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Silicon isotope biogeochemistry is the study of environmental processes using the relative abundance of Si isotopes. As the relative abundance of Si stable isotopes varies among different natural materials, the differences in abundance can be used to trace the source of Si, and to study biological, geological, and chem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The engine is brought up to speed with the drive to the propeller engaged and with the Kitchen rudder in the "neutral" position. This is a position where an equal quantity of thrust is aimed forward and aft. Each vessel will have a unique "neutral" position. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If the reaction equation is balanced, that does not mean that the reaction really occurs. The rate at which reactions occur depends on the energy and the flux of the incident particles, and the reaction cross section. An example of a large repository of reaction rates is the REACLIB database, as maintained by the Joint... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Evidence suggests that manganese (Mn) was first incorporated into biological systems roughly 3.2–2.8 billion years ago, during the Archean Period. Together with calcium, it formed the manganese-calcium oxide complex (determined by X-ray diffraction) which consisted of a manganese cluster, essentially an inorganic cuban... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Algenol system which is being commercialized by BioFields in Puerto Libertad, Sonora, Mexico utilizes seawater and industrial exhaust to produce ethanol. Porphyridium cruentum also have shown to be potentially suitable for ethanol production due to its capacity for accumulating large amount of carbohydrates. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Double layer interactions are relevant in a wide number of phenomena. These forces are responsible for swelling of clays. They may also be responsible for the stabilization of colloidal suspension and will prevent particle aggregation of highly charged colloidal particles in aqueous suspensions. At low salt concentrati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When capillary waves are also affected substantially by gravity, they are called gravity–capillary waves. Their dispersion relation reads, for waves on the interface between two fluids of infinite depth:
where is the acceleration due to gravity, and are the mass density of the two fluids . The factor in the first t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some coactivators indirectly regulate gene expression by binding to an activator and inducing a conformational change that then allows the activator to bind to the DNA enhancer or promoter sequence. Once the activator-coactivator complex binds to the enhancer, RNA polymerase II and other general transcription machinery... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paired-end tags (PET) (sometimes "Paired-End diTags", or simply "ditags") are the short sequences at the 5’ and 3 ends of a DNA fragment which are unique enough that they (theoretically) exist together only once in a genome, therefore making the sequence of the DNA in between them available upon search (if full-genome ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution, driven by human dependence on water, meteorological condi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cefuroxime is active against many bacteria including susceptible strains of Staphylococci and Streptococci, as well as a range of gram negative organisms. As with the other cephalosporins, it is susceptible to beta-lactamase, although as a second-generation variety, it is less so. Hence, it may have greater activity ag... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal was established as the Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical in 1966. In 1972, the journal was divided into three separate journals: Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (covering inorganic and organometallic chemistry), Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One category of reactions under Curtin–Hammett control includes transformations in which the more stable conformer reacts more quickly. This occurs when the transition state from the major intermediate to its respective product is lower in energy than the transition state from the minor intermediate to the other possib... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal covers developments in fundamental and applied research into science related to clinical laboratories. It covers areas such as clinical biochemistry, molecular medicine, hematology, immunology, microbiology, virology, drug measurement, genetic epidemiology, evaluation of diagnostic markers, new reagents and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The enzymatic process that produces heme is properly called porphyrin synthesis, as all the intermediates are tetrapyrroles that are chemically classified as porphyrins. The process is highly conserved across biology. In humans, this pathway serves almost exclusively to form heme. In bacteria, it also produces more com... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. Organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents because the cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plastids are thought to be descended from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. The primary endosymbiotic event of the Archaeplastida is hypothesized to have occurred around 1.5 billion years ago and enabled eukaryotes to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. Three evolutionary lineages in the Archaeplastida have since emerged in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the laboratory, cobalt(II) chloride serves as a common precursor to other cobalt compounds. Generally, diluted aqueous solutions of the salt behave like other cobalt(II) salts since these solutions consist of the ion regardless of the anion. For example, such solutions give a precipitate of cobalt sulfide upon tre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solvophoresis is a spontaneous motion of dispersed particles in a mixed solvent induced by a gradient of solvent concentration. Solvophoresis was experimentally established by Marek Kosmulski and Egon Matijevic. Solvophoresis is similar to diffusiophoresis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A telluroketone is an analog of a ketone in which the oxygen atom has been replaced by a tellurium atom. This change makes the functional group less stable, requiring greater steric and electronic stabilization. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
YcaO is a protein found in bacteria which is involved in the synthesis of thiazole/oxazole modified microcin antibiotics, such as bottromycin. YcaO performs ATP dependent cyclodehydration to form the oxazole and thiazole moieties of the microcin.
The YcaO name origin is from a gene naming rubric that was established fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The enthalpies of formation of some Donor-I adducts are listed below. I is a Lewis acid classified as a soft acid and its acceptor properties are discussed in the ECW model. The relative acceptor strength of I toward a series of bases, versus other Lewis acids, can be illustrated by C-B plots. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Addition of achiral allylmetals to aldehydes forms a chiral alcohol, the stereochemical outcome of this reaction is determined by the chirality of the α-carbon on the aldehyde substrate (Figure "Substrate control: addition of achiral allylmetals to α-chiral aldehydes"). The allylmetal reagents used include boron, tin a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A 2022 study by researchers from the Mayo Clinic, Maastricht University, and Ethris GmBH, a biotech company that focuses on RNA therapeutics, found that chemically modified mRNA encoding BMP-2 promoted dosage-dependent healing of femoral osteotomies in male rats. The mRNA molecules were complexed within nonviral lipid ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The George E. Davis Medal is a medal of the IChemE given not more frequently than every three years, for achievements in chemical engineering. It is named after George E. Davis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Major developments: Gunpowder is utilized in Chinese warfare and an assortment of gunpowder weapons appear. Fire arrows utilizing gunpowder as an incendiary appear in the early 900s and possibly rocket arrows as well by the end of the century. The gunpowder slow match is used for igniting flame throwers. The ancestor o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sonication has numerous effects, both chemical and physical. The scientific field concerned with understanding the effect of sonic waves on chemical systems is called sonochemistry. The chemical effects of ultrasound do not come from a direct interaction with molecular species. Studies have shown that no direct couplin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Indenyl like effects are also observed in a number of non indenyl substituted metal complexes. In fluorenyl complexes, associative substitution is enhanced even further than indenyl compounds. The substitution rate of Mn(η-CH)(CO) is about 60 times faster than that of Mn(η-CH)(CO)
Veiros conducted a study comparing t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Numerous studies have been dedicated towards the development of effective methods to enable cardiac tissue regeneration in patients after ischemic heart disease. An emerging approach to answer the problems related to ischemic tissue repair is through the use of stem cell-based therapy. However, the actual mechanism due... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another type of topographic contrast, extinction contrast, is slightly more complex. While the two above variants are explicable in simple terms based on geometrical theory (basically, the Bragg law) or kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction, extinction contrast can be understood based on dynamical theory.
Qualitative... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photoactivated guanylyl cyclases have been discovered in the aquatic fungi Blastocladiella emersonii and Catenaria anguillulae. Unlike PACs, these light-activated cyclases use retinal as their light sensor and are therefore rhodopsin guanylyl cyclases (RhGC). When expressed in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian neurons, RhGC... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All eukaryotes use G proteins for signaling and have evolved a large diversity of G proteins. For instance, humans encode 18 different G proteins, 5 G proteins, and 12 G proteins. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are various organizations founded for the purpose of storing and analyzing DNA sample. For example; The UK Biobank contains DNA samples of 500,000 individuals aged between 40 and 69 when their samples were taken in the years 2006-2010 . The Human DNA Bank India at Lucknow city, the Asias first [https://www.dnaind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition to the specialisation factories have for the type of RNA polymerase they contain, there is a further level of specialisation present. There are some factories that only transcribe a certain set of related genes, this further strengthens the concept that the main function of a transcription factory is for tr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The names of esters that are formed from an alcohol and an acid, are derived from the parent alcohol and the parent acid, where the latter may be organic or inorganic. Esters derived from the simplest carboxylic acids are commonly named according to the more traditional, so-called "trivial names" e.g. as formate, aceta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Beta decay can be considered as a perturbation as described in quantum mechanics, and thus Fermi's Golden Rule can be applied. This leads to an expression for the kinetic energy spectrum of emitted betas as follows:
where is the kinetic energy, is a shape function that depends on the forbiddenness of the decay (it i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For the case of a sphere in a uniform far field flow, it is advantageous to use a cylindrical coordinate system . The –axis is through the centre of the sphere and aligned with the mean flow direction, while is the radius as measured perpendicular to the –axis. The origin is at the sphere centre. Because the flow is a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The H. G. Smith Memorial Award is the premier award of the RACI. It is awarded annually to a member who has contributed most to the development of some branch of chemical science, judged by research work published or accepted for publication during the ten years (or equivalent relative to opportunity) preceding the awa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The good quantum numbers for a diatomic molecule, as well as good approximations of rotational energy levels, can be obtained by modeling the molecule using Hund's cases. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluorenylidene can be produced by photolysis of 9-diazofluorene (DAF).
Ultra-fast (300 fs) time resolved laser-flash photolysis of DAF implicates a four-step process in the formation of fluorenylidene by irradiation of 9-diazofluorene.
# Irradiation of DAF initially yields an excited singlet state diazofluorene mole... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Complex glycans possess a multitude of overlapping signals, especially in a proton spectrum. Therefore, it is advantageous to utilize 2D experiments for the assignment of signals.
The table and figures below list most widespread NMR techniques used in carbohydrate studies. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barium is formed in large amounts by the fission process. A short-lived barium isotope was confused with radium by some early workers. They were bombarding uranium with neutrons in an attempt to form a new element. But instead they caused fission which generated a large amount of radioactivity in the target. Because th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bernoullis principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoullis principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or the fluids potential energy. The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a soap bubble is in contact with a solid or a liquid surface wetting is observed. On a solid surface, the contact angle of the bubble depends on the surface energy of the solid., A soap bubble has a larger contact angle on a solid surface displaying ultrahydrophobicity than on a hydrophilic surface – see Wetting. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to World War I, work on synthetic organic chemistry in the United States had been quite limited, and most of the reagents used in laboratories had to be imported from Europe. When export stoppages and trade embargoes cut off this source, Clarence Derick, a professor of chemistry at University of Illinois at Urban... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy, introduced by Albrecht, Grütter, Horne and Rugar in 1991,
is a mode of nc-AFM where the change in resonant frequency of the sensor is tracked directly, by always exciting the sensor on resonance. To maintain excitation on resonance the electronics must keep a 90° phase dif... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In November 2005 expert evidence was submitted to the High Court in London by the mothers of thirty children who claimed that during their pregnancies they were exposed to contamination from the waste removal operations and who sought to bring a legal action to try to prove a link between the mismanagement of the toxic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The regulation of Snf3 in S. cerevisiae and its downstream events are still poorly understood, but it seems clear that a second glucose sensor Rgt2 influences Snf3 and vice versa. Furthermore, it is unclear whether these two proteins sense the glucose concentration on the outside or inside the cell. Snf3 and Rgt2 inf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The MCHO group is planar. A C=O double bond is indicated by X-ray crystallography. A second resonance structure has a M=C double bond, with negative charge on oxygen. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An alternative preparation of Grignard reagents involves transfer of Mg from a preformed Grignard reagent to an organic halide. Other organomagnesium reagents are used as well. This method offers the advantage that the Mg transfer tolerates many functional groups. An illustrative reaction involves isopropylmagnesium ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most processed polymer mixes consist of a dispersed phase in a more continuous matrix of the other component. The formation, size, and concentration of this disperse phase are typically optimized for specific mechanical properties. If the morphology is not stabilized, the dispersed phase may coalesce under heat or stre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supercritical water oxidation uses supercritical water as a medium in which to oxidize hazardous waste, eliminating production of toxic combustion products that burning can produce.
The waste product to be oxidised is dissolved in the supercritical water along with molecular oxygen (or an oxidising agent that gives up ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxaziridine derivatives were first reported in the mid-1950s by Emmons and subsequently by Krimm and Horner and Jürgens. Whereas oxygen and nitrogen typically act as nucleophiles due to their high electronegativity, oxaziridines allow for electrophilic transfer of both heteroatoms. This unusual reactivity is due to the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atoms that have an almost full or almost empty valence shell tend to be very reactive. Strongly electronegative atoms (such as halogens) often have only one or two empty electron states in their valence shell, and frequently bond with other atoms or gain electrons to form anions. Weakly electronegative atoms (such as a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydraulic systems use high fluid pressure, such as the hydraulic actuators for bulldozers and backhoes. Their hydraulic fittings are designed and rated for much greater pressure than that experienced in general piping systems, and they are generally not compatible with those used in plumbing. Hydraulic fittings are des... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DCCC has been employed to separate a wide variety of phytochemicals from their crude extracts. The long list of natural product separations includes: saponins, alkaloids, senna glycosides, monosaccarides, triterpene glycosides, flavone glycosides, xanthones, iridoid glycosides, vitamin B, lignans, imbricatolic acid, ga... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Imipenem (trade name Primaxin among others) is a synthetic β-lactam antibiotic belonging to the carbapenems chemical class. developed by Merck scientists Burton Christensen, William Leanza, and Kenneth Wildonger in the mid-1970s. Carbapenems are highly resistant to the β-lactamase enzymes produced by many multiple drug... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rivers whose discharge is liable to become quite small at their low stage, or which have a somewhat large fall, as is usual in the upper part of rivers, cannot be given an adequate depth for navigation purely by works which regulate the flow; their ordinary summer level has to be raised by impounding the flow with weir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In materials science and biology, capillary condensation is the "process by which multilayer adsorption from the vapor [phase] into a porous medium proceeds to the point at which pore spaces become filled with condensed liquid from the vapor [phase]." The unique aspect of capillary condensation is that vapor condensati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) are a type of RNA. which is usually defined as transcripts which are lesser than 200 base-pairs in length and not translated into proteins. This limitation distinguishes sncRNA from lncRNA. This class includes but is not limited to microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNA velocity is based on bridging measurements to a underlying mechanism, mRNA splicing, with two modes indicating the current and future state. It is a method used to predict the future gene expression of a cell based on the measurement of both spliced and unspliced transcripts of mRNA.
RNA velocity could be used to i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MOSE consists of rows of mobile gates on the seabed at the three inlets that can be raised to temporarily seal off the lagoon from the sea during high tide. There are 78 gates grouped into four barrier rows. At the Lido inlet, the widest, there are two barrier rows of 21 and 20 gates, respectively, linked by an artific... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compared with single-phase heat transfer, heat transfer with a phase change is an effective way of heat transfer. It generally has high value of heat transfer coefficient due to the large value of latent heat of phase change followed by induced mixing of the flow. Boiling and condensation heat transfers are concerned w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In waste water treatment, the most commonly used adsorbent is granular activated carbon (GAC), often used as to treat both liquid and gas phase volatile organic compounds and organic pollutants. Activated carbon beds vary in lifetime depending on the concentration of the pollutant(s) being removed, their associated ads... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depending on the organism, an archaeon may use a bacteria-like HU system or a eukaryote-like nucleosome system for packaging. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemokine receptors associate with G-proteins to transmit cell signals following ligand binding. Activation of G proteins, by chemokine receptors, causes the subsequent activation of an enzyme known as phospholipase C (PLC). PLC cleaves a molecule called phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) into two second me... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shape-memory alloys are applied in medicine, for example, as fixation devices for osteotomies in orthopaedic surgery, as the actuator in surgical tools; active steerable surgical needles for minimally invasive percutaneous cancer interventions in the surgical procedures such as biopsy and brachytherapy, in dental brac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sensor-based sorting equipment supplier with large installed base in the industries mining, recycling and food. Tomras sensor-based sorting equipment and services for the precious metals and base metals segment are marketed through a cooperation agreement with Outotec from Finland, which brings the extensive comminut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Though the specific mechanisms by which paramutation acts vary from organism to organism, all well-documented cases point towards epigenetic modification and RNA-silencing as the underlying mechanism for paramutation.
In the case of the r1 locus in maize, DNA methylation of a region of tandem repeats near the coding re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fMRS, depending on the focus of the study, either single-voxel or multi-voxel spectroscopic technique can be used.
In single-voxel fMRS the selection of the volume of interest (VOI) is often done by running a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study prior to fMRS to localize the brain region activated by t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In homogeneous photocatalysis, the reactants and the photocatalysts exist in the same phase. The process by which the atmosphere self-cleans and removes large organic compounds is a gas phase homogenous photocatalysis reaction. The ozone process is often referenced when developing many photocatalysts:
Most homogeneous ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An Ubbelohde type viscometer or suspended-level viscometer is a measuring instrument which uses a capillary based method of measuring viscosity. It is recommended for higher viscosity cellulosic polymer solutions. The advantage of this instrument is that the values obtained are independent of the total volume. The dev... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When κa is between large values where simple analytical models are available, and low values where numerical calculations are valid, Henrys equation can be used when the zeta potential is low. For a nonconducting sphere, Henrys equation is , where f is the Henry function, one of a collection of functions which vary sm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An example of a mineral containing hydroxyl groups is garnet. Garnet is an anhydrous mineral commonly analyzed within geological subdisciplines because of its general stability. One study analyzed the presence of garnets within the upper mantle through infrared spectroscopy and showed absorption at approximately 3500 c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction, facilitating multistep organic synthesis.
*Boc for the t-butoxycarbonyl group
*Cbz or Z for the carboxybenzyl group
*Fmoc for the fluorenylmet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After finishing school, Hammond began working at Howe & Leeds Wholesale West India Goods Store on Boston's Long Wharf. The same year, he became a clerk with J. W. Blodgett & Co.
Hammond attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a special student on the chemistry of paper manufacturing.
After moving to Maine... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Within a long region of genomic sequence, genes are often characterised by having a higher GC-content in contrast to the background GC-content for the entire genome. There is evidence that the length of the coding region of a gene is directly proportional to higher G+C content. This has been pointed to the fact that th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TNO (gastro-) Intestinal Models (“TIM”) are model systems mimicking the digestive tract. The models are dynamic computer controlled multi-compartmental systems with adjustable parameters for the physiological conditions of the stomach and intestine. Temperature, peristalsis, bile secretion, secretion of saliva, stomach... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in civil engineering and chemical engineering to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amoun... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The spinthariscope was invented by William Crookes in 1903. While observing the apparently uniform fluorescence on a zinc sulfide screen created by the radioactive emissions (mostly alpha radiation) of a sample of radium bromide, he spilled some of the sample, and, owing to its extreme rarity and cost, he was eager to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Fulbright Scholar in Marine Resources, Portugal (2020)
*A.G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in Marine Science (2019)
* Fellow, American Geophysical Union (2018)
* Fellow, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO, 2016)
* Dansgaard Award, AGU mid-career Paleoceanography Award (2015)
*Fellow, Geo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dna2 endonuclease does not have a specific structure and their properties are not well characterized, but could be referred as single-stranded DNA with free ends (ssDNA). Dna2 endonuclease is essential to cleave long DNA flaps that leave FEN1 during the Okazaki Process. Dna2 endonuclease is responsible for the removal ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyclopropyl cyanide, when heated to 660-760K and under pressure of 2-89torr, becomes cis and trans crotonitrile and allyl cyanide molecules, with some presence of methacrylonitrile. This is an isomerization reaction that is homogeneous with rate of first order. The reaction result is due to the biradical mechanism, wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alexander Nikolayevich Nesmeyanov (; – 17 January 1980) was a Soviet chemist and academician (1943) specializing in organometallic chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 16th century marked the beginning of scientific understanding of electricity and magnetism that culminated with the production of electric power and the industrial revolution in the late 19th century.
In the 1550s, English scientist William Gilbert spent 17 years experimenting with magnetism and, to a lesser extent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mathematical models act as an important tool in various bio-reactor applications including wastewater treatment. These models are useful for planning efficient process control strategies and predicting the future plant performance. Moreover, these models are beneficial in education and research areas.
Bioreactors are g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Changes in ocean chemistry can have extensive direct and indirect effects on organisms and their habitats. One of the most important repercussions of increasing ocean acidity relates to the production of shells out of calcium carbonate (). This process is called calcification and is important to the biology and surviva... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Meropenem rapidly reduces serum concentrations of valproic acid. As a result, people who use valproic acid for epilepsy are at increased risk of seizures during treatment with meropenem. In situations where the use of meropenem cannot be avoided, prescription of an additional anticonvulsant should be considered. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*. For conservative case, this reduces to .
*. For conservative case, this reduces to .
*If the characteristic function is , where are two constants(have to satisfy ) and if is the nth moment of the H function, then we have
and | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The six criteria air pollutants were the first set of pollutants recognized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as needing standards on a national level. The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to set US National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the six CAPs. The NAAQS are health based and the EPA ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Demethylation (the transfer of the methyl group to another compound) is a common process, and reagents that undergo this reaction are called methylating agents. Common methylating agents are dimethyl sulfate, methyl iodide, and methyl triflate. Methanogenesis, the source of natural gas, arises via a demethylation react... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Optical depth measures the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power in a material. Attenuation can be caused by absorption, but also reflection, scattering, and other physical processes. Optical depth of a material is approximately equal to its attenuation when both the absorbance is much less than 1 and the emitta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sea salt is mentioned in the Vinaya Pitaka, a Buddhist scripture compiled in the mid-5th century BC. The principle of production is evaporation of the water from the sea brine. In warm and dry climates this may be accomplished entirely by using solar energy, but in other climates fuel sources have been used. Modern sea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tools and weapons, chisels and axe-heads, spearheads or dagger-blades, are the only surviving artifacts of the Copper Age, and do not show artistic treatment. But some Early Minoan pottery forms are plainly copied from metal prototypes, cups and jugs of simple construction and rather elaborate design. The cups are coni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Theodor W. Hänsch and John L. Hall shared half of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics for contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency-comb technique. The other half of the prize was awarded to Roy Glauber.
Also in 2005, the femtosecond comb technique was extended ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ability of pioneer factors to respond to extracellular signals to differentiate cell type has been studied as a potential component of hormone-dependent cancers. Hormones such as estrogen and IGFI are shown to increase pioneer factor concentration leading to a change in transcription. Known pioneer factors such a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphates are medicinal salts of phosphorus. Some phosphates, which help cure many urinary tract infections, are used to make urine more acidic. To avoid the development of calcium stones in the urinary tract, some phosphates are used. For patients who are unable to get enough phosphorus in their daily diet, phosphate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PBr is prepared by treating red phosphorus with bromine. An excess of phosphorus is used in order to prevent formation of PBr:
:P + 6 Br → 4 PBr
Because the reaction is highly exothermic, it is often conducted in the presence of a diluent such as PBr. Phosphorus tribromide is also generated in situ from red phospho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1997, several Georgian soldiers suffered radiation poisoning and burns. They were eventually traced back to training sources left abandoned, forgotten, and unlabeled after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. One was a caesium-137 pellet in a pocket of a shared jacket that released about 130,000 times the level of b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Reiner Salzer (Chair), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
*Martino Di Serio (Vice-Chair), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
*Ray Wallace (Secretary), Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
*a number of members | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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