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The Corey-correlation or Corey model has only one degree of freedom for the shape of each relative permeability curve, the shape parameter N.
The LET-correlation
adds more degrees of freedom in order to accommodate the shape of relative permeability curves in SCAL experiments and in 3D reservoir models that are adjust... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term "molecular tweezers" was first used by Whitlock. The class of hosts was developed and popularized by Zimmerman in the mid-1980s to early 1990s and later by Klärner. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Zimmermann reagent is used as a simple spot-test used in chromatography to presumptively identify alkaloids, especially benzodiazepines, as well as other compounds. It is therefore used in drugs testing.
It is a two-component reagent, with the first component composed of 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1% w/v) in methanol and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The typical process for creating ICCs in the lab involves ionisation of an elemental source, followed by confinement in an ion trap, where they are imaged via their fluorescence. Changing parameters such as the axial or radial confining potentials may lead to different observed geometries of the crystal, even if the nu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nuclear DNA is normally wrapped tightly around histones, making it hard or impossible for the transcription machinery to access the DNA. This association is due primarily to the electrostatic attraction between the DNA and histones as the DNA phosphate backbone is negatively charged and histones are rich in lysine resi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
WES was done with EPIC-seq and it detected a correlation between the biological signal and active genes' exonic regions; this shows that EPIC-seq can be generalized for expression of genes of interest rather than only cancer genes | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a toroidal fusion power device, a plasma is confined within a donut-shaped cylinder. If the gas pressure of the plasma varies across the radius of the cylinder, a self-generated current will spontaneously arise within the plasma, due to collisions between trapped particles and passing particles. This current is call... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After the war, Seaborg and Ghiorso returned to Berkeley, where they and colleagues used the 60" Crocker cyclotron to produce elements of increasing atomic number by bombarding exotic targets with helium ions. In experiments during 1949–1950, they produced and identified elements 97 (berkelium) and 98 (californium). In ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The porous medium equation has been found to have a number of applications in gas flow, heat transfer, and groundwater flow. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The per person organic matter load is a parameter used in the design of sewage treatment plants. This concept is known as population equivalent (PE). The base value used for PE can vary from one country to another. Commonly used definitions used worldwide are: 1 PE equates to 60 gram of BOD per person per day, and it a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The halomethanes are produced on an industrial scale from abundant precursors such as natural gas or methanol, and from halogens or halides. They are usually prepared by one of three methods.
*Free radical chlorination of methane (under ultraviolet light):
This method is useful for the production of (n = 1, 2, 3, or 4... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biology, abiogenesis (from Greek ἀ- a- not + βῐ́ος bios life + γένεσις genesis origin) or the origin of life is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. The prevailing scientific hypothesis is that the transition from non-living to living entities on Eart... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anodizing can produce yellowish integral colours without dyes if it is carried out in weak acids with high voltages, high current densities, and strong refrigeration. Shades of colour are restricted to a range which includes pale yellow, gold, deep bronze, brown, grey, and black. Some advanced variations can produce a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photochemical reduction of carbon dioxide harnesses solar energy to convert into higher-energy products. Environmental interest in producing artificial systems is motivated by recognition that CO is a greenhouse gas. The process has not been commercialized. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Goudar equation is the most accurate approximation to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f for a full-flowing circular pipe. It is an approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation. Equation has the following form | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At one time, coordination compounds were used to identify the presence of metals in a sample. Qualitative inorganic analysis has largely been superseded by instrumental methods of analysis such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively cou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule. (In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the terms substituent and functional group, as well as side chain and pendant group, are used almost interchangeably to des... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Generally, in progression to cancer, hundreds of genes are silenced or activated. Although silencing of some genes in cancers occurs by mutation, a large proportion of carcinogenic gene silencing is a result of altered DNA methylation (see DNA methylation in cancer). DNA methylation causing silencing in cancer typica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mukaiyama has been recognized for his achievements in the form of seven honorary degrees and membership in the national academies of four nations. He is the namesake of the Mukaiyama Award, awarded by the Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan since 2005. His major awards include:
* Chemical Society of Japan Awa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Urea was first discovered in urine in 1727 by the Dutch scientist Herman Boerhaave, although this discovery is often attributed to the French chemist Hilaire Rouelle as well as William Cruickshank.
Boerhaave used the following steps to isolate urea:
# Boiled off water, resulting in a substance similar to fresh cream
# ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plants have mechanisms that protect against adverse effects of strong light. The most studied biochemical protective mechanism is non-photochemical quenching of excitation energy. Visible-light-induced photoinhibition is ~25% faster in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking non-photochemical quenching than in the wild ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multiple companies have offered exome sequencing to consumers. Knome was the first company to offer exome sequencing services to consumers, at a cost of several thousand dollars. Later, 23andMe ran a pilot WES program that was announced in September 2011 and was discontinued in 2012. Consumers could obtain exome data a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-destructive detectors in liquid chromatography:
*Ultraviolet light detectors, fixed or variable wavelength, which includes diode array detectors. The ultraviolet light absorption of the effluent is continuously measured at single or multiple wavelengths. These are by far most popular detectors for liquid chromatogr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is presumed that Chesapeake Bay was once inhabited by Paleoindians 11,000 years ago. For thousands of years, Native American societies lived in villages of wooden longhouses close to water bodies where they fished and farmed the land. Agricultural products included beans, corn, tobacco, and squash. Villages often la... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 1991-1993 a group of investigators, headed by Zvi Shkedi, in the state of Massachusetts, USA, built well-insulated cells and calorimeters which included the capability to measure the actual Faraday efficiency in real-time during the experiments. The cells were of the light-water type; with a fine-wire nickel catho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plant-based digital data storage is a futuristic view that proposes storing digital data in plants and seeds. The first practical implication showed the possibility of using plants as storage media for digital data. New approaches for data archiving are required due to the constant increase in digital data production a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The DrugWipe is a moist wipe used to detect drug residue on surfaces, or on the forehead, palm, or tongue of an individual. An integrated ampule is broken, which is the medium for transporting the collected analyte to the antigen-binding site. The DrugWipe can be configured to detect cannabis, cocaine, opiates, ampheta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lowe (born in Harrisburg, Arkansas) got his BA from Hendrix College and his PhD in organic chemistry from Duke University on synthesis of natural products, before spending time in Germany on a Humboldt Fellowship.
Lowe was one of the first people to blog from inside the pharmaceutical industry, with the approval of his... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, carbon tetrachloride serves as a source of chlorine in the Appel reaction.
Carbon tetrachloride made from heavy chlorine-37 has been used in the detection of neutrinos. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In quantum mechanics, a shape resonance, in contrast to a Feshbach resonance, is a resonance which is not turned into a bound state if the coupling between some degrees of freedom and the degrees of freedom associated to the fragmentation (reaction coordinates) are set to zero. More simply, the shape resonance total en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* A commercial, high purity (non-recycled) polymer sample with known molecular mass distribution can be obtained or synthesized according to standard procedures.
* Common properties such as elastic modulus, tan δ, crystallinity, viscosity, density should be characterized.
* Anchor points, physical or chemical (chain en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquid level floats, also known as float balls, are spherical, cylindrical, oblong or similarly shaped objects, made from either rigid or flexible material, that are buoyant in water and other liquids. They are non-electrical hardware frequently used as visual sight-indicators for surface demarcation and level measurem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1960s and 1970s it was speculated that aluminium was related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Since then, multiple epidemiological studies have found no connection between exposure to environmental or swallowed aluminium and neurological disorders, though injected aluminium was n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The application of transformations to retrosynthetic analysis can lead to powerful reductions in molecular complexity. Unfortunately, powerful transform-based retrons are rarely present in complex molecules, and additional synthetic steps are often needed to establish their presence. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process involves an electron (hole) incident on the interface from the normal state material at energies less than the superconducting energy gap. The incident electron (hole) forms a Cooper pair in the superconductor with the retroreflection of a hole (electron) of opposite spin and velocity but equal momentum to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As oxygen levels decrease, fish may at first increase movements in an attempt to escape the hypoxic zone, but eventually they greatly reduce their activity levels, thus reducing their energetic (and therefore oxygen) demands. Atlantic herring show this exact pattern. Other examples of fishes that reduce their activity ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The IPF Dresden was founded on January 1, 1992, emerging from the largest polymer research center of the former GDR, which was at the time already internationally acknowledged. Since then the IPF Dresden developed into a leading institute in selected topics of polymer science.
As all Leibniz institutes, the IPF is eval... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transplatin, the trans-stereoisomer of cisplatin, has formula trans-[PtCl(NH)] and does not exhibit a comparably useful pharmacological effect. Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the reduced anticancer effect of transplatin. Firstly, the trans arrangement of the chloro ligands is thought to confer transplati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
;Surrounding animals
:Although the pheromone may diffuse off as a territorial representation of the foraging organism, that does not secure the safety of the organism. In fact, this act may do the opposite and attract competing wildlife. With more surrounding predators, or competitors, comes more difficulty with foragi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plutonium selenide forms black crystals of a cubic system, space group Fmm, cell parameters a = 0.57934 nm, Z = 4, structure of the NaCl type.
With increasing pressure, two phase transitions occur: at 20 GPa into the trigonal system and at 35 GPa into the cubic system, a structure of the CsCl type.
Its magnetic suscept... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The inorganic cycle begins with the production of carbonic acid (HCO) from rainwater and gaseous carbon dioxide. Due to this process, normal rain has a pH of around 5.6. Carbonic acid is a weak acid, but over long timescales, it can dissolve silicate rocks (as well as carbonate rocks). Most of the Earth's crust (and ma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flutamide has been found to be effective in the treatment of hirsutism (excessive body/facial hair growth) in numerous studies. It possesses moderate effectiveness for this indication, and the overall quality of the evidence is considered to be moderate. The medication shows equivalent or superior effectiveness to othe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular recognition plays an important role in biological systems and is observed in between receptor-ligand, antigen-antibody, DNA-protein, sugar-lectin, RNA-ribosome, etc. An important example of molecular recognition is the antibiotic vancomycin that selectively binds with the peptides with terminal D-alanyl-D-ala... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the most common class of pincer ligands features PCP donor sets, variations have been developed where the phosphines are replaced by thioethers and tertiary amines. Many pincer ligands also feature nitrogenous donors at the central coordinating group position (see figure), such as pyridines.
An easily prepare... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main functions of detonation spray coatings are to protect against corrosion (due to low oxygen content), abrasion and adhesion under low load. This means that detonation spraying produces hard durable coatings that are suitable for:
* Various components of general machinery: shafts, seals, bushings, bearings, seal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As particles and droplets in an aerosol collide with one another, they may undergo coalescence or aggregation. This process leads to a change in the aerosol particle-size distribution, with the mode increasing in diameter as total number of particles decreases. On occasion, particles may shatter apart into numerous sma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The column used for GPC is filled with a microporous packing material. The column is filled with the gel. Since the total penetration volume is the maximum volume permeated by the analytes, and there is no retention on the surface of the stationary phase, the total column volume is usually large, relatively to the samp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Without loss of generality, we can consider only centered profiles, which peak at zero. The Voigt profile is then
where x is the shift from the line center, is the centered Gaussian profile:
and is the centered Lorentzian profile:
The defining integral can be evaluated as:
where Re[w(z)] is the real part of the Fadd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP) is a type of pipe reinforced using a high strength synthetic fibre such as glass, aramid or carbon. It was initially developed in the early 1990s by Wavin Repox, Akzo Nobel and by Tubes d'Aquitaine from France, who developed the first pipes reinforced with synthetic fibre to replace ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The configuration index is a single digit which is the priority number of the ligand trans to the highest priority ligand. (If there are two possibilities the principle of trans difference is applied). As an example, (acetonitrile)dichlorido(pyridine)platinum(II) complex where the Cl ligands may be trans or cis to one ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been found that Arc may have been acquired by animals more than once. While Arc seems to be closely related among all tetrapods, the versions of Arc found in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), silkworms (Bombyx mori), and Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) may have been transferred to a common ancestor of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Laser Doppler velocimetry is often chosen over other forms of flow measurement because the equipment can be outside of the flow being measured and therefore has no effect on the flow. Some typical applications include the following:
*Wind tunnel velocity experiments for testing aerodynamics of aircraft, missiles, cars,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DLI affects many plant traits. Generalised dose-response curves show that DLI is particularly limiting individual plant growth and functioning below 5 mol·m·d, whereas most traits approach saturation beyond a DLI of 20 mol·m·d. Although not all plants respond in the same way and different wavelengths have various effec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The marine biological pump depends on a number of key pools, components and processes that influence its functioning. There are four main pools of carbon in the ocean.
* Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the largest pool. It constitutes around 38,000 Pg C and includes dissolved carbon dioxide (CO), bicarbonate (), ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a two-jet final state, a useful measure of acoplanarity is
where are the azimuthal angles of the final state jets with respect to the beam line.
An alternative measure of acoplanarity which is infrared safe and which works for broad jets of many particles is given by
where are the momenta of the final state parti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The simplest application of this technique is to assess whether a given protein binds to a region of interest within a DNA molecule. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplify and label region of interest that contains a potential protein-binding site, ideally amplicon is between 50 and 200 base pairs in length. Add prote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the school, a paramanu (atom) is an indestructible particle of matter. The atom is indivisible because it is a state at which no measurement can be attributed. They used invariance arguments to determine properties of the atoms. It also stated that anu can have two states—absolute rest and a state of moti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two of the main functions of carbohydrates are energy storage and providing structure. One of the common sugars known as glucose is a carbohydrate, but not all carbohydrates are sugars. There are more carbohydrates on Earth than any other known type of biomolecule; they are used to store energy and genetic information,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Research has shown that cells undergoing rapid growth have shown changes in their metabolism. These changes are observed with regards to glucose metabolism. The changes in metabolism occur because the rate of metabolism controls various signal transduction pathways that coordinate the activation of transcription factor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A gaur that died of natural causes had some skin cells frozen and added to the San Diego Frozen Zoo. Eight years later, DNA from these cells was inserted into a domestic-cow egg to create an embryo (trans-species cloning), which was then implanted in a domestic cow (Bos taurus). On 8 January 2001, the gaur, named Noah,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To capture genomic regions of interest using in-solution capture, a pool of custom oligonucleotides (probes) is synthesized and hybridized in solution to a fragmented genomic DNA sample. The probes (labeled with beads) selectively hybridize to the genomic regions of interest after which the beads (now including the DNA... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There has been controversy over energy-balance messages that downplay energy intake being promoted by food industry groups. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Interplanetary contamination occurs when a planetary body is biologically contaminated by a space probe or spacecraft, either deliberately or unintentionally. This can work both on arrival to the foreign planetary body and upon return to Earth. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Halocarbons are less prolific compounds developed for diverse uses throughout industry; for example as solvents and refrigerants. Nevertheless, the buildup of relatively small concentrations (parts per trillion) of chlorofluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon gases in the atmosphere is responsible for ab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the sandwich hybridization ELISA assay format, the antigen ligand and antibodies in ELISA are replaced with a nucleic acid analyte, complementary oligonucleotide capture and detection probes.
Generally, in the case of nucleic acid hybridization, monovalent salt concentration and temperature are controlled for hybrid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 1761 onwards, copper plating had been fitted to the undersides of Royal Navy ships to protect the wood from attack by shipworms. However, the copper bottoms were gradually corroded by exposure to the salt water. Between 1823 and 1825, Davy, assisted by Michael Faraday, attempted to protect the copper by electroche... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Moving wire IRMS is useful for analyzing carbon-13 ratios of compounds in a solution, such as after purification by liquid chromatography. The solution (or outflow from the chromatography) is dried onto a nickel or stainless steel wire. After the residue is deposited on the wire, it enters a furnace where the sample ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The starting of Townsend discharge sets the upper limit to the blocking voltage a glow discharge gas-filled tube can withstand. This limit is the Townsend discharge breakdown voltage, also called ignition voltage of the tube.
The occurrence of Townsend discharge, leading to glow discharge breakdown shapes the current–v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vertebrate genes and proteins have names (typically strings of words) and symbols, which are short identifiers (typically 3 to 8 characters). For example, the gene cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 has the HGNC symbol CTLA4. These symbols are usually, but not always, coined by contraction or acronymic abbrevi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Emeritus Group at MPI-Marburg is headed by renowned biochemist and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize recipient, Rudolf K. Thauer, who was also the founding director of the institute when it was established in 1991. The scientific focus of the group is on the biochemistry of methanogenic archaea, methanotrophic archae... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Significant nonspecific protein adsorption during implantation can cause adverse effects. However, some proteins can be beneficial in stabilizing the implant by reducing micro-motion and implant migration, as well as improving the signal quality through increased neuron connection; improving the long-term performance. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
More powerful gamma rays from very distant quasars and closer active galaxies are thought to have a gamma ray production source similar to a particle accelerator. High energy electrons produced by the quasar, and subjected to inverse Compton scattering, synchrotron radiation, or bremsstrahlung, are the likely source of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1) The elastic modulus of the implant is decreased, allowing the implant to better match the elastic modulus of the bone. The elastic modulus of cortical bone (~18 GPa) is significantly lower than typical solid titanium or steel implants (110 GPa and 210 GPa, respectively), causing the implant take up a disproportionat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metabolic control analysis (MCA) is a mathematical framework for describing
metabolic, signaling, and genetic pathways. MCA quantifies how variables, such as fluxes and species concentrations, depend on network parameters.
In particular, it is able to describe how network-dependent properties,
called control coefficie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In pattern comparison the general shapes of electropherograms of different samples are compared for changes such as presence-absence of peaks between treatments, their relative size, etc. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calcium hydroxide is typically added to a bundle of areca nut and betel leaf called "paan" to keep the alkaloid stimulants chemically available to enter the bloodstream via sublingual absorption.
It is used in making naswar (also known as nass or niswar), a type of dipping tobacco made from fresh tobacco leaves, calciu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a class of in vitro biochemical test used for rapid detection of antibody or antigen in sample. FPIA is a competitive homogenous assay, that consists of a simple prepare and read method, without the requirement of separation or washing steps.
The basis of the assay is flu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A quantity of radioactive waste typically consists of a number of radionuclides, which are unstable isotopes of elements that undergo decay and thereby emit ionizing radiation, which is harmful to humans and the environment. Different isotopes emit different types and levels of radiation, which last for different perio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aerobic desaturation is the most widespread pathway for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. It is utilized in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. This pathway utilizes desaturases to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids from full-length saturated fatty acid substrates. All desaturases require oxygen and ultimately... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Exemestane is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor positive early breast cancer who have received two to three years of tamoxifen and are switched to it for completion of a total of five consecutive years of adjuvant hormonal therapy.
US FDA approval was in October 1999.
E... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcription fidelity is achieved through multiple mechanisms. RNA polymerases select correct nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrate to prevent transcription errors. Only the NTP which correctly base pairs with the coding base in the DNA is admitted to the active center. RNA polymerase performs two known proof readin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stokes law is the basis of the falling-sphere viscometer, in which the fluid is stationary in a vertical glass tube. A sphere of known size and density is allowed to descend through the liquid. If correctly selected, it reaches terminal velocity, which can be measured by the time it takes to pass two marks on the tube.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many different color reagents have been developed for determining the concentrations of different substances. For example, Nessler's reagent can be used to determine the concentration of a solution of ammonia. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In scientific visualization a streamlet is used to visualize flows. It is essentially a short streamline segment. Normally the length of a streamlet is proportional to the flow magnitude at its seed point. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kursk submarine disaster was initially thought to have been caused by a faulty Shkval supercavitating torpedo, though later evidence points to a faulty 65-76 torpedo. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Passive ventilation is the process of supplying air to and removing air from an indoor space without using mechanical systems. It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure differences arising from natural forces.
There are two types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: win... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A list of nuclear medicine radiopharmaceuticals follows. Some radioisotopes are used in ionic or inert form without attachment to a pharmaceutical; these are also included. There is a section for each radioisotope with a table of radiopharmaceuticals using that radioisotope. The sections are ordered alphabetically by t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the carbon in freshwater is partly acquired from aged carbon, such as rocks, then the result will be a reduction in the / ratio in the water. For example, rivers that pass over limestone, which is mostly composed of calcium carbonate, will acquire carbonate ions. Similarly, groundwater can contain carbon derived fro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The study of action potentials has required the development of new experimental methods. The initial work, prior to 1955, was carried out primarily by Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley, who were, along John Carew Eccles, awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their contribution to the de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) is a technique for the determination of the surface structure of single-crystalline materials by bombardment with a collimated beam of low-energy electrons (30–200 eV). In this case the Ewald sphere leads to approximately back-reflection, as illustrated in Figure 20, and d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Joanna V. Clark is an American geoscientist working for Geocontrols Systems Inc on the JETS Contract at NASA Johnson Space Center. She is collaborator on the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Mars Science Lab (MSL) science teams. Her research includes oxychlorines, chlorides, phyllosilicates, manganese oxides and has a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Significant ERH technological advancements have occurred over the last five years. Three areas of focus have been: bedrock remediation, 1,4-dioxane and other emerging contaminants, and controlled low temperature heat to enhance other remedial or natural processes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To quantitatively assess changes in the composition of biologic communities, IBIs are developed to accurately reflect the ecological complexity from statistical analysis. There is no one universal IBI, and developing metrics that consistently give accurate assessment of the monitored population requires rigorous testin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Bowen, H. J. M., A standard biological material for elementary analysis. In P. W. Sallis (ed.), Proc. of the SAC Conference, Nottingham, UK, pp. 25–31. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1965.
* Bowen, H. J. M., Kale as a reference material. In W. R. Wolf (ed.), Biological Reference Materials: Availability, uses and need... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To perform SCODA concentration of DNA molecules, the sample must be embedded in the separation media (gel) in locations where the electrophoretic field is of optimal intensity. This initial translocation of the sample into the optimal concentration position is referred to as "injection". The optimal position is determi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to various products is usually described as:
The redox potentials for these reactions are similar to that for hydrogen evolution in aqueous electrolytes, thus electrochemical reduction of CO is usually competitive with hydrogen evolution reaction.
Electrochemical methods ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are three types of reactions that clinopyroxene is involved in and can be used for thermobarometry.
Univariant reactions or displaced equilibria reactions either create or destroy phases within the magma. Each phase will eventually crystalize as a unique mineral. Based on the temperature and pressure conditions, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkaline tide (mal del puerco) refers to a condition, normally encountered after eating a meal, where during the production of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells in the stomach, the parietal cells secrete bicarbonate ions across their basolateral membranes and into the blood, causing a temporary increase in blood ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil biota (soil microflora, soil animals) are sensitive to soil pH, either directly upon contact or after soil ingestion or indirectly through the various soil properties to which pH contributes (e.g. nutrient status, metal toxicity, humus form). According to the various physiological and behavioural adaptations of so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Integrating equation over the control volume containing node N, and using Gauss’ theorem i.e.,
Yields the following result,
Where, A is the cross-sectional area of the control volume.
The equation must also satisfy the continuity equation, i.e.,
Now let us define variables F and D to represent the convection mass flux... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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