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Chiral molecules have two forms (at each point of asymmetry), which differ in their optical characteristics: The levorotatory form (the (−)-form) will rotate counter-clockwise on the plane of polarization of a beam of light, whereas the dextrorotatory form (the (+)-form) will rotate clockwise on the plane of polarizati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1935, the first scientific work devoted to the thermodynamics of biological systems was published - the book of the Hungarian-Russian theoretical biologist Erwin S. Bauer (1890-1938) "Theoretical Biology". E. Bauer formulated the "Universal Law of Biology" in the following edition: "All and only living systems are n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aside from its immense environmental impacts, R114, like most chlorofluoroalkanes, forms phosgene gas when exposed to a naked flame. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The recrystallization behavior of materials containing a wide distribution of particle sizes can be difficult to predict. This is compounded in alloys where the particles are thermally-unstable and may grow or dissolve with time. In various systems, abnormal grain growth may occur giving rise to unusually large crystal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Feng Yunhe hailed from Lijin, Shandong Province in China. She attended primary and secondary school at the Jinan Girls Junior Normal School and the Beijing Girls Higher Normal School. In 1920 she was admitted to the United States to study chemical engineering at Ohio State University, where she received her master's de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cell cycle is composed of a number of well-ordered, consecutive stages that result in cellular division. The fact that cells do not begin the next stage until the last one is finished, is a significant element of cell cycle regulation. Cell cycle checkpoints are characteristics that constitute an excellent monitori... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Locascio was born November 21, 1961, in Cumberland, Maryland. Her father was a physicist at the Allegany Ballistics Laboratory. He fostered her interest in science. She attended Bishop Walsh High School. In 1977, she was awarded an educational development certificate. Locascio had an early interest in biology and won h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another potential complication results from the presence of large one bond J-coupling constants between carbon and hydrogen (typically from 100 to 250 Hz). While potentially informative, these couplings can complicate the spectra and reduce sensitivity. For these reasons, C-NMR spectra are usually recorded with proto... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with a different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CFC-13like all chlorofluorocarbon compoundscontains atoms of carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F).
It can be prepared by reacting carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalytic amount of antimony pentachloride:
CCl + 3HF CClF + 3HCl
This reaction can also produce trichlorofluorometh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radioactive medical waste tends to contain beta particle and gamma ray emitters. It can be divided into two main classes. In diagnostic nuclear medicine a number of short-lived gamma emitters such as technetium-99m are used. Many of these can be disposed of by leaving it to decay for a short time before disposal as nor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrocoagulation (EC) is a technique used for wastewater treatment, wash water treatment, industrially processed water, and medical treatment. Electrocoagulation has become a rapidly growing area of wastewater treatment due to its ability to remove contaminants that are generally more difficult to remove by filtratio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polyurethane is an option offered as an internal lining for ductile iron pipes in lieu of cement mortar. However, as PUR provides only passive protection it becomes vitally important that the coating is not damaged during handling and installation. Manufacturers will specify strict handling, transport and installation ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plane groups can be depicted using the Hermann–Mauguin system. The first letter is either lowercase p or c to represent primitive or centered unit cells. The next number is the rotational symmetry, as given above. The presence of mirror planes are denoted m, while glide reflections are only denoted g. Screw axes do not... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Semicarbazide is used in preparing pharmaceuticals including nitrofuran antibacterials (furazolidone, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin) and related compounds. It is also a product of degradations of the blowing agent azodicarbonamide (ADC). Semicarbazide forms in heat-treated flour containing ADC as well as breads made ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salicylate testing is a category of drug testing that is focused on detecting salicylates such as acetysalicylic acid for either biochemical or medical purposes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mass transfer finds extensive application in chemical engineering problems. It is used in reaction engineering, separations engineering, heat transfer engineering, and many other sub-disciplines of chemical engineering like electrochemical engineering.
The driving force for mass transfer is usually a difference in chem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In mathematics, potential flow around a circular cylinder is a classical solution for the flow of an inviscid, incompressible fluid around a cylinder that is transverse to the flow. Far from the cylinder, the flow is unidirectional and uniform. The flow has no vorticity and thus the velocity field is irrotational and c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Primary aromatic amines are used as a starting material for the manufacture of azo dyes. It reacts with nitrous acid to form diazonium salt, which can undergo coupling reaction to form an azo compound. As azo-compounds are highly coloured, they are widely used in dyeing industries, such as:
* Methyl orange
* Direct bro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microfluidic flows need only be constrained by geometrical length scale – the modalities and methods used to achieve such a geometrical constraint are highly dependent on the targeted application. Traditionally, microfluidic flows have been generated inside closed channels with the channel cross section being in the or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The importance of tin to the success of Bronze Age cultures and the scarcity of the resource offers a glimpse into that time periods trade and cultural interactions, and has therefore been the focus of intense archaeological studies. However, a number of problems have plagued the study of ancient tin such as the limite... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrogravimetry is a method used to separate and quantify ions of a substance, usually a metal. In this process, the analyte solution is electrolyzed. Electrochemical reduction causes the analyte to be deposited on the cathode. The mass of the cathode is determined before and after the experiment, and the difference ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Additional reported applications of genome-wide CRISPR screens include the study of: mitochondrial metabolism, bacterial toxin resistance, genetic drivers of metastasis, cancer drug resistance, West Nile virus-induced cell death, and immune cell gene networks. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method was invented by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. Justus von Liebig studied the method while working with
Gay-Lussac between 1822 and 1824 and improved the method in the following years to a level that it could be used as standard procedure for organic analysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1984 P Metz
*1983 I K MacGregor
*1982 G W van Stein Callenfels
*1981 Sir I McLennan
*1980 M Tenenbaum
*1979 H O H Haavisto
*1978 Karl Brotzmann
*1977 H Morrogh
*1976 J D Joy
*1975 Richard Weck
*1974 Sir M Finniston | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leprecan is a protein associated with osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII.
Leprecan is part of a superfamily of 2OG-Fe(II) dioxygenase, along with DNA repair protein AlkB, and disease resistant EGL-9. The enzyme was found to be a type of hydroxylases used in the substrate formation of protein glycosylation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* The enzyme is bound covalently to an insoluble support (such as silica gel or macroporous polymer beads with epoxide groups). This approach provides the strongest enzyme/support interaction, and so the lowest protein leakage during catalysis.
* The activity of the enzyme being covalently bound is dependent on several... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lipids have been drawing considerable attention as a substrate for biodiesel production owing to its sustainability, non-toxicity and energy efficient properties. However, due to cost reasons, attention must be focused on the non-edible sources of lipids, in particular oleaginous microorganisms. Such microbes have the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A scoring matrix or a table of values is required for evaluating the significance of a sequence alignment, such as describing the probability of a biologically meaningful amino-acid or nucleotide residue-pair occurring in an alignment. Typically, when two nucleotide sequences are being compared, all that is being score... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tetraethylammonium (TEA) is a molecule found to be a weak agonist of the muscle‐type nicotinic receptor. Since receptor activation occurs as isolated bursts, it has been proposed that the receptors have a very low channel‐opening rate constant when bound to TEA. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Tafel equation is an equation in electrochemical kinetics relating the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential. The Tafel equation was first deduced experimentally and was later shown to have a theoretical justification. The equation is named after Swiss chemist Julius Tafel.
Where an electrochemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In March 1865 Macadam sailed to New Zealand to give evidence at the trial of Captain W. A. Jarvey, accused of fatally poisoning his wife, but the jury did not reach a verdict. During the return voyage, Macadam fractured his ribs during a storm. He was advised, on medical grounds, not to return for the adjourned trial b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Volatile phenolic compounds are found in plant resin where they may attract benefactors such as parasitoids or predators of the herbivores that attack the plant.
In the kelp species Alaria marginata, phenolics act as chemical defence against herbivores. In tropical Sargassum and Turbinaria species that are often prefer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bertozzi group further developed one of Huisgen's copper-free click reactions to overcome the cytotoxicity of the CuAAC reaction. Instead of using Cu(I) to activate the alkyne, the alkyne is instead introduced in a strained (DIFO), in which the electron-withdrawing, propargylic, gem-fluorines act together with the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Gilbert’s syndrome, glucuronyl transferase activity is reduced by approximately 70%, leading to mild accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the plasma. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lanthanum(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing lanthanum and iodine with the chemical formula . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methylenedioxy is the term used in the field of chemistry, particularly in organic chemistry, for a functional group with the structural formula R-O-CH-O-R' which is connected to the rest of a molecule by two chemical bonds. The methylenedioxy group consists of two oxygen atoms connected to a methylene bridge (-CH- uni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider the force F(h) between two identical spheres of radius R as an illustration. The surfaces of the two respective spheres are thought to be sliced into infinitesimal disks of width dr and radius r as shown in the figure. The force is given by the sum of the corresponding swelling pressures between the two disks ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Bayley, J. (1990) "The Production of Brass in Antiquity with Particular Reference to Roman Britain" in Craddock, P.T. (ed.) 2000 Years of Zinc and Brass London: British Museum
*Craddock, P.T. and Eckstein, K (2003) "Production of Brass in Antiquity by Direct Reduction" in Craddock, P.T. and Lang, J. (eds) Mining and M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Planck (1914, page 40) refers to a condition of thermodynamic equilibrium, in which "any two bodies or elements of bodies selected at random exchange by radiation equal amounts of heat with each other."
The term radiative exchange equilibrium can also be used to refer to two specified regions of space that exchange equ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A key issue for the fusion–fission concept is the number and lifetime of the neutrons in the various processes, the so-called neutron economy.
In a pure fusion design, the neutrons are used for breeding tritium in a lithium blanket. Natural lithium consists of about 92% Li and the rest is mostly Li. Li breeding require... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main way free oxygen is lost from the atmosphere is via respiration and decay, mechanisms in which animal life and bacteria consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The vorticity equation of fluid dynamics describes the evolution of the vorticity of a particle of a fluid as it moves with its flow; that is, the local rotation of the fluid (in terms of vector calculus this is the curl of the flow velocity). The governing equation is:where is the material derivative operator, is t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An environment's plasmidome refers to the plasmids present in it.
The term is a portmanteau of the two English words Plasmid and Kingdom.
In biological research, plasmidome may refer to the actual plasmids that were found and isolated from a certain microorganism by means of culturing isolated microorganism and investi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While tartaric acid is well-tolerated by humans and lab animals, an April 2021 letter to the editor of JAVMA hypothesized that the tartaric acid in grapes could be the cause of grape and raisin toxicity in dogs.
In dogs, the tartaric acid of tamarind causes acute kidney injury, which can often be fatal. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Iberia (modern Spain and Portugal) was possibly the Roman province richest in mineral ore, containing deposits of gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, and mercury). From its acquisition after the Second Punic War to the Fall of Rome, Iberia continued to produce a significant amount of Roman metals.
Britannia was als... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A large variety of inorganic radicals are stable and in fact isolable. Examples include most first-row transition metal complexes.
With regard to main group radicals, the most abundant radical in the universe is also the most abundant chemical in the universe, H. Most main group radicals are not however isolable, despi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scattering experiments are a common method for learning about crystals. Such experiments typically involve a probe (e.g. X-rays or neutrons) and a crystalline solid. A well-characterized probe propagating towards the crystal may interact and scatter away in a particular manner. Mathematical expressions relating the sca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zhang's doctoral research was in the area of bioinorganic chemistry, and she worked on the development of a platinum-based library of chemotherapeutic candidates featuring anthraquinone ligands and redox activity. This involved using a variety of imaging techniques (including those based on synchrotron radiation) to st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gamma helix (or γ-helix) is a type of secondary structure in proteins that has been predicted by Pauling, Corey, and Branson, but has never been observed in natural proteins. The hydrogen bond in this type of helix was predicted to be between N-H group of one amino acid and the C=O group of the amino acid six residues ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Observations have shown that fluxes of ballast minerals (calcium carbonate, opal, and lithogenic material) and organic carbon fluxes are closely correlated in the bathypelagic zones of the ocean. A large fraction of particulate organic matter occurs in the form of marine snow aggregates (>0.5 mm) composed of phytoplank... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The word effusion derives from the Latin word, effundo, which means "shed, pour forth, pour out, utter, lavish, waste." | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several reuptake inhibitors of VMATs are known to exist, including reserpine (RES), tetrabenazine (TBZ), dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZOH), and ketanserin (KET). It is thought that RES exhibits competitive inhibition, binding to the same site as the monoamine substrate, as studies have shown that it can be displaced via ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the tartrate salt, levorphanol is marketed by Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. and Virtus Pharmaceuticals in the U.S., and Canada under the brand name Levo-Dromoran. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine, abundant in polyA+ mRNAs, occurs at the first nucleotide after the 5’ cap, when an additional methyl group is added to a 2ʹ-O-methyladenosine residue at the ‘capped’ 5ʹ end of mRNA.
Since m6Am can be recognized by anti-m6A antibodies at transcription start sites, the methods used for m6A prof... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In mathematics, a symmetry operation is a geometric transformation of an object that leaves the object looking the same after it has been carried out. For example, a turn rotation of a regular triangle about its center, a reflection of a square across its diagonal, a translation of the Euclidean plane, or a point refl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) is a small cytokine that was previously called monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3). CCL7 is a small protein that belongs to the CC chemokine family and is most closely related to CCL2 (previously called MCP1). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Bantu people in Cuvette Central use peatlands for fishing, hunting and gathering, as well as small-scale agriculture near terra firme forests. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anaplerotic reactions, a term coined by Hans Kornberg and originating from the Greek [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%BD%CE%AC#Ancient_Greek ἀνά]= up and [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%89 πληρόω]= to fill, are chemical reactions that form intermediates of a metabolic pathway... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The human gastrointestinal tract is around long. Food digestion physiology varies between individuals and upon other factors such as the characteristics of the food and size of the meal, and the process of digestion normally takes between 24 and 72 hours.
Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Direct photons and dileptons are arguably most penetrating tools to study relativistic heavy ion collisions. They are produced, by various mechanisms spanning the space-time evolution of the strongly interacting fireball. They provide in principle a snapshot on the initial stage as well. They are hard to decipher and i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early studies of the phenomenon were conducted with sodium sulfate, also known as Glauber's Salt because, unusually, the solubility of this salt in water may decrease with increasing temperature. Early studies have been summarised by Tomlinson. It was shown that the crystallization of a supersaturated solution does not... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oligocrystalline material owns a microstructure consisting of a few coarse grains, often columnar and parallel to the longitudinal ingot axis. This microstructure can be found in the ingots produced by electron beam melting (EBM). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, also known as (ectodermin homolog and tripartite motif-containing 33) is a protein encoded in the human by the gene TRIM33, a member of the tripartite motif family.
TRIM33 is thought to be a transcriptional corepressor. However unlike the related TRIM24 and TRIM28 proteins, few trans... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method uses scattering parameters of a material sample embedded in a waveguide, namely and , to calculate permittivity and permeability data. and correspond to the cumulative reflection and transmission coefficient of the sample that are referenced to the each sample end, respectively: these parameters account f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A few Gram-positive bacteria are intrinsically resistant to vancomycin: Leuconostoc and Pediococcus species, but these organisms rarely cause diseases in humans. Most Lactobacillus species are also intrinsically resistant to vancomycin, with the exception of L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii, which are sensitive. Other... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many examples of 3D optical data storage systems, several wavelengths (colors) of light are used (e.g. reading laser, writing laser, signal; sometimes even two lasers are required just for writing). Therefore, as well as coping with the high laser power and variable spherical aberration, the optical system must comb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator (Ler) is a regulatory protein that controls bacterial pathogenicity of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). More specifically, Ler regulates the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island genes, which ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a hot steel work-piece is quenched, the area in contact with the water immediately cools and its temperature equilibrates with the quenching medium. The inner depths of the material however, do not cool so rapidly, and in work-pieces that are large, the cooling rate may be slow enough to allow the austenite to tra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1980s the NCEC developed the Chemdata hazardous material database, which was provided to British fire services for use in case of chemical accidents.
Chemdata lists over 61,600 safety data sheets (SDS) for dangerous substances. It is published in six languages. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The unit sphere in three-dimensional space is the set of points such that . Let be the "north pole", and let be the rest of the sphere. The plane runs through the center of the sphere; the "equator" is the intersection of the sphere with this plane.
For any point on , there is a unique line through and , and th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tautomers are structural isomers which readily interconvert, so that two or more species co-exist in equilibrium such as
Important examples are keto-enol tautomerism and the equilibrium between neutral and zwitterionic forms of an amino acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since PXA has antibiotic activity against organisms as diverse as bacteria, protozoans, fungi, plants and animal cells including human cancer cells, it has to affect a cellular feature that is evolutionarily highly conserved. A recent study has shown that PXA directly affects the mitochondria by disrupting both their b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The association of the Vps35-Vps29-Vps26 complex with the cytosolic domains of cargo molecules on endosomal membranes initiates the activation of retrograde trafficking and cargo capture. The nucleation complex is formed through the interaction of VPS complex with GTP-activated Rab7 with clathrin, clathrin-adaptors and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are also fluids whose strain rate is a function of time. Fluids that require a gradually increasing shear stress to maintain a constant strain rate are referred to as rheopectic. An opposite case of this is a fluid that thins out with time and requires a decreasing stress to maintain a constant strain rate (thixo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By 1964, the ETH group had accomplished the first corrin model synthesis, and also the preparation of a ring-B precursor as part of a construction of the B molecule itself. Since independent progress of the two groups towards their long-term objective was so clearly complementary, Woodward and Eschenmoser decided in 19... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The issue of limit of detection, or limit of quantification, is encountered in all scientific disciplines. This explains the variety of definitions and the diversity of juridiction specific solutions developed to address preferences. In the simplest cases as in nuclear and chemical measurements, definitions and approac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1877, Köhler and Michaelis claimed that they synthesized the first isolated diphosphene (PhP=PPh). However, the molecular weight determination and X-ray crystallographic analysis later proved that this "diphosphene" only had a P-P single bond. Then the research to diphosphenes kept silent over almost 120 years until... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The occurrence of symmetry-related pairs of H-C-C-H fragments is not limited to aromatic systems. For instance, magnetic inequivalence is found in 1,4-homodisubstituted butadienes. It might be expected in a molecule such as a symmetrical 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrrolidine, but less rigid and less flat sp frameworks t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For polymeric nanoparticles, the induction of stimuli-responsiveness has usually relied heavily upon well-known polymers that possess an inherent stimuli-responsiveness. Certain polymers that can undergo reversible phase transitions due to changes in temperature or pH have aroused interest.
Arguably the most utilized p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Opportunity Rover found that the soil at Meridiani Planum was very similar to the soil at Gusev crater and Ares Vallis; however in many places at Meridiani the soil was covered with round, hard, gray spherules that were named "blueberries." These blueberries were found to be composed almost entirely of the mineral hem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Engine manufacturers typically rate their engines fuel consumption by the lower heating values since the exhaust is never condensed in the engine, and doing this allows them to publish more attractive numbers than are used in conventional power plant terms. The conventional power industry had used HHV (high heat value... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Important structure-activity relationship:
1. Strict steric constraint exists around the pyrrolidine ring of cyanopyrrolidine-based inhibitors, with only hydrogen, fluoro, acetylene, nitrile, or methano substitution permitted.
2. Presence of a nitrile moiety on the pyrrolidine ring is critical to achieving potent activ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fat suppression is an MRI technique in which fat signal from adipose tissue is suppressed to better visualize uptake of contrast material by bodily tissues, reduce chemical shift artifact, and to characterize certain types of lesions such as adrenal gland tumors, bone marrow infiltration, fatty tumors, and steatosis by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the incoming field is very intense , the interaction of the electron with the electromagnetic field is completely equivalent to the interaction of the electron with multiple photons, with no need of explicitly quantize the electromagnetic field of the incoming low-energy radiation. While the interaction with the r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The more general form of the Butler–Volmer equation, applicable to the mass transfer-influenced conditions, can be written as:
where:
* j is the current density, A/m,
* c and c refer to the concentration of the species to be oxidized and to be reduced, respectively,
* c(0,t) is the time-dependent concentration at the d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Note: An e plane is a double glide plane, one having glides in two different directions. They are found in seven orthorhombic, five tetragonal and five cubic space groups, all with centered lattice. The use of the symbol e became official with .
The lattice system can be found as follows. If the crystal system is not t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The determination of phosphorus, arsenic, silicon and germanium are examples of the use of heteropoly-molybdenum blue in analytical chemistry. The following example describes the determination of phosphorus. A sample containing the phosphate is mixed with an acid solution of Mo, for example ammonium molybdate, to produ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The effluent from the tailings from the mining of sulfidic minerals has been described as "the largest environmental liability of the mining industry". These tailings contain large amounts of pyrite (FeS) and Iron(II) sulfide (FeS), which are rejected from the sought-after ores of copper and nickel, as well as coal. Al... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another method of flow measurement involves placing a bluff body (called a shedder bar) in the path of the fluid. As the fluid passes this bar, disturbances in the flow called vortices are created. The vortices trail behind the cylinder, alternatively from each side of the bluff body. This vortex trail is called the Vo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Given the extremely low interaction cross-sections, the number of particles required in the reaction area is enormous, well beyond any existing technology. But this assumes that the particles in question only get one pass through the system. If the particles that missed collisions can be recycled in a way that their en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen (9 January 1868 – 12 February 1939) was a Danish chemist, known for the introduction of the concept of pH, a scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PABPII, or polyadenine binding protein II, is a protein involved in the assembly of the polyadenine tail added to newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules during the process of gene transcription. It is a regulatory protein that controls the rate at which polyadenine polymerase (PAP) adds adenine nucleotide... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ekimov was born in the Soviet Union. In 1967, he graduated from the Faculty of Physics, Leningrad State University. He went on to receive his PhD in physics at the Ioffe Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1974. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most common types of bioconjugation include coupling of a small molecule (such as biotin or a fluorescent dye) to a protein. Antibody-drug conjugates such as Brentuximab vedotin and Gemtuzumab ozogamicin are examples falling into this category.
Protein-protein conjugations, such as the coupling of an antibody to an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DWSIM is also available on Android and iOS mobile operating systems, where it is free to download. On these platforms, DWSIM includes a basic set of features while more advanced modules can be unlocked through in-app purchases. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is also used to illuminate pictures painted with fluorescent colors, particularly on black velvet, which intensifies the illusion of self-illumination. The use of such materials, often in the form of tiles viewed in a sensory room under UV light, is common in the United Kingdom for the education of students with pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cosmogenic isotopes are formed by the interaction of cosmic rays with the nucleus of an atom. These can be used for dating purposes and for use as natural tracers. In addition, by careful measurement of some ratios of stable isotopes it is possible to obtain new insights into the origin of bullets, ages of ice samples,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electrophilic addition reaction of hydrogen bromide to 1,3-butadiene above room temperature leads predominantly to the thermodynamically more stable 1,4 adduct, 1-bromo-2-butene, but decreasing the reaction temperature to below room temperature favours the kinetic 1,2 adduct, 3-bromo-1-butene.
:The rationale for th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Romans were already familiar with the ability of a prism to generate a rainbow of colors. Newton is traditionally regarded as the founder of spectroscopy, but he was not the first scientist who studied and reported on the solar spectrum. The works of Athanasius Kircher (1646), Jan Marek Marci (1648), Robert Boyle (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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