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Rotor ships use mast-like cylinders, called Flettner rotors, for propulsion. These are mounted vertically on the ships deck. When the wind blows from the side, the Magnus effect creates a forward thrust. Thus, as with any sailing ship, a rotor ship can only move forwards when there is a wind blowing. The effect is also... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He made his debut for Kerry in the 2014 Munster Senior Football Championship semi-final against Clare and scored two points. He lined out in a first Munster Senior Football Championship when they faced Cork, he scored a point in a 0-24 to 0-12 win and a first Munster title. He missed out on Kerry's win over Galway in t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Raman spectroelectrochemistry is based on the inelastic scattering or Raman scattering of monochromatic light when strikes on a specific molecule, providing information about vibrational energy of that molecule. Raman spectrum provides highly specific information about the structure and composition of the molecules suc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metals are predominantly accumulated in the roots causing an unbalanced shoot to root ratio of metal concentrations in most plants. However, in hyperaccumulators, the shoot to root ratio of metal concentrations are abnormally higher in the leaves and much lower in the roots. As this process occurs, metals are efficient... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dipole moment has an important role in orienting proteins to the proper directions and enhancing their abilities to bind to other molecules. The dipole moment of cytochrome c results from a cluster of negatively charged amino acid side chains at the "back" of the enzyme. Despite variations in the number of bound he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Fermi decays () are often referred to as the "superallowed" decays while Gamow–Teller () decays are simple "allowed" decays.
Forbidden decays are those which are substantially more improbable, due to parity violation, and as a result have long decay times.
Now the angular momentum (L) of the systems can be non-zer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Colloidal nanocrystals are a new class of optical materials that essentially constitute a new form of matter that can be considered as "artificial atoms." Like atoms, they have discrete optical energy spectra that are tunable over a wide range of wavelengths. The desired behavior and transmission directly correlates to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prior to 1882, the South Island of New Zealand had been experimenting with sowing grass and crossbreeding sheep, which immediately gave their farmers economic potential in the exportation of meat. In 1882, the first successful shipment of sheep carcasses was sent from Port Chalmers in Dunedin, New Zealand, to London. B... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A wallpaper remains on the whole unchanged under certain isometries, starting with certain translations that confer on the wallpaper a repetitive nature. One of the reasons to be unchanged under certain translations is that it covers the whole plane. No mathematical object in our minds is stuck onto a motionless wall! ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The biodiesel produced from the processing of microalgae differs from other forms of biodiesel in the content of polyunsaturated fats. Polyunsaturated fats are known for their ability to retain fluidity at lower temperatures. While this may seem like an advantage in production during the colder temperatures of the wint... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biosynthesis of FeMoco is a complicated process that requires several Nif gene products, specifically those of nifS, nifQ, nifB, nifE, nifN, nifV, nifH, nifD, and nifK (expressed as the proteins NifS, NifU, etc.). FeMoco assembly is proposed to be initiated by NifS and NifU which mobilize Fe and sulfide into small Fe-S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GADV-protein world is a hypothetical stage of abiogenesis. GADV stands for the one letter codes of four amino acids, namely, glycine (G), alanine (A), aspartic acid (D) and valine (V), the main components of GADV proteins. In the GADV-protein world hypothesis, it is argued that the prebiotic chemistry before the emerge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
APCI generally suffers less ion suppression than ESI, as discussed previously. Where possible, if ion suppression is unavoidable it may be advisable to switch from ESI to APCI. If this is not possible, it may be useful to switch the ESI ionisation mode from positive to negative. Since fewer compounds are ionisable in n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquid-liquid extractions in the laboratory usually make use of a separatory funnel, where two immiscible phases are combined to separate a solute from one phase into the other, according to the relative solubility in each of the phases. Typically, this will be to extract organic compounds out of an aqueous phase and i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
(Also see Geometry section above for a discussion of the B-B bonding environment.)
Abstraction of halogens with two equivalents of sodium [[Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate|tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate]] gives the dication with both boron atoms within the porphyrin plane. Two reversible ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Mesodinium nuclear code (translation table 29) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the ciliates Mesodinium and Myrionecta. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Found in rennet, chymosin is the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of κ-casein to produce para-κ-casein and glycomacropeptide, which is the first step in formation of cheese, and subsequently curd, and whey. It was the first genetically engineered food additive used commercially. Traditionally, processors obtained chym... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mean free path of a molecule in a gas is the average distance between its collision with other molecules. This is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas, given constant temperature. In air at STP the mean free path of molecules is about 96 nm. Since electrons are much smaller, their average distance betw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nested polymerase chain reaction involves two sets of primers, used in two successive runs of polymerase chain reaction, the second set intended to amplify a secondary target within the first run product. This allows amplification for a low number of runs in the first round, limiting non-specific products. The second n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SedDB was developed to complement current geological data systems (PetDB, EarthChem, NavDat and Georoc) with an integrated and easily accessible compilation of geochemical data of marine and continental sediments to be utilized for sedimentological, geochemical, petrological, oceanographic, and paleoclimate research, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The convection-diffusion equation is a particular example of conservation equation. A conservation equation has the general form:
Where j is the current density term associated to the variable of interest .
In a convection-diffusion equation, the current density of the quantity is the sum of two terms:
* The first, , ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to Etymology Online, the verb assay means "to try, endeavor, strive, test the quality of"; from Anglo-French assaier, from assai (noun), from Old French essai, "trial". Thus the noun assay means "trial, test of quality, test of character" (from mid-14th century), from Anglo-French assai; and its meaning "anal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
5,6-Dichloro-1-β--ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) is a chemical compound that inhibits transcription elongation by RNA Polymerase II. Sensitivity to DRB is dependent on DRB sensitivity inducing factor (DSIF), negative elongation factor (NELF), and positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). DRB is a nucleos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
M. Nosonovsky and B. Bhushan studied the effect of unitary (non-hierarchical) structures of micro and nano roughness, and hierarchical structures (micro roughness covered with nano roughness). They found that hierarchical structure was not only necessary for a high contact angle but essential for the stability of the w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyrimidine nucleosides include cytidine, uridine, and thymidine. The synthesis of any pyrimidine nucleotide begins with the formation of uridine. This reaction requires aspartate, glutamine, bicarbonate, and 2 ATP molecules (to provide energy), as well as PRPP which provides ribose-monophosphate. Unlike in purine synt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A single, consensus definition of a soliton is difficult to find. ascribe three properties to solitons:
# They are of permanent form;
# They are localized within a region;
# They can interact with other solitons, and emerge from the collision unchanged, except for a phase shift.
More formal definitions exist, but they... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With certain polar substituents, hydrogen bonding can occur in the allylic system between the substituents. Rather than the strain that would normally occur in the close group proximity, the hydrogen bond stabilizes the conformation and makes it energetically much more favorable. This scenario occurs when the allylic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Strep-tag system offers a selective tool to purify proteins under physiological conditions. The proteins obtained are bioactive and display a very high purity (above 95%). Also, the Strep-tag system can be used for protein detection in various assays. Depending on the experimental circumstances, Strep-tag antibodie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Gilmore G, Hemingway J. Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester: 1995, .
*Knoll G, Radiation Detection and Measurement. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY:2000, .
*Nucleonica Wiki. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120226211611/http://www.nucleonica.net/wiki/index.php/Help:Gamma_Spectrum_Generator Gamma S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
LEXO is the original version of the upgraded BURNOUT temperature regulating tumbler brand from manufacturer ThermAvant International, LLC, based in Columbia, Missouri. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The prostaglandin E (PGE) receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that bind and are activated by prostaglandin E. They are members of the prostaglandin receptors class of receptors and include the following Protein isoforms:
* Prostaglandin E receptor 1 (EP) -
* Prostaglandin E receptor 2 (EP) -
* Prostaglandin E r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He was born in East Dereham in Norfolk, the son of the Francis Wollaston (1737–1815), a noted amateur astronomer, and his wife Althea Hyde. He was one of 17 children, but the family was financially well-off and he enjoyed an intellectually stimulating environment. He was educated privately (and remotely) at Charterhous... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1860, Edward Frankland was the first to report the preparation and isolation of a boronic acid. Ethylboronic acid was synthesized by a two-stage process. First, diethylzinc and triethyl borate reacted to produce triethylborane. This compound then oxidized in air to form ethylboronic acid. Several synthetic routes ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In intramolecular organic reactions, two reaction sites are contained within a single molecule. This configuration elevates the effective concentration of the reacting partners resulting in high reaction rates. Many intramolecular reactions are observed where the intermolecular version does not take place.
Intramolecu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The jiggle pump consists of a chamber, in line with the end of the pipe that sits in the liquid to be moved. The chamber is somewhat wider than the pipe, and narrows to approximately the pipe diameter at both ends. One end attaches to the pipe, the other end is open to the liquid. Within the chamber is a sphere, denser... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cavendishs electrical and chemical experiments, like those on heat, had begun while he lived with his father in a laboratory in their London house. Lord Charles Cavendish died in 1783, leaving almost all of his very substantial estate to Henry. Like his theory of heat, Cavendishs comprehensive theory of electricity was... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This pattern follows from the dispersion relation of deep water waves, which is often written as,
where
: = the strength of the gravity field
: is the angular frequency in radians per second
: = angular wavenumber in radians per metre
"Deep" means that the depth is greater than half of the wavelength.
This formula ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The genomic distribution of SNPs is not homogenous; SNPs occur in non-coding regions more frequently than in coding regions or, in general, where natural selection is acting and "fixing" the allele (eliminating other variants) of the SNP that constitutes the most favorable genetic adaptation. Other factors, like geneti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An E1 reaction consists of a unimolecular elimination, where the rate determining step of the mechanism depends on the removal of a single molecular species. This is a two-step mechanism. The more stable the carbocation intermediate is, the faster the reaction will proceed, favoring the products. Stabilization of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Green derived his shoaling law for water waves by use of what is now known as the Liouville–Green method, applicable to gradual variations in depth and width along the path of wave propagation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene is an organic compound with the formula CH(NMe) (Me = methyl). It is classified as a peri-naphthalene, i.e. a 1,8-disubstituted derivative of naphthalene. Owing to its unusual structure, it exhibits exceptional basicity. It is often referred by the trade name Proton Sponge, a trademark... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The antiviral drug ritonavir exists as two polymorphs, which differ greatly in efficacy. Such issues were solved by reformulating the medicine into gelcaps and tablets, rather than the original capsules. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Society awards the AAG Gold Medal to recognize a lifetime's achievement in or outstanding contribution to applied geochemistry. It also offers an annual student paper prize to reward student contributors of outstanding papers on geochemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From the Greek αγωνιστής (agōnistēs), contestant; champion; rival < αγων (agōn), contest, combat; exertion, struggle < αγω (agō), I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In particular to building materials, moisture sorption has significant implications for cements, woods, insulation materials, and fibers. Moisture damage is a significant factor limiting a buildings lifespan. As well, moisture infusion through a buildings outer structure can have a significant effect on indoor air qu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A volumetric pipette, bulb pipette, or belly pipette allows extremely accurate measurement (to four significant figures) of the volume of a solution. It is calibrated to deliver accurately a fixed volume of liquid.
These pipettes have a large bulb with a long narrow portion above with a single graduation mark as it is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon Catabolite Repression—Negative On TATA-less, or CCR4-Not, is a multiprotein complex that functions in gene expression. The complex has multiple enzymatic activities as both a poly(A) 3′-5′ exonuclease and a ubiquitin ligase. The exonuclease activity of CCR4-Not shortens the poly(A) tail found at 3' end of almost... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), also known as ribosomal natural products, are a diverse class of natural products of ribosomal origin. Consisting of more than 20 sub-classes, RiPPs are produced by a variety of organisms, including prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea, and the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The vapor-compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators as well as in many large commercial and industrial refrigeration systems. Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of the components of a typical vapor-compression refrigeration system.
The thermodynamics of the cycle can be analyzed on a diagram as shown... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pipe expansion joints are necessary in systems that convey high temperature substances such as steam or exhaust gases, or to absorb movement and vibration. A typical joint is a bellows of metal (most commonly stainless steel), plastic (such as PTFE), fabric (such as glass fibre) or an elastomer such as rubber.
A bello... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rhamnolipids have long been reported to have antimicrobial properties. They have been shown to have activity against a range of bacteria including Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 µg/mL to 32 µg/mL. Act... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ADP cycling supplies the energy needed to do work in a biological system, the thermodynamic process of transferring energy from one source to another. There are two types of energy: potential energy and kinetic energy. Potential energy can be thought of as stored energy, or usable energy that is available to do work. K... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In cell culture, a monolayer refers to a layer of cells in which no cell is growing on top of another, but all are growing side by side and often touching each other on the same growth surface. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Receptors are proteins that bind small ligands. The dissociation constant K is used as indicator of the affinity of the ligand to the receptor. The higher the affinity of the ligand for the receptor the lower the K value (and the higher the pK value). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Building on the reactivity of the triphenylphosphine ligand, the structure of ligands used for the Tsuji–Trost reaction quickly became more complex. Today, these ligands may contain phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen or some combination of these elements, but most studies have concentrated on the mono- and diphosphine ligand... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphonium iodide is prepared by mixing diphosphorus tetraiodide () with elemental phosphorus and water at 80 °C and allowing the salt to sublime. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most widely used numerical laser diffraction results are:
* The median volume-weighted diameter, or D. Derived from the cumulative curve, it represents the particle diameter separating the upper 50 % of the data from the lower 50 %.
* The D and D values, also derived from the cumulative curve.
* The mean volume-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*450 masters-level engineering students
*200 internships in France and abroad
*100 professors, assistant professors and CNRS researchers (permanent staff)
*180 graduate students | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The layer in which the shearing viscous forces are significant, is called the boundary layer. This boundary layer is a hypothetical concept. It divides the flow in pipe into two regions:
# Boundary layer region: The region in which viscous effects and the velocity changes are significant.
# The irrotational (core) flow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The use of P,N ligands in asymmetric hydrogenation can be traced to the C symmetric bisoxazoline ligand. However, these symmetric ligands were soon superseded by monooxazoline ligands whose lack of C symmetry has in no way limits their efficacy in asymmetric catalysis. Such ligands generally consist of an achiral nit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Five common thermodynamic potentials are:
where = temperature, = entropy, = pressure, = volume. is the number of particles of type in the system and is the chemical potential for an -type particle. The set of all are also included as natural variables but may be ignored when no chemical reactions are occurring ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aquatic biomonitoring is an important tool for assessing aquatic life forms and their habitats. It can reveal the overall health and status of the ecosystem, detect environmental trends and the impacts of different stressors, and can be used to evaluate the effect that various human activities have on the overall healt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Axe-monies (Spanish: Tajaderos) refer to bronze artifacts found in both western Mesoamerica and the northern Andes. Based on ethnohistorical, archaeological, chemical, and metallurgical analyses, the scholars Hosler, Lechtman and Holm have argued for their use in both regions (which are separated by thousands of miles)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many experiments are continuing in the production of metallic hydrogen in laboratory conditions at static compression and low temperature. Arthur Ruoff and Chandrabhas Narayana from Cornell University in 1998, and later Paul Loubeyre and René LeToullec from Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, France in 2002, have shown ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Variations of the steroid 21-hydroxylase can be found in all vertebrates.
Cyp21 first emerged in chordates before the speciation between basal chordates and vertebrates. The sea lamprey, an early jawless fish species that originated over 500 million years ago, provides valuable insights into the evolution and emergence... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Veterans are presented with awards and are thanked for their service on formalities such as ceremonies which are plentiful and widely covered in the Iranian media, particularly on two annual national occasions, namely Disabled Veterans' Day in May and Sacred Defence Week (Sept. 20–27), which commemorates the commenceme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Potassium is the only optically pumped magnetometer that operates on a single, narrow electron spin resonance (ESR) line in contrast to other alkali vapour magnetometers that use irregular, composite and wide spectral lines and helium with the inherently wide spectral line. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The behavior of quantum dots (QDs) in solution and their interaction with other surfaces is of great importance to biological and industrial applications, such as optical displays, animal tagging, anti-counterfeiting dyes and paints, chemical sensing, and fluorescent tagging. However, unmodified quantum dots tend to be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ferredoxins (from Latin ferrum: iron + redox, often abbreviated "fd") are iron–sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. The term "ferredoxin" was coined by D.C. Wharton of the DuPont Co. and applied to the "iron protein" first purified in 1962 by Mortenson, Valentine, and Carnah... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During photosynthesis, natural electron acceptor NADP is reduced to NADPH in chloroplasts. The following equilibrium reaction takes place.
A reduction reaction that stores energy as NADPH:
: (Reduction)
An oxidation reaction as NADPH's energy is used elsewhere:
: (Oxidation)
Ferredoxin, also known as an NADP+ reductase... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paxlovid is a covalent inhibitor of the 3CLpro (Mpro) enzyme. It is in [https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizers-novel-covid-19-oral-antiviral-treatment-candidate Phase III] trials for the early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who have not progressed to severe COVID-19 disease, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reaction mechanism for complex III (cytochrome bc1, coenzyme Q: cytochrome C oxidoreductase) is known as the ubiquinone ("Q") cycle. In this cycle four protons get released into the positive "P" side (inter membrane space), but only two protons get taken up from the negative "N" side (matrix). As a result, a proton... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In terms of the imaginary system, it is a general term for various types of remote sensor systems that acquire remote sensing images of objects without photography. Scanning is usually used for imaging, tape recording or indirect recording on film. According to the structure of the system, the scanning method and the d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Great Calcite Belt (GCB) refers to a region of the ocean where there are high concentrations of calcite, a mineral form of calcium carbonate. The belt extends over a large area of the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. The calcite in the Great Calcite Belt is formed by tiny marine organisms called coccolithopho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stephen O'Brien (born 27 February 1991) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for the Kenmare Shamrocks club and at senior level for the Kerry county team since 2014. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sweet crude oil has lower sulphur content - lower than 0.5%. It can be refined into kerosene, high-quality diesel, and gasoline. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NMR spectroscopy is a technique that has been used over the years to study important dynamic aspects of base flipping. This technique allows researchers to determine the physical and chemical properties of atoms and other molecules by utilizing the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. In addition, NMR can provide a v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ouabain is no longer approved for use in the USA. In France and Germany, however, intravenous ouabain has a long history in the treatment of heart failure, and some continue to advocate its use intravenously and orally in angina pectoris and myocardial infarction despite its poor and variable absorption. The positive p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bioconductor project curates a variety of R packages aimed at integrating omic data:
*[http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/omicade4.html omicade4], for multiple co-inertia analysis of multi omic datasets
*[http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/MultiAssayExperiment.html MultiAssayExperime... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In comparison to cationic cyclizations, radical cyclizations avoid issues associated with Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements, do not require strongly acidic conditions, and can be kinetically controlled. Cationic cyclizations are usually thermodynamically controlled. Radical cyclizations are much faster than analogous anio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When calculating thermal expansion it is necessary to consider whether the body is free to expand or is constrained. If the body is free to expand, the expansion or strain resulting from an increase in temperature can be simply calculated by using the applicable coefficient of thermal expansion.
If the body is constrai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fecal sludge management (FSM) requires safe and hygienic septic tank and pit latrine emptying services, along with the effective treatment of solids and liquids and the reuse of treated produce where possible. It may include a range of options including on-site and offsite treatment, and the dispersal or capture and fu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This branch of spectroscopy deals with radiation related to atoms that are stripped of several electrons (multiply ionized atoms (MIA), multiply charged ions, highly charged ions). These are observed in very hot plasmas (laboratory or astrophysical) or in accelerator experiments (beam-foil, electron beam ion trap (EBIT... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 2nd millennium BC text Vedas describe a connection between eternal life and gold. A considerable knowledge of metallurgy has been exhibited in a third-century AD text called Arthashastra which provides ingredients of explosives (Agniyoga) and salts extracted from fertile soils and plant remains (Yavakshara) such as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Time-domain diffuse optical sources must have the following characteristics; emission wavelength in the optical window i.e. between 650 and 1350 nanometre (nm); a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), ideally a delta function; high repetition rate (>20 MHz) and finally, sufficient laser power (>1 mW) to achieve go... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following have received a medal:
*2022: Michael Tarbutt, for pioneering experimental and theoretical work on the production of ultracold molecules by laser cooling, and the applications of those molecules to quantum science and tests of fundamental physics.
*2021: Carla Faria, for distinguished contributions to the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the great importance of many types of CIA spectra in planetary and astrophysical research, a well known spectroscopy database (HITRAN) has been expanded to include a number of CIA spectra in various frequency bands and for a variety of temperatures. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although there may not be a precise elucidation of pancratistatin biological synthesis, there have been speculations on biosynthesis of narciclasine and lycoricidine that are very similar to pancratistatin in terms of structure. The biosynthesis is accomplished via synthesis from O-methylnorbelladine by para-para pheno... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol. Animal trials showed very good inhibitory e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the most important components of DSSC is the counter electrode. As stated before, the counter electrode is responsible for collecting electrons from the external circuit and introducing them back into the electrolyte to catalyze the reduction reaction of the redox shuttle, generally I to I. Thus, it is important... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A CHN analyzer (also known as a carbon hydrogen and nitrogen analyzer) is a scientific instrument which is used to measure carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen elemental concentrations in a given sample with accuracy and precision. Sample sizes are most often just a few milligrams, but may differ depending on system. For some... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charles Thomas Beer (18 November 1915 – 15 June 2010) was a Canadian organic chemist who helped in the discovery of vinblastine.
Born in Leigh, Dorset, England, he received a D.Phil. in chemistry from Oxford in 1948. He came to North America in the early 1950s to the department of medical research at the Univers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike gases or liquids, solid materials tend to keep their shape when undergoing thermal expansion.
Thermal expansion generally decreases with increasing bond energy, which also has an effect on the melting point of solids, so high melting point materials are more likely to have lower thermal expansion. In general, li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After time is allowed for binding with the oligonucleotide probes, the hope is that some of the proteins on the membrane filter have bound to the probes. Any probe that was not able to bind a protein needs to be removed. Once unbound probe removal has been taken care of, to better visualize the membrane filter, it is s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pipelines can help ensure a country's economic well-being and as such present a likely target of terrorists or wartime adversaries.
Fossil fuels can be transported by pipeline, rail, truck or ship, though natural gas requires compression or liquefaction to make vehicle transport economical. For transport of crude oil v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Based on the manual curation done, BioCyc database family is divided into 3 tiers:
Tier 1: Databases which have received at least one year of literature based manual curation. Currently there are seven databases in Tier 1. Out of the seven, MetaCyc is a major database that contains almost 2500 metabolic pathways from m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When interatom bonding does not have strong directional preferences, it is not unusual for atoms to gravitate toward a kissing number of 12 nearest neighbors. The three most symmetric ways to do this are by icosahedral clustering, by crystalline face-centered-cubic (cuboctahedral) and hexagonal (tri-orthobicupolar) clo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a splice site mutation occurs in intron 2 of the gene that produces the parathyroid hormone, a parathyroid deficiency can prevail. In one particular study, a G to C substitution in the splice site of intron 2 produces a skipping effect in the messenger RNA transcript. The exon that is skipped possesses the initiat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By the time of the American Civil War, as telegraph traffic increased, the Grove cell's tendency to discharge poisonous nitrogen dioxide (NO) fumes proved increasingly hazardous to health, and as telegraphs became more complex, the need for constant voltage became critical. The Grove cell was limited in this respect, b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An individual signal transduction pathway can regulate several proteins (e.g. kinases) as well as the activation of many genes. The consequences to the properties of the cell can be, therefore, very prominent. Identifying these properties (through theoretical predictions and experimentation) sheds light on the function... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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