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The procedure begins by making a cell lysate of the cells of interest. This lysate contains polysomes, monosomes (composed of one ribosome residing on an mRNA), the small (40S in eukaryotes) and large (60S in eukaryotes) ribosomal subunits, "free" mRNA and a host of other soluble cellular components.
The procedure cont... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phred was originally conceived in the early 1990s by Phil Green, then a professor at Washington University in St. Louis. LaDeana Hillier, Michael Wendl, David Ficenec, Tim Gleeson, Alan Blanchard, and Richard Mott also contributed to the codebase and algorithm. Green moved to University of Washington in the mid 1990s, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101294270 Васина Т. А.] Формирование горнозаводских округов в конце XVIII — первой половине XIX веков на территории современной Удмуртии // Научный диалог — 2019. — вып. 7. — С. 222—239. — ISSN 2227-1295 — [https://www.nauka-dialog.ru/jour/article/view/1254 doi:10.24224/2227-1295-2019-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH. Chemically, this happens when a proton donor gets added to the soil. The donor can be an acid, such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or carbonic acid. It can also be a compound such as aluminium sulfate, which reacts in the soil to release ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The earliest sewers were designed to carry street runoff away from inhabited areas and into surface waterways without treatment. Before the 19th century, it was commonplace to empty human waste receptacles, e.g., chamber pots, into town and city streets and slaughter animals in open street "shambles". The use of draft ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As hormones are defined functionally, not structurally, they may have diverse chemical structures. Hormones occur in multicellular organisms (plants, animals, fungi, brown algae, and red algae). These compounds occur also in unicellular organisms, and may act as signaling molecules however there is no agreement that th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The equations solved in this approach arise from the implicit time integration of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations.
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is computed by first calculating a residual value , resulting from spurious mass flux, then using this mass imbalance to get a new pressure value. The press... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radical disproportionation is often thought of as occurring in a linear fashion with the donor radical, the acceptor radical, and the atom being accepted all along the same axis. In fact, most disproportionation reactions do not require linear orientations in space. Molecules that are more sterically hindered require a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These compounds are bound together by metal-metal bonding as well as two kinds of ligands. Ligands that span the faces or edges of the M core are labeled L, for inner (innen in the original German description), and those ligands attached only to one metal are labeled outer, or L for ausser. Typically, the outer ligan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Its name is derived from the word “pigment” (P) and the presence of a major bleaching band centered around 680-685 nm in the flash-induced absorbance difference spectra of P680/ P680+•. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Laser snow is the precipitation through a chemical reaction, condensation and coagulation process, of clustered atoms or molecules, induced by passing a laser beam through certain gasses. It was first observed by Tam, Moe and Happer in 1975, and has since been noted in a number of gases. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is known that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors also appear on the pre-synaptic membrane of somatic neurons in the neuro-muscular junction, where they are involved in the regulation of acetylcholine release. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cosmogenic nuclides (or cosmogenic isotopes) are rare nuclides (isotopes) created when a high-energy cosmic ray interacts with the nucleus of an in situ Solar System atom, causing nucleons (protons and neutrons) to be expelled from the atom (see cosmic ray spallation). These nuclides are produced within Earth materials... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Micelles form only when the concentration of surfactant is greater than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and the temperature of the system is greater than the critical micelle temperature, or Krafft temperature. The formation of micelles can be understood using thermodynamics: Micelles can form spontaneously b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a long time, it was normal procedure for a decommissioned blast furnace to be demolished and either be replaced with a newer, improved one, or to have the entire site demolished to make room for follow-up use of the area. In recent decades, several countries have realized the value of blast furnaces as a part of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ability to produce chemical state information, i.e. the local bonding environment of an atomic species in question from the topmost few nanometers of the sample makes XPS a unique and valuable tool for understanding the chemistry of the surface. The local bonding environment is affected by the formal oxidation stat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A free concentration [A] or activity {A} of a species A is measured by means of an ion selective electrode such as the glass electrode. If the electrode is calibrated using activity standards it is assumed that the Nernst equation applies in the form
where is the standard electrode potential. When buffer solutions of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is used in organic synthesis. One example is in the Perkin synthesis: the formation of unsaturated cinnamic-type acids by the condensation of aromatic aldehydes with fatty acids. Replacement of the commonly used sodium acetate with caesium acetate has been shown to improve yields by up to 10 times.
It is often used ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The endocannabinoid system is by molecular phylogenetic distribution of apparently ancient lipids in the plant kingdom, indicative of biosynthetic plasticity and potential physiological roles of endocannabinoid-like lipids in plants, and detection of arachidonic acid (AA) indicates chemotaxonomic connections between mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, a barotropic fluid is a fluid whose density is a function of pressure only. The barotropic fluid is a useful model of fluid behavior in a wide variety of scientific fields, from meteorology to astrophysics.
The density of most liquids is nearly constant (isopycnic), so it can be stated that their den... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
High-angle grain boundaries, which have large misorientations between adjacent grains, tend to have higher interfacial energy and are more effective in impeding dislocation motion. In contrast, low-angle grain boundaries with small misorientations and lower interfacial energy may allow for easier dislocation transmissi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Symptoms following bee sting may include:
*Local effects: burning or stinging pain, swelling, redness.
*Severe systemic reactions: swelling of the tongue and throat, difficulty breathing, and shock.
*Development of optic neuritis and atrophy.
*Atrial fibrillation, cerebral infarction, acute myocardial infarction, Fishe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By using the Lorentz Reciprocal Theorem, one finds the velocity vector of the particle . The flow in a fixed lab frame is given by :
<br />
with swimming speed . Note, that and . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eukaryotic transcription repressors share some of the mechanisms used by their prokaryotic counterparts. For example, by binding to a site on DNA that overlaps with the binding site of an activator, a repressor can inhibit binding of the activator. But more frequently, eukaryotic repressors inhibit the function of an a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tin extraction and use can be dated to the beginning of the Bronze Age around 3000 BC, during which copper objects formed from polymetallic ores had different physical properties. The earliest bronze objects had tin or arsenic content of less than 2% and are therefore believed to be the result of unintentional alloying... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* c. 520 BC – Alcmaeon of Croton distinguished veins from arteries and discovered the optic nerve.
* c. 450 BC – Sushruta wrote the Sushruta Samhita, redacted versions of which, by the third century AD, describe over 120 surgical instruments and 300 surgical procedures, classify human surgery into eight categories, and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two methods are used to assign raw sequence reads to genomic features (i.e., assemble the transcriptome):
* De novo: This approach does not require a reference genome to reconstruct the transcriptome, and is typically used if the genome is unknown, incomplete, or substantially altered compared to the reference. Challen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ekman suction is the component of Ekman transport that results in areas of upwelling due to the divergence of water. Returning to the concept of mass conservation, any water displaced by Ekman transport must be replenished. As the water diverges it creates space and acts as a suction in order to fill in the space by pu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Emerin is a serine-rich nuclear membrane protein and a member of the nuclear lamina-associated protein family. It mediates membrane anchorage to the cytoskeleton. Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is an X-linked inherited degenerative myopathy resulting from mutation in the EMD (also known clinically as STA) gene. Emer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Feedlots play an integral role in the Australian livestock industry and are strongly influenced by the environment they are in. Only 25% of Australia (including its feedlots) have a growing season of more than 5 months. This is due to the Australian climate being incapable of sustaining crops and pastures over a sustai... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The photophysical properties of the FbFPs are determined by the chromophore itself and its chemical surrounding in the protein. The extinction coefficient (ε) is around 14.200 Mcm at 450 nm for all described FbFPs, which is slightly higher than that of free FMN (ε = 12.200 Mcm ). The Fluorescence-Quantum yield (Φ) vari... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Application of electric pulses of sufficient strength to the cell causes an increase in the trans-membrane potential difference, which provokes the membrane destabilization. Cell membrane permeability is increased and otherwise nonpermeant molecules enter the cell.
Although the mechanisms of gene electrotransfer are no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Reviews some of the history and the issues of the saprobic system.
* Contains a short introduction to the saprobity index, and compares Pantle & Buck's method to the more complicated Zelinka & Marvan method.
;German | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are many different approaches to transfer thermal energy to electricity, and the technologies to do so have existed for several decades.
An established approach is by using a thermoelectric device, where a change in temperature across a semiconductor material creates a voltage through a phenomenon known as the S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transition (neither fully laminar nor fully turbulent) flow occurs in the range of Reynolds numbers between 2300 and 4000. The value of the Darcy friction factor is subject to large uncertainties in this flow regime. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Measurement of electrolytes is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure, performed via blood testing with ion-selective electrodes or urinalysis by medical technologists. The interpretation of these values is somewhat meaningless without analysis of the clinical history and is often impossible without parallel measur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pharmacokinetic properties (see table 3) are important when new drugs are developed.
Patients seek rapid onset of action to relief the headache. Relatively short t, good bioavailability and lipophilicity are pharmacokinetic properties that have been associated with rapid onset of action. It has been speculated that goo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2015 revisions added oxidizing materials to the existing Flammables classification. The other major change allowed and encouraged labels to incorporate the GHS signal word, hazard pictograms, and hazard statements. This addition helped identify additional dangers when dealing with materials that fit into multiple categ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because their double bonds are electron rich, enols behave as nucleophiles and react with electrophiles in much the same way that alkenes do. But because of resonance electron donation of a lone pair of electrons on the neighboring oxygen, enols are more electron- rich and correspondingly more reactive than alkenes. No... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heteroduplex analysis (HDA) is a method in biochemistry used to detect point mutations in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) since 1992. Heteroduplexes are dsDNA molecules that have one or more mismatched pairs, on the other hand homoduplexes are dsDNA which are perfectly paired. This method of analysis depend up on the fact ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Peregrine soliton (or Peregrine breather) is an analytic solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This solution was proposed in 1983 by Howell Peregrine, researcher at the mathematics department of the University of Bristol. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Smelting involves more than just melting the metal out of its ore. Most ores are the chemical compound of the metal and other elements, such as oxygen (as an oxide), sulfur (as a sulfide), or carbon and oxygen together (as a carbonate). To extract the metal, workers must make these compounds undergo a chemical reaction... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solar cells are typically named after the semiconducting material they are made of. These materials must have certain characteristics in order to absorb sunlight. Some cells are designed to handle sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, while others are optimized for use in space. Solar cells can be made of a single... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like most other water-soluble barium salts, it is a white powder, highly toxic, and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic, converting to the dihydrate , which are colour... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular phenotyping describes the technique of quantifying pathway reporter genes, i.e. pre-selected genes that are modulated specifically by metabolic and signaling pathways, in order to infer activity of these pathways.
In most cases, molecular phenotyping quantifies changes of pathway reporter gene expression to c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To demonstrate the specificity when developing stability indicating method.
To help to identify reactions that cause degradation of pharmaceutical product.
As a part of method development strategy.
Are designed to generate product related variants. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1939, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party decided to send a group of children of party revolutionaries to study in the Soviet Union. In November 1939 Liu and his sister Liu Aiqin arrived at the childrens home in Monino, where Mao Zedongs sons Mao Anying and Mao Anqing were also living. While in Sovi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some metal alkyls feature agostic interactions between a C-H bond on the alkyl group and the metal. Such interactions are especially common for complexes of early transition metals in their highest oxidation states.
One determinant of the kinetic stability of metal-alkyl complexes is the presence of hydrogen at the po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vertically mounted tubes of up to diameter extending from just above the base of a deep concrete tank to just below the surface of the sewage liquor. A typical shaft might be high. At the surface end, the tube is formed into a cone with helical vanes attached to the inner surface. When the tube is rotated, the vanes ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Mark IV Cell design was introduced in 2009. It included the following improvements:
* a flexible hose for easier alignment of the downcomer
* clamping of the slurry lens onto the downcomer (see Figure 10)
* stainless steel quick-release clamps in the downcomer assembly
* long-lasting rubber flaps in the AISE valves... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrides add to give hydroxylamines. Reducing Lewis acids (e.g. metals, Sulfur dioxide|) deoxygenate to the imine instead. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Different gases will have different mean free paths for molecules and electrons. This is because different molecules have ionization cross sections, that is, different effective diameters. Noble gases like helium and argon are monatomic harder to ionize and tend to have smaller effective diameters. This gives them g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dalton Transactions is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering original (primary) research and review articles on all aspects of the chemistry of inorganic, bioinorganic, and organometallic compounds. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry and the editor-in-chief is Russell Morris (University of S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source facility in the U.S. that provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development. Each year, this facility hosts hundreds of researchers from universities, national laboratories, and indust... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Within the sciences, the word "contamination" can take on a variety of subtle differences in meaning, whether the contaminant is a solid or a liquid, as well as the variance of environment the contaminant is found to be in. A contaminant may even be more abstract, as in the case of an unwanted energy source that may in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Devices used to sample the concentrations of particulates and compounds of the SML include a glass fabric, metal mesh screens, and other hydrophobic surfaces. These are placed on a rotating cylinder which collects surface samples as it rotates on top of the ocean surface.
The glass plate sampler is commonly used. It w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.
Common side effects of levetiracetam include s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
URhGes critical temperature (T') is normally about 280 millikelvins.
The Grenoble team in France, headed by Andrew D. Huxley, first cooled down the sample below its critical temperature and raised the magnetic field to 2 T. As expected, the sample's superconducting properties vanished. However, when the team raised the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Orbifold signature:
* Coxeter notation (rectangular): [∞,2,∞] or [∞]×[∞]
* Coxeter notation (square): [4,1,4] or [1,4,4,1]
* Lattice: rectangular
* Point group: D
* The group pmm has reflections in two perpendicular directions, and four rotation centres of order two (180°) located at the inte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Application of BNAs include small RNA research; design and synthesis of RNA aptamers; siRNA; antisense probes; diagnostics; isolation; microarray analysis; Northern blotting; real-time PCR; in situ hybridization; functional analysis; SNP detection and use as antigens and many others nucleotide base applications. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hardness can be quantified by instrumental analysis. The total water hardness is the sum of the molar concentrations of Ca and Mg, in mol/L or mmol/L units. Although water hardness usually measures only the total concentrations of calcium and magnesium (the two most prevalent divalent metal ions), iron, aluminium, and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Changing the concentration of a chemical will shift the equilibrium to the side that would counter that change in concentration. The chemical system will attempt to partly oppose the change affected to the original state of equilibrium. In turn, the rate of reaction, extent, and yield of products will be altered corres... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
T.V. (Babu) RajanBabu is an organic chemist who holds the position of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry in the College of Arts and Sciences at the Ohio State University. His laboratory traditionally focuses on developing transition metal-catalyzed reactions. RajanBabu is known for helping develop the Nugent-RajanBab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Corby toxic waste case was a court case decided by The Hon. Mr. Justice Akenhead at the High Court of Justice, London, on 29 July 2009 in the case of Corby Group Litigation v. Corby Borough Council [2009] EWHC 1944 (TCC). The judge found Corby Borough Council liable in negligence, public nuisance and a breach of st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although nonsense-mediated mRNA decay reduces nonsense codons, mutations can occur that lead to various health problems and diseases in humans. A dominant-negative or deleterious gain-of-function mutation can occur if premature terminating (nonsense) codons are translated. NMD is becoming increasingly evident in the wa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
hair cell - half-life - halobacteria - halotolerance - haploid - heat of fusion - heat of vaporization - heat shock protein - Hsp70 (70 kDa heat shock proteins) - Hsp90 (90 kDa heat shock proteins) - heavy-chain immunoglobulin - Hela cell - helminth protein - helper T cell - hemopexin - hemoglobin - herpes simplex viru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ahmet Turgay Uzer is a Turkish-born American theoretical physicist and nature photographer.
Regents' Professor Emeritus at Georgia Institute of Technology following Joseph Ford (physicist). He has contributed in the field of atomic and molecular physics, nonlinear dynamics and chaos significantly. His research on inter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the varieties of impressions, interpretations and opinions expressed by translators, the meditation technique described by The Secret of the Golden Flower is a straightforward, silent method; the book's description of meditation has been characterized as "Zen with details". The meditation technique, set forth i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The "black box" in the title refers to the conceptual tool in which, for one reason or another, the internal workings of a device are taken for granted, so that its function may be discussed. The philosophical tool is commonly used in scientific discourse, and Behe notes that understandings of cellular structure and o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hoffmann isocyanide synthesis) is the synthesis of an isocyanide by the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform, and base. The conversion involves the intermediacy of dichlorocarbene.
Illustrative is the synthesis of tert-butyl isocyanide from tert-butylamine in the presence... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enzyme-mediated (biological) chiral inversion of organic compounds is caused by highly chiral endogenous molecules found in receptors, enzymes, and other structures. While enzyme inhibitors suppress enzyme activity, enzyme inducers boost enzyme concentration and activity. The primary determinants of inter-individual va... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The interplay of molecular scale mechanisms and hierarchical surface structures is known to result in high levels of static friction and bonding between pairs of surfaces. Technologically advanced adhesive devices sometimes make use of microstructures on surfaces, such as tightly packed periodic posts. These are biomim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For example, to find the K value of methane at 100 psia and 60 °F.
# On the left-hand vertical axis, locate and mark the point containing the pressure 100 psia.
# On the right-hand vertical axis, locate and mark the point containing the temperature 60°F.
# Connect the points with a straight line.
# Note where the line ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A circular filter paper is taken and the sample is deposited at the center of the paper. After drying the spot, the filter paper is tied horizontally on a Petri dish containing solvent, so that the wick of the paper is dipped in the solvent. The solvent rises through the wick and the components are separated into conce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Estimation of the size of DNA molecules following digestion with restriction enzymes, e.g., in restriction mapping of cloned DNA.
*Estimation of the DNA concentration by comparing the intensity of the nucleic acid band with the corresponding band of the size marker.
*Analysis of products of a polymerase chain reaction... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ability of geckos – which can hang on a glass surface using only one toe – to climb on sheer surfaces has been for many years mainly attributed to the van der Waals forces between these surfaces and the spatulae, or microscopic projections, which cover the hair-like setae found on their footpads.
There were effort... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Noncovalent intermolecular interactions, albeit individually small, collectively alter chemical reactions in major ways. Listed below are common intermolecular forces that chemists have used to design foldamers.
* Hydrogen bonding (especially with peptide bonds)
* Pi stacking
* Solvophobic effects, which lead to hydrop... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In crystallography, the diamond cubic crystal structure is a repeating pattern of 8 atoms that certain materials may adopt as they solidify. While the first known example was diamond, other elements in group 14 also adopt this structure, including α-tin, the semiconductors silicon and germanium, and silicon–germanium a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reaction is:
The reaction is an exothermic equilibrium reaction in which the gas volume is reduced. The equilibrium constant K of the reaction (see table) and obtained from:
Since the reaction is exothermic, the equilibrium of the reaction shifts at lower temperatures to the ammonia side. Furthermore, four volumetr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several photons of energy below the ionization threshold may actually combine their energies to ionize an atom. This probability decreases rapidly with the number of photons required, but the development of very intense, pulsed lasers still makes it possible. In the perturbative regime (below about 10 W/cm at optical f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Berlin Graduate School of Natural Sciences and Engineering (BIG-NSE) is part of the Cluster of Excellence "Unifying Concepts in Catalysis" (UniCat) founded in November 2007 by the Technical University of Berlin and five further institutions in the Berlin area within the framework of the German government‘s Excellen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Section B on Thermodynamics, Equipment and Systems of the IIR focuses on the technological and scientific fundamentals of classical refrigeration, excluding cryogenic temperatures. The fundamentals are represented by its Commission B1 Thermodynamics and Transfer Processes whereas Commission B2 Refrigerating Equipment c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The overall process of corrosion can be represented by a bimodal function, where the type of corrosion varies with time, including both oxygen-driven and anaerobic mechanisms. The dominant process will depend on the given conditions. During oxygen-driven corrosion, layers of rust form, creating various non-homogenous a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magma oceans are vast fields of surface magma that exist during periods of a planets or some natural satellites accretion when the celestial body is completely or partly molten.
In the early Solar System, magma oceans were formed by the melting of planetesimals and planetary impacts. Small planetesimals are melted by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A rotating tank is a device used for fluid dynamics experiments. Typically cylinders filled with water on a rotating platform, the tanks can be used in various ways to simulate the atmosphere or ocean.
For example, a rotating tank with an ice bucket in the center can represent the Earth, with a cold pole simulated by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Leland Hartwell et al.. 2004. Genetics – From Genes to Genomes 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill
*Engels, W. R. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060111010249/http://engels.genetics.wisc.edu/Pelements/Pt.html P Elements in Drosophila] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bacteriophages used for cloning are the λ phage and M13 phage. There is an upper limit on the amount of DNA that can be packed into a phage (a maximum of 53 kb), therefore to allow foreign DNA to be inserted into phage DNA, phage cloning vectors may need to have some non-essential genes deleted, for example the ge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are some main areas of focus that can be looked at for the future of SVA to keep improving and being innovational in technology. Firstly, the chambers in which SVA takes place should continue to be improved on to allow precision of the process, as well as, reproducibility of the same structure on each attempt. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EWGs enhance the Lewis acidity, making compounds more reactive as Lewis acids. For example, fluorine is a stronger electron-withdrawing substituent than methyl, resulting in an increased Lewis acidity of boron trifluoride relative to trimethylborane. Electron-withdrawing groups also tend to reduce Lewis basicity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protein nanocages are natural nanocarriers composed of protein subunits with a porous structure. They benefit from monodispersity, intrinsic high stability for protection of internalized drugs from enzymatic degradation and controllable assembly for cargo loading and release.
However, their application might be blocked... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Today the basic ideas established by Leonardo are the same; the flow must be seeded with particles that can be observed by the method of choice. The seeding particles depend on many factors including the fluid, the sensing method, the size of the measurement domain, and sometimes the expected accelerations in the flow.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Genetically modified fish are used for scientific research, as pets and as a food source. Aquaculture is a growing industry, currently providing over half the consumed fish worldwide. Through genetic engineering it is possible to increase growth rates, reduce food intake, remove allergenic properties, increase cold tol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2023: Ho-Am Prize in Science chemistry and life sciences
* 2019 UW-Madison Villas Faculty Mid-Career Investigator Award
* 2018 Michigan State University Alumni Lectureship Award
* 2018 Student Selected ECS Speaker (Indiana University)
* 2017 MIT Student-Invited Inorganic Seminar Speaker
* 2016 UW-Madison Villas Assoc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The synthesis of ring C also required hydroxygeranyl acetate 2. Subsequent steps were allylic oxidation (SeO, tBuOH, salicylic acid) to aldehyde 13, then carbonyl reduction (NaBH) to alcohol 14, then epoxidation (VO(acac), tBuOH) to 15, then alcohol protection (MPM trichloroacetimidate) to MPM ether 16, then radical cy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Berend (Bert) Poolman is a Dutch biochemist, as specialist in bioenergetics of microorganisms and membrane transport. He is a professor of Biochemistry at the University of Groningen and an elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) since 2009. Poolman is a pioneer in the field of bot... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gunpowder bombs had been mentioned since the 11th century. In 1000 AD, a soldier by the name of Tang Fu (唐福) demonstrated a design of gunpowder pots (a proto-bomb which spews fire) and gunpowder caltrops, for which he was richly rewarded. In the same year, Xu Dong wrote that trebuchets used bombs that were like "flying... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
GPR126 is necessary for Schwann cell myelination. Knockouts of this adhesion GPCR in both Danio rerio and Mus musculus result in an arrest at the promyelinating stage. Schwann cells arise from the neural crest, which migrates to peripheral nerves to form either myelinating or non-myelinating cells. In GPR126 knockouts... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Feline leukemia virus and Feline immunodeficiency virus infections are treated with biologics, including the only immunomodulator currently licensed for sale in the United States, Lymphocyte T-Cell Immune Modulator (LTCI). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The trihexagonal tiling has Schläfli symbol of r{6,3}, or Coxeter diagram, , symbolizing the fact that it is a rectified hexagonal tiling, {6,3}. Its symmetries can be described by the wallpaper group p6mm, (*632), and the tiling can be derived as a Wythoff construction within the reflectional fundamental domains of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This technique has found applications in many different fields, from semiconductor physics to microelectronics and biology, from basic research to industrial applications. Ellipsometry is a very sensitive measurement technique and provides unequaled capabilities for thin film metrology. As an optical technique, spectr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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