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If the values of the predicted rate constants are compared with the values of known rate constants, it is noticed that collision theory fails to estimate the constants correctly, and the more complex the molecules are, the more it fails. The reason for this is that particles have been supposed to be spherical and able ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Stefan flow, occasionally called Stefan's flow, is a transport phenomenon concerning the movement of a chemical species by a flowing fluid (typically in the gas phase) that is induced to flow by the production or removal of the species at an interface. Any process that adds the species of interest to or removes it ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Waves varying sinusoidal in time, with period are considered. That is
where is the amplitude, is the wave height, is the angular frequency and is the wave phase. Consequently, also in Eq. () has to be a sine wave, e.g. with a constant.
Applying these forms of and in Eq. () gives:
which is Greens law'. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ionic strength plays a central role in the Debye–Hückel theory that describes the strong deviations from ideality typically encountered in ionic solutions. It is also important for the theory of double layer and related electrokinetic phenomena and electroacoustic phenomena in colloids and other heterogeneous syste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Her publications include;
Casini serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry and the Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tacticity describes the relative stereochemistry of chiral centers in neighboring structural units within a macromolecule. There are three types of tacticity: isotactic (all substituents on the same side), atactic (random placement of substituents), and syndiotactic (alternating placement of substituents). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A naive (or inexperienced) B cell is one which belongs to a clone which has never encountered the epitope to which it is specific. In contrast, a memory B cell is one which derives from an activated naive or memory B cell. The activation of a naive or a memory B cell is followed by a manifold proliferation of that par... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glaucoma is caused by high intra-ocular pressure (IOP). β-blockers reduce IOP and are the most common therapy. Most of the patients, who use the topical β-blockers, need adjunctive therapy to achieve a target IOP lowering. One of the most used drug in adjunctive therapy is dorzolamide. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Wax, used in the packaging of frozen foods, among others, Paraffin wax, derived from petroleum oil.
* Sulfur and its derivative sulfuric acid. Hydrogen sulfide is a product of sulfur removal from petroleum fraction. It is oxidized to elemental sulfur and then to sulfuric acid.
* Bulk tar and Asphalt
* Petroleum coke,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Complex molecules, in particular those containing carbon can be in the form of stereoisomers. With abiotic processes they would be expected to be equally likely, but in carbonaceous chondrites this is not the case. The reasons for this are unknown. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA molecules contain 5-membered carbon rings called riboses that are directly attached to two phosphate groups and a nucleobase that contains amino groups. The nitrogen atoms from the amino group in the nucleotides are covalently linked to the anomeric carbon of the ribose sugar structure through an N-glycosidic bond.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Putative genes can be identified by clustering large groups of sequences by patterns and arranging by mutual similarity or can be inferred by potential TATA boxes.
Putative genes can also be identified by recognizing differences between well-known gene clusters and gene clusters with a unique profiling.
Software tools ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The process of histamine inactivation in biological species involves its metabolism through the oxidative deamination of its primary amino group. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO). The metabolite produced from this reaction is imidazole-4-acetaldehyde.
Imidazole-4-acetaldehyde is then furth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Lee, Y. T. "Crossed Molecular Beam Studies and Dynamics of Decomposition of Chemically Activated Radicals", University of Chicago, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (September 1973).
* Lee, Y. T. & S. J. Sibener. "Internal Energy Dependence of Molecular Cond... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gas phase coating is carried out at higher temperatures, about 1080 °C. The coating material is usually loaded onto trays without physical contact with the parts to be coated. The coating mixture contains active coating material and activator, but usually not thermal ballast. As in the pack cementation process, gaseous... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For U.S. food and dietary supplement labeling purposes the amount in a serving is expressed as a percent of Daily Value (%DV). For potassium labeling purposes 100% of the Daily Value was 3500 mg, but as of May 2016, it has been revised to 4700 mg. A table of the old and new adult Daily Values is provided at Reference D... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The convection–diffusion equation (with no sources or drains, ) can be viewed as a stochastic differential equation, describing random motion with diffusivity and bias . For example, the equation can describe the Brownian motion of a single particle, where the variable describes the probability distribution for the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trimethylsilyl azide is the organosilicon compound with the formula . A colorless liquid, it is a reagent in organic chemistry, serving as the equivalent of hydrazoic acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Willauer started researching biphasic systems and phase transitions after graduating from Berry College. In 1998 she studied aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) for the potential of recapturing valuable dyes from textile manufacturing effluent. She investigated ions and catalysts.
In the 2000s, Willauer began studying metho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proteins are essential macromolecules of living organisms. They are continuously being degraded into their constituent amino acids which can be reused in the synthesis of new proteins. Every cellular protein has its own half-life time. In humans, for instance, 50% of the liver and plasma proteins are replaced in 10 day... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The speed of sound varies with temperature. Since temperature and sound velocity normally decrease with increasing altitude, sound is refracted upward, away from listeners on the ground, creating an acoustic shadow at some distance from the source. Wind shear of 4 m/(s · km) can produce refraction equal to a typical te... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The full biosynthesis of Absinthin in Artemisia absinthium has not been elucidated, but a great portion of it can be inferred from the natural product precursors required to access Absinthin. While terpenoids like Absinthin can be said to consist of isoprene "units," isoprene by itself is too stable and does not react ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection in the history of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, opened in 1931
*Discovery of helium in natural gas by Hamilton Cady and David Ford McFarland at the University of Kansas in 1905
*Isolation of organic free radicals by Moses Gomberg at the University of Michigan in 1900... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some forensic techniques, believed to be scientifically sound at the time they were used, have turned out later to have much less scientific merit or none. Some such techniques include:
* Comparative bullet-lead analysis was used by the FBI for over four decades, starting with the John F. Kennedy assassination in 1963.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radicals are highly reactive and short-lived, as they have an unpaired electron which makes it extremely unstable. Radicals often react with hydrogens attached carbon molecules, effectively making the carbon a radical while stabilizing the former radical in a process called propagation. The formed product, a carbon rad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
__NOTOC__
A trace element is a chemical element of a minute quantity, a trace amount, especially used in referring to a micronutrient, but is also used to refer to minor elements in the composition of a rock, or other chemical substance.
In nutrition, trace elements are classified into two groups: essential trace eleme... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Axelopran is an oral PAMORA which is under development by Theravane Biopharma. It has completed phase II in clinical trials in more than 400 patients with OIC. Axelopran has a different chemical structure from other PAMORAs but with a similar mechanism of action. It acts as an antagonist for MOR, KOR and DOR, but with ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On scales greater than 10 years, fission products, chiefly Tc, again represent a significant proportion of the remaining, though lower radioactivity, along with longer-lived actinides like neptunium-237 and plutonium-242, if those have not been destroyed.
The most abundant long-lived fission products have total decay e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Within set concrete there remains some free "calcium hydroxide" (Ca(OH)), which can further dissociate to form Ca and hydroxide (OH) ions". Any water which finds a seepage path through micro cracks and air voids present in concrete, will readily carry the (Ca(OH)) and Ca (depending on solution pH and chemical reaction ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In macromolecular crystallography, the term additive is used instead of adjutant. An additive can either interact directly with the protein, and become incorporated at a fixed position in the resulting crystal or have a role within the disordered solvent, that in protein crystals constitute roughly 50% of the lattice v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The strength of a carboxylic acid depends on the extent of its ionization constant: the more ionized it is, the stronger it is. As an acid becomes stronger, the numerical value of its acid dissociation constant| drops.
In acids, the electron-releasing inductive effect of the alkyl group increases the electron density o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Systemic agmatine can potentiate opioid analgesia and prevent tolerance to chronic morphine in laboratory rodents. Since then, cumulative evidence amply shows that agmatine inhibits opioid dependence and relapse in several animal species. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A proton pump is any process that creates a proton gradient across a membrane. Protons can be physically moved across a membrane, as seen in mitochondrial Complexes I and IV. The same effect can be produced by moving electrons in the opposite direction. The result is the disappearance of a proton from the cytoplasm and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Direct reduction processes were developed to overcome the difficulties of conventional blast furnaces. DRI plants need not be part of an integrated steel plant, as is characteristic of blast furnaces. The initial capital investment and operating costs of direct reduction plants are lower than integrated steel plants an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pycnonuclear reactions can occur anywhere and in any matter, but under standard conditions, the speed of the reaction is exceedingly low, and thus, have no significant role outside of extremely dense systems, neutron-rich and free electron-rich environments, such as the inner crust of a neutron star. A feature of pycno... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cladiellin family of marine natural products possesses interesting molecular architecture, generally containing a 9-membered medium-sized ring. The synthesis of (−)-cladiella-6,11-dien-3-ol allowed access to a variety of other members of the cladiellin family. Notably, the conversion to cladiell-11-ene-3,6,7-trio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Annealing, in genetics, means for complementary sequences of single-stranded DNA or RNA to pair by hydrogen bonds to form a double-stranded polynucleotide. Before annealing can occur, one of the strands may need to be phosphorylated by an enzyme such as kinase to allow proper hydrogen bonding to occur. The term anneali... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crystal violet is one of the components of methyl violet, a dye first synthesized by Charles Lauth in 1861. From 1866, methyl violet was manufactured by the Saint-Denis-based firm of Poirrier et Chappat and marketed under the name "Violet de Paris". It was a mixture of the tetra-, penta- and hexamethylated pararosanili... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys refer to a class of nanostructured metal powders that spontaneously and rapidly produce hydrogen gas upon contact with water or any liquid containing water as a result of their galvanic metal microstructure. It serves as a method of hydrogen production that can take place at a rapid ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
South Africa has an efficient returnable bottle system which includes beer, spirit and liquor bottles. Bottles and jars manufactured in South Africa contain at least 40% recycled glass. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Degradation can be detected before serious cracks are seen in a product using infrared spectroscopy. In particular, peroxy-species and carbonyl groups formed by photo-oxidation have distinct absorption bands. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some alcohols are reduced to alkanes when treated with hydrosilanes in the presence of a strong Lewis acid. Brønsted acids may also be used. Tertiary alcohols undergo facile reduction using boron trifluoride etherate as the Lewis acid. Primary alcohols require an excess of the silane, a stronger Lewis acid, and long re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reactions of yellow arsenic with the group 6 transition metals largely proceed through thermolytic carbon monoxide elimination in chromium and molybdenum carbonyl complexes. Notable examples include the formation of triple-decker complexes [(CpMo)(μ,η-As)] and [{CpCr}(μ,η-As)] via reaction of the corresponding molybden... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mitochondrial respirometry is used to study mitochondrial functionality in
mitochondrial diseases or diseases with a (suspected) strong link to mitochondria, e.g. diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and cancer. Other fields of application are e.g. sports science and the connection between mitochondrial function and agin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the methods of archaeometallurgy is the study of modern metals and alloys to explain and understand the use of metals in the past. A study conducted by the department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics at Weizmann Institute of Science and the department of Archaeology at the University of Haifia analyzed the c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because of her interest in nutrition and nutrients, Coward was one of the early adopters of chromatography following its introduction in 1906-1911 by M. S. Tswett.
Carotenoids, a class of structurally similar pigment molecules that include carotenes and xanthophylls, were of particular interest in nutritional research ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetraselenium tetranitride is the inorganic compound with the formula . Like the analogous tetrasulfur tetranitride , is an orange solid. It is however less soluble and more shock-sensitive than .
As determined by X-ray crystallography, adopts a cage structure similar to that of . The Se−Se and Se−N distances are 2.7... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chromosome jumping (or chromosome hopping) was first described in 1984 by Collins and Weissman.
At the time, cloning techniques allowed for generation of clones of limited size (up to 240kb), and cytogenetic techniques allowed for mapping such clones to a small region of a particular chromosome to a resolution of aroun... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pdr1p and Pdr3p is a part of Gal4 transcription factor family due to their zinc-finger DNA binding motif, which is located in N-terminus end of Pdr1p. Pdr1p also contains a long internal region of many inhibitory domains and possess a C-terminal transcription activation domain (amino acids 879–1036). The transcriptiona... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The gram per cubic centimetre is a unit of density in the CGS system, and is commonly used in chemistry. It is defined by dividing the CGS unit of mass, the gram, by the CGS unit of volume, the cubic centimetre. The official SI symbols are g/cm, g·cm, or g cm. It is equivalent to the units gram per millilitre (g/mL) an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some industrial-level sprays (with teflon or leather needle packing, variable speed agitator in pressure pot, separate air and fluid pressure regulators) can also be used for Dimetcote. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The operation of a detonation gun is a very loud process due to the multiple explosions occurring in the chamber per second. This could cause damage to operators hearing if in close proximity to the D-gun. As a result, detonation spraying should be performed within a sound proof room and no one should be present in the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CrysTBox is freely available on demand for non-commercial use by non-commercial subjects. The only safe way to download CrysTBox installers is via a request form on the official website. Commercial use is not allowed due to the license of MATLAB used for CrysTBox compilation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In World War I, hydrogen cyanide was used by the French from 1916 as a chemical weapon against the Central Powers, and by the United States and Italy in 1918. It was not found to be effective enough due to weather conditions. The gas is lighter than air and rapidly disperses up into the atmosphere. Rapid dilution made ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydroacylation as an asymmetric reaction was demonstrated in the form of a kinetic resolution. A true asymmetric synthesis was also described. Both conversions employed rhodium catalysts and a chiral diphosphine ligand. In one application the ligand is Me-DuPhos: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1986 – Weissberger-Williams lectureship Award
*1987 – Korean Chemical Society Award
*1989 – Chemical Society of Japan Award
*1995 – DowElanco lectureship Award
*2000 – The H. C. Brown Lecture Award
*2003 – Japan Academy Prize
*2009 – Paul Karrer Gold Medal
*2009 – Special Member of Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
*2... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics the Morison equation is a semi-empirical equation for the inline force on a body in oscillatory flow. It is sometimes called the MOJS equation after all four authors—Morison, O'Brien, Johnson and Schaaf—of the 1950 paper in which the equation was introduced. The Morison equation is used to estimate th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is estimated that half of the US' 1.2M invasive cancer cases diagnosed in 2022 received radiation therapy in their treatment program. Different cancers respond to radiation therapy in different ways.
The response of a cancer to radiation is described by its radiosensitivity.
Highly radiosensitive cancer cells are r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Calcium looping technology offers several technical advantages over amine scrubbing for carbon capture. Firstly, both carbonator and calciner can use fluidized bed technology, due to the good gas-solid contacting and uniform bed temperature. Fluidized bed technology has already been demonstrated at large scale: large (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Interchange pathways apply to substitution reactions where intermediates are not observed, which is more common than pure dissociative pathways. If the reaction rate is insensitive to the nature of the attacking nucleophile, the process is called dissociative interchange, abbreviated I. An illustrative process comes ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photodynamic detection is the use of photosensitive drugs with a light source of the right wavelength for the detection of cancer, using fluorescence of the drug. 5ALA, or derivatives thereof, can be used to visualize bladder cancer by fluorescence imaging. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The viscosity of gases is the result in the transfer of each molecule of gas as they pass each other from layer to layer. As gases tend to pass one another, the velocity, in the form of momentum, of the faster moving molecule speeds up the slower moving molecule. As the slower moving molecule passes the faster moving m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The diverse functions of peroxisomes require dynamic interactions and cooperation with many organelles involved in cellular lipid metabolism such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lipid droplets, and lysosomes.
Peroxisomes interact with mitochondria in several metabolic pathways, including β-oxidation of fatt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A solution of the amide (0.365 g, 0.809 mmol), Pd(PPh) (0.187 g, 0.162 mmol), and triethylamine (1.12 mL, 8.08 mmol) in MeCN (8 mL) in a sealed tube was heated slowly to 120°. After stirring for 4 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was chromatographed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitric acid has been used in various forms as the oxidizer in liquid-fueled rockets. These forms include red fuming nitric acid, white fuming nitric acid, mixtures with sulfuric acid, and these forms with HF inhibitor. IRFNA (inhibited red fuming nitric acid) was one of three liquid fuel components for the BOMARC missi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen is a chemical element with an atomic number of 1. It has just one proton and one electron. Deuterium is the heavier naturally occurring, non-radioactive, stable isotope of hydrogen. Deuterium was discovered by Harold Urey in 1931, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1934. The deuterium isotope effect has ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thorin (also called thoron or thoronol) is an indicator used in the determination of barium, beryllium, lithium, uranium and thorium compounds. Being a compound of arsenic, it is highly toxic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polyurea and polyurethane are copolymers used in the manufacture of spandex, which was invented in 1959.
Polyurea was originally developed in automotive applications in the 1980s but other applications such as protecting tabletop edges followed. Its fast reactivity and relative moisture insensitivity made it useful for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Placer mining, the mining of stream beds for minerals, was common practice in the area since the mid nineteenth century.
The Mount Polley ore deposit was discovered subsequent to an airborne magnetometer study completed by the Canadian government in 1964 which detected a significant reading for the surveyed map in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In about 50 BCE, the Roman philosopher Lucretius proposed that apparently static macroscopic bodies were composed on a small scale of rapidly moving atoms all bouncing off each other. This Epicurean atomistic point of view was rarely considered in the subsequent centuries, when Aristotlean ideas were dominant.
In 1738 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 2013 ILCOR and 2010 American Heart Association guidelines support the use of cooling following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. These recommendations were largely based on two trials from 2002 which showed improved survival and brain function when cooled to after cardiac arrest.
However, more recent research sug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since diffusion and transport of free ammonia across the cell membrane will affect the pH level of the cell, the more attractive and regulated way of transporting ammonia between the neuronal and the astrocytic compartment is via an amino-acid shuttle, of which there are two: leucine and alanine. The amino acid moves i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many esters have distinctive fruit-like odors, and many occur naturally in the essential oils of plants. This has also led to their common use in artificial flavorings and fragrances which aim to mimic those odors. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ability for a mechanical bond to reduce reactivity and hence prevent unwanted reactions has been exploited in a number of areas. One of the earliest applications was in the protection of organic dyes from environmental degradation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
John French (1616–1657) was an English physician known for his contributions to chemistry (in particular, distillation) as well as for his English translations of Latin and German works. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although no heterotrophs use carbon dioxide in biosynthesis, some carbon dioxide is incorporated in their metabolism. Notably pyruvate carboxylase consumes carbon dioxide (as bicarbonate ions) as part of gluconeogenesis, and carbon dioxide is consumed in various anaplerotic reactions.
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mathews married Ella Gillfillan (B.A. 1907, University of Wisconsin) on June 26, 1909. They had two children: Marian and Jean. Marian married M. H. Withey of Madison. Jean married Charles C. Watson, a collaborator with her father and with John Warren Williams in establishing the colloid chemistry research group at the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1971, just after what a later study would identify as the point when the lakes eutrophication began in earnest, M.C. Healey and W.L. Woodall, two researchers from the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, considered Frame in a limnological study of seven lakes in and around Yellowknife that their agency was considerin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* left hand side of Navier–Stokes equations minus body force (per unit volume) acting on fluid.
* this relation is derived using this relationship which is alternative form of continuity equation | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid mechanics, the pressure-gradient force is the force that results when there is a difference in pressure across a surface. In general, a pressure is a force per unit area across a surface. A difference in pressure across a surface then implies a difference in force, which can result in an acceleration accord... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Praseodymium(III) nitride forms black crystals of a cubic system. The space group is Fm3m, with cell parameter a = 0.5165 nm, Z = 4, its structure similar to that of sodium chloride (NaCl).
The compound is readily hydrolyzed with water and reacts with acids. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The word environmental has its root in the late 19th-century French word environ (verb), meaning to encircle or to encompass. The word environment was used by Carlyle in 1827 to refer to the aggregate of conditions in which a person or thing lives. The meaning shifted again in 1956 when it was used in the ecological se... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cantilever enhanced photoacoustics measuring technology can be used e.g. in detection and analysis of gases, liquids, and solid materials in applications of research, industry, environmental, safety, and security. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kai Simons is the son of a physics professor. His father convinced him to study medicine, though he originally wanted to study physics. While studying at the University of Helsinki, Simons spent a summer internship in the Stockholm laboratory of Bengt Samuelsson There, he studied mechanisms of vitamin B12 absorption. H... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Bio: Shortened form of Biology; refers to usage of bacteria.
*Hydro: Term referring to the usage of water; process occurs in aqueous environments
*Metallurgy: A process involving the separating and refining of metals from other substances;
*Bioleaching: Using biological agents (bacteria) to extract metals or soils; ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is possible to perform lateral force measurements using a nc-AFM probe oscillating normal to the surface under study. This method uses a similar method to force spectroscopy except the tip is moved parallel to the surface while the frequency shift is recorded, this is repeated at multiple heights above the surface, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Emerging technologies are aiming to combine pooled CRISPR screens with the detailed resolution of massively parallel single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Studies utilising “CRISP-seq”, “CROP-seq”, and “PERTURB-seq” have demonstrated rich genomic readouts, accurately identifying gene expression signatures for individua... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is often useful to group processes into pairs, in which each variable held constant is one member of a conjugate pair. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depletion forces were first described by Sho Asakura and Fumio Oosawa in 1954. In their model, the force is always considered to be attractive. Additionally, the force is considered to be proportional to the osmotic pressure. The Asakura–Oosawa model assumes low macromolecule densities and that the density distribution... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Before signals can be detected in a ZULF NMR experiment, it is first necessary to polarize the nuclear spin ensemble, since the signal is proportional to the nuclear spin magnetization. There are a number of methods to generate nuclear spin polarization. The most common is to allow the spins to thermally equilibrate in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Steel casing pipe, also known as encasement pipe, is most commonly used in underground construction to protect utility lines of various types from getting damaged. Such damage might occur due to the elements of nature or human activity.
Steel casing pipe is used in different types of horizontal underground boring, whe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using experimental data as a starting point, homology transfer is one way to predict interactomes. Here, PPIs from one organism are used to predict interactions among homologous proteins in another organism ("interologs"). However, this approach has certain limitations, primarily because the source data may not be reli... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A pigment termed molybdenum blue is recorded in 1844 as a mixture of molybdenum with "oxyde of tin or phosphate of lime". An alternative formulation involves "digesting" molybdenum sulfide with nitric acid to form molybdic acid, which is then mixed with tin filings and a little muriatic acid (HCl). This is evaporated ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 1st analytical group of cations consists of ions which form insoluble chlorides. As such, the group reagent to separate them is hydrochloric acid, usually used at a concentration of 1–2 M. Concentrated HCl must not be used, because it forms a soluble complex ([PbCl]) with Pb. Consequently, the Pb ion would go... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to historian Tonio Andrade, "Scholars today overwhelmingly concur that the gun was invented in China," however multiple independent gunpowder and gun invention theories continue to exist today, advocating for European, Islamic, or Indian origins. Opponents of Chinese invention and transmission criticize the v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a single tube, isothermal alternative to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By adding a reverse transcriptase enzyme to an RPA reaction it can detect RNA as well as DNA, without the need for a separate step to produce cDNA,. Because it is isothermal, RPA can use much simp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ilya Iosifovich Moiseev (; 15 March 1929 – 10 October 2020) was a Soviet and Russian chemist. An expert in both kinetics and the coordination chemistry of transition metals, he made significant advances in metal-complex catalysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hermann Senftleben (April 8, 1890, in Bremen – 1975 in Recklinghausen) was a German physicist and physical chemist. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recreation of the prostate epithelium is motivated by evidence suggesting it to be the site of nucleation in cancer metastasis. These systems essentially serve as the next step in the development of cells cultured from mice to two and subsequently three-dimensional human cell culturing. PDMS developments have enabled t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 1942 to 1945, Cram worked in chemical research at Merck & Co laboratories, doing penicillin research with mentor Max Tishler. Postdoctoral work was as an American Chemical Society postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with John D. Roberts. Cram was the originator of Cram's rule, which p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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