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The glycosyl donor is protected at C-2 by OAll group. The allyl group is then isomerized to a prop-1-enyl ether using a rhodium hydride generated from Wilkinsons catalyst ((PPh)RhCl) and butyllithium (BuLi). The resulting enol ether is then treated with NIS and the glycosyl acceptor to generate a mixed acetal. The 1,2-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The basic principle of the phenol-chloroform extraction is that DNA and RNA are relatively insoluble in phenol and chloroform, while other cellular components are relatively soluble in these solvents. The addition of a phenol/chloroform mixture will dissolve protein and lipid contaminants, leaving the nucleic acids in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In September 2020, the European Medicines Agency recommended that the use of trabectedin in treating ovarian cancer remain unchanged. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Work on aequorin began with E. Newton Harvey in 1921. Though Harvey was unable to demonstrate a classical luciferase-luciferin reaction, he showed that water could produce light from dried photocytes and that light could be produced even in the absence of oxygen. Later, Osamu Shimomura began work into the bioluminescen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium hydrogen selenite is an inorganic chemical consisting of a ratio of one hydrogen, one sodium, three oxygen, and one selenium atom.
It is the sodium salt of the conjugate base of selenous acid. This compound finds therapeutic application for providing the essential trace element selenium. Its preparation involves... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Powder defoamers are in principle oil-based defoamers on a particulate carrier like silica. These are added to powdered products like cement, plaster and detergents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port. The volute of a centrifugal pump is the casing that receives the fluid being pumped by the impeller, maintaining the velocity of the fluid through to the diffuser. As liquid exits the impeller it has high kinetic energy and the v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The product, delivered to the point of consumption, is called potable water if it meets the water quality standards required for human consumption.
The water in the supply network is maintained at positive pressure to ensure that water reaches all parts of the network, that a sufficient flow is available at every take-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In another setting, the chambers are connected side by side horizontally (Zigmond chamber) or as concentric rings on a slide (Dunn chamber) Concentration gradient develops on a narrow connecting bridge between the chambers and the number of migrating cells is also counted on the surface of the bridge by light microscop... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry is located in Jena, Germany. It was created in 1997, and moved into new buildings 2002. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most well-known example of a coarctate transition state is that of the epoxidation of an olefin by dimethyldioxirane. In this transition state, the oxygen atom transferred to the olefin forms a cycle with the acetone leaving group and a cycle with the olefin undergoing epoxidation. Another well-studied reaction i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photocurable adhesives are also used in the production of catheters, hearing aids, surgical masks, medical filters, and blood analysis sensors. Photopolymers have also been explored for uses in drug delivery, tissue engineering and cell encapsulation systems. Photopolymerization processes for these applications are bei... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The transition dipole moment is useful for determining if transitions are allowed under the electric dipole interaction. For example, the transition from a bonding orbital to an antibonding orbital is allowed because the integral defining the transition dipole moment is nonzero. Such a transition occurs between an ev... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics, the plane-wave expansion expresses a plane wave as a linear combination of spherical waves:
where
* is the imaginary unit,
* is a wave vector of length ,
* is a position vector of length ,
* are spherical Bessel functions,
* are Legendre polynomials, and
* the hat denotes the unit vector.
In the speci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FuseNet is a nuclear fusion focused educational organization. Between 2008 and 2013 it was funded by a European Union grant under EURATOM: Fusion Energy Research. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An inspirator is a device, similar to a venturi tube and an orifice plate, which mixes a fuel gas with atmospheric air in a precise ratio to regulate burn characteristics. Only the pressure of the fuel gas is used to draw in and mix the air. They are the most simple and common type of mixing device for gas stoves and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The kappa convention is used to specify which ligand atoms are bonding to the central atom and in polynuclear species which atoms, both bridged and unbridged, link to which central atom. For monodentate ligands there is no ambiguity as to which atom is forming the bond to the central atom. However when a ligand has mor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2021, Schröder sent an email to Christopher Jackson in his capacity as a Vice President of the University of Manchester, linking to a right wing website GB News and disputing the presence of institutional racism at the University of Manchester. Jackson has subsequently left the institution, and Schröder has declined... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The C NMR spectra were recorded at several spectrometers with resonance frequencies ranging from 15 MHz to 100 MHz and a resolution ranging from 0.025 to 0.045 ppm. Spectra were acquired using a pulse flip angle of 22.5 – 45 degrees and a pulse repetition time of 4 – 7 seconds. Samples were prepared by dissolution in C... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The and distances are 117 and 158 pm. By contrast, in methyl thiocyanate, and distances are 116 and 176 pm.
Typical bond angles for in aryl isothiocyanates are near 165°. Again, the thiocyanate isomers are quite different with angle near 100°. In both isomers the angle approaches 180°. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This method is mostly used for corrosion monitoring in water industry. These probes are suitable for monitoring fluctuations that may occur in a fluid inside the system. These probes are mostly used for conductive fluids such as water or any similar else. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This salt is used as a flotation agent in the purification of molybdenite (MoS) from other components of the ores, where it is usually known as "Nokes reagent" (after Charles M. Nokes, who patented it in 1948). The salt is generated by the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with sodium hydroxide, often using impure r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Esters () are named as alkyl derivatives of carboxylic acids. The alkyl (R') group is named first. The part is then named as a separate word based on the carboxylic acid name, with the ending changed from "-oic acid" to "-oate" or "-carboxylate" For example, is methyl pentanoate, and is ethyl 4-methylpentanoate. For... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using vibrational perturbation theory, effects such as tunnelling and variational effects can be accounted for within the SCTST formalism. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Crabtree effect, named after the English biochemist Herbert Grace Crabtree, describes the phenomenon whereby the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, produces ethanol (alcohol) in aerobic conditions at high external glucose concentrations rather than producing biomass via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the usual p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is common to treat the principle as a more general observation of systems, such as
or, "roughly stated":
The concept of systemic maintenance of a stable steady state despite perturbations has a variety of names, and has been studied in a variety of contexts, chiefly in the natural sciences. In chemistry, the princip... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Friedrich Oskar Giesel (20 May 1852 – 13 November 1927, known as Fritz) was a German organic chemist. During his work in a quinine factory in the late 1890s, he started to work on the at-that-time-new field of radiochemistry and started the production of radium. In the period between 1902 and 1904, he was able to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal radiation is characteristically different from conduction and convection in that it does not require a medium and, in fact it reaches maximum efficiency in a vacuum. Thermal radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation which is often modeled by the propagation of waves. These waves have the standard wave pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several homoleptic (complexes with only one kind of ligand) complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The inventory includes octahedral complexes (M = Co, Rh). Square-planar homoleptic complexes are also known for Pt(II) and Pd(II). The potassium salts of (M = Zn, Cd) feature homoleptic complexes wi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The canonical partition function Z of an ideal gas consisting of N = nN identical (non-interacting) particles, is:
where is the thermal de Broglie wavelength:
with the usual definitions: h is the Planck constant, m the mass of a particle, k the Boltzmann constant and T the absolute temperature. In an ideal gas z is th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MST is based on the quantifiable detection of a fluorescence change in a sample when a temperature change is applied. The fluorescence of a target molecule can be extrinsic or intrinsic (aromatic amino acids) and is altered in temperature gradients due to two distinct effects. On the one hand temperature related intens... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bisphosphonates were originally synthesized in the 19th century and used in industry for their antiscaling and anticorrosive properties. In the late 1960s their potential to treat diseases related to the metabolism of the bones became evident. The first generation of bisphosphonates included etidronic acid and clodroni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Micro-organisms are utilized in biological remediation to control industrial and commercial vapor effluents. When utilizing biological oxidation systems for the remediation emissions, the off gases or vapors are passed through a packed bed having a thin biological film at the surface. The micro-organisms are immobilize... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Titanium foams exhibit high specific strength, high energy absorption, excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. These materials are ideally suited for applications within the aerospace industry. An inherent resistance to corrosion allows the foam to be a desirable candidate for various filtering application... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many applications have been considered, but few have been commercialized. ILs are used in the production of gasoline by catalyzing alkylation.
An IL based on tetraalkylphosphonium iodide is a solvent for tributyltin iodide, which functions as a catalyst to rearrange the monoepoxide of butadiene. This process was commer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process began to be used in residential and commercial applications in Japan and Europe in the 1970s and for residential application in the United States in the 1980s. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The principal technology is the cyanide process, in which gold is leached from the ore by treatment with a solution of cyanide. The first step is comminution (grinding) to increase surface area and expose the gold to the extracting solution. The extraction is conducted by dump leaching or heap leaching processes. Sodi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levorphanol is the INN, BAN, and DCF. As the medically used tartrate salt, the drug is also known as levorphanol tartrate (USAN, BANM). The former developmental code name of levorphanol at Roche was Ro 1-5431. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drugs can profoundly affect thyroid function tests. Listed below is a selection of important effects.
↓: reduced serum concentration or structure parameter; ↑: increased serum concentration or structure parameter; ↔: no change; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; T: Total triiodothyronine; T: Total thyroxine; fT: Free th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In binary (two component) mixtures, the binodal can be determined at a given temperature by drawing a tangent line to the free energy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crystal violet or gentian violet, also known as methyl violet 10B or hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride, is a triarylmethane dye used as a histological stain and in Gram's method of classifying bacteria. Crystal violet has antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic (vermicide) properties and was formerly important as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The EPOC effect can be observed in a wide range of catalytic reactions with several kinds of metal or metal oxide catalysts mostly coupled with solid electrolytes. Versatile catalytic reactions including hydrogenations, dehydrogenations, oxidations, reductions, isomerizations, and chemical decompositions have been know... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SUMO enzymatic cascade catalyzes the dynamic posttranslational modification process of sumoylation (i.e. transfer of SUMO protein to other proteins). The Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier, SUMO-1, is a ubiquitin-like family member that is conjugated to its substrates through three discrete enzymatic steps (see the figur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
FDA launched HIVE Open Source as a platform to support end to end needs for NGS analytics.
https://github.com/FDA/fda-hive
HIVE biocompute harmonization platform is at the core of High-throughput Sequencing Computational Standards for Regulatory Sciences (HTS-CSRS) project. Its mission is to provide the scientific com... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the characteristic plate length is much smaller than the characteristic plate edge depth, the effects of gravity, surface tension, and spring energy become dominant. In this limiting case, it turns out that flexibility does not improve load-bearing capabilities of the plates; indeed, the optimal configuration is a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Al-Kindi took his view of the solar system from Ptolemy, who placed the Earth at the centre of a series of concentric spheres, in which the known heavenly bodies (the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and the stars) are embedded. In one of his treatises on the subject, he says that these bodies are rational... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
More recently, slightly elevated serum GGT has also been found to correlate with cardiovascular diseases and is under active investigation as a cardiovascular risk marker. GGT in fact accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting a potential role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and circulates in blood ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This form of corrosion occurs principally in metal alloys. The less noble metal of the alloy, is selectively leached from the alloy. Removal of zinc from brass is a more common example. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. It happened during the Capitanian mass extinction, at the end-Permian extinction, during the end-Triassic extinction, and during the Cretaceous–Palaeogene extinction event.
Three of the big five mass extinction events in the geologic past were associated ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Quorum sensing can be a useful tool for improving the function of self-organizing networks such as the SECOAS (Self-Organizing Collegiate Sensor) environmental monitoring system. In this system, individual nodes sense that there is a population of other nodes with similar data to report. The population then nominates j... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mineralization of copper is restricted to a few areas in western, central and southern Africa, and some have the richest deposits of copper in the world. In the west, copper has only been found in the arid regions of the Sahel and southern Sahara. The main sources of copper are:
# Akjoujt in Mauritania
# Nioro du S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Twin helical strands form the DNA backbone. Another double helix may be found by tracing the spaces, or grooves, between the strands. These voids are adjacent to the base pairs and may provide a binding site. As the strands are not directly opposite each other, the grooves are unequally sized. One groove, the major gro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is a type of recrystallization process, found within the fields of metallurgy and geology. In dynamic recrystallization, as opposed to static recrystallization, the nucleation and growth of new grains occurs during deformation rather than afterwards as part of a separate heat treatment. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fusion reactors typically burn a mixture of deuterium (D) and tritium (T). When heated to millions of degrees, the kinetic energy in the fuel begins to overcome the natural electrostatic repulsion between nuclei, the so-called coulomb barrier, and the fuel begins to undergo fusion. This reaction gives off an alpha part... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the desired glass property is not related to crystallization (e.g., liquidus temperature) or phase separation, linear regression can be applied using common polynomial functions up to the third degree. Below is an example equation of the second degree. The C-values are the glass component concentrations like NaO or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Motivated by the above discussion, the simplest way to define an attracting LCS is by requiring it to be a locally strongest attracting material surface in the extended phase space (see. Fig. 4) . Similarly, a repelling LCS can be defined as a locally strongest repelling material surface. Attracting and repelling LCSs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the first publication by Kansy and coworkers, several companies developed their own versions of the assay. Early models incorporated iso-pH conditions in the compartments separated by a simple lipid membrane; subsequently, commercial products were introduced which incorporated more sophisticated lipid membranes.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The heat causing the melting of a reactor may originate from the nuclear chain reaction, but more commonly decay heat of the fission products contained in the fuel rods is the primary heat source. The heat production from radioactive decay drops quickly, as the short half-life isotopes provide most of the heat and radi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The visual cycle can be regulated by the retinal G-protein-coupled Receptor (RGR-opsin) system. When light activates the RGR-opsin, the recycling of chromophore in the RPE is accelerated. This mechanism provides additional chromophore after intense bleaches, and can be seen as an important mechanism in the early phase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reason that Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces rhamnolipids is the subject of much speculation. They have been shown to have several properties, and investigations in a rhlA mutant that does not make HAAs nor rhamnolipids have attributed many functions to rhamnolipids which may in fact be due to HAAs. These functions ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Faraday generator is named for Michael Faraday's experiments on moving charged particles in the Thames River.
A simple Faraday generator would consist of a wedge-shaped pipe or tube of some non-conductive material. When an electrically conductive fluid flows through the tube, in the presence of a significant perpe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-driven proton pump. It is the retinal molecule that changes its isomerization state from all-trans to 13-cis when it absorbs a photon. The surrounding protein responds to the change in the chromophore shape, by undergoing an ordered sequence of conformational changes (collectively known as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The SSA can be simply calculated from a particle size distribution, making some assumption about the particle shape. This method, however, fails to account for surface associated with the surface texture of the particles. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The settlement was mediated by retired judge Sir Henry Brooke. Before settlement had been reached, Chris Mallender explained: "We have reached a view that there are going to be no outright winners in this. In the circumstances we feel that its better that we try and find a middle ground, we settle in a way thats fair t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some dinophytes, like Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia, have a diatom (heterokontophyte)-derived chloroplast. These chloroplasts are bounded by up to five membranes, (depending on whether the entire diatom endosymbiont is counted as the chloroplast, or just the red algal derived chloroplast inside it). The diatom endosym... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Judith Klein-Seetharaman (born May 30, 1971) is an American-German biochemist who is a professor at the Arizona State University. Her research considers the structure-function properties of proteins using computational bio-linguistics. She was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to identify novel therapies... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After the detonation of a weapon at or above the fallout-free altitude (an air burst), fission products, un-fissioned nuclear material, and weapon residues vaporized by the heat of the fireball condense into a suspension of particles 10 nm to 20 µm in diameter. This size of particulate matter, lifted to the stratospher... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The arrangement of the continents has changed over time due to plate tectonics, resulting in the bathymetry of ocean basins also changing over time. The shape and size of the basins influences the circulation patterns and concentration of nutrients within them. Numerical models simulating past arrangements of continent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under these criteria, we can propose a model for the fractions of incident light that are absorbed (), remitted (), and transmitted () by one representative layer.
in which:
• is the fraction of cross-sectional surface area that is occupied by particles of type .
• is the effective absorption coefficient for partic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Poiseuille flow theorem is a consequence of the Helmholtz theorem states that The steady laminar flow of an incompressible viscous fluid down a straight pipe of arbitrary cross-section is characterized by the property that its energy dissipation is least among all laminar (or spatially periodic) flows down the pipe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Antirrhinin (cyanidin-3-rutinoside or 3-C-R), found in black raspberry
* Cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside, found in black raspberry
* Cyanidin-3,4′-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in red onion
* Cyanidin-4′-O-β-glucoside, found in red onion
* Chrysanthemin (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), found in blackcurrant pomace
* Ideain (cy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adenylate kinase is present in mitochondrial and myofibrillar compartments in the cell, and it makes two high-energy phosphoryls (β and γ) of ATP available to be transferred between adenine nucleotide molecules. In essence, adenylate kinase shuttles ATP to sites of high energy consumption and removes the AMP generated... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deuterium is used in heavy water moderated fission reactors, usually as liquid HO, to slow neutrons without the high neutron absorption of ordinary hydrogen. This is a common commercial use for larger amounts of deuterium.
In research reactors, liquid H is used in cold sources to moderate neutrons to very low energies ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In E-AB sensors, the signal between electrochemical response and absence of target is small. The aptamer can be reengineered to a large-scale, conformational change. Long flexible loops or complementary strands can also force a change in the aptamers conformation. These techniques to modify aptamers increase the signal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To demonstrate the lability of drug binding, drug specific T cell lines, T cell clones and TCR hybridoma cells were required. Washing of the cell mix of drug, APC and T cells abrogated p-i reactivity, while T cell reaction to haptens persisted. The presentation of peptides by HLA on APC takes > 4hr pulsing (uptake of h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) is an organic compound. It is widely used as a reagent in the synthesis of other organic compounds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order to achieve linear motion from compressed air, a system of pistons is most commonly used. The compressed air is fed into an air-tight chamber that houses the shaft of the piston. Also inside this chamber a spring is coiled around the shaft of the piston in order to hold the chamber completely open when air is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When applied to air filtration and purification, biofilters use microorganisms to remove air pollution.
The air flows through a packed bed and the pollutant transfers into a thin biofilm on the surface of the packing material. Microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi are immobilized in the biofilm and degrade the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The flow in many fluids varies with density and depends upon the gravity. Due to which the fluid with lower density is always above the fluid with higher density. Stratified flows are very common such as the Earth's ocean and its atmosphere. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Advantages of electrofusion welding:
* Simple process capable of producing consistent joints
* Process is entirely contained, reducing the risk of joint contamination
* Process allows repair without the need to remove pipes
Disadvantages of electrofusion welding:
* A special sleeve is required, so it is more expensive... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials produced through controlled crystallization of base glass, producing a fine uniform dispersion of crystals throughout the bulk material. Crystallization is accomplished by subjecting suitable glasses to a carefully regulated heat treatment schedule, resulting in the nucleati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chelation of lithium cation with the methoxy group is one of the most important features of the transition state for Enders hydrazone alkylation reaction. It is necessary to have this chelation effect to achieve high stereoselectivity. The development and modification of Enders hydrazone alkylation reaction mainly ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Part 503 governs the management of biosolids. Within that federal regulation biosolids are generally classified differently depending upon the quantity of pollutants they contain and the level of treatment they have been subjected to (the latter of which... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In response to iron limitation in their environment, genes involved in microbe siderophore production and uptake are derepressed, leading to manufacture of siderophores and the appropriate uptake proteins. In bacteria, Fe-dependent repressors bind to DNA upstream to genes involved in siderophore production at high intr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA denaturation, also called DNA melting, is the process by which double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid unwinds and separates into single-stranded strands through the breaking of hydrophobic stacking attractions between the bases. See Hydrophobic effect. Both terms are used to refer to the process as it occurs when a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Continuous flow photochemistry offers multiple advantages over batch photochemistry. Photochemical reactions are driven by the number of photons that are able to activate molecules causing the desired reaction. The large surface area to volume ratio of a microreactor maximizes the illumination, and at the same time all... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Imines may be reduced enantioselectively using stoichiometric amounts of chiral metal hydrides. Such methods have the advantage that they are easy to implement. Reduction with hydrosilanes is a second alternative to transition-metal catalyzed hydrogenation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (sometimes called quatrotriphenylphosphine palladium) is the chemical compound [Pd(P(CH))], often abbreviated Pd(PPh), or rarely PdP. It is a bright yellow crystalline solid that becomes brown upon decomposition in air. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main areas of use are the conversion of ketones to esters (Baeyer-Villiger oxidation), epoxidation of alkenes (Prilezhaev reaction), conversion of silyl enol ethers to silyl α-hydroxy ketones (Rubottom oxidation), oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones, and oxidation of amines to produce amine oxides. The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bimodal Atomic Force Microscopy (bimodal AFM) is an advanced atomic force microscopy technique characterized by generating high-spatial resolution maps of material properties. Topography, deformation, elastic modulus, viscosity coefficient or magnetic field maps might be generated. Bimodal AFM is based on the simultane... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An extinct radionuclide is a radionuclide that was formed by nucleosynthesis before the formation of the Solar System, about 4.6 billion years ago, but has since decayed to virtually zero abundance and is no longer detectable as a primordial nuclide. Extinct radionuclides were generated by various processes in the earl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Coordinates in square brackets such as denote a direction vector (in real space).
* Coordinates in angle brackets or chevrons such as <100> denote a family of directions which are related by symmetry operations. In the cubic crystal system for example, or the negative of any of those directions.
* Miller indi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Schöllkopf method or Schöllkopf Bis-Lactim Amino Acid Synthesis is a method in organic chemistry for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids. The method was established in 1981 by Ulrich Schöllkopf. In it glycine is a substrate, valine a chiral auxiliary and the reaction taking place an alkylation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen embrittlement is a volume effect: it affects the volume of the material. Environmental embrittlement is a surface effect where molecules from the atmosphere surrounding the material under test are adsorbed onto the fresh crack surface. This is most clearly seen from fatigue measurements where the measured crac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
LISICON is an acronym for LIthium Super Ionic CONductor, which refers to a family of solids with the chemical formula LiZnGeO.
The first example of this structure was discovered in 1977 with , providing a chemical formula of LiZn(GeO). The crystal structure of LISICON consists of a network of [LiZn(GeO)] as well as 3 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), also known as the water-splitting complex, is a water-oxidizing enzyme involved in the photo-oxidation of water during the light reactions of photosynthesis. OEC is surrounded by 4 core proteins of photosystem II at the membrane-lumen interface. The mechanism for splitting water invol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*PLC-ε (230-260kDa ) is activated by Ras and Rho GTPases.
*PLC-ζ (75kDa) is thought to play an important role in vertebrate fertilization by producing intracellular calcium oscillations important for the start of embryonic development. However, the mechanism of activation still remains unclear. This isoform is also cap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Schoell received the 1995 AAPG Best Paper Award and was recognized by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists as authoring one of the top twenty most notable geology-related papers of the 1980s. Specifically, the AAPG recognized Schoell for his paper "Genetic Characterization of Natural Gasses" which describes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mycofactocin is thought to play a role in redox pathways involving nicotinoproteins, enzymes with non-exchangeable bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This notion comes largely from comparative genomics work that highlighted the many parallels between mycofactocin and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). In both ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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