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*Hattori, K. (1993). High-sulfur magma, a product of fluid discharge from underlying mafic magma: evidence from Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Geology, 21(12), 1083–1086.
*Hattori, K. H., & Keith, J. D. (2001). Contribution of mafic melt to porphyry copper mineralization: evidence from Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, and B... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The flux control summation theorem was discovered independently by the Kacser/Burns group and the Heinrich/Rapoport group in the early 1970s and late 1960s. The flux control summation theorem implies that metabolic fluxes are systemic properties and that their control is shared by all reactions in the system. When a si... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A governing equation which describes the atom concentration evolution throughout some interconnect segment, is the conventional mass balance (continuity) equation
where is the atom concentration at the point with a coordinates at the moment of time , and is the total atomic flux at this location. The total atomic fl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An internal control region is a sequence of DNA located with the coding region of eukaryotic genes that binds regulatory elements such as activators or repressors. This region can recruit RNA Polymerase or contribute to splicing. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To effect dual activation by a single metal, the same metal species that activates the enolate also interacts with the alkyne. Though the precise mechanisms are poorly understood and likely vary from case to case, metals such as In, Zn, Fe, and Cu are proposed to operate via this mode. One reaction system thought to pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Knockouts are accomplished through a variety of techniques. Originally, naturally occurring mutations were identified and then gene loss or inactivation had to be established by DNA sequencing or other methods. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur–Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore by converting the gold to a water-soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. Cyanidation is also widely use... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The absorbance of an object quantifies how much of the incident light is absorbed by it (instead of being reflected or refracted). This may be related to other properties of the object through the Beer–Lambert law.
Precise measurements of the absorbance at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via ab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Green roofs can be categorized as intensive, semi-intensive, or extensive, depending on the depth of planting medium and the amount of maintenance they need. Extensive green roofs traditionally support of vegetation while intensive roofs support of vegetation. Traditional roof gardens, which require a reasonable dept... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A real polymer is not freely-jointed. A -C-C- single bond has a fixed tetrahedral angle of 109.5 degrees. The value of L is well-defined for, say, a fully extended polyethylene or nylon, but it is less than N x l because of the zig-zag backbone. There is, however, free rotation about many chain bonds. The model above c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane reacts with aldehydes to give a two carbon atom extension. The carbomethoxymethylene group replaces the oxygen of the aldehyde to give a trans- double bond. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Substitution, nucleophilic bimolecular reactions are concerted reactions where both the nucleophile and substrate are involved in the rate limiting step. Since this reaction is concerted, the reaction occurs in one step, where the bonds are broken, while new bonds are formed. Therefore, to interpret this reaction, it i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The competition method may be used when a stability constant value is too large to be determined by a direct method. It was first used by Schwarzenbach in the determination of the stability constants of complexes of EDTA with metal ions.
For simplicity consider the determination of the stability constant of a binary c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because it contains free iodine, Lugol's solution at 2% or 5% concentration without dilution is irritating and destructive to mucosa, such as the lining of the esophagus and stomach. Doses of 10 mL of undiluted 5% solution have been reported to cause gastric lesions when used in endoscopy. The LD50 for 5% Iodine is 14,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TFIIB is a single 33kDa polypeptide consisting of 316 amino acids. TFIIB is made up of four functional regions: the C-terminal core domain; the B linker; the B reader and the amino terminal zinc ribbon.
TFIIB makes protein-protein interactions with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) subunit of transcription factor IID, and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, Howarth–Dorodnitsyn transformation (or Dorodnitsyn-Howarth transformation) is a density-weighted coordinate transformation, which reduces variable-density flow conservation equations to simpler form (in most cases, to incompressible form). The transformation was first used by Anatoly Dorodnitsyn in 1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
:Direct methods in crystallography are a collection of mathematical techniques that seek to determine crystal structure based on measurements of diffraction patterns and potentially other a priori knowledge (constraints). The central challenge of inverting measured diffraction intensities (i.e. applying an inverse Four... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In continuum mechanics, the material derivative describes the time rate of change of some physical quantity (like heat or momentum) of a material element that is subjected to a space-and-time-dependent macroscopic velocity field. The material derivative can serve as a link between Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This style is traditional to suburbs of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, including Chester, Bucks, and Montgomery Counties. The amount of the required offset is divided evenly between the hinge and the pintle. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The string-net model is claimed to show the derivation of photons, electrons, and U(1) gauge charge, small (relative to the Planck mass) but nonzero masses, and suggestions that the leptons, quarks, and gluons can be modeled in the same way. In other words, string-net condensation provides a unified origin for photons... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A DTA curve can be used only as a finger print for identification purposes but usually the applications of this method are the determination of phase diagrams, heat change measurements and decomposition in various atmospheres.
DTA is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
DTA may be used in cement chemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flow rate of the liquid phase and molar fractions of the desired compound in it are and .
Flow rate of the vapour phase and molar fractions of the desired compound in it are and . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isostructural chemical compounds have similar chemical structures. "Isomorphous" when used in the relation to crystal structures is not synonymous: in addition to the same atomic connectivity that characterises isostructural compounds, isomorphous substances crystallise in the same space group and have the same unit ce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An instance where hyperconjugation may be overlooked as a possible chemical explanation is in rationalizing the rotational barrier of ethane (CH). It had been accepted as early as the 1930s that the staggered conformations of ethane were more stable than the eclipsed conformation. Wilson had proven that the energy barr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxoammonium cations are isoelectronic with carbonyls and structurally related to aldoximes (hydroxylamines), and aminoxyl (nitroxide) radicals, with which they can interconvert via a series of redox steps. According to X-ray crystallography, the N–O distance in [TEMPO]BF is 1.184 Å, 0.1 Å shorter than the N–O distance ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mouse sperm genome is 80–90% methylated at its CpG sites in DNA, amounting to about 20 million methylated sites. After fertilization, early in the first day of embryogenesis, the paternal chromosomes are almost completely demethylated in six hours by an active TET-dependent process, before DNA replication begins (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is still not fully understood how salts are transported from the ocean and oxidized to become reactive halogen species in the air. Other halogens (chlorine and iodine) are also activated through mechanisms coupled to bromine chemistry. The main consequence of halogen activation is chemical destruction of ozone, whic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Based on current evidence, the term of endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor should represent a mechanism rather than a specific factor. The mechanism(s) of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (i.e., EDHF-mediated relaxation) seems to be heterogeneous depending on several factors (e.g., size and vascular bed),... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conventional sewage treatment utilises bioreactors to undertake the main purification processes. In some of these systems, a chemically inert medium with very high surface area is provided as a substrate for the growth of biological film. Separation of excess biological film takes place in settling tanks or cyclone... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bromothymol blue acts as a weak acid in a solution. It can thus be in protonated or deprotonated form, appearing yellow or blue, respectively. It is bright aquamarine by itself, and greenish-blue in a neutral solution. The deprotonation of the neutral form results in a highly conjugated structure, accounting for the di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1971, Eric Wood implemented the first cured-in-place pipe technology in London, England. He called the CIPP process insitu form, derived from the Latin meaning "form in place". Wood applied for U.S. patent no. 4009063 on January 29, 1975. The patent was granted February 22, 1977, and was commercialized by Insituform... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Germanenes electronic and optical properties have been determined from ab initio' calculations, and structural and electronic properties from first principles. These properties make the material suitable for use in the channel of a high-performance field-effect transistor and have generated discussion regarding the use... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A record-long of human transplant organ preservation with machine perfusion of a liver for 3 days rather than usually <12 hours was reported in 2022. It could possibly be extended to 10 days and prevent substantial cell damage by low temperature preservation methods. Alternative approaches include novel cryoprotectant ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Domain walls are spatially extended regions of transition mediating the transfer of the order parameter from one domain to another. In comparison to the domains the domain walls are not homogeneous and they can have a lower symmetry. This may modify the properties of a multiferroic and the coupling of its order paramet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Omega-alicyclic fatty acids typically contain an omega-terminal propyl or butyryl cyclic group and are some of the major membrane fatty acids found in several species of bacteria. The fatty acid synthetase used to produce omega-alicyclic fatty acids is also used to produce membrane branched-chain fatty acids. In bacter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brown dwarfs have greater internal heating than gas giants but not as great as stars. The internal heating within brown dwarfs (initially generated by gravitational contraction) is great enough to ignite and sustain fusion of deuterium with hydrogen to helium; for the largest brown dwarfs, it is also enough to ignite a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology has nine laboratories with key areas of expertise:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728031933/http://www.postech.ac.kr/mse/axal/ Alternative Technology Lab]:
**Continuous casting-related innovation
**Texture control
**Alternative alloying and processing
* [https://web.arc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Variations in the DNA sequences of humans can affect how humans develop diseases and respond to pathogens, chemicals, drugs, vaccines, and other agents. SNPs are also critical for personalized medicine. Examples include biomedical research, forensics, pharmacogenetics, and disease causation, as outlined below. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The presence of these two genes was first suspected when Nelson and Kennedy (1972) showed that there were Mg-repressible and non-repressible Mg uptake systems in E. coli. The non-repressible uptake of Mg is mediated by the CorA protein. In S. typhimurium the repressible Mg uptake was eventually shown to be via the MgtA... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several extensions of the dual-plane stereoscopic PIV idea available. There is an option to create several parallel laser sheets using a set of beamsplitters and quarter-wave plates, providing three or more planes, using a single laser unit and stereoscopic PIV setup, called XPIV. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleic acid was first discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 at the University of Tübingen, Germany. He gave its first name as nuclein.
In the early 1880s Albrecht Kossel further purified the substance and discovered its highly acidic properties. He later also identified the nucleobases.
In 1889 Richard Altmann crea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DPVweb is a database for virologists working on plant viruses combining taxonomic, bioinformatic and symptom data. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the Palm Island outbreak, several other species of cyanobacteria have been identified as producing CYN: Anabaena bergii, Anabaena lapponica , Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, Umezakia natans, Raphidiopsis curvata. and Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi. In Australia, three main toxic cyanobacteria exist: Anabaena circinalis, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microscale thermophoresis (MST) measures the size, charge and hydration entropy of molecules/substrates at equilibrium. The thermophoretic movement of a fluorescently labeled substrate changes significantly as it is modified by an enzyme. This enzymatic activity can be measured with high time resolution in real time. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Foams are materials formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.
A bath sponge and the head on a glass of beer are examples of foams. In most foams, the volume of gas is large, with thin films of liquid or solid separating the regions of gas. Soap foams are also known as suds.
Solid foams can be closed-cell ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Besides chemical bonds, compliance constants are also useful for determining non-covalent bonds, such as H-bonds in Watson-Crick base pairs. Grunenberg calculated the compliance constant for each of the donor-H⋯acceptor linkages in AT and CG base pairs and found that the central N-H⋯N bond in CG base pair is the strong... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "half-life" is almost exclusively used for decay processes that are exponential (such as radioactive decay or the other examples above), or approximately exponential (such as biological half-life discussed below). In a decay process that is not even close to exponential, the half-life will change dramatically ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The oxoeicosanoids are nonclassic eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid (AA).
For example, Lipoxygenase produces 5-HETE from AA; a dehydrogenase then produces 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, an oxoeicosanoid, from 5-HETE.
They are similar to the leukotrienes in their actions, but they act via a different receptor. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leaching is a process widely used in extractive metallurgy where ore is treated with chemicals to convert the valuable metals within the ore, into soluble salts while the impurity remains insoluble. These can then be washed out and processed to give the pure metal; the materials left over are commonly known as tailing... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The process of activation and binding in eukaryotes is different from bacteria in the way that specific DNA elements bind the factors for a functional pre-initiation complex. In bacteria there is a single polymerase, that contain catalytic subunits and a single regulatory subunits known as sigma, which transcribe for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The project was not continued with the change in administrations after the 1980 United States elections. The Office of Technology Assessment concluded that "Too little is currently known about the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of SPS to make a sound decision whether to proceed with its development and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is prepared by electrofluorination of tributylamine using hydrogen fluoride as solvent and source of fluorine: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Common adverse drug reactions are nausea and vomiting. People who are allergic to penicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics should take caution if taking imipenem, as cross-reactivity rates are high. At high doses, imipenem is seizurogenic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Photosynthesis: Plants use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
*Human formation of vitamin D by exposure to sunlight.
*Bioluminescence: e.g. In fireflies, an enzyme in the abdomen catalyzes a reaction that produces light.
*Polymerizations started by photoinitiators, which decompos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Common sphere packings taken on by atomic systems are listed below with their corresponding packing fraction.
* Hexagonal close-packed (HCP): 0.74
* Face-centered cubic (FCC): 0.74 (also called cubic close-packed, CCP)
* Body-centered cubic (BCC): 0.68
* Simple cubic: 0.52
* Diamond cubic: 0.34
The majority of metals t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some cryoprotectants function by lowering the glass transition temperature of a solution or of a material. In this way, the cryoprotectant prevents actual freezing, and the solution maintains some flexibility in a glassy phase. Many cryoprotectants also function by forming hydrogen bonds with biological molecules as wa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The model permits a maximum of 240 internal and 120 external polygons with a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 6 sides each. The subdivision of the area into polygons, based on nodal points with known coordinates, should be governed by the characteristics of the distribution of the cropping, irrigation, drainage and ground... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the late 1840s, the German chemist developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercialized in Germany, France and the UK in the 1850s, and puddled steel was the main raw material for Krupp cast steel even in the 1870s. Befor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
We thus have two new kinds of isometry subgroups: all translations, and rotations sharing a fixed point. Both are subgroups of the even subgroup, within which translations are normal. Because translations are a normal subgroup, we can factor them out leaving the subgroup of isometries with a fixed point, the orthogonal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, free induction decay (FID) is the observable NMR signal generated by non-equilibrium nuclear spin magnetization precessing about the magnetic field (conventionally along z). This non-equilibrium magnetization can be created generally by applying a pulse of r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When embedded in an atomic nucleus, neutrons are (usually) stable particles. Outside the nucleus, free neutrons are unstable and have a mean lifetime of or (about and or , respectively). Therefore, the half-life for this process (which differs from the mean lifetime by a factor of ) is (about , ).
The beta decay ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal expansion changes the space between particles of a substance, which changes the volume of the substance while negligibly changing its mass (the negligible amount comes from mass–energy equivalence), thus changing its density, which has an effect on any buoyant forces acting on it. This plays a crucial role in c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mach stem formation occurs when a blast wave reflects off the ground and the reflection catches up with the original shock front, therefore creating a high pressure zone that extends from the ground up to a certain point called the triple point at the edge of the blast wave. Anything in this area experiences peak press... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A solubility equilibrium exists when a chemical compound in the solid state is in chemical equilibrium with a solution containing the compound. This type of equilibrium is an example of dynamic equilibrium in that some individual molecules migrate between the solid and solution phases such that the rates of dissolution... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A covalent bond joining atoms in an organic molecule consists of a group of two electrons. Such a group is referred to as an electron pair. Reactions in organic chemistry proceed through the sequential breaking and formation of such bonds. Organic chemists recognize two processes for the breaking of a chemical bond.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrochlorination is the process of producing hypochlorite by passing electric current through salt water. This disinfects the water and makes it safe for human use, such as for drinking water or swimming pools. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Routine tests for surface dealkalization in the glass container industry all generally aim to evaluate the amount of alkali extracted from the glass when it is rinsed with or exposed to purified water. For example, dealkalization can be quickly checked by introducing a small volume of distilled water to a freshly made... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Promoters are DNA segments near the 5' end of the gene where transcription begins. They are the sites where RNA polymerase binds to initiate RNA synthesis. Every gene has a noncoding promoter.
Regulatory elements are sites that control the transcription of a nearby gene. They are almost always sequences where transcrip... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic. The odors of thiols, particularly those of low molecular weight, are often strong and repulsive. The spray of skunks consists mainly of low-molecular-weight thiols and derivatives. These compounds are detectable by the human nose at concentrations of only 10 part... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AOAC International is a 501(c) non-profit scientific association with headquarters in Rockville, Maryland. It was founded in 1884 as the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) and became AOAC International in 1991. It publishes standardized, chemical analysis methods designed to increase confidence in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Porphine or porphin is an organic compound of empirical formula . It is heterocyclic and aromatic. The molecule is a flat macrocycle, consisting of four pyrrole-like rings joined by four methine bridges, which makes it the simplest of the tetrapyrroles.
The nonpolar tetrapyrrolic ring structure of porphine means it is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
myo-Inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) is an inositol phosphate, a pyrophosphate, a drug candidate, and a putative performance-enhancing substance, which exerts its biological effects by increasing tissue oxygenation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most recent and most clear cut example of enzyme evolution is the rise of bioremediating enzymes in the past 60 years. Due to the very low number of amino acid changes, these provide an excellent model to investigate enzyme evolution in nature. However, using extant enzymes to determine how the family of enzymes ev... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most important operating parameters of disc filters are the height of the slurry tank, agitation and the intensity and rotation speed of the disc as these will determine the cake formation and drying times. It is important to continuously agitate the slurry in order to prevent sedimentation of the solids. Excessive... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stable isotope labeling by/with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a technique based on mass spectrometry that detects differences in protein abundance among samples using non-radioactive isotopic labeling. It is a popular method for quantitative proteomics. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An example of undesirable work hardening is during machining when early passes of a cutter inadvertently work-harden the workpiece surface, causing damage to the cutter during the later passes. Certain alloys are more prone to this than others; superalloys such as Inconel require machining strategies that take it into ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These relief structures, called "storm-water regulators" (in American English - or "combined sewer overflows" in British English) are constructed in combined sewer systems to divert flows in excess of the peak design flow of the sewage treatment plant. Combined sewers are built with control sections establishing stage-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*In the hydrodynamic interpretation of the behaviour of electromagnetic fields, the acceleration of electric fluid in a particular direction creates a positive vortex of magnetic fluid. This in turn creates around itself a corresponding negative vortex of electric fluid. Exact solutions to classical nonlinear magnetic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Indolyl-3-acryloylglycine, also known as trans-indolyl-3-acryloylglycine, or IAG for short, is a compound consisting of an indole group attached to an acrylic acid moiety, which is in turn attached to a glycine molecule. This compound has been shown to isomerize when exposed to light. It is likely a metabolic intermedi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Effectively, the postulate states that the structure of a transition state resembles that of the species nearest to it in free energy. This can be explained with reference to potential energy diagrams:
In case (a), which is an exothermic reaction, the energy of the transition state is closer in energy to that of the re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lewis formulae are rule-based approximations of chemical reality, as are Allen electronegativities. Still, oxidation states may seem ambiguous when their determination is not straightforward. If only an experiment can determine the oxidation state, the rule-based determination is ambiguous (insufficient). There are als... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In his book Chance and Necessity, Jacques Monod described the functions of proteins and other molecules capable of recognizing with elective discrimination a substrate or ligand or other molecule. In describing these molecules he introduced the term cognitive functions, the same cognitive functions that Maxwell attribu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics, the signal might be a wave, such as an electromagnetic wave, an acoustic wave, or the vibration of a mechanism. The power spectral density (PSD) of the signal describes the power present in the signal as a function of frequency, per unit frequency. Power spectral density is commonly expressed in watts per h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Arab bibliographer Ibn al-Nadim, al-Kindi wrote at least two hundred and sixty books, contributing heavily to geometry (thirty-two books), medicine and philosophy (twenty-two books each), logic (nine books), and physics (twelve books). Although most of his books have been lost over the centuries, a few hav... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The compressive properties of syntactic foams, in most cases, strongly depend on the properties of the filler particle material. In general, the compressive strength of the material is proportional to its density. Cementitious syntactic foams are reported to achieve compressive strength values greater than while maint... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Slip-joint fittings are frequently used in kitchen, bathroom and tub drainage systems. They include a detached (movable) slip nut and slip-joint washer; the washer is made of rubber or nylon. An advantage of this type of fitting is that the pipe it is connecting to does not need to be cut to a precise length; the slip ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Roses metal, Rose metal or Roses alloy is a fusible alloy with a low melting point.
Rose's metal consists of 50% bismuth, 25–28% lead and 22–25% tin. Its melting point is between . The alloy does not appreciably contract or expand on solidification, this characteristic being a function of its bismuth percentage, but do... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Usually called RTD – Riverine Tailings Disposal. In most environments, not a particularly environmentally sound practice, it has seen significant utilisation in the past, leading to such spectacular environmental damage as done by the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company in Tasmania to the King River, or the poisonin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift re-referencing is a chemical analysis method for chemical shift referencing in biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It has been estimated that up to 20% of 13C and up to 35% of 15N shift assignments are improperly referenced. Given that the structural and dynamic info... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Albert Strickler (25 July 1887 – 1 February 1963) was a Swiss mechnical engineer recognized for contributions to our understanding of hydraulic roughness in open channel and pipe flow. Strickler proposed that hydraulic roughness could be characterized as a function of measurable surface roughness and described the conc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photofission is a process in which a nucleus, after absorbing a gamma ray, undergoes nuclear fission and splits into two or more fragments.
The reaction was discovered in 1940 by a small team of engineers and scientists operating the Westinghouse Atom Smasher at the company's Research Laboratories in Forest Hills, Pen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coenzyme A is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B), which is found in food such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. In humans and most living organisms, pantothenate is an essential vitamin that has a variety of functions. In some plants and bacteria, including Escherichia coli, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The information collected from these studies is vital so that safe human testing can begin. Typically, in drug development studies animal testing involves two species. The most commonly used models are murine and canine, although primate and porcine are also used. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antioxidants are an important group of anticarcinogenic compounds that may help remove ROS or potentially harmful chemicals. These may be found naturally in fruits and vegetables. Examples of antioxidants are vitamin A and its carotenoid precursors, vitamin C, vitamin E, polyphenols, and various other compounds. β-Caro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Building on his earlier pioneering research on the surface passivation and thermal oxidation processes, Atalla developed the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) process. Atalla then proposed that a field effect transistor–a concept first envisioned in the 1920s and confirmed experimentally in the 1940s, but not achieved as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In double knockout STAT2 mice, an increased proliferation of M1, M2, and M1/M2 coexpressing macrophages during influenza-bacterial super-infection is observed. The bacterial clearance was also impaired by neutralization of IFN-γ (M1) and Arginase-1 (M2) what suggests that pulmonary macrophages expressing a mixed M1/M2... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gels consist of a solid three-dimensional network that spans the volume of a liquid medium and ensnares it through surface tension effects. This internal network structure may result from physical bonds such as polymer chain entanglements (see polymers) (physical gels) or chemical bonds such as disulfide bonds (see th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In materials science, a thermosetting polymer, often called a thermoset, is a polymer that is obtained by irreversibly hardening ("curing") a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer (resin). Curing is induced by heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by high pressure or mixing with a catalyst. Heat is not neces... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Available data suggests that mefloquine is safe and effective for use by pregnant women during all trimesters of pregnancy, and it is widely used for this indication. In pregnant women, mefloquine appears to pose minimal risk to the fetus, and is not associated with increased risk of birth defects or miscarriages. Comp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, commonly abbreviated to TBAF and n-BuNF, is a quaternary ammonium salt with the chemical formula (CHCHCHCH)NF. It is commercially available as the white solid trihydrate and as a solution in tetrahydrofuran. TBAF is used as a source of fluoride ion in organic solvents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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