbers, was the Wright and Wright Pathwatch in the US, 1983. Acquired by Det-Tronics (Detector Electronics Corporation) in 1992, the detector operated in the 3.4 μm region with a powerful incandescent ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics. Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.
Most radioactive sources produce gamma r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A crystallographic database is a database specifically designed to store information about the structure of molecules and crystals. Crystals are solids having, in all three dimensions of space, a regularly repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules. They are characterized by symmetry, morphology, and directiona... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concatemerization process generates libraries of concatamers for the ELPs. Concatamers are oligomeric products of ligating a single gene with itself. This will result in repeat segments of a gene, all of which can be transcribed and translated immediately to produce the ELP of interest. A major problem with this ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paenibacterin is a mixture of antimicrobial lipopeptides isolated from Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus. It contains three isomeric compounds which differ by the fatty acid side chain. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Qubit fluorometer method is to use fluorescent dyes to determine the concentration of either nucleic acids or proteins in a sample. Specialized fluorescent dyes bind specifically to the substances of interest. A spectrophotometer is used in this method to measure the natural absorbance of light at 260 nm (for DNA a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a genetic engineering technique that allows for precise editing of the genome. One application of CRISPR is gene knockout, which involves disabling or "knocking out" a specific gene in an organism.
The process of gene knockout with CRISPR involves th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The FSHR consists of 695 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 76 kDa. Like other GPCRs, the FSH-receptor possesses seven membrane-spanning domains or transmembrane helices.
* The extracellular domain of the receptor contains 11 leucine-rich repeats and is glycosylated. It has two subdomains, a hormone-binding... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The terms glycans and polysaccharides are defined by IUPAC as synonyms meaning "compounds consisting of a large number of monosaccharides linked glycosidically". However, in practice the term glycan may also be used to refer to the carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate, such as a glycoprotein, glycolipid, or a prote... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cyclopentadienyl complex is a coordination complex of a metal and cyclopentadienyl groups (, abbreviated as Cp). Cyclopentadienyl ligands almost invariably bind to metals as a pentahapto (η-) bonding mode. The metal–cyclopentadienyl interaction is typically drawn as a single line from the metal center to the center ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Viral genes and host genes that are required for viruses to replicate or enter the cell, or that play an important role in the life cycle of the virus are often targeted by antiviral therapies. RNAi has been used to target genes in several viral diseases, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis. In... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, β-lactam antibiotic in the aminopenicillin family used to treat susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better-absorbed, following oral administration, than other β-lactam antibiotics.
In general, Str... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Noting that digitisers and related electronics technology had significantly progressed since the inception of FTMW spectroscopy, B.H. Pate at the University of Virginia designed a spectrometer which retains many advantages of the Balle-Flygare FT-MW spectrometer while innovating in (i) the use of a high speed (>4 GS/s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The welding of metals differs from soldering and brazing in that the joint is made without adding a lower-melting-point material (e.g. solder); instead, the pipe or tubing material is partially melted, and the fitting and piping are directly fused. This generally requires piping and fitting to be the same (or compatibl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cefuroxime axetil is an ester prodrug of cefuroxime which is effective when taken by mouth. It is a second-generation cephalosporin. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Silicon carbide exists in about 250 crystalline forms. Through inert atmospheric pyrolysis of preceramic polymers, silicon carbide in a glassy amorphous form is also produced. The polymorphism of SiC is characterized by a large family of similar crystalline structures called polytypes. They are variations of the same c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate is obtained in the reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate and nitrous acid (from sodium nitrite and acetic acid) in 87% yield.
Because of the rapid hydrolysis of the ester, the reaction should be carried out at pH 4.5, in buffered phosphoric acid the product can even be obtained in virtually quan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are many valence isomers one can draw for the CH formula benzene. Some were originally proposed for benzene itself before the actual structure of benzene was known. Others were later synthesized in lab. Some have been observed to isomerize to benzene, whereas others tend to undergo other reactions instead, or iso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After graduating, Smolková-Keulemansová joined the Faculty of Sciences at Charles University and focused on analytical chemistry. In the early 1950s, she built a team focused on modern analytical separation methods such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and electromigration. At this same tim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A mannose sugar is added to the first tryptophan residue in the sequence W–X–X–W (W indicates tryptophan; X is any amino acid). A C-C bond is formed between the first carbon of the alpha-mannose and the second carbon of the tryptophan. However, not all the sequences that have this pattern are mannosyl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synchronous coefficient of drag alteration (SCODA) is a biotechnology method for purifying, separating and/or concentrating bio-molecules. SCODA has the ability to separate molecules whose mobility (or drag) can be altered in sync with a driving field. This technique has been primarily used for concentrating and purify... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Motor proteins are the driving force behind most active transport of proteins and vesicles in the cytoplasm. Kinesins and cytoplasmic dyneins play essential roles in intracellular transport such as axonal transport and in the formation of the spindle apparatus and the separation of the chromosomes during mitosis and me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a halocarbon with the formula CHCl, commonly used as an industrial degreasing solvent. It is a clear, colourless, non-flammable, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like pleasant mild smell and sweet taste. Its IUPAC name is trichloroethene. Trichloroethylene has been sold under a variety of tr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bachrach has written a textbook about computational organic chemistry, the second edition of which was published by John Wiley and Sons in 2014. Bachrach maintains a blog to provide supplementary materials for the textbook. For example, following the publication of the structure of the dication of hexamethylbenzene, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The global annual production of thiourea is around 10,000 tonnes. About 40% is produced in Germany, another 40% in China, and 20% in Japan. Thiourea can be produced from ammonium thiocyanate, but more commonly it is manufactured by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with calcium cyanamide in the presence of carbon dioxid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
is a natural trace radioisotope produced by cosmic ray spallation of atmospheric argon as well as by reaction of protons with natural oxygen: O + p → F + n. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TPVs can provide continuous power to off-grid homes. Traditional PVs do not provide power during winter months and nighttime, while TPVs can utilize alternative fuels to augment solar-only production.
The greatest advantage for TPV generators is cogeneration of heat and power. In cold climates, it can function as both ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pseudoephedrine may be quantified in blood, plasma, or urine to monitor any possible performance-enhancing use by athletes, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning, or to assist in a medicolegal death investigation. Some commercial immunoassay screening tests directed at the amphetamines cross-react appreciably with pseudoeph... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The carbonate pump, sometimes called the carbonate counter pump, starts with marine organisms at the ocean's surface producing particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) in the form of calcium carbonate (calcite or aragonite, CaCO). This CaCO is what forms hard body parts like shells. The formation of these shells increases a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In complexation catalysis, the term dynamic binding refers to any stabilizing interaction that is stronger at the transition state level than in the reactant-catalyst complex.
Being directly related to transition state stabilization, dynamic binding is the very hearth of complexation catalysis. It was defined by A.J. K... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
First, the model tries to predict where an atom would land on a surface and its rate at particular environmental conditions, such as temperature and vapor pressure. In order to land on a surface, atoms have to overcome the so-called activation energy barrier. The frequency of passing through the activation barrier can ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1890, , a 28-year-old assistant in Berlin, published instructions for folding a piece of paper to represent two forms of cyclohexane he called symmetrical and asymmetrical (what we would now call chair and boat). He clearly understood that these forms had two positions for the hydrogen atoms (again, to use modern te... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many naval vessels have undergone retrofitting and refitting, sometimes entire classes at once. For instance, the New Threat Upgrade program of the US Navy saw many vessels retrofitted for improved anti-air capability. Naval vessels are often retrofit for one of three reasons: to incorporate new technology, to compensa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2003, the Ministry for the Environment and the New Zealand Water & Wastes Association produced the document Guidelines for the safe application of biosolids to land in New Zealand. In the document, biosolids were defined as "sewage sludges or sewage sludges mixed with other materials that have been treated and/or st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several well-known drugs and toxins that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. Although any one of these toxins inhibits only one enzyme in the electron transport chain, inhibition of any step in this process will halt the rest of the process. For example, if oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase, protons cannot pass... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Earth's oceans contain a large amount of in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate ions—much more than the amount in the atmosphere. The bicarbonate is produced in reactions between rock, water, and carbon dioxide. One example is the dissolution of calcium carbonate:
Reactions like this tend to buffer changes in at... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
F is a positron emitter with a half-life of 109 minutes. It is produced in medical cyclotrons, usually from oxygen-18, and then chemically attached to a pharmaceutical formulation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chain propagation (sometimes referred to as propagation) is a process in which a reactive intermediate is continuously regenerated during the course of a chemical chain reaction. For example, in the chlorination of methane, there is a two-step propagation cycle involving as chain carriers a chlorine atom and a methyl r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proteorhodopsin (also known as pRhodopsin) is a family of transmembrane proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light-mediated functionality, in this case, a proton pump. pRhodopsin is found in marine planktonic bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes (protae), but was first discovered in bacteria.
Its name is derived ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Going from the bottom to the top of the table the metals:
* increase in reactivity;
* lose electrons (oxidize) more readily to form positive ions;
* corrode or tarnish more readily;
* require more energy (and different methods) to be isolated from their compounds;
* become stronger reducing agents (electron donors). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From a hydraulic perspective, vertical closures are preferable due to their reduced turbulence and consequent minimisation of soil erosion issues. However, their implementation is more complex. For parts of the dam submerged underwater, stone dumpers (either bottom or side dumpers) can be employed. Yet, this becomes im... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An organism's demand for oxygen is dependent on its metabolic rate. Metabolic rates can be affected by external factors such as the temperature of the water, and internal factors such as the species, life stage, size, and activity level of the organism. The body temperature of ectotherms (such as fishes and invertebrat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sleeping pills, including eszopiclone, have been associated with an increased risk of death.
Hypersensitivity to eszopiclone is a contraindication to its use. The presence of liver impairment, lactation and activities requiring mental alertness (e.g., driving) may be considered when determining frequency and dosage.
* ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Presently known "super" states of matter are superconductors, superfluid liquids and gases, and supersolids. Egor Babaev predicted that if hydrogen and deuterium have liquid metallic states, they might have quantum ordered states that cannot be classified as superconducting or superfluid in the usual sense. Instead, th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reactions with neutrons are important in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. While the best-known neutron reactions are neutron scattering, neutron capture, and nuclear fission, for some light nuclei (especially odd-odd nuclei) the most probable reaction with a thermal neutron is a transfer reaction:
Some reactions a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The last formula in the Colebrook equation section of this article is for free surface flow. The approximations elsewhere in this article are not applicable for this type of flow. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Everhardus Ariëns grew up as the sixth of ten children in Wijk bij Duurstede. After a temporary boarding school experience, in 1935 he was admitted to Wageningen, the general university. Then he took a degree in chemistry at the University of Utrecht in which he completed in 1942, although his preference was actually t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reactive transport modeling requires input from numerous fields, including hydrology, geochemistry and biogeochemistry, microbiology, soil physics, and fluid dynamics. The numerical formulation and solution of reactive transport problems can be especially difficult due to errors arising in the coupling process, beyond ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrophilic additions of allylsilanes generally occur via an anti S2 process. Allylsilanes react through a conformation in which the smallest substituent on the carbon attached to silicon is essentially eclipsing the double bond. The silyl moiety forces electrophilic attack on the face opposite the silyl group for st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Defined by a cycle of transfers into and out of a system, a cyclic process is described by the quantities transferred in the several stages of the cycle. The descriptions of the staged states of the system may be of little or even no interest. A cycle is a sequence of a small number of thermodynamic processes that ind... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PA is a vital cell lipid that acts as a biosynthetic precursor for the formation (directly or indirectly) of all acylglycerol lipids in the cell.
In mammalian and yeast cells, two different pathways are known for the de novo synthesis of PA, the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway or the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway. In... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If the solvent is a gas, only gases (non-condensable) or vapors (condensable) are dissolved under a given set of conditions. An example of a gaseous solution is air (oxygen and other gases dissolved in nitrogen). Since interactions between gaseous molecules play almost no role, non-condensable gases form rather trivial... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After the expression of the gene product, it may be necessary to purify the expressed protein; however, separating the protein of interest from the great majority of proteins of the host cell can be a protracted process. To make this purification process easier, a purification tag may be added to the cloned gene. This ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While magnetometers can be used to help map basin shape at a regional scale, they are more commonly used to map hazards to coal mining, such as basaltic intrusions (dykes, sills, and volcanic plug) that destroy resources and are dangerous to longwall mining equipment. Magnetometers can also locate zones ignited by ligh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Site-directed mutagenesis is used to mutate specific bases (and thus amino acids). This is critical to investigate the function of specific amino acids in a protein, e.g. in the active site of an enzyme. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the internal energy is a convex function of entropy and volume, the stability condition requires that the second derivative of internal energy with entropy or volume to be positive. It is commonly expressed as . Since the maximum principle of entropy is equivalent to minimum principle of internal energy, the combine... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For abrasions and wounds, nanochemistry has demonstrated applications in improving the healing process. Electrospinning is a polymerization method used biologically in tissue engineering but can also be used for wound dressing and drug delivery. This produces nanofibers that encourage cell proliferation, antibacterial ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteria biooxidation is an oxidation process caused by microbes where the valuable metal remains (but becomes enriched) in the solid phase. In this process, the metal remains in the solid phase and the liquid can be discarded.
Bacterial oxidation is a biohydrometallurgical process developed for pre-cyanidation treatm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A number of independent studies examine the efficacy of the DrugWipe, particularly for its lack of sensitivity for detecting Cannabis (delta-9-thc) which the Australian National Health Survey 2009 listed as the most frequently used illicit drug at 10.4% with 36% smoking at least once a week or more in 2016. Independent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chelate complexes of gadolinium are often used as contrast agents in MRI scans, although iron particle and manganese chelate complexes have also been explored. Bifunctional chelate complexes of zirconium, gallium, fluorine, copper, yttrium, bromine, or iodine are often used for conjugation to monoclonal antibodies for ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Columnar structures have also been studied intensively in the context of nanotubes. Their physical or chemical properties can be altered by trapping identical particles inside them. These are usually done by self-assembling fullerenes such as C60, C70, or C78 into carbon nanotubes, but also boron nitride nanotubes
Such... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was not until after the observations of certain molecular phenomena that stereochemical principles were developed. In 1815, Jean-Baptiste Biots observation of optical activity marked the beginning of organic stereochemistry history. He observed that organic molecules were able to rotate the plane of polarized light ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All igneous magmas contain dissolved gases (water, carbonic acid, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, fluorine, boric acid, etc.). Of these water is the principal, and was formerly believed to have percolated downwards from the Earth's surface to the heated rocks below, but is now generally admitted to be an integral part of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1960s, a light driven proton pump was discovered in Halobacterium salinarum, and called Bacteriorhodopsin. Over the following years, there were various studies of the membrane of H. salinarum to determine the mechanism of these light-driven proton pumps.
In 1988, another Manabu Yoshidas group at Osaka University... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wetting theory: Wetting is the oldest and most prevalent theory of adhesion. The adhesive components in a liquid solution anchor themselves in irregularities on the substrate and eventually harden, providing sites on which to adhere. Surface tension effects restrict the movement of the adhesive along the surface of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Primordial fluctuations, density variations in the early universe, are quantified by a power spectrum which gives the power of the variations as a function of spatial scale. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Globally, seagrass has been declining rapidly. It is estimated that 21% of the 71 known seagrass species have decreasing population trends and 11% of those species have been designated as threatened on the ICUN Red List. Hypoxia that leads to eutrophication caused form ocean deoxygenation is one of the main underlying ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Using structural BMPs that can be placed underground and are design to withstand site specific soil, groundwater and traffic loading conditions provide valuable savings in land area compared to conventional volume-based stormwater treatment practices such as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biofilm processes in general require less space than activated sludge systems because the biomass is more concentrated, and the efficiency of the system is less dependent on the final sludge separation.
MBBR systems do not need a recycling of the sludge, which is the case with activated sludge systems.
The MBBR system ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Admission to the School of Chemistry's research programs is competitive. Generally, admission to the School of Chemistry Honours program requires a SCIWAM of at least 65 or equivalent. Each faculty member is limited to 2.5 full-time equivalent (FTE) Honours students to ensure adequate supervision where co-supervised pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While lipolysis is triglyceride hydrolysis (the process by which triglycerides are broken down), esterification is the process by which triglycerides are formed. Esterification and lipolysis are, in essence, reversals of one another. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Influenza Antiviral Drug Search was a distributed computing project that was running on the BOINC platform. It is a project of the University of Texas Medical Branch. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolutions have been reported. A prime example using PSL effectively resolves racemic acyloins in the presence of triethylamine and vinyl acetate as the acylating agent. As shown below, the product was isolated in 75% yield and 97% ee. Without the presence of the base, regular kin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A standard black oxide is magnetite (FeO), which is more mechanically stable on the surface and provides better corrosion protection than red oxide (rust) FeO. Modern industrial approaches to forming black oxide include the hot and mid-temperature processes described below. Traditional methods are described in the ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the detection of soluble caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18, K18-Asp396, formerly cytokeratin 18, ccCK18 or CK18-Asp396). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A living organism is a thermodynamic system of an active type (in which energy transformations occur), striving for a stable nonequilibrium thermodynamic state. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic state in plants is achieved by continuous alternation of phases of solar energy consumption as a result of photosynthesis and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The more assumptions that are made, the more uncertain estimates of risk related to pathogens will be. However, even with considerable uncertainty, QMRAs are a good way to compare different risk scenarios. In a study comparing estimated health risks from exposures to recreational waters impacted by human and non-huma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Choline is an essential nutrient. The cholines are a family of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Choline is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. Healthy humans fed artificially composed diets that are deficient ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://www.adigosstemcells.com/regenerative-medicines.php Regenerative Medicine], gives more details about Regenerative Stem Cells.
* Kevin Strange and Viravuth Yin, "A Shot at Regeneration: A once abandoned drug compound shows an ability to rebuild organs damaged by illness and injury", Scientific American, vol. 32... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Denitrification is a microbially facilitated process where nitrate (NO) is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen (N) through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products. Facultative anaerobic bacteria perform denitrification as a type of respiration that reduces oxidized forms of nitrogen in r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oceanographers generally study particles that measure 0.2 micrometres and larger, which means a lot of nanoscale particles are not examined, particularly with respect to formation mechanisms. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sequanium was the proposed name for a new element that Romanian physicist Horia Hulubei reported he had discovered in 1939. The name derived from the Latin word Sequana for the river Seine running through Paris where Hulubei worked at that time.
Hulubei thought he had discovered element 93 in a tantalite sample from th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a column published in Images Magazine, Ted Ellis calls on the younger generations of black artists to recognize the hardship faced by and the effort put in by the previous generation of black artists in order to pave the way for the newer generation to be able to succeed, and to do so with far less difficulty.
He sa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alpine lakes located in the Central Pyrenees region of northeast Spain are unaffected by anthropogenic factors making these oligotrophic lakes ideal indicators for sediment input and environmental change. Dissolved organic matter and nutrients from dust transport can aid bacteria with growth and production in low nutri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In magnetohydrodynamics, the magnetic Reynolds number (R) is a dimensionless quantity that estimates the relative effects of advection or induction of a magnetic field by the motion of a conducting medium to the magnetic diffusion. It is the magnetic analogue of the Reynolds number in fluid mechanics and is typically d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The modern era of CCC began with the development of the planetary centrifuge by Dr. Yoichiro Ito which was first introduced in 1966 as a closed helical tube which was rotated on a "planetary" axis as is turned on a "sun" axis. A flow-through model was subsequently developed and the new technique was called countercurre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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