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These forms of AC have been reported in specific bacteria (Prevotella ruminicola and Rhizobium etli , respectively) and have not been extensively characterized. There are a few extra members (~400 in Pfam) known to be in class VI. Class VI enzymes possess a catalytic core similar to the one in Class III. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lanthanum(III) oxide, also known as lanthana, chemical formula , is an inorganic compound containing the rare earth element lanthanum and oxygen. It is used in some ferroelectric materials, as a component of optical materials, and is a feedstock for certain catalysts, among other uses. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A composite cross population (CCP) is created by crossing a number of plants from different lines, and subsequently bulking seeds from the resulting offspring. This makes a CCP a population of plants with a lot of inherent genetic diversity, in contrast to monocultures where all plants are clones and homozygous at all ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the Eulerian velocity as a monochromatic wave of any nature in a continuous medium: one readily obtains by the perturbation theory with as a small parameter for the particle position
Here the last term describes the Stokes drift velocity | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfide deposition within the trap zone occurs when metal-carrying sulfate, sulfide, or other complexes become chemically unstable due to one or more of the following processes;
*falling temperature, which renders the complex unstable or metal insoluble
*loss of pressure, which has the same effect
*reaction with chemic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When using different types of microspheres, SAT is capable of simultaneously testing multiple variables, such as DNA and proteins, in a given sample. This allows SAT to analyze variety of molecular targets during a single reaction. The common nucleic acid detection method includes direct DNA hybridization. The direct D... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A fluorophore's environment can impact quantum yield, usually resulting from changes in the rates of non-radiative decay. Many fluorophores used to label macromolecules are sensitive to solvent polarity. The class of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) probe molecules are essentially non-fluorescent when in aqu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phytoplankton produces DOC by extracellular release commonly accounting between 5 and 30% of their total primary production, although this varies from species to species. Nonetheless, this release of extracellular DOC is enhanced under high light and low nutrient levels, and thus should increase relatively from eutroph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Atmospheric concentrations fluctuate slightly with the seasons, falling during the Northern Hemisphere spring and summer as plants consume the gas and rising during northern autumn and winter as plants go dormant or die and decay. The level drops by about 6 or 7 ppm (about 50 Gt) from May to September during the North... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen than nitrogen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than the N–C dipole. The presence of a C=O dipole and, to a lesser extent a N–C dipole, allows amides to act as H-bond acceptors. In primary and secondary amides, the presence of N–H dipoles allows amides to functi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At the most simple level, the Olszewski tube is a pipe that spans from the bottom, hypolimnetic layer of the lake to the outlet. The outlet part of the pipe is installed under lake level in order for the device to act as a siphon. Once warm water flows in the lake at the surface, it forces the cold anoxic water of the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
James Robert Durrant is a British photochemist. He is a professor of photochemistry at Imperial College London and Sêr Cymru Solar Professor at Swansea University. He serves as director of the centre for plastic electronics (CPE). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfur has 24 known isotopes, 4 of which are stable (meaning that they do not undergo radioactive decay). S, the common isotope of sulfur, makes up 95.0% of the natural sulfur on Earth. In the atomic symbol of S, the number 32 refers to the mass of each sulfur atom in daltons, the result of the 16 protons and 16 neutro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An akamptisomer is a type of conformational isomer characterized by a hindered inversion of a bond angle. It was first discovered in 2018 in a series of bridged porphyrin molecules. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* azotic air
* azote – means lifeless, or a-zote for "not life", generally regarded as the solid constituent whereas azotic gas was the gaseous form.
* phlogisticated air
*atmospherical memphitic gas
* mephitis
*nitrogene
* base of mephitis
*stickstoffgas | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Despite its beneficial properties, NiAl generally suffers from two factors: very high brittleness at low temperatures (Al-based alloys these issues are generally addressed via the integration of other elements. Attempted elements can be broken into three groups depending on their influence of microstructure:
* Elements... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Numerous hybrid organic–inorganic materials that contain POM cores,
Illustrative of the diverse structures of POM is the ion , which has face-shared octahedra with Mo atoms at the vertices of an icosahedron). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In animals and humans, after ingestion, natural phenols become part of the xenobiotic metabolism. In subsequent phase II reactions, these activated metabolites are conjugated with charged species such as glutathione, sulfate, glycine or glucuronic acid. These reactions are catalysed by a large group of broad-specificit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the depositing particles attract each other, they will deposit and aggregate at the same time. This situation will result in a porous layer made of particle aggregates at the surface, and is referred to as ripening. The porosity of this layer will depend whether the particle aggregation process is fast or slow. Sl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PET imaging has been used for imaging muscles and bones. FDG is the most commonly used tracer for imaging muscles, and NaF-F18 is the most widely used tracer for imaging bones. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a family of retroelements that were first found in Bordetella phage (BPP-1), and since been found in bacteria (e.g.Treponema denticola and Legionella pneumophila), Archaea, Archaean viruses (e.g. ANMV-1), temperate phages (e.g. Hankyphage and CrAss-like phage), and lytic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of nucleophilic substitution by lower-order organocuprates depends in a profound way on the structure of the substrate, organocuprate, and reaction conditions. Early evidence suggested that a direct S2 displacement was occurring; however more recent results suggest that invertive oxidative addition of cop... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CDPs forests program has over 290 signatory investors in its network, which collectively represent about US$19 trillion in combined assets. CDP collects information about the four agricultural commodities responsible for most deforestation: timber, palm oil, cattle and soy. CDPs forests program was first set up by the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Z-factor is a measure of statistical effect size. It has been proposed for use in high-throughput screening (HTS), where it is also known as Z-prime, to judge whether the response in a particular assay is large enough to warrant further attention. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Capillary pressure formulas are derived from the pressure relationship between two fluid phases in a capillary tube in equilibrium, which is that force up = force down. These forces are described as:
These forces can be described by the interfacial tension and contact angle of the fluids, and the radius of the capillar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
mA is not the only RNA modification that can be found in viral RNAs. For instance, N,2-O-dimethyladenosine (mA) can be found in influenza and herpes simplex virus type 1, even though the effect this mark has on the life cycle of these viruses remains unknown. NAT10 mediated acetylation of cytidines on HIV-1 RNA was rec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipidology is the scientific study of lipids. Lipids are a group of biological macromolecules that have a multitude of functions in the body. Clinical studies on lipid metabolism in the body have led to developments in therapeutic lipidology for disorders such as cardiovascular disease. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The IPF's research program is jointly set up and implemented by researchers of the different IPF institutes. They address six strategic topics:
# Basic concepts of soft matter
# Bio-inspired materials
# Functional materials and system integration
# Process controlled structural materials
# Data science-based material r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reaction centers are multi-protein complexes found within the thylakoid membrane.
At the heart of a photosystem lies the reaction center, which is an enzyme that uses light to reduce and oxidize molecules (give off and take up electrons). This reaction center is surrounded by light-harvesting complexes that enhance the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Even though the surface tension can be greatly reduced by pulmonary surfactant, this effect will depend on the surfactants concentration on the interface. The interface concentration has a saturation limit, which depends on temperature and mixture composition. Because during ventilation there is a variation of the lung... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Committed dose equivalent and Committed effective dose equivalent are dose quantities used in the United States system of radiological protection for irradiation due to an internal source. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the most prolific of these modern biochemists was Hans Krebs who made huge contributions to the study of metabolism. Krebs was a student of extremely important Otto Warburg, and wrote a biography of Warburg by that title in which he presents Warburg as being educated to do for biological chemistry what Fischer d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In contrast, renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar power, have seen substantial growth. This is not only due to the environmental benefits they offer but also because of their increasingly competitive costs. The technological advancements in renewable energy, alongside supportive government policies, ha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Seven autotrophic carbon fixation pathways are known. The Calvin cycle fixes carbon in the chloroplasts of plants and algae, and in the cyanobacteria. It also fixes carbon in the anoxygenic photosynthesis in one type of Pseudomonadota called purple bacteria, and in some non-phototrophic Pseudomonadota.
Of the five othe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although Agricola died in 1555, the publication was delayed until the completion of the extensive and detailed woodcuts one year after his death.
A German translation was published in 1557 and a second Latin edition appeared in 1561. A version in Spanish, though not a mere translation, was produced by Bernardo Pérez d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Upon the identification of the early targets of arginylation by ATE1 (in vitro and in vivo), a pattern emerged. This pattern showed that ATE1 displayed a high affinity for proteins and peptides containing the acidic amino acids asparagine or glutamine which were exposed on the N-terminal side of the protein or peptide.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Product packaging is an important aspect of maintaining the quality of consumer goods. Modern day packaging is split into 2 categories; active packaging and smart packaging. Thermochromic ink has found use in smart packaging, which is the aspect of packaging that deals with monitoring the condition of the products. Sin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plastic pipe systems fulfil a variety of service requirements. Product standards for plastics pipe systems are prepared within the CEN/TC155 standards committee. These requirements are described in a set of European Product Standards for each application alongside their specific characteristics, for example:
*Conveyanc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leprecan, a proteoglycan, has demonstrated prolyl hydroxylase activity; prolyl hydroxylases hydroxylate proline residues. Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, P3H1, forms a larger complex with CRTAP and cyclophilin B, CyPB, in the endoplasimic reticulum. The complex hydroxylates a single proline residue, Pro986, on collagen chains.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several groups of animals have formed symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic algae. These are most common in corals, sponges, and sea anemones. Scientists presume that this is due to the particularly simple body plans and large surface areas of these animals compared to their volumes. In addition, a few marine mol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Seasoning is the process of coating the surface of cookware with fat which is heated in order to produce a corrosion resistant layer of polymerized fat. It is required for raw cast-iron cookware and carbon steel, which otherwise rust rapidly in use, but is also used for many other types of cookware. An advantage of sea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Taste is a form of chemoreception that takes place in the specialised taste receptors, contained in structures called taste buds in the mouth. Taste buds are mainly on the upper surface (dorsum) of the tongue. The function of taste perception is vital to help prevent harmful or rotten foods from being consumed. There a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Currently, the majority of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) fragmentomic techniques lack the ability to achieve gene-level resolution and are effective mainly in inferring expression at elevated ctDNA levels. Consequently, they are primarily applicable to patients with notably advanced tumour burdens typically seen in la... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After an intake of 1.5 mg levonorgestrel in clinical trials, very common side effects (reported by 10% or more) included: hives, dizziness, hair loss, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, uterine pain, delayed menstruation, heavy menstruation, uterine bleeding, and fatigue; common side effects (reported by 1% to 10%) incl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
T790M, also known as Thr790Met, is a gatekeeper mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The mutation substitutes a threonine (T) with a methionine (M) at position 790 of exon 20, affecting the ATP binding pocket of the EGFR kinase domain. Threonine is a small polar amino acid; methionine is a larger n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discovery of mTOR was made in 1994 while investigating the mechanism of action of its inhibitor, rapamycin. Rapamycin was first discovered in 1975 in a soil sample from Easter Island of South Pacific, also known as Rapa Nui, from where its name is derived. Rapamycin is a macrolide, produced by the microorganism Str... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Everhardus Ariëns 1963 was honored at the second International Congress of Pharmacology in Prague with the Purkinje Medal. In 1970 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He also received the Dr. Saal van Zwanenberg Award (1972), the Medal of the Norwegian Poulsson Pharmacological Societ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept underlying the SCGE assay is that undamaged DNA retains a highly organized association with matrix proteins in the nucleus. When damaged, this organization is disrupted. The individual strands of DNA lose their compact structure and relax, expanding out of the cavity into the agarose. When the electric fiel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fast Sulphon Black F is a complexometric indicator used with EDTA, almost exclusively used in copper complexation determination. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most presynaptic terminals release small numbers of neurotransmitter containing vesicles even when action potentials are not present. This is stochastic and the probability of release (Pr) can be modified by numerous factors including the presence and speed of an action potential. These vesicles are released at synapti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Americium often enters landfills from discarded smoke detectors. The rules associated with the disposal of smoke detectors are very relaxed in most municipalities. For instance, in the UK it is permissible to dispose of an americium containing smoke detector by placing it in the dustbin with normal household rubbish, b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prime editing involves three major components:
* A prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), capable of (i) identifying the target nucleotide sequence to be edited, and (ii) encoding new genetic information that replaces the targeted sequence. The pegRNA consists of an extended single guide RNA (sgRNA) containing a primer bind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several theoretical models exist to predict the order of duplication and specialisation events, but the actual process is more intertwined and fuzzy (§ Reconstructed enzymes below). On one hand, gene amplification results in an increase in enzyme concentration, and potentially freedom from a restrictive regulation, the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stringers are filaments of slag left in wrought iron after the production process. In their correct proportions their presence is beneficial, as they help to control the ductility of the finished product, but when the proportion of slag is too high, or when the filaments run at right angles to the direction of tension,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some atoms, notably uranium-238, do not usually undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons, but do split when struck with neutrons of high enough energy. The fast neutrons produced in a hydrogen bomb by fusion of deuterium and tritium have even higher energy than the fast neutrons produced in a nuclear reactor. This ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 2003 - Rfam: an RNA family database.
* 2005 - Rfam: annotating non-coding RNAs in complete genomes.
* 2008 - The RNA WikiProject: community annotation of RNA families.
* 2008 - Rfam: updates to the RNA families database.
* 2011 - Rfam: Wikipedia, clans and the “decimal” release.
* 2012 - Rfam 11.0: 10 years of RNA fa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The specific weight, , of a material is defined as the product of its density, , and the standard gravity, :
The density of the material is defined as mass per unit volume, typically measured in kg/m. The standard gravity is acceleration due to gravity, usually given in m/s, and on Earth usually taken as .
Unlike dens... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A common sulfonyl hydrazide is p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, a white air-stable solid. They are also widely used as organic reagents.
Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide is used to generate toluenesulfonyl hydrazones. When derived from ketones, these hydrazones participate in the Shapiro reaction and the Eschenmoser–Tanabe fragme... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nucleic acid secondary structure is generally divided into helices (contiguous base pairs), and various kinds of loops (unpaired nucleotides surrounded by helices). Frequently these elements, or combinations of them, are further classified into additional categories including, for example, tetraloops, pseudoknots, and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Taube was born November 30, 1915, in Neudorf, Saskatchewan, as the youngest of four boys. His parents were ethnic Germans from Ukraine who had immigrated to Saskatchewan from Ukraine in 1911. Growing up, his first language was Low German. In the 18th century, Catherine the Great encouraged Central European farmers t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concentrations of free calcium in the cell can regulate an array of reactions and is important for signal transduction in the cell. Mitochondria can transiently store calcium, a contributing process for the cell's homeostasis of calcium.
Their ability to rapidly take in calcium for later release makes them good "c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One current goal of the Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG), a part of the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) is to solve the structures for all the proteins in Thermotoga maritima, a thermophillic bacterium. T. maritima was selected as a structural genomics target based on its relatively small genome consistin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ARS is essentially set up to create a fingerprint for different samples by constructive and destructive interferences. Figure 1 is a schematic of the quartz rod ARS which illustrates the path of the sound through the quartz rod. A function generator is the source though any device that is capable of outputting soun... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The number of essentially different kinds of constituents in a crystal tends to be small. The repeating units will tend to be identical because each atom in the structure is most stable in a specific environment. There may be two or three types of polyhedra, such as tetrahedra or octahedra, but there will not be many d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "environmental toxin" can sometimes explicitly include synthetic contaminants such as industrial pollutants and other artificially made toxic substances. As this contradicts most formal definitions of the term "toxin", it is important to confirm what the researcher means when encountering the term outside of m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
José Joaquín Barluenga Mur (27 July 1940 – 7 September 2016) was a Spanish chemist known for his research in organometallic chemistry. He was a professor of chemistry at Oviedo University until his retirement in 2014. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jean-Claude Duplessy, born in 1942, is a French geochemist. He is Director of Research Emeritus at the CNRS and a member of the French Academy of Sciences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Countercurrent distribution (CCD, also spelled "counter current" distribution) is an analytical chemistry technique which was developed by Lyman C. Craig in the 1940s. Countercurrent distribution is a separation process that is founded on the principles of liquid–liquid extraction where a chemical compound is distribut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
More recently many research groups have tried to employ enzymes into DKR synthetic routes. Due to the generally high specificity for substrates, enzymes prove to be vital catalysts for binding to only one stereoisomer in the racemic mixture. In 2007 Bäckvall discovered an enzyme-metal coupled reaction that converts a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since metabolism focuses on the breaking down (catabolic processes) of molecules and the building of larger molecules from these particles (anabolic processes), the use of glucose and its involvement in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is fundamental to this understanding. The most frequent type of glycoly... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) was first identified in 1973 as the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) before discovery that p75NTR bound other neurotrophins equally well as nerve growth factor. p75NTR is a neurotrophic factor receptor. Neurotrophic factor receptors bind Neurotrophins including Ne... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ziryab started a vogue by changing clothes according to the weather and season. He suggested different clothing for mornings, afternoons and evenings. Henri Terrasse, a French historian of North Africa, commented that legend attributes winter and summer clothing styles and "the luxurious dress of the Orient" found in M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unsolved problems have been used to indicate a rare mathematical talent in fiction. The Navier–Stokes problem features in The Mathematicians Shiva (2014), a book about a prestigious, deceased, fictional mathematician named Rachela Karnokovitch taking the proof to her grave in protest of academia. The movie Gifted' (201... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
First, the coverage and quality of an interactome has to be evaluated. Interactomes are never complete, given the limitations of experimental methods. For instance, it has been estimated that typical Y2H screens detect only 25% or so of all interactions in an interactome. The coverage of an interactome can be assessed ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Markov process is called a reversible Markov process or reversible Markov chain if it satisfies the detailed balance equations. These equations require that the transition probability matrix P for the Markov process possess a stationary distribution (i.e. equilibrium probability distribution) π such that
where P is t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the United States National Library of Medicines medical subject headings, the term neurotrophin may be used as a synonym for neurotrophic factor, but the term neurotrophin is more generally reserved for four structurally related factors: nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The coupling of chromatography with MS is a well developed chemical analysis strategy dating back from the 1950s. Gas chromatography (GC)–MS was originally introduced in 1952, when A. T. James and A. J. P. Martin were trying to develop tandem separation – mass analysis techniques. In GC, the analytes are eluted from th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The method was improved by Draine, Flatau, and Goodman, who applied the fast Fourier transform to solve fast convolution problems arising in the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). This allowed for the calculation of scattering by large targets. They distributed an open-source code DDSCAT.
There are now several DDA im... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first law gives rise to the following formula:
in which
* is the permeability, an experimentally determined membrane "conductance" for a given gas at a given temperature.
* is the difference in concentration of the gas across the membrane for the direction of flow (from to ).
Fick's first law is also important i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While it is well known that the genome of one individual can have extensive differences when compared to the genome of another, recent research has found that some coding regions are highly constrained, or resistant to mutation, between individuals of the same species. This is similar to the concept of interspecies co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ellen Gleditsch was born in 1879 in Mandal, Norway. She was the daughter of Petra Birgitte Hansen (1857–1913) and headmaster Karl Kristian Gleditsch (1851–1913). Her siblings included architect Eivind Gleditsch(nl), Adler (1893–1978) who lived with her for the rest of her life following the death of their parents, Liv ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetracyclics are cyclic chemical compounds that contain four fused rings of atoms, for example, Tröger's base.
Some tricyclic compounds having three fused and one tethered ring (connected to main nucleus by a single bond) can also classified as tetracyclic, for example, ciclazindol.
Tetracyclic compounds have various p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the mean free path of an atom is much smaller than the wavelength of the radiative transition, the atom changes velocity and direction many times during the emission or absorption of a photon. This causes an averaging over different Doppler states and results in an atomic linewidth that is narrower than the Dopple... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The dienone–phenol rearrangement is a reaction in organic chemistry first reported in 1921 by Karl von Auwers and Karl Ziegler. A common example of dienone–phenol rearrangement is 4,4-disubstituted converting into a stable 3,4-disubstituted phenol in presence of acid. A similar rearrangement is possible with a 2,2-dis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydraulic jumps occur in the atmosphere in the air flowing over mountains. A hydraulic jump also occurs at the tropopause interface between the stratosphere and troposphere downwind of the overshooting top of very strong supercell thunderstorms. A related situation is the Morning Glory cloud observed, for example, in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The molecule CSPD has the following functional groups in the structure: phosphate group, phenyl group, spiro group, methyl ether group, and chlorine group. The ones worth noting are the ones above. None of these groups carry a charge. If there was a charge this would have had a change in the compound's pH, 3D structure... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short, ~19-23 base pair long RNA oligonucleotides that are involved in the microRNA-induced silencing complex. Specifically, once loaded onto the ARGONAUTE enzyme, miRNAs work with mRNAs to repress translation and post-translationally destabilize mRNA. While they are functionally similar to siRN... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1986, Professor Hugo Karl Messerle at The University of Sydney researched coal-fueled MHD. This resulted in a 28MWe topping facility that was operated outside Sydney. Messerle also wrote one of the most recent reference works (see below), as part of a UNESCO education program.
A detailed obituary for Hugo is located... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Various AMMs have been designed with a broad range of functions and applications, several of which have been tabulated below along with indicative images: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An integrated constructed wetland is an unlined free surface flow constructed wetland with emergent vegetated areas and local soil material. Its objectives is not only to treat wastewater from farmyards and other wastewater sources, but also to integrate the wetland infrastructure into the landscape and enhancing its b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Platinum-samarium forms crystals of rhombic crystal system, space group P nma, cell parameters a = 0.7148 nm, b = 0.4501 nm, c = 0.5638 nm, Z = 4, structure similar to that of iron boride (FeB).
The compound melts congruently at a temperature of ≈1810 °C. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfur dioxide forms complexes with many transition metals. Most numerous are complexes with metals i in oxidation state 0 or +1.
In most cases SO binds in monodentate fashion, attaching to the metal through sulfur. Such complexes are further subdivided according to the planarity or pyramidalization at sulfur. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ideal materials for thermal mass are those materials that have:
* high specific heat capacity,
* high density
Any solid, liquid, or gas that has mass will have some thermal mass. A common misconception is that only concrete or earth soil has thermal mass; even air has thermal mass (although very little).
A table of vol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
:The following carbon numbering system of porphyrins is an older numbering used by biochemists and not the 1–24 numbering system recommended by IUPAC, which is shown in the table above.
*Heme l is the derivative of heme B which is covalently attached to the protein of lactoperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and thyroid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The manufacturing process of recombinant subunit vaccines are as follows:
# Identification of immunogenic subunit
# Subunit expression and synthesis
# Extraction and purification
# Addition of adjuvants or incorporation to vectors
# Formulation and delivery. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In this type of plot (Figure 1), each axis represents a unique reaction coordinate, the corners represent local minima along the potential surface such as reactants, products or intermediates and the energy axis projects vertically out of the page. Changing a single reaction parameter can change the height of one or mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EosFP is a photoactivatable green to red fluorescent protein. Its green fluorescence (516 nm) switches to red (581 nm) upon UV irradiation of ~390 nm (violet/blue light) due to a photo-induced modification resulting from a break in the peptide backbone near the chromophore. Eos was first discovered as a tetrameric prot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In analytical chemistry, a chiral derivatizing agent (CDA), also known as a chiral resolving reagent, is a derivatization reagent that is a chiral auxiliary used to convert a mixture of enantiomers into diastereomers in order to analyze the quantities of each enantiomer present and determine the optical purity of a sam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the characteristic length is defined
where is the surface area of the plate and is its perimeter.
Then for the top surface of a hot object in a colder environment or bottom surface of a cold object in a hotter environment
And for the bottom surface of a hot object in a colder environment or top surface of a cold o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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