text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
The first generally accepted theory of ET was developed by Rudolph A. Marcus to address outer-sphere electron transfer and was based on a transition-state theory approach. The Marcus theory of electron transfer was then extended to include inner-sphere electron transfer by Noel Hush and Marcus. The resultant theory c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arsenic poisoning (or arsenicosis) is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. Long-term exposure can result in thickenin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
pH partition is the tendency for acids to accumulate in basic fluid compartments, and bases to accumulate in acidic compartments. The reason for this phenomenon is that acids become negatively electric charged in basic fluids, since they donate a proton. On the other hand, bases become positively electric charged in ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The history and evolution of reversed phase stationary phases in described in detail in an article by Majors, Dolan, Carr and Snyder.
In the 1970s, most liquid chromatography runs were performed using solid particles as the stationary phases, made of unmodified silica gel or alumina. This type of technique is now refe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mitochondrial targeting signal also known as presequence is a 10-70 amino acid long peptide that directs a newly synthesized protein to the mitochondria. It is found at the N-terminus end consists of an alternating pattern of hydrophobic and positively charged amino acids to form what is called an amphipathic helix... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
De re metallica (Latin for On the Nature of Metals [Minerals]) is a book in Latin cataloguing the state of the art of mining, refining, and smelting metals, published a year posthumously in 1556 due to a delay in preparing woodcuts for the text. The author was Georg Bauer, whose pen name was the Latinized Georgius Agri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A baroclinic instability is a fluid dynamical instability of fundamental importance in the atmosphere and ocean. It can lead to the formation of transient mesoscale eddies, with a horizontal scale of 10-100 km. In contrast, flows on the largest scale in the ocean are described as ocean currents, the largest scale eddi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The helicity of a particle is positive ("right-handed") if the direction of its spin is the same as the direction of its motion. It is negative ("left-handed") if the directions of spin and motion are opposite. So a standard clock, with its spin vector defined by the rotation of its hands, has left-handed helicity if t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since natural amino acid residues are usually present in large quantities, it is often difficult to modify one single site. Strategies targeting the termini of protein have been developed, because they greatly enhanced the site selectivity of protein modification. One of the N- termini modifications involves the funct... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is an amorphous polymer made by several polymer manufacturers. COC is a relatively new class of polymers as compared to commodities such as polypropylene and polyethylene. This newer material is used in a wide variety of applications including packaging films, lenses, vials, displays, and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microstructure is the very small scale structure of a material, defined as the structure of a prepared surface of material as revealed by an optical microscope above 25× magnification. The microstructure of a material (such as metals, polymers, ceramics or composites) can strongly influence physical properties such as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to analyze a sample for its atomic constituents, it has to be atomized. The atomizers most commonly used nowadays are flames and electrothermal (graphite tube) atomizers. The atoms should then be irradiated by optical radiation, and the radiation source could be an element-specific line radiation source or a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metabolite damage can occur through enzyme promiscuity or spontaneous chemical reactions. Many metabolites are chemically reactive and unstable and can react with other cell components or undergo unwanted modifications. Enzymatically or chemically damaged metabolites are always useless and often toxic. To prevent toxic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The noradrenaline system consists of around 15,000 neurons, primarily in the locus coeruleus. This is diminutive compared to the more than 100 billion neurons in the brain. As with dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, neurons in the locus coeruleus tend to be melanin-pigmented. Noradrenaline is released from ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mohamed M. Atalla (; August 4, 1924 – December 30, 2009) was an Egyptian-American engineer, physicist, cryptographer, inventor and entrepreneur. He was a semiconductor pioneer who made important contributions to modern electronics. He is best known for inventing, along with his colleague Dawon Kahng, the MOSFET (metal–... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the solidification of synthetic biofoams, fibers may be added as a reinforcement agent for the matrix. This additionally will create a heterogeneous nucleation site for the air pockets of the foam itself during the foaming process. However, as fiber content increases, it can begin to inhibit formation of the c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In materials science, critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is the component of shear stress, resolved in the direction of slip, necessary to initiate slip in a grain. Resolved shear stress (RSS) is the shear component of an applied tensile or compressive stress resolved along a slip plane that is other than perpendicu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a molecule experiences strain when its chemical structure undergoes some stress which raises its internal energy in comparison to a strain-free reference compound. The internal energy of a molecule consists of all the energy stored within it. A strained molecule has an additional amount of internal ener... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The track of the first competition is a gold surface, equipped with grooves to define race lanes in order to avoid losing vehicles. It is about 100 nanometres long, and includes two bends. It is located in a small enclosure cooled to -269°C under a primary vacuum of 10 mbar and is observed simultaneously by four scanni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A description of Debye–Hückel theory includes a very detailed discussion of the assumptions and their limitations as well as the mathematical development and applications.
A snapshot of a 2-dimensional section of an idealized electrolyte solution is shown in the picture. The ions are shown as spheres with unit electric... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2013, researchers reported that tramadol was found in relatively high concentrations (1%+) in the roots of the African pin cushion tree (Nauclea latifolia). In 2014, however, it was reported that the presence of tramadol in the tree roots was the result of tramadol having been administered to cattle by farmers in th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stereospecific cis-hydroalumination is possible through the use of dialkylalanes. The most common reagent used for this purpose is di(isobutyl)aluminium hydride (DIBAL-H). Analogous to hydroboration reactions with RBH, hydroalumination with RAlH leads to the attachment of aluminium at the carbon less able to stabilize ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
dimesitylborane is a dimer (CHMe)BH). It reacts only slowly with simple terminal alkenes. On the other hand, alkynes undergo monohydroboration with MesBH easily to produce alkenylboranes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* A well-known electrosynthesis is the Kolbe electrolysis, in which two carboxylic acids decarboxylate, and the remaining structures bond together:
* A variation is called the non-Kolbe reaction when a heteroatom (nitrogen or oxygen) is present at the α-position. The intermediate oxonium ion is trapped by a nucleophile... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The partition coefficient between n-Octanol and water is known as the n-octanol-water partition coefficient, or K. It is also frequently referred to by the symbol P, especially in the English literature. It is also known as n-octanol-water partition ratio.
K, being a type of partition coefficient, serves as a measure o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All three theories model the temperature dependence of k using an equation of the form
for some constant C, where α = 0, , and 1 give Arrhenius theory, collision theory, and transition state theory, respectively, although the imprecise notion of ΔE, the energy needed to overcome the activation barrier, has a slightly d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO), also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO), is an amine oxide–based zwitterionic surfactant, with a C (dodecyl) alkyl tail. It is one of the most frequently-used surfactants of this type. Like other amine oxide–based surfactants it is antimicrobial, being effective against common ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
(AD 900–1500)
Utilitarian and ceremonial objects; objects of personal adornment
#Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas
#El Paredón, Chiapas
#Polol, Guatemala
#Santa Rita Corozal, Belize
#Nojpetén, Guatemala
#Tikal, Guatemala
#Yaxhá, Guatemala
#Palenque, Chiapas
#Wild Cane Cay, Belize
#Lamanai, Belize | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1890, Sergei Winogradsky proposed a novel type of life process called "anorgoxydant". His discovery suggested that some microbes could live solely on inorganic matter and emerged during his physiological research in the 1880s in Strasbourg and Zürich on sulfur, iron, and nitrogen bacteria.
In 1897, Wilhelm Pfeffer c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transition metal complexes often have spectacular colors caused by electronic transitions by the absorption of light. For this reason they are often applied as pigments. Most transitions that are related to colored metal complexes are either d–d transitions or charge transfer bands. In a d–d transition, an electron in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some of the largest antidunes on Earth are formed by turbidity currents. One observed sediment-wave field is located on the lower continental slope off Guyana, South America. This sediment-wave field covers an area of at least 29 000 km at a water depth of 4400–4825 meters. These antidunes have wavelengths of 110–260... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2-Methoxypropene is an ether with the chemical formula CHO. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis to introduce a protecting group for alcohols, and the conversion diols to the acetonide group.
2-Methoxypropene can be prepared by the elimination of methanol from dimethoxypropane, or by the addition of methanol to p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyproterone is a steroidal antiandrogen that competitively inhibits the binding of testosterone or DHT to AR. Cyproterone binds to ARs that are expressed by prostate cancer cells as well as to the AR that are expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Therefore, cyproterone blocks the negative feedback of androgens a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Anomeric effect
* Carbohydrate
* Carbohydrate conformation
* Disaccharide
* Glycosidic bond
* Monosaccharide
* Polysaccharide | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the English literature this reaction is sometimes called Baeyer–Drewsn reaction, although the author of the original paper was spelled Drewsn. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some quinones, and phenoxynaphthacene quinone in particular, have photochromicity resulting from the ability of the phenyl group to migrate from one oxygen atom to another. Quinones with good thermal stability have been prepared, and they also have the additional feature of redox activity, leading to the construction o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Closely related is mmCIF, macromolecular CIF, which is intended as an successor to the Protein Data Bank (PDB) format. It is now the default format used by the Protein Data Bank.
Also closely related is Crystallographic Information Framework, a broader system of exchange protocols based on data dictionaries and relatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A total synthesis reported by Eli Lilly and the University of Southampton in 2007 also starts from isovanillin. The aldehyde group in its derivative 1 is converted to its amine by reductive amination with methylamine which is then protected as a BOC group in 2. The remainder of the carbon framework is added with chira... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In vehicles, a ducted fan is a method of propulsion in which a fan, propeller or rotor is surrounded by an aerodynamic duct or shroud which enhances its performance to create aerodynamic thrust or lift to transport the vehicle. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyanobacteria use the energy of sunlight to drive photosynthesis, a process where the energy of light is used to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide. Because they are aquatic organisms, they typically employ several strategies which are collectively known as a " concentrating mechanism" to aid in the acqui... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The largest risk when using a separating funnel is that of pressure build-up. Pressure accumulates during mixing if a gas evolving reaction or physical change occurs. This problem can be easily handled by simply opening the stopper at the top of the funnel routinely while mixing. More standard procedure is to invert th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Frzb (pronounced like the toy frisbee) is a Wnt-binding protein especially important in embryonic development. It is a competitor for the cell-surface G-protein receptor Frizzled.
Frizzled is a tissue polarity gene in Drosophila melanogaster and encodes integral proteins that function as cell-surface receptors for Wnts... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Salts of ATP can be isolated as colorless solids.
ATP is stable in aqueous solutions between pH 6.8 and 7.4 (in the absence of catalysts). At more extreme pH levels, it rapidly hydrolyses to ADP and phosphate. Living cells maintain the ratio of ATP to ADP at a point ten orders of magnitude from equilibrium, with ATP c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If the data for different samples are going to be contrasted with each other, one can perform downsampling on the reads to achieve comparability. The reported sequencing coverage depth for reasonable analysis results was reported as bigger than 500 folds, thus any sample whose mean sequencing depth does not exceed the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
T5 retrofit conversion can maintain existing lighting levels with the higher efficiency of the T5 lamp. However, with kits that operates the lamp on the existing magnetic ballast, the efficiency drops and the lamp life is considerably shortened, as T5 lamps aren't designed to be operated on mains frequency but only on ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polysubstituted benzenes were originally synthesized by substitution reactions on aromatic precursors. However, these reactions can have low regioselectivity and are prone to over substitution. Directed ortho metalation requires precursors that are often unstable to metallating reagents. Both these synthetic routes pos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of theoretical plates or trays applies to other processes as well, such as capillary electrophoresis and some types of adsorption. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ChIP-on-chip (also known as ChIP-chip) is a technology that combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with DNA microarray ("chip"). Like regular ChIP, ChIP-on-chip is used to investigate interactions between proteins and DNA in vivo. Specifically, it allows the identification of the cistrome, the sum of binding sit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A library is often prepared by random fragmentation of DNA and ligation of common adaptor sequences. However, the generated short reads challenge the identification of structural variants, such as indels, translocations, and duplication. Large regions of simple repeats can further complicate the alignment. Alternativel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The loss of the in 1978 provided some of the first physical evidence of the existence of rogue waves. München was a state-of-the-art cargo ship with multiple water-tight compartments and an expert crew. She was lost with all crew, and the wreck has never been found. The only evidence found was the starboard lifeboat r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Bjerrum length (after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum 1879–1958 ) is the separation at which the electrostatic interaction between two elementary charges is comparable in magnitude to the thermal energy scale, , where is the Boltzmann constant and is the absolute temperature in kelvins. This length scale arises na... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rust is associated with the degradation of iron-based tools and structures. As rust has a much higher volume than the originating mass of iron, its buildup can also cause failure by forcing apart adjacent parts — a phenomenon sometimes known as "rust packing". It was the cause of the collapse of the Mianus river bridge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Real material systems always incorporate disorder. Examples are structural defects in the lattice or disorder due to variations of the chemical composition. Their treatment is extremely challenging for microscopic theories due to the lack of detailed knowledge about perturbations of the ideal structure. Thus, the i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemistry:
* Inorganic chemistry
* Analytical chemistry
* Organic chemistry
* Physical chemistry
* Colloid chemistry
Chemical technology:
* Chemistry and Technology of basic organic and petrochemical synthesis
* Chemistry and Technology of organometallic compounds
* Chemical technology of natural energy and carbon mate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The desalinated water is stabilized to protect downstream pipelines and storage, usually by adding lime or caustic soda to prevent corrosion of concrete-lined surfaces. Liming material is used to adjust pH between 6.8 and 8.1 to meet the potable water specifications, primarily for effective disinfection and for corrosi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are attempts to provide partition coefficients for drugs at a single-cell level. This strategy requires methods for the determination of concentrations in individual cells, i.e., with Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy or quantitative Image analysis. Partition coefficient at a single-cell level provides inform... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barium nitrite can be made by reacting barium nitrate with lead metal sponge, or by reaction of lead nitrite with barium chloride. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Modafinil and armodafinil were studied as a complement to antipsychotic medications in the treatment of schizophrenia. They showed no effect on positive symptoms or cognitive performance. A 2015 meta-analysis found that modafinil and armodafinil may slightly reduce negative symptoms in people with acute schizophrenia, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charles Hatchett was born in Long Acre, London to John Hatchett (1729–1806), and Elizabeth Hatchett. John Hatchett was "(one of) the coachbuilders of London of the greatest celebrity". He later became a magistrate in Hammersmith. Charles Hatchett attended a private school, Fountayne's, in Marylebone Park, and was a sel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Other factors such as iron-rich dust influx from large desert areas such as the Sahara are thought to play a role in causing HABs. Some algal blooms on the Pacific coast have also been linked to natural occurrences of large-scale climatic oscillations such as El Niño events. HABs are also linked to heavy rainfall. Alth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The TRH test involves administration of a small amount of TRH intravenously, following which levels of TSH will be measured at several subsequent time points using samples of blood taken from a peripheral vein.
The test is used in the differential diagnosis of secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism. First, blood is dra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A carbon source is a carbon-containing molecule that is used by an organism to synthesise biomass. Such sources may be organic or inorganic. Heterotrophs must use organic molecules as a source of both carbon and energy. In contrast, autotrophs may use inorganic materials as a source for both, such as inorganic chemical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The traditional approach to supramolecular catalysts focuses on the design of macromolecular receptor with appropriately placed catalytic functional groups. These catalysts are often inspired by the structure of enzymes with the catalytic group mimicking reactive amino acid residues, but unlike real enzymes, the bindi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Escitalopram, sold under the brand names Lexapro and Cipralex, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. Escitalopram is mainly used to treat major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. It is taken by mouth, available commercially as an oxalate salt e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As opposed to DNA gene editing techniques (e.g., using CRISPR-Cas proteins to make modifications directly to a defective gene), LEAPER targets editing messenger RNA (mRNA) for the same gene which is transcribed into a protein. Post-transcriptional RNA modification typically involves the strategy of converting adenosine... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Positive displacement flowmeters are very accurate and have high turndown. They can be used in very viscous, dirty and corrosive fluids and essentially require no straight runs of pipe for fluid flow stream conditioning though pressure drop can be an issue. They are widely used in the custody transfer of oils and liq... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Without adharmastikaay, rest and stability is not possible in the universe. The principle of rest helps matter and the sentient that are liable to stay without moving, like the shade helps travellers. It does not stabilize those that move. According to Champat Rai Jain: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electroanalytical methods measure the electric potential in volts and/or the electric current in amps in an electrochemical cell containing the analyte. These methods can be categorized according to which aspects of the cell are controlled and which are measured. The three main categories are potentiometry (the differe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
C plants capture carbon dioxide in their mesophyll cells (using an enzyme called phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase which catalyzes the combination of carbon dioxide with a compound called phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)), forming oxaloacetate. This oxaloacetate is then converted to malate and is transported into the bundle she... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
;1605:Sir Francis Bacon publishes The Proficience and Advancement of Learning, which contains a description of what would later be known as the scientific method.
;1605:Michal Sedziwój publishes the alchemical treatise A New Light of Alchemy which proposed the existence of the "food of life" within air, much later reco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Grain refinement, also known as inoculation, is the set of techniques used to implement grain boundary strengthening in metallurgy. The specific techniques and corresponding mechanisms will vary based on what materials are being considered.
One method for controlling grain size in aluminum alloys is by introducing part... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In his later years, Ghiorso continued research toward finding superheavy elements, fusion energy, and innovative electron beam sources. He was a non-participating co-author of the experiments in 1999 that gave evidence of elements 116 and 118, which later turned out to be a case of scientific fraud perpetrated by the f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organic compounds may be classified in a variety of ways. One major distinction is between natural and synthetic compounds. Organic compounds can also be classified or subdivided by the presence of heteroatoms, e.g., organometallic compounds, which feature bonds between carbon and a metal, and organophosphorus compound... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Numerous reports have been published indicating that the glutamate/GABA–glutamine cycle is compromised in a variety of neurological disorders and conditions. Biopsies of sclerotic hippocampus tissue from human subjects with epilepsy have shown decreased glutamate–glutamine cycling. Another pathology in which the glutam... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Apparent quantities can underline interactions in electrolyte – non-electrolyte systems which show interactions like salting in and salting out, but also give insights in ion-ion interactions, especially by their dependence on temperature. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the remarkable features of plasma electrolyte coatings is the presence of micro pores and cracks on the coating surface. Plasma electrolytic oxide coatings are generally recognized for high hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, the coating properties are highly dependent on the substrate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Knowledge base annotation is done based on the information of gene attribute, protein function and its metabolism. In this type of annotation more emphasis is given to genetic variation that disrupts the protein function domain, protein-protein interaction and biological pathway. The non-coding region of genome contain... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When red blood cells reach the end of their life due to aging or defects, they are removed from the circulation by the phagocytic activity of macrophages in the spleen or the liver or hemolyze within the circulation. Free hemoglobin is then cleared from the circulation via the hemoglobin transporter CD163, which is exc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diazomethane and the safer analogue trimethylsilyldiazomethane methylate carboxylic acids, phenols, and even alcohols:
The method offers the advantage that the side products are easily removed from the product mixture. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is one of the many agencies that work with environmental engineers to solve key issues. An important component of EPA's mission is to protect and improve air, water, and overall environmental quality in order to avoid or mitigate the consequences of harmful effects. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) is an annual academic competition for high school students. It is one of the International Science Olympiads. The first IChO was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1968. The event has been held every year since then, with the exception of 1971. The delegations that attended t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tissue engineering of oral mucosa combines cells, materials and engineering to produce a three-dimensional reconstruction of oral mucosa. It is meant to simulate the real anatomical structure and function of oral mucosa. Tissue engineered oral mucosa shows promise for clinical use, such as the replacement of soft tissu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Research on the atomic weight of oxygen conducted by Edward Morley at Case Western Reserve University, published in 1895
*Nylon, the first totally synthetic fiber used in consumer products, commercialized by DuPont in 1939
*First U.S. facility to produce acetyl chemicals commercially using coal gasification technology... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be sent to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The folding of proteins from a primary (linear) sequence of amino acids to a three-dimensional structure is directed by all types of non-covalent interactions, including the hydrophobic forces and formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Three-dimensional structures of proteins, including the secondary and tertiary... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two coils in an anti-Helmholtz configuration are used to generate a weak quadrupolar magnetic field; here, we will consider the coils as being separated along the -axis. In the proximity of the field zero, located halfway between the two coils along the -direction, the field gradient is uniform and the field itself var... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Huntington's disease occurs when the cytosolic protein Huntingtin (Htt) has an additional 35 glutamine residues added to its amino terminal region. This modified form of Htt is called Htt. Htt makes Type 1 IP receptors more sensitive to IP, which leads to the release of too much Ca from the ER. The release of Ca from t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
P. rubens is a common fungus of indoor environment. Along with Cladosporium halotolerans and Aspergillus niger, it is one of the nuisance moulds when humidity is high. It is the most resilient mould as it needs less water for growth and propagation. It has a soft and velvety surface. The spore-bearing filaments, conidi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The metabolism of drospirenone is extensive. It is metabolized into the acid form of drospirenone by opening of its lactone ring. The medication is also metabolized by reduction of its double bond between the C4 and C5 positions and subsequent sulfation. The two major metabolites of drospirenone are drospirenone acid a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A wide variety of absorption band and line shapes exist, and the analysis of the band or line shape can be used to determine information about the system that causes it. In many cases it is convenient to assume that a narrow spectral line is a Lorentzian or Gaussian, depending respectively on the decay mechanism or tem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Feringa received his MSc degree with distinction from the University of Groningen in 1974. He subsequently obtained a PhD degree at the same university in 1978, with the thesis titled "Asymmetric oxidation of phenols. Atropisomerism and optical activity". Following a short period at Shell in the Netherlands and the Un... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The history of the periodic table is also a history of the discovery of the chemical elements. The first person in recorded history to discover a new element was Hennig Brand, a bankrupt German merchant. Brand tried to discover the philosophers stone—a mythical object that was supposed to turn inexpensive base metals i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paucimannosidic proteins have been reported in vertebrates such as quail, chicken and in mammals, encompassing a limited diversity of paucimannosidic glycan structures. Early findings reported on paucimannosidic glycans on lysosomal glycoproteins in domestic animals. and human tissues, but have subsequently been found ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them into complexes. In such pathways, they regulate signal transduction and he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are three types of sweat glands: eccrine, apocrine, and apoeccrine. Apocrine glands are primarily responsible for body malodor and, along with apoeccrine glands, are mostly expressed in the axillary (underarm) regions, whereas eccrine glands are distributed throughout virtually all of the rest of the skin in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first RBC was installed in West Germany in 1959, later it was introduced in the United States and Canada. In the United States, rotating biological contactors are used for industries producing wastewaters high in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (e.g., petroleum industry and dairy industry). In the UK, the first GRP... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flutamide has been studied in the treatment of bulimia nervosa in women.
Flutamide was found to be effective in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in men with comorbid Tourette's syndrome in one small randomized controlled trial. Conversely, it was ineffective in patients with OCD in another study. Mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
James A. Rafferty, Vice President, Officers Committee member, Director, and member of the executive committee of Union Carbide, was an important figure in the petrochemical industry. Rafferty guided Union Carbides effort in developing the new industry of synthetic aliphatic chemicals (aliphatic compounds are one of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Considering a two dimensional flow in the plane, the flow velocity at any point at time can be expressed as – | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Direct energy conversion (DEC) or simply direct conversion converts a charged particle's kinetic energy into a voltage. It is a scheme for power extraction from nuclear fusion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.