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Patch dynamics is a term used in physics to bridge, using algorithms, the models describing macroscale behavior and to predict large-scale patterns in fluid flow. It uses locally averaged properties of short space-time scales to advance and predict long space-time scale dynamics.
In patch dynamics and finite difference... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Perey was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1962, making her the first woman elected to the Institut de France. Although a significant step, her election as a "corresponding member" rather than a full member came with limited privileges.
*The French Academy of Science Wilde Prize (1950)
*The French Academy o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle: Mass Flows, Environmental Processes, Mitigation, and Treatment Strategies (2010)
*Wastewater Reuse and Current Challenges, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Series, 44, Springer, (2016) , ISSN: 1867-979X (print), ISSN: 1616-864X (electronic).
*Advanced Treatment Technologie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Artificial transactivation of a gene is achieved by inserting it into the genome at the appropriate area as transactivator gene adjoined to special promoter regions of DNA. The transactivator gene expresses a transcription factor that binds to specific promoter region of DNA. By binding to the promoter region of a gene... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Shigemi tube is a microscale NMR tube used with an ordinary-size NMR tube. Shigemi tubes may be appropriate for protein NMR experiments, where only a smaller sample is available. A corresponding smaller solvent volume is desired to maintain a higher sample concentration. The reduced sample depth is compensated for by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Quantum efficiency is a unitless number that measures the sensitivity of the photocathode to light. It is the ratio of the number of electrons emitted to the number of incident photons. This property depends on the wavelength of light being used to illuminate the photocathode. For many applications, QE is the most i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isaac Newton wrote extensively upon the historical topic of chronology. In 1728 The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, an approximately 87,000-word composition that details the rise and history of various ancient kingdoms was published. The publication date of this work occurred after his death, although the major... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organisms in Arctic waters are under high environmental stress such as extremely cold water. It is believed that this high stress environment will cause ocean acidification factors to have a stronger effect on these organisms. It could also cause these effects to appear in the Arctic before it appears in other parts of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IN belongs, both mechanistically and structurally, to the superfamily of polynucleotidyl transferases 10 and is composed of 288 amino acids that form the 32 kDa protein. Retroviruses encode their enzymes (protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase) with the POL gene with the 3´end encoding for IN.
IN is composed of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By integrating the differential form over the materials total surface , we arrive at the integral form of Fouriers law:
where (including the SI units):
* is the thermal power transferred by conduction (in W),
* is an oriented surface area element (in m).
The above differential equation, when integrated for a homogene... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Figure 1 summarizes the basic chemistry of formamide and its chemical connection with HCN and ammonium formate (NHHCOO), considering selected examples of preparative and degradative reactions.
The synthesis of purine from formamide was first reported in 1980. A series of studies building on this observation was starte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During his extensive career, Moissan authored more than three hundred publications, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the first isolation of fluorine, in addition to the Prix Lucaze, the Davy Medal, the Hofmann Medal, and the Elliott Cresson Medal. He was elected fellow of the Royal Society and The Chemical So... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ATSDR has seven goals:
# Protect the public from environmental hazards and toxic exposures.
# Promote healthy environments.
# Advance the science of environmental public health.
# Support environmental public health practice.
# Educate communities, partners, and policy makers about environmental health risks and protec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) is an international non-governmental organisation concerned with biochemistry and molecular biology. Formed in 1955 as the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB), the union has presently 79 member countries and regions (as of 2020). The Union is d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transportable semi-mobile installations have gained increasing popularity in the last two decades. They are enabled by the fact that complete sensor-based sorting systems are relatively compact in relation to the capacity in tonnes per hour. This is mainly because little infrastructure is needed. The picture shows a co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mercury was surveyed by the MESSENGER mission with its Gamma-Ray Spectrometer. The K/U ratios for Mercury could range between 8,000 and 17,000 which would imply a volatile rich planet. However, metal/silicate partitioning data for K and U still needs additional experiments at the conditions of Mercury's core formation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, volume, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) is a technique used in X-ray crystallography that facilitates the determination of the structure of proteins or other biological macromolecules by allowing the solution of the phase problem. In contrast to multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD), SAD uses a single data... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At low voltages, the rate of migration of the DNA is proportional to the voltage applied, i.e. the higher the voltage, the faster the DNA moves. However, in increasing electric field strength, the mobility of high-molecular-weight DNA fragments increases differentially, and the effective range of separation decreases... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For a given stress profile and temperature, the point lies in a particular "deformation field". If the values place the point near the center of a field, it is likely that the primary mechanism by which the material will fail, i.e.: the type and rate of failure expected, grain boundary diffusion, plasticity, Nabarro–He... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mycoremediation (from ancient Greek (), meaning "fungus", and the suffix , in Latin meaning restoring balance) is a form of bioremediation in which fungi-based remediation methods are used to decontaminate the environment. Fungi have been proven to be a cheap, effective and environmentally sound way for removing a wid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Structural work has determined that its 1,494 Dalton core unit (Glycine / Hydroxy-glycine / FeO) contains iron, but not lithium, leading to the more general term hemoglycin for these molecules. The hemoglycin core contains a total of 22 glycine residues in an anti-parallel beta sheet chain that is terminated at each en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[http://nanocrystallography.research.pdx.edu/search/edu/ Educational Subset of the Crystallography Open Database (EDU-COD)] (specialization: crystal and molecule structures for college education, access: free, size: medium)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070403082355/http://xpdb.nist.gov:8060/BMCD4/ Biological Macrom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A fraction of the input DNA obtained after the sonication step above is labeled with cyanine-5 (Cy5; red) deoxy-cytosine-triphosphate while the methylated DNA, enriched after the immunoprecipitation step, is labeled with cyanine-3 (Cy3; green). The labeled DNA samples are cohybridized on a 2-channel, high-density geno... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tris(dimethylamino)aluminium dimer, formally bis(μ-dimethylamino)tetrakis(dimethylamino)dialuminium, is an amide complex of aluminium. This compound may be used as a precursor to other aluminium complexes.
Commercially available, this compound may be prepared from lithium dimethylamide and aluminium trichloride. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mitochondria play a central role in many other metabolic tasks, such as:
* Signaling through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
* Regulation of the membrane potential
* Apoptosis-programmed cell death
* Calcium signaling (including calcium-evoked apoptosis)
* Regulation of cellular metabolism
* Certain heme synthesi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An Ellingham diagram is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the stability of compounds. This analysis is usually used to evaluate the ease of reduction of metal oxides and sulfides. These diagrams were first constructed by Harold Ellingham in 1944. In metallurgy, the Ellingham diagram is used to predict the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following are some examples of how DPN is being applied to potential products.
# Biosensor Functionalization – Directly place multiple capture domains on a single biosensor device
# Nanoscale Sensor Fabrication – Small, high-value sensors that can detect multiple targets
# Nanoscale Protein Chips – High-density pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The elements that occur on Earth only in traces are listed below.
Isotopes of other elements (not exhaustive):
*Tritium
*Beryllium-7
*Beryllium-10
*Carbon-14
*Fluorine-18
*Sodium-22
*Sodium-24
*Magnesium-28
*Silicon-31
*Silicon-32
*Phosphorus-32
*Sulfur-35
*Sulfur-38
*Chlorine-34m
*Chlorine-36
*Chlorine-38
*Chlorine-3... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There have been cases where people died after eating foods containing palytoxin or poisons similar to it. In the Philippines people died after eating Demania crabs. After eating bluestripe herring some people died in Madagascar. People who had eaten smoked mackerel and parrotfish experienced near fatal poisoning in Haw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two populations of cells are cultivated in cell culture. One of the cell populations is fed with growth medium containing normal amino acids. In contrast, the second population is fed with growth medium containing amino acids labeled with stable (non-radioactive) heavy isotopes. For example, the medium can contain argi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Herpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens infecting a variety of animals, including humans. Hosts include many economically important species such as abalone, oysters, salmon, poultry (avian infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek's disease), cattle (bovine malignant catarrhal fever), dogs, goats, horses, cats (feline viral r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The endorheic basin lakes are called soda or alkaline lakes when the water inflows contain high concentrations of NaCO. The pH of the soda lake water is generally above 9 and sometimes the salinity is close to brackish water due to depletion of pure water by solar evaporation.
Soda lakes are rich with algal growth due ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfonyl halides have tetrahedral sulfur centres attached to two oxygen atoms, an organic radical, and a halide. In a representative example, methanesulfonyl chloride, the S=O, S−C, and S−Cl bond distances are respectively 142.4, 176.3, and 204.6 pm. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Analytical and numerical methods in FSI.
* Techniques for laboratory and in-service investigations.
* Stochastic methods.
* Hydroelasticity-based prediction of Wave Loads and Responses.
* Impact, sloshing and shock.
* Flow induced vibration (FIV).
* Tsunami and seaquake induced responses of large marine structures.
*... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the reasons cited above, in recent years stream channelization has been greatly curtailed in the U.S., and in some instances even partially reversed. In 1990 the United States Government published a "no net loss of wetlands" policy, whereby a stream channelization project in one place must be offset by the creation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Max Jaffe was a distinguished 19th-century German biochemist, pathologist, pharmacologist, and professor. He was born on July 25, 1841, in what was formerly Grünberg, Silesia and is now Zielona Góra, Poland. While attending medical school at the University of Berlin, he studied under Ludwig Traube and Wilhelm Kühne. Af... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
N-methylhistamine (NMH), also known as 1-methylhistamine, is a product of N-methylation of histamine in a reaction catalyzed by the HNMT enzyme.
NMH is considered a biologically inactive metabolite of histamine. NMH is excreted in the urine and can be measured to estimate the amounts of active histamine in the body. Wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mound system was designed in the 1930s by the North Dakota College of Agriculture. and was known as the Nodak Disposal System. In 1976, the University of Wisconsin studied the design of mound systems as part of the university's Waste Management Project. This project published the first ever design manual for identi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drug targets are the specific sites where a medication carries out its pharmacological activity. The interaction between the drug and this site results in a modification of the target that may include inhibition or potentiation. Most of the pharmacogenetic interactions that involve drug targets are within the field of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SedDB was created as an online data management and information system for sediment geochemistry.
SedDB is based on a relational database that contains the full range of analytical values for sediment samples, primarily from marine sediment cores, including major and trace element concentrations, radiogenic and stable i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Burke–Schumann limit, . Then the equation reduces to
An approximate solution to this equation was developed by Liñán himself using integral method in 1963 for his thesis,
where is the error function and
Here is the location where reaches its minimum value . When , , and . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, docosanoids are signaling molecules made by the metabolism of twenty-two-carbon fatty acids (EFAs), especially the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (i.e. 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) by lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. Other docosanoids are metabol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Analogous to sulfamic acid (HNSO) and as is the case generally for amino acids, HOSA exists in the solid state as a zwitterion: HNOSO. It resembles an ammonia molecule coordinate covalently bonded to a sulfate group. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mostafa A. El-Sayed (Arabic: مصطفى السيد) is an Egyptian-American physical chemist, nanoscience researcher, member of the National Academy of Sciences and US National Medal of Science laureate. He is known for the spectroscopy rule named after him, the El-Sayed rule. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since irradiation increases with proximity to the source of radiation, and as it is impossible to distance or shield an internal source, radioactive materials inside the body can deliver much higher doses to the host organs than they normally would from outside the body. This is particularly true for alpha and beta emi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Beta decay is characterized by the emission of a neutrino and a negatron which is equivalent to an electron. This process occurs when a nucleus has an excess of neutrons with respect to protons, as compared to the stable isobar. This type of transition converts a neutron into a proton; similarly, a positron is releas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The energy of photons (, which includes Planck's constant) emitted when electrons incident on a substance using an electron beam with a constant energy () relax to a lower energy unoccupied state () is given by the conservation of energy as:
By measuring and , the unoccupied state () of the surface can be found. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In these types of reactions, CO is released as the phosphaethynolate anion acts as either a mild nucleophilic source of phosphorus or a Brønsted base. Examples of these types of reactions involving PCO include work conducted by Grutzmacher and Goicoechea.
In 2014, Grutzmacher et al. reported that an imidazolium salt wo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the early 1970s, the traditional blast furnace and sinter plant technology that was the mainstay of the lead smelting industry was coming under sustained pressure from more stringent environmental requirements, increased energy costs, decreasing metal prices and rising capital and operating costs.
Many smelting comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Kirkendall effect was discovered by Ernest Kirkendall and Alice Smigelskas in 1947, in the course of Kirkendalls ongoing research into diffusion in brass. The paper in which he discovered the famous effect was the third in his series of papers on brass diffusion, the first being his thesis. His second paper reveale... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radioactive tracer compounds, radiopharmaceuticals, are used to observe the function of various organs and body systems. These compounds use a chemical tracer which is attracted to or concentrated by the activity which is being studied. That chemical tracer incorporates a short lived radioactive isotope, usually one wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a solute forms a saturated solution in a solvent, the concentration of the solute, at a given temperature, is determined by the equilibrium constant at that temperature.
The activity of a pure substance in the solid state is one, by definition, so the expression simplifies to
If the solute does not dissociate the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In parallel with this work, the Cell was tested for the recovery of fine coal at the Newlands coal mine, also owned by MIM Holdings Limited. This fines stream was cyclone overflow, which contained 15–50% ash and was previously discarded. The particle size of this stream was less than 25 μm. Pilot plant testing showed t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ketogenesis may or may not occur, depending on levels of available carbohydrates in the cell or body. This is closely related to the paths of acetyl-CoA:
* When the body has ample carbohydrates available as energy source, glucose is completely oxidized to CO; acetyl-CoA is formed as an intermediate in this process, fir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Between 1902 and 1908, carbon tetrachloride-based fire extinguishers began to appear in the United States, years after Europe.
In 1910, the Pyrene Manufacturing Company of Delaware filed a patent to use carbon tetrachloride to extinguish fires. The liquid was vaporized by the heat of combustion and extinguished flames,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* No external power sources required.
* Relatively easy to install.
* Lower voltages and current mean that risk of causing stray current interference on other structures is low.
* Require less frequent monitoring than impressed current CP systems.
* Relatively low risk of overprotection.
* Once installed, testing the s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a cyclic voltammetry experiment carried out with an adsorbed redox protein, the oxidation and reduction of each redox site shows as a pair of positive and negative peaks. Since all the sample is oxidised or reduced during the potential sweep, the peak current and peak area should be proportional to scan rate (observ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The aims of nonclinical safety pharmacology evaluations are three-fold:
* To protect Phase I clinical trial volunteers from acute adverse effects of drugs
* To protect patients (including patients participating in Phase II and III clinical trials)
* To minimize risks of failure during drug development and post-marketin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a cylindrical pipe of uniform diameter , flowing full, the pressure loss due to viscous effects is proportional to length and can be characterized by the Darcy–Weisbach equation:
where the pressure loss per unit length (SI units: Pa/m) is a function of:
: , the density of the fluid (kg/m);
: , the hydraulic diam... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Novosibirsk Chemical Engineering Technical School named after D. I. Mendeleev () is an educational institution founded in 1929. The school is located between Nizhegorodskaya, Sacco and Vanzetti and Sadovaya streets in Oktyabrsky City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compounds possessing a methylene bridge located between two strong electron withdrawing groups (such as nitro, carbonyl or nitrile groups) are sometimes called active methylene compounds. Treatment of these with strong bases can form enolates or carbanions, which are often used in organic synthesis. Examples include th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main advantage of electroforming is that it accurately replicates the external shape of the mandrel. Generally, machining a cavity accurately is more challenging than machining a convex shape, however the opposite holds true for electroforming because the mandrel's exterior can be accurately machined and then used ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enzymes and receptors that contain thiol or sulfhydryl functional groups are actively targeted by arsenite (III) metabolites. These sulfur-containing compounds are normally glutathione and the amino acid cysteine. Arsenite derivatives generally have higher binding affinity compared to the arsenate metabolites. These bi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conradson carbon residue, commonly known as "Concarbon" or "CCR", is a laboratory test used to provide an indication of the coke-forming tendencies of an oil. Quantitatively, the test measures the amount of carbonaceous residue remaining after the oil's evaporation and pyrolysis. In general, the test is applicable to p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An exercise mimetic is a drug that mimics some of the biological effects of physical exercise. Exercise is known to have an effect in preventing, treating, or ameliorating the effects of a variety of serious illnesses, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychiatric and neurological diseases ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A microchannel plate is a slab made from resistive material (most often glass) 0.5 to 2mm thick with a regular array of tiny tubes (microchannels) leading from one face to the other. The microchannels are typically 5-20 micrometers in diameter, parallel to each other and enter the plate at a small angle to the surface... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many enzymatic systems need Mn to function, but in high levels, Mn can become toxic. One environmental reason Mn levels can increase in seawater is when hypoxic periods occur. Since 1990 there have been reports of Mn accumulation in marine organisms including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and echinoderms. Specific tissu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For faster reactions, the time required to mix the reactants and bring them to a specified temperature may be comparable or longer than the half-life of the reaction. Special methods to start fast reactions without slow mixing step include
* Stopped flow methods, which can reduce the mixing time to the order of a milli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BLA) was a 2005 landmark trial that compared the effects of the established therapy of the combination of atenolol and bendroflumethiazide to the new drug combination of amlodipine and perindopril (trade names Viacoram, AceryCal etc.). The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pollution of the Hudson River is largely due to dumping of PCBs by General Electric from 1947 to 1977. GE dumped an estimated 1.3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River during these years. The PCBs came from the company's two capacitor manufacturing plants at Hudson Falls and Fort Edward, New York. This pollution... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PFASs play a key economic role for companies such as DuPont, 3M, and W. L. Gore & Associates because they are used in emulsion polymerization to produce fluoropolymers. They have two main markets: a $1 billion annual market for use in stain repellents, and a $100 million annual market for use in polishes, paints, and c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because hemoglycin has now been found to be the dominant polymer of amino acids in 6 different meteorites (Allende, Acfer 086, , Kaba, Orgueil and Sutter's Mill), each time with the same structure, it has been proposed that it is produced by a process of template replication. The measured 480 nm absorbance is larger th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first recorded experimental work in copper was conducted by Cushing in 1894 in order to demonstrate that copper plate found in Hopewell mounds in Ohio could have been produced by the Hopewell people and not come from European trade. In his experiments, Cushing used antler and stone tools to cut out sheets of coppe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Black, or amorphous arsenic (chemical formula As) is synthesized first through the sublimation of gray arsenic followed by condensation onto a heated surface. This structure is thought to be the arsenic analogue of red phosphorus. The structure of black arsenic in its crystalline phase, while not synthesized in its pu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Desmodium also controls the parasitic weed, Striga, resulting in significant yield increases of about 2 tonnes/hectare (0.9 short tons per acre) per cropping season. In addition to benefits derived from increased nitrogen availability and competition for light, it was found that D. uncinatum strongly suppresses striga ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The usage of multiple reading frames leads to the possibility of overlapping genes; there may be many of these in viral, prokaryote, and mitochondrial genomes. Some viruses, e.g. hepatitis B virus and BYDV, use several overlapping genes in different reading frames.
In rare cases, a ribosome may shift from one frame to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies or FACSS is a scientific society incorporated on June 28, 1972, with the goal of promoting research and education in analytical chemistry. The organization combined the many smaller meetings of the individual societies into an annual meeting that inclu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
His group has also been involved in the development of a novel technique: Laser Vaporization Controlled Condensation (LVCC) for the synthesis of a variety of semiconductor, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. His research lab is currently focused on the applications of graphene in heterogeneous catalysis and energy co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glow discharges can be used to analyze the elemental, and sometimes molecular, composition of solids, liquids, and gases, but elemental analysis of solids is the most common. In this arrangement, the sample is used as the cathode. As mentioned earlier, gas ions and atoms striking the sample surface knock atoms off of i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Progesterone is used as a medication. It is used in combination with estrogens mainly in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women. It may also be used alone to treat menopausal symptoms. Studies have shown that transdermal progesterone (skin patch) and oral micronized progesterone are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Funded by the European Commission- Horizon 2020 and European Green Deal
Duration: 4 years (October 2021-September 2025)
Objective: SophiA enables African countries to pursue sustainable pathways of development through a low-carbon, climate resilient and green growth trajectory, leapfrogging fossil fuels and high global... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the applications of Knudsen layer is in the coma of comets. It has been used specially in the coma chemistry model (ComChem model). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbon nanofoam is an allotrope of carbon discovered in 1997. Its structure consists of a cluster-assembly of carbon atoms strung together in a loose three-dimensional web, similar to an aerogel. The material has a density of 2–10 mg/cm (0.0012 lb/ft), which is among the lightest materials to date. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crude oil is traded as a future on both the NYMEX and ICE exchanges. Futures contracts are agreements in which buyers and sellers agree to purchase and deliver specific amounts of physical crude oil on a given date in the future. A contract covers any multiple of 1000 barrels and can be purchased up to nine years into ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Hirao coupling (also called the Hirao reaction or the Hirao cross-coupling) is the chemical reaction involving the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of a dialkyl phosphite and an aryl halide to form a phosphonate.
This reaction is named after Toshikazu Hirao and is related to the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction. In con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Uncontrolled growth is a necessary step for the development of all cancers. In many cancers (e.g. melanoma), a defect in the MAP/ERK pathway leads to that uncontrolled growth. Many compounds can inhibit steps in the MAP/ERK pathway, and therefore are potential drugs for treating cancer, such as Hodgkin disease.
The fi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HFCs were developed in the 1990s to substitute for substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). As these substances were found to deplete the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol began to lay down provisions for them to be phased-out globally after the agreement was ratified in 1987... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a sulfoxide, also called a sulphoxide, is an organosulfur compound containing a sulfinyl () functional group attached to two carbon atoms. It is a polar functional group. Sulfoxides are oxidized derivatives of sulfides. Examples of important sulfoxides are alliin, a precursor to the compound that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sulfur cycle in marine environments has been well-studied via the tool of sulfur isotope systematics expressed as δS. The modern global oceans have sulfur storage of , mainly occurring as sulfate with the δS value of +21‰. The overall input flux is with the sulfur isotope composition of ~3‰. Riverine sulfate der... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most commonly used description of flow conditions within the pipe is the flow velocity profile. Fig.(1) shows the typical flow velocity profile for natural gas measurement. The shape of the flow velocity profile is given by the following equation, ---- (1) <br />
The value of n determines the shape of the flow ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many other organisms obtained chloroplasts from the primary chloroplast lineages through secondary endosymbiosis—engulfing a red or green alga that contained a chloroplast. These chloroplasts are known as secondary plastids.
While primary chloroplasts have a double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Technicon sold its business to Revlon in 1980 who later sold the company to separate clinical (Bayer) and industrial (Bran+Luebbe - now SEAL Analytical) buyers in 1987. At the time, industrial applications accounted for about 20% of CFA machines sold.
In 1974 Ruzicka and Hansen carried out in Denmark and in Brasil ini... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rate constants can be derived from the dataset published on the website [http://udfa.net]. Rate constants have the form:
k(T) = alpha*(T/300)*exp(-gamma/T)cms
The following table has the rate constants calculated for a typical temperature in a dense cloud T=10 K.
Formation rates r can be obtained using the rate consta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD deficiency) is a genetic disorder that affects the bodys ability to break down certain fats. In the β-oxidation cycle, VLCADs role involves the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the acyl-CoA molecule, forming a double bond and converting it into trans-2-e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Index inducer or just inducer predictably induce metabolism via a given pathway and are commonly used in prospective clinical drug-drug interaction studies.
Strong, moderate, and weak inducers are drugs that decreases the AUC of sensitive index substrates of a given metabolic pathway by ≥80%, ≥50% to <80%, and ≥20% to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oligosaccharides are a component of fibre from plant tissue. FOS and inulin are present in Jerusalem artichoke, burdock, chicory, leeks, onions, and asparagus. Inulin is a significant part of the daily diet of most of the world’s population. FOS can also be synthesized by enzymes of the fungus Aspergillus niger acting ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transient expression, more frequently referred to "transient gene expression", is the temporary expression of genes that are expressed for a short time after nucleic acid, most frequently plasmid DNA encoding an expression cassette, has been introduced into eukaryotic cells with a chemical delivery agent like calcium p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Depending on the general substrate on which the assay principle is applied:
#Bioassay: when the response is biological activity of live objects. Examples include
##in vivo, whole organism (e.g. mouse or other subject injected with a drug)
##ex vivo body part (e.g. leg of a frog)
##ex vivo organ (e.g. heart of a dog)
##... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These types of forming process involve the application of mechanical force at room temperature. However, some recent developments involve the heating of dies and/or parts. Advancements in automated metalworking technology have made progressive die stamping possible which is a method that can encompass punching, coining... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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