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Homeobox protein NANOG (hNanog) is a transcriptional factor that helps embryonic stem cells (ESCs) maintain pluripotency by suppressing cell determination factors. hNanog is encoded in humans by the NANOG gene. Several types of cancer are associated with NANOG. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many methods for encoding data in DNA are possible. The optimal methods are those that make economical use of DNA and protect against errors. If the message DNA is intended to be stored for a long period of time, for example, 1,000 years, it is also helpful if the sequence is obviously artificial and the reading frame ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Indian Academy of Sciences elected George as a fellow in 1973 before he became an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in 1975. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1973. He received the C. V. R... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The formula for degree of unsaturation is:
where n is the number of atoms with valence v.
That is, an atom that has a valence of x contributes a total of x − 2 to the degree of unsaturation. The result is then halved and increased by 1. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbamino refers to an adduct generated by the addition of carbon dioxide to the free amino group of an amino acid or a protein, such as hemoglobin forming carbaminohemoglobin. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs.
A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction. The detailed steps of a reaction are not ob... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another information-theoretic metric is variation of information, which is roughly a symmetrization of conditional entropy. It is a metric on the set of partitions of a discrete probability space. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The metal ions can also be arranged in order of increasing Δ, and this order is largely independent of the identity of the ligand.
:Mn
In general, it is not possible to say whether a given ligand will exert a strong field or a weak field on a given metal ion. However, when we consider the metal ion, the followi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anhydrous aluminium chloride is hygroscopic, having a very pronounced affinity for water. It fumes in moist air and hisses when mixed with liquid water as the Cl ligands are displaced with HO molecules to form the hexahydrate . The anhydrous phase cannot be regained on heating the hexahydrate. Instead HCl is lost leavi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most fundamental difference between SUV and K values is that SUV is a simple measure of uptake, which is normalized to body weight and injected activity. The SUV does not take into consideration the tracer delivery to the local region of interest from where the measurements are obtained, therefore, affected by the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The catecholamines are a group of neurotransmitters composed of the endogenous substances dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and adrenaline (epinephrine), as well as numerous artificially synthesized compounds such as isoprenaline - an anti-bradycardiac medication. Their investigation constitutes a major chapter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfur trioxide pyridine complex is the compound with the formula CHNSO. It is a colourless solid that dissolves in polar organic solvents. It is the adduct formed from the Lewis base pyridine and the Lewis acid sulfur trioxide. The compound is mainly used as a source of sulfur trioxide, for example in the synthesis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mineral paint contains inorganic colorants, and potassium-based, alkali silicate (water glass), also known as potassium silicate, liquid potassium silicate, or LIQVOR SILICIVM. A coat with mineral colors does not form a layer but instead permanently bonds to the substrate material (silicification).
The result is a hig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The three prime untranslated regions (3UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often contain regulatory sequences that post-transcriptionally cause gene silencing. Such 3-UTRs often contain both binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as for regulatory proteins. By binding to specific sites within the 3-UTR, a large numbe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phases can also be inferred by using a process called molecular replacement, where a similar molecules already-known phases are grafted onto the intensities of the molecule at hand, which are observationally determined. These phases can be obtained experimentally from a homologous molecule or if the phases are known f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry, formerly known as the Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry was established in 1945. Consisting of a gold medal and honorarium, its purpose is to stimulate fundamental research in enzyme chemistry by scientists not over forty years of age. The award is administered by the Division ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase uses cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin and NADP to produce (+)-aromadendrin, NADPH, and H.
Leucoanthocyanidin reductase transforms cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin into afzelechin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methyl violet is a mutagen and mitotic poison, therefore concerns exist regarding the ecological impact of the release of methyl violet into the environment. Methyl violet has been used in vast quantities for textile and paper dyeing, and 15% of such dyes produced worldwide are released to environment in wastewater. Nu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Boussinesq (1885) and Basset (1888) found that the force F on an accelerating spherical particle in a viscous fluid is
where D is the particle diameter, and u and v are the fluid and particle velocity vectors, respectively. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 1.435, ranking it 12th out of 75 journals in the category "Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering". | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* "Río, Andrés Manuel del," Enciclopedia de México, v. 12. Mexico City, 1987.
* Alessio Robles, Vito. El ilustre maestro Andrés Manuel del Río. Mexico City, 1937. 31 p.
* Arnaiz y Freg, Arturo. Andrés Manuel del Río: Estudio biográfico. Mexico City: Casino Español de México, 1936.
* Arnaiz y Freg, Arturo. Don Andrés de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A third-order derivative term represneting dispersion of wavenumbers are often encountered in many applications. The disperseively modified Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, which is often called as the Kawahara equation, is given by
where is real parameter. A fifth-order derivative term is also often included, which is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is the most abundant inositol phosphate isomer found. IP6 is solely involved in various biological activities such as neurotransmission, immune response, regulation of kinase and phosphatase proteins as well as activation of calcium channels. IP6 is also involved in ATP regeneration seen i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Asymmetric hydrogenations operate by conventional mechanisms invoked for other hydrogenations. This includes inner sphere mechanisms, outer sphere mechanisms and the σ-bond metathesis mechanisms. The type of mechanism employed by a catalyst is largely dependent on the ligands used in a system, which in turn leads to ce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prior to the emergence of underwater cabled observatories, oceanographers and other researchers studying the global ocean tended to rely on the use of research vessels and manned submersibles in order to collect data. This was followed by a shift toward Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV's) and space-based research satelli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prostaglandin H (PGH), or prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), is a type of prostaglandin and a precursor for many other biologically significant molecules. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by a cyclooxygenase enzyme. The conversion from arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 is a two-step process. Fir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DABCO is used as a nucleophilic catalyst for:
*formation of polyurethane from alcohol and isocyanate functionalized monomers and pre-polymers.
*Baylis–Hillman reactions of aldehydes and unsaturated ketones and aldehydes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Blood lactate levels are also maintained at steady state. At rest or low levels of exercise, the rate of lactate production in muscle cells and consumption in muscle or blood cells allows lactate to remain in the body at a certain steady state concentration. If a higher level of exercise is sustained, however, blood la... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If we differentiate this last equation with respect to at constant we get:
Since we know from the Gibbs potential equation that:
with the molar volume , these last two equations put together give:
Since all this, done as a pure substance, is valid in an ideal mix just adding the subscript to all the intensive variab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enolisation of RuBP is the conversion of the keto tautomer of RuBP to an enediol(ate). Enolisation is initiated by deprotonation at C3. The enzyme base in this step has been debated, but the steric constraints observed in crystal structures have made Lys210 the most likely candidate. Specifically, the carbamate oxygen ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The study of thermodynamical systems has developed into several related branches, each using a different fundamental model as a theoretical or experimental basis, or applying the principles to varying types of systems. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As PRR is a family of genes, several rounds mutant screening have been performed to identify each possible phenotype. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP), is a professional association focused on the protection of assets and performance of materials. AMPP was created when NACE International and SSPC the Society for Protective Coatings merged in 2021. AMPP is active in more than 130 countries and has more th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Complementarity can be found between short nucleic acid stretches and a coding region or a transcribed gene, and results in base pairing. These short nucleic acid sequences are commonly found in nature and have regulatory functions such as gene silencing. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An alternative to measure BOD is the development of biosensors, which are devices for the detection of an analyte that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component. Enzymes are the most widely used biological sensing elements in the fabrication of biosensors. Their application in biosensor ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Haloalkanes are a class of molecule that is defined by a carbon–halogen bond. This bond can be relatively weak (in the case of an iodoalkane) or quite stable (as in the case of a fluoroalkane). In general, with the exception of fluorinated compounds, haloalkanes readily undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions or el... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PPR3, PRR5, PRR7, and PRR9 are all paralogs of each other. They have similar structure, and all repress the transcription of CCA1 and LHY. Additionally, they are all characterized by their lack of a phospho-accepting aspartate site. These genes are also paralogs to TOC1, which is alternatively called PRR1. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The magazine is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Science Citation Index, and Scopus. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dispersion and nonlinearity can interact to produce permanent and localized wave forms. Consider a pulse of light traveling in glass. This pulse can be thought of as consisting of light of several different frequencies. Since glass shows dispersion, these different frequencies travel at different speeds and the shape... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured O content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of O:
Thus, a measured concentration of 45 ppmv (dry basis) in a gas having 5 volume % ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at the appropriate type of treatment plant. Domestic wastewater (also called municipal wastewater or sewage) is processed at a sewage treatment plant. For industrial wastewater, treatment either takes place in a separate industrial wastewater treatment facility, o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wetlands are areas of land submerged in water near both terrestrial and aquatic systems. They are highly diverse and are classified by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service into five categories: “The term wetland includes a variety of areas that fall into one of five categories: (1) areas with hydrophytes and hyd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
[F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (INN), or fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 (USAN and USP), also commonly called fluorodeoxyglucose and abbreviated [F]FDG, 2-[F]FDG or FDG, is a radiopharmaceutical, specifically a radiotracer, used in the medical imaging modality positron emission tomography (PET). Chemically, it is 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro--g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the phenomenologies of the superfluid states of helium-4 and helium-3 are very similar, the microscopic details of the transitions are very different. Helium-4 atoms are bosons, and their superfluidity can be understood in terms of the Bose–Einstein statistics that they obey. Specifically, the superfluidity of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, an ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution that exhibits thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases. The enthalpy of mixing is zero as is the volume change on mixing by definition; the closer to zero the enthalpy of mixing is, the more "ideal" the behavior of the solutio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vanadates exhibit a variety of biological activities, in part because they serve as structural mimics of phosphates. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of ATPases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and protein-phosphotyrosine phosphatases, and its inhibitory effects can be reversed by dilution or the addition of ethylene... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sodium fusion extract is acidified with acetic acid and lead acetate is added to it. A black precipitate of lead sulfide indicates the presence of sulfur. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Mexico, modafinil is not listed as a controlled substance, in the National Health Law, and can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Sepro Blackhawk 100 Cone Crusher is a modern, hydraulically operated cone crusher designed to be simple, rugged and effective for heavy duty mining and aggregate applications. The combination of the speed and eccentric throw of the crusher provides fine crushing capability and high capacity in a very compact desig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Amine oxides (AO) are not known to be carcinogens, dermal sensitizers, or reproductive toxicants. They are readily metabolized and excreted if ingested. Chronic ingestion by rabbits found lower body weight, diarrhea, and lenticular opacities at a lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL) in the range of 87–150 mg A... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The G protein-coupled receptor is activated by an external signal in the form of a ligand or other signal mediator. This creates a conformational change in the receptor, causing activation of a G protein. Further effect depends on the type of G protein. G proteins are subsequently inactivated by GTPase activating prote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There is a pressure difference between the outside air and the air inside the building caused by the difference in temperature between the outside air and the inside air. That pressure difference ( ΔP ) is the driving force for the stack effect and it can be calculated with the equations presented below. The equations ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This experiment provides correlations between a carbon and its attached protons. The constant time (CT) version of H—C HSQC is normally used as it circumvents the issue of splitting of signal due to homonuclear C—C J couplings which reduces spectral resolution. The "constant time" refers to the entire evolution perio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following peptides were synthesized using this method by 1949: <br/>
* -Ala-Gly
* -Tyr-Gly
* -Tyr-Tyr
* -Ala--Ala-Gly
* -di-Ala--cystinyl-di-Gly
* -Ala--Tyr-Gly
* -Ala--Tyr-Gly-Gly
* -Ala--Ala-L-Tyr-Gly-Gly
* -Tyr--Tyr--Tyr
* -Cystinyl-di-Gly | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
# Water Conservation: A newly constructed home can implement products with the WaterSense label at no additional costs and achieve a water savings of 20% when including the water heater savings and the water itself.
# Energy Conservation: Energy conservation is highly intensive when it comes to cost premiums for implem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The biochemistry of methanogenesis involves the following coenzymes and cofactors: F420, coenzyme B, coenzyme M, methanofuran, and methanopterin.
The mechanism for the conversion of bond into methane involves a ternary complex of methyl coenzyme M and coenzyme B fit into a channel terminated by the axial site on nicke... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mafic magma dominated the seafloor at around 3.9 Ga during the Hadean-Archean transition. Due to rapid silicification, the felsic continental crust began to form. In the Archean, the continental crust was composed of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) as well as granite–monzonite–syenite suites.
The Mount Goldswo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A polymer brush is the name given to a surface coating consisting of polymers tethered to a surface. The brush may be either in a solvated state, where the tethered polymer layer consists of polymer and solvent, or in a melt state, where the tethered chains completely fill up the space available. These polymer layers c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hans Spemann, a German embryologist was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935 for his discovery of the effect now known as embryonic induction, exercised by various parts of the embryo, that directs the development of groups of cells into particular tissues and organs. In 1924 he and his student, Hild... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
pVIII is the main coat protein of Ff phages. Peptides are usually fused to the N-terminus of pVIII. Usually peptides that can be fused to pVIII are 6-8 amino acids long. The size restriction seems to have less to do with structural impediment caused by the added section and more to do with the size exclusion caused by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DECL) is a technology for the synthesis and screening on an unprecedented scale of collections of small molecule compounds. DECL is used in medicinal chemistry to bridge the fields of combinatorial chemistry and molecular biology. The aim of DECL technology is to accelerate the drug disc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PEA, as an N-acylethanolamine, has physico-chemical properties comparable to anandamide, and, while it is not strictly an endocannabinoid, it is often studied in conjunction with anandamide because of their overlapping synthetic and metabolic pathways. N-acylethanolamines such as PEA often act as signaling molecules, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In terms of inhibitors of intrinsic termination, much is still unknown. One of the few examples that is known is bacteriophage protein 7. This is made up of 3.4A and 4.0A cryo-EM structures of P7-NusA-TEC and P7-TEC. This bacteriophage protein 7 stops transcription termination by blocking the RNA polymerase (RNAP) RNA-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Genetic significant dose (GSD), or genetically significant dose, was initially defined by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) in 1958.
It represents an estimate of the genetic significance of gonad radiation doses. Annual GSD is calculated by weighting the individual gonad d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tardigrade specific proteins are types of intrinsically disordered proteins specific to tardigrades. These proteins help tardigrades survive desiccation, one of the adaptations which contribute to tardigrade's extremotolerant nature. Tardigrade specific proteins are strongly influenced by their environment, leading to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A glycosyl acceptor is any suitable nucleophile-containing molecule that will react with a glycosyl donor to form a new glycosidic bond. By convention, the acceptor is the member of this pair which did not contain the resulting anomeric carbon of the new glycosidic bond. Since the nucleophilic atom of the acceptor is t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A number of different structural domains that fold mostly on their own have been found in the APP sequence. The extracellular region, much larger than the intracellular region, is divided into the E1 and E2 domains, linked by an acidic domain (AcD); E1 contains two subdomains including a growth factor-like domain (GFLD... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Light detectors, such as photographic plates or CCDs, measure only the intensity of the light that hits them. This measurement is incomplete (even when neglecting other degrees of freedom such as polarization and angle of incidence) because a light wave has not only an amplitude (related to the intensity), but also a p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NMOR is generally not used intentionally, but is instead created by the nitrosation of morpholine or morpholine derivatives which are used for several industrial purposes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All chromatographic purifications and separations which are executed via solvent gradient batch chromatography can be performed using MCSGP. Typical examples are reversed phase purification of peptides, hydrophobic interaction chromatography for fatty acids or for example ion exchange chromatography of proteins or anti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many non-Newtonian fluids, the shear stress due to viscosity, , can be modeled by
where
* k is the consistency index
* n is the flow behavior index
* du/dy is the shear rate, with velocity u and position y
These fluids are called power-law fluids.
To ensure that has the same sign as du/dy, this is often written as
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The silicon α‑effect described above is mainly focused on carbon. In fact, the most industrially-important silicon α‑effect instead occurs with silyl ethers. Under hydrolysis condition, certain α-silane-terminated prepolymers crosslink 10-1000 times faster than the corresponding prepolymers produced from conventional ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
George Simms Hammond (May 22, 1921 – October 5, 2005) was an American scientist and theoretical chemist who developed "Hammonds postulate", and fathered organic photochemistry,–the general theory of the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction. Hammonds research is also known for its ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tertiary phosphine oxides, compounds with the formula RPO cannot tautomerize. The situation is different for the secondary and primary phosphine oxides, with the respective formulas R(H)PO and R(H)PO. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Natural gas that carries a lot of liquids with it is known as wet gas whereas natural gas that is produced without liquid is known dry gas. Dry gas is also treated as to remove all liquids. The effect of flow conditioning for various popular meters which is used in gas measurement is explained below. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Malonyl-CoA signals glucose utilization and it controls the entry and oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the mitochondria. Circulating glucose in the liver stimulates its uptake. Glucose oxidation produces citrate which can be converted to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Malonyl-CoA inhibits the carni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
N NMR is also extremely valuable in protein NMR investigations. Most notably, the introduction of three-dimensional experiments with N lifts the ambiguity in C–C two-dimensional experiments. In solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), for example, N is most commonly utilized in NCACX, NCOCX, and CANcoCX pulse se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tungsten is the most common refractory metal that can be used as a selective emitter. It has higher emissivity in the visible and near-IR range of 0.45 to 0.47 and a low emissivity of 0.1 to 0.2 in the IR region. The emitter is usually in the shape of a cylinder with a sealed bottom, which can be considered a cavity. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Highly favourable binding of a substrate at a non-reactive site will force the reactive site of the substrate to be more reactive by putting it in a very unfavourable position. This effect was observed in orotidine 5‘-phosphate decarboxylase. This can occur by positioning a charged amino acid group next to the charged ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The threat of acidification includes a decline in commercial fisheries and the coast-based tourism industry. Several ocean goods and services are likely to be undermined by future ocean acidification potentially affecting the livelihoods of some 400 to 800 million people, depending upon the greenhouse gas emission scen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pdr1p is a main regulator of PDR genes and is known to target about 50 genes. Pdr1p binds to sequence 5-TCCGYGGR-3 of PDRE, which is located within the promoter sequences of its target genes. 218 genes are reported to possess PDRE. Pdr1p is observed to bind PDRE sites on DNA at basal level and also after simulation wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
F-gases are ozone-friendly, enable energy efficiency, and are relatively safe for use by the public due to their low levels of toxicity and flammability. However, most F-gases have a high global warming potential (GWP), and some are nearly inert to removal by chemical processes. If released, HFCs stay in the atmospher... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Markovnikov married Lyubov Dmitrievna Rychkova. They had two sons, Vladimir, a politician and Nikolai, an architect. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another type of isomerism based on nuclear properties is spin isomerism, where molecules differ only in the relative spin magnetic quantum numbers m of the constituent atomic nuclei. This phenomenon is significant for molecular hydrogen, which can be partially separated into two long-lived states described as spin isom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A nonsynonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. Nonsynonymous substitutions differ from synonymous substitutions, which do not alter amino acid sequences and are (sometimes) silent mutations. As nonsynonymous substitutions result in a biological change in the orga... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While kinematical diffraction is adequate to understand the geometry of the diffraction spots, it does not correctly give the intensities and has a number of other limitations. For a more complete approach one has to include multiple scattering of the electrons using methods that date back to the early work of Hans Bet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The British Pharmacopoeia is published on behalf of the Health Ministers of the United Kingdom; on the recommendation of the Commission on Human Medicines, in accordance with section 99(6) of the Medicines Act 1968, and notified in draft to the European Commission (EC) in accordance with Directive 98/34/EEC.
The monogr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trans-regulatory elements (TRE) are DNA sequences encoding upstream regulators (ie. trans-acting factors), which may modify or regulate the expression of distant genes. Trans-acting factors interact with cis-regulatory elements to regulate gene expression. TRE mediates expression profiles of a large number of genes via... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A mixed-waste processing system, sometimes referred to as a dirty MRF, accepts a mixed solid waste stream and then proceeds to separate out designated recyclable materials through a combination of manual and mechanical sorting. The sorted recyclable materials may undergo further processing required to meet technical s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The IAGC (International Association of GeoChemistry, formerly known as the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry) is affiliated with the International Union of Geological Sciences and has been one of the pre-eminent international geochemical organizations for over thirty-five years.
The principa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PI3K inhibitors may overcome drug resistance and improve advanced breast cancer (ABC) outcomes. Different PI3K inhibitors exhibit different effect against various PI3K types. Class IA pan-PI3K inhibitors have been more extensively studied than isoform specific inhibitors; Pictilisib is another pan-PI3K inhibitor with g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The use of iodine-containing solutions as an aid to describing and identifying fungi dates back to the mid-19th century.
Melzers reagent was first described in 1924 and takes its name from its inventor, the mycologist Václav Melzer, who modified an older chloral hydrate-containing IKI solution developed by botanist Art... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first (non-exhaustive) inventory of microorganisms with a documented history of use in food was for the first time compiled in 2001 by the [http://www.fil-idf.org International Dairy Federation (IDF)] and the [http://www.effca.org European Food and Feed Cultures Association (EFFCA)].
In 2012, this inventory was upd... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The theory can be applied also to dilute solutions of mixed electrolytes. Freezing point depression measurements has been used to this purpose. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The replacement of silica involves two processes:
1) Dissolution of rock minerals
2) Precipitation of silica
It could be explained through the carbonate-silica replacement. Hydrothermal fluids are undersaturated with carbonates and supersaturated with silica. When carbonate rocks get in contact with hydrothermal flu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Water disinfection/decontamination, a form of solar water disinfection (SODIS). Adsorbents attract organics such as tetrachloroethylene. Adsorbents are placed in packed beds for 18 hours. Spent adsorbents are placed in regeneration fluid, essentially removing organics still attached by passing hot water opposite to t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glare caused from surfaces with high solar reflectance may present visibility concerns that can limit PDRC application, particularly within urban environments at the ground level. PDRCs that use a "scattering system" to generate reflection in a more diffused manner have been developed and are "more favorable in real ap... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sintering is a common practice used widely with both metals and ceramic materials. Sintering is a direct application of capillary condensation, because of the adhesion effects of dust and powders. This application can be seen directly in sol-gel thin film synthesis. The sol-gel is a colloid solution which is placed on... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some metabolic myopathies involve the under- or over-utilization of the purine nucleotide cycle. Metabolic myopathies cause a low ATP reservoir in muscle cells (ADP > ATP), resulting in exercise-induced excessive AMP buildup in muscle, and subsequent exercise-induced hyperuricemia (myogenic hyperuricemia) through conv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Expression vectors produce proteins through the transcription of the vector's insert followed by translation of the mRNA produced, they therefore require more components than the simpler transcription-only vectors. Expression in different host organism would require different elements, although they share similar requ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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