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For patients who have achieved long term remission, it is recommended to discontinue lithium gradually and in a controlled fashion.
Discontinuation symptoms may occur in patients stopping the medication including irritability, restlessness and somatic symptoms like vertigo, dizziness or lightheadedness. Symptoms occur ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical exothermic reactions are generally more spontaneous than their counterparts, endothermic reactions.
In a thermochemical reaction that is exothermic, the heat may be listed among the products of the reaction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CRISPR-associated transposons or CASTs are mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that have evolved to make use of minimal CRISPR systems for RNA-guided transposition of their DNA. Unlike traditional CRISPR systems that contain interference mechanisms to degrade targeted DNA, CASTs lack proteins and/or protein domains responsi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Evelyn B. Man was born in Lawrence, New York, but she grew up in North Stonington, Connecticut. Man's father, Edward Man, was an attorney from New York City and her mother was Mary Hewitt Man.
Man graduated from Wheeler High School, and then, in 1925, she graduated from Wellesley College with a degree in chemistry. M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Type-II superconductivity is characterized by two critical fields called B and B. At a magnetic field B the applied magnetic field starts to penetrate the sample, but the sample is still superconducting. Only at a field of B the sample is completely normal. For fields in between B and B magnetic flux penetrates the sup... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Newbery-Vautin process and other processes based on chlorination were replaced by processes based on cyanidation, which used fewer reagents. Processes that are free of cyanide and emit less toxic byproducts have also been developed. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thioesters have general structure R−C(O)−S−R. They are related to regular esters (R−C(O)−O−R) but are more susceptible to hydrolysis and related reactions. Thioesters formed from coenzyme A are prominent in biochemistry, especially in fatty acid synthesis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mecillinam (INN) or amdinocillin (USAN) is an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic of the amidinopenicillin class that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria. It is used primarily in the treatment of urinary tract infections, and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Marilyn and Sturges W. Bailey Distinguished Member Award, is the highest honor of The Clay Minerals Society, based in Virginia, United States. It is awarded solely for scientific eminence in clay mineralogy (in its broadest sense) as evidenced by the publication of outstanding original scientific research and by th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) is a reagent used in organic chemistry for the iodination of alkenes and as a mild oxidant.
NIS is the iodine analog of N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) which are used for similar applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook (also known as Perrys Handbook, Perrys, or The Chemical Engineers Bible') was first published in 1934 and the most current ninth edition was published in July 2018. It has been a source of chemical engineering knowledge for chemical engineers, and a wide variety of other engineers and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chambers isolated by filters are proper tools for accurate determination of chemotactic behavior. The pioneer type of these chambers was constructed by Boyden. The motile cells are placed into the upper chamber, while fluid containing the test substance is filled into the lower one. The size of the motile cells to be i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A thermodynamic instrument is any device for the measurement of thermodynamic systems. In order for a thermodynamic parameter or physical quantity to be truly defined, a technique for its measurement must be specified. For example, the ultimate definition of temperature is "what a thermometer reads". The question follo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
French chemist Louis Pasteur was the first zymologist when in 1857 he connected yeast to fermentation. Pasteur originally defined fermentation as "respiration without air".
Pasteur performed careful research and concluded:
The German Eduard Buchner, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in chemistry, later determined that fer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
S. pneumoniae is human pathogenic bacterium in which the process of genetic transformation was first described in the 1930s. In order for a bacterium to take up exogenous DNA from its surroundings, it must become competent. In S. pneumoniae, a number of complex events must occur to achieve a competent state, but it i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are many species of bacteria and other microorganisms that live on or inside the healthy human body. In fact, there are roughly as many microbial as human cells in the human body by number.
(much less by mass or volume). Some of these symbionts are necessary for our health. Those that neither help nor harm humans... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cheon enrolled in Yonsei University in 1981 majoring in chemistry. He later obtained a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in 1985 and 1987, respectively. Studying under Professor Gregory S. Girolami, Cheon received a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1993. Staying in the U... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Reformatsky reaction (sometimes transliterated as Reformatskii reaction) is an organic reaction which condenses aldehydes or ketones with α-halo esters using metallic zinc to form β-hydroxy-esters:
The organozinc reagent, also called a Reformatsky enolate, is prepared by treating an alpha-halo ester with zinc dust.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1′ carbon of the ribose sugar, and esterified with tri-phosphoric acid at the 5′ position. Its main role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription. UTP is the precursor for the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper is the eighth most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, is available all over the world, and is one of the few that can appear in a pure state. It is not complicated to work with, and a bare hammering can be enough to transform a nugget into a bead. The eye-catching look of native copper makes it easy to recogni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In one study, it was estimated that for every dollar ($1) that is spent on pesticides for crops can yield up to four dollars ($4) in crops saved. This means based that, on the amount of money spent per year on pesticides, $10 billion, there is an additional $40 billion savings in crop that would be lost due to damage b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is an alternate method of analysis based on RNA sequencing rather than hybridization. SAGE relies on the sequencing of 10–17 base pair tags which are unique to each gene. These tags are produced from poly-A mRNA and ligated end-to-end before sequencing. SAGE gives an unbiased m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acidifiers are inorganic chemicals that, put into a human (or other mammalian) body, either produce or become acid.
These chemicals increase the level of gastric acid in the stomach when ingested, thus decreasing the stomach pH.
Out of many types of acidifiers, the main four are:
* Gastric acidifiers, these are the dru... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To date, OTTR has been used for quantifying tRNA species. This method provides a reliable and precise quantification of tRNAs and allows for the detection of changes in tRNA levels under different physiological conditions. Therefore, this method is useful for a variety of research applications in the field of molecular... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prime editing is a search-and-replace genome editing technology in molecular biology by which the genome of living organisms may be modified. The technology directly writes new genetic information into a targeted DNA site. It uses a fusion protein, consisting of a catalytically impaired Cas9 endonuclease fused to an en... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hemamala Indivari Karunadasa is an assistant professor of chemistry at Stanford University. She works on hybrid organic – inorganic materials, such as perovskites, for clean energy and large area lighting. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*NASA, Vortex-lattice utilization. NASA SP-405, NASA-Langley, Washington, 1976.
*Prandtl. L, Applications of modern hydrodynamics to aeronautics, NACA-TR-116, NASA, 1923.
*Falkner. V.M., The Accuracy of Calculations Based on Vortex Lattice Theory, Rep. No. 9621, British A.R.C., 1946.
*J. Katz, A. Plotkin, Low-Speed Aer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most popular protein stain is Coomassie brilliant blue. It is an anionic dye, which non-specifically binds to proteins. Proteins in the gel are fixed by acetic acid and simultaneously stained. The excess dye incorporated into the gel can be removed by destaining with the same solution without the dye. The proteins ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Helferich method may refer to:
#Glycosylation of an alcohol using a glycosyl acetate as glycosyl donor and a Lewis acid (e.g. a metal halide) as promoter
#Glycosylation of an alcohol using a glycosyl halide as a glycosyl donor and a mercury salt as promoter (cf the Koenigs-Knorr reaction, which uses silver salts as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Label the hydrogen spin as , and the carbon spin by . For illustrative purposes, we assume that the equilibrium state only has polarisation on the -spin (in reality, there will also be polarisation on the spin, with the relative populations determined by the thermal Boltzmann factors). The -coupling Hamiltonian is
whi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Pearson symbol should only be used to designate simple structures (elements, some binary compound) where the number of atoms per unit cell equals, ideally, the number of translationally equivalent points. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is a derivative of pyridine with the chemical formula (CH)NCHN. This white solid is of interest because it is more basic than pyridine, owing to the resonance stabilisation from the NMe substituent.
Because of its basicity, DMAP is a useful nucleophilic catalyst for a variety of reaction... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crosslinking generally involves covalent bonds that join two polymer chains. The term curing refers to the crosslinking of thermosetting resins, such as unsaturated polyester and epoxy resin, and the term vulcanization is characteristically used for rubbers. When polymer chains are crosslinked, the material becomes mor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On a daily scale, GPP rates are most affected by the diel cycle of photosynthetically active radiation while ER is largely affected by changes in water temperature. Additionally, ER rates are also tied to the quantity or quality of the organic substrate and relative contributions of autotrophic and heterotrophic respir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the first few decades of nuclear magnetic resonance, spectrometers used a technique known as continuous-wave (CW) spectroscopy, where the transverse spin magnetization generated by a weak oscillating magnetic field is recorded as a function of the oscillation frequency or static field strength B. When the oscillatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of cone angle is most easily visualized with symmetrical ligands, e.g. PR. But the approach has been refined to include less symmetrical ligands of the type PRR′R″ as well as diphosphines. In such asymmetric cases, the substituent angles half angles, , are averaged and then doubled to find the total cone an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RIC wettability characterization technique is based on a modified form of Washburn's equation (1921). The technique enables relatively quick and accurate measurements of wettability in terms of contact angle while requiring no complex equipment. The method is applicable for any set of reservoir fluids, on any type of r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gear meters differ from oval gear meters in that the measurement chambers are made up of the gaps between the teeth of the gears. These openings divide up the fluid stream and as the gears rotate away from the inlet port, the meter's inner wall closes off the chamber to hold the fixed amount of fluid. The outlet port i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are actually several physical mechanisms that produce the elastic forces within the network chains as a rubber sample is stretched. Two of these arise from entropy changes and one is associated with the distortion of the molecular bond angles along the chain backbone. These three mechanisms are immediately appare... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Its presence was identified by Nakabayashi and co-workers where the hybrid layer consists of demineralized intertubular dentin and infiltrated and polymerized adhesive resin.
The hybrid layer is hydrophobic, acid resistant and tough. The quality of hybrid layer formed decides the strength of resin dentin interface. Whe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The convention surrounding P-NMR (and other nuclei) changed convention in 1975: "The dimensionless scale should be defined as positive in the high frequency (low field) direction." Therefore, note that manuscripts published before 1976 will generally have the opposite sign. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones are the most commonly employed substrates for vicinal difunctionalization. They tend to be more reactive than acyclic analogues and undergo less direct addition than aldehydes. Amides and esters can be used to encourage conjugate addition in cases when direct addition may be competitive (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dmitri Petrovich Konovalov (22 March 1856 – 6 January 1929) was a Russian-Soviet physical chemist who worked on gas-liquid phases of solutions in equilibrium and came up with several rules that were also independently worked on by J. Willard Gibbs and the rules are often called Gibbs-Konovalov rules. They provide the b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) that bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
Recombinant DNA is the general name for a piece of DNA that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The isomeric shift on atomic spectral lines is the energy or frequency shift in atomic spectra, which occurs when one replaces one nuclear isomer by another. The effect was predicted by Richard M. Weiner in 1956, whose calculations showed that it should be measurable by atomic (optical) spectroscopy (see also). It was ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Open PHACTS (Open Pharmacological Concept Triple Store) was a European initiative public–private partnership between academia, publishers, enterprises, pharmaceutical companies and other organisations working to enable better, cheaper and faster drug discovery. It has been funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pipecolic acid (piperidine-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound with the formula HNCHCOH. It is a carboxylic acid derivative of piperidine and, as such, an amino acid, although not one encoded genetically. Like many other α-amino acids, pipecolic acid is chiral, although the S-stereoisomer is more common. It is a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The experimental position improved dramatically after research by Henry Moseley in 1913. Moseley, after discussions with Bohr who was at the same lab (and who had used Van den Broeks hypothesis in his Bohr model of the atom), decided to test Van den Broeks and Bohrs hypothesis directly, by seeing if spectral lines emit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The gua operon is responsible for regulating the synthesis of guanosine mono phosphate (GMP), a purine nucleotide, from inosine monophosphate (IMP or inosinate). It consists of two structural genes guaB (encodes for IMP dehydrogenase or and guaA (encodes for GMP synthetase) apart from the promoter and operator region. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the first example, we will show how to use a mass balance to derive a relationship between the percent excess air for the combustion of a hydrocarbon-base fuel oil and the percent oxygen in the combustion product gas. First, normal dry air contains of oxygen per mole of air, so there is one mole of in of dry air.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The potential energy and unique bonding structure contained in the bonds of molecules with ring strain can be used to drive reactions in organic synthesis. Examples of such reactions are ring opening metathesis polymerisation, photo-induced ring opening of cyclobutenes, and nucleophilic ring-opening of epoxides and azi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, alpha-elimination refers to reactions of this type:
:RCHX → RC: + HX
The reaction is employed to generate carbenes and nitrenes. The formation of dichlorocarbene from chloroform is an example.
Alpha eliminations contrasts with beta eliminations, which are commonly used to generate alkenes:
:RC... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike the other assimilatory pathways, bacteria using the RuBP pathway derive all of their organic carbon from assimilation. This pathway was first elucidated in photosynthetic autotrophs and is better known as the Calvin Cycle. Shortly thereafter, methylotrophic bacteria who could grow on reduced compounds were fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to his own activity as a chemist, Speter had a great interest in the study of the history of chemistry. The title of his doctoral dissertation, publish 1910, was "Lavoisier and his Forerunners"
. Later he studied various areas of chemistry, but his main interests were in the histories of sugar and superphos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In high energy particle physics nucleon-lepton scattering, the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) is a method to obtain information on the nucleon structure. It expands the traditional method of deep inelastic scattering (DIS). In DIS, only the scattered lepton is detected while the remnants of the shatte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non-photochemical quenching is measured by the quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and is distinguished from photochemical quenching by applying a bright light pulse under actinic light to transiently saturate photosystem II reaction center and compare the maximal yield of fluorescence emission under light and dark-a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The second law of thermodynamics can be interpreted as quantifying state transformations which are statistically unlikely so that they become effectively forbidden. The second law typically applies to systems composed of many particles interacting; Quantum thermodynamics resource theory is a formulation of thermodynami... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organometallic chemistry, a metal–ligand multiple bond describes the interaction of certain ligands with a metal with a bond order greater than one. Coordination complexes featuring multiply bonded ligands are of both scholarly and practical interest. transition metal carbene complexes catalyze the olefin metathesis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanolithography is the technique to pattern materials and build devices under nano-scale. Nanolithography is often used together with thin-film-deposition, self-assembly, and self-organization techniques for various nanofabrications purpose. Many practical applications make use of nanolithography, including semiconduct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The higher heating value is experimentally determined in a bomb calorimeter. The combustion of a stoichiometric mixture of fuel and oxidizer (e.g. two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen) in a steel container at is initiated by an ignition device and the reactions allowed to complete. When hydrogen and oxygen rea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most tanning beds are horizontal enclosures with a bench and canopy (lid) that house long, low-pressure fluorescent bulbs (100–200 watt) under an acrylic surface. The tanner is surrounded by bulbs when the canopy is closed. Modern tanning beds emit mostly UVA (the sun emits around 95% UVA and 5% UVB). One review of stu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Disulfide is also used to refer to compounds that contain two sulfide (S) centers. The compound carbon disulfide, CS is described with the structural formula i.e. S=C=S. This molecule is not a disulfide in the sense that it lacks a S-S bond. Similarly, molybdenum disulfide, MoS, is not a disulfide in the sense again th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the dodecahedral molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where eight atoms or groups of atoms or ligands are arranged around a central atom defining the vertices of a snub disphenoid (also known as a trigonal dodecahedron). This shape has D symmetry and is one of the three common shapes for oc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is worthy to note that due to the multiple reactive sites of the multivinyl monomers, plenty of unreacted pendent vinyl groups are introduced to linear primary polymer chains. These pendent vinyl groups have the potential to react with propagating active centres either from their own polymer chain or others. Therefo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A presumed blood sample is first collected with a swab. A drop of phenolphthalein reagent is added to the sample, and after a few seconds, a drop of hydrogen peroxide is applied to the swab. If the swab turns pink rapidly, it is said to test presumptive positive for blood. Waiting for periods over 30 seconds will resul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Ohnesorge number (Oh) is a dimensionless number that relates the viscous forces to inertial and surface tension forces. The number was defined by Wolfgang von Ohnesorge in his 1936 doctoral thesis.
It is defined as:
Where
* μ is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid
* ρ is the density of the liquid
* σ is the surfac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When Criegee intermediates are formed, some portion of them will undergo prompt unimolecular decay, producing OH radicals and other products. However, they may instead become stabilized by interactions with other molecules or react with other chemicals to give different products.
Criegee intermediates may be collisiona... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioeffectors have a direct or indirect effect on plant performance by influencing the functional implementation or activation of biological mechanisms, particularly those interfering with soil-plant-microbe interactions.
In contrast to conventional fertilizers and pesticides, the effectiveness of bioeffectors is not ba... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some microbes are heterotrophic (more precisely chemoorganoheterotrophic), using organic compounds as both carbon and energy sources. Heterotrophic microbes live off of nutrients that they scavenge from living hosts (as commensals or parasites) or find in dead organic matter of all kind (saprophages). Microbial metabol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Physical, chemical, and biological processes combine in wetlands to remove contaminants from wastewater. An understanding of these processes is fundamental not only to designing wetland systems but to understanding the fate of chemicals once they enter the wetland. Theoretically, wastewater treatment within a construct... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrodialysis is a process of separation which uses ion-exchange membranes and an electrical potential as a driving force. It is mainly used to remove ions from aqueous solutions. There are three electrodialysis processes which are commonly used - Donnan dialysis, reverse electrodialysis, and electro-electrodialysis.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Frictional forces play a role in determining the flow properties of compressible flow in ducts. In calculations, friction is either taken as inclusive or exclusive. If friction is inclusive, then the analysis of compressible flow becomes more complex as if friction is not inclusive. If the friction is exclusive to the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In analytical chemistry, a standard solution (titrant or titrator) is a solution containing an accurately known concentration. Standard solutions are generally prepared by dissolving a solute of known mass into a solvent to a precise volume, or by diluting a solution of known concentration with more solvent.
Standard s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a solution that decreases in acidity, methyl orange moves from the color red to orange and finally to yellow with the opposite occurring for a solution increasing in acidity. This color change from yellow to red occurs because the protons in the acidic solution react with the N=N bond of the molecule, protonating on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Georg-Maria Schwab (, ; 3 February 1899 – 23 December 1984) was a German-Greek physical chemist recognised for his important contributions in the field of catalysis and the kinetics thereof.
Schwab's early academic career in Berlin and Würzburg (1923–1928) was characterised by meticulous experimental work as a kinetici... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Autologous MDSC Injections to Treat Urinary Incontinence: an in vivo injection technique for pure stress incontinence in female subjects in which defective muscle cells were replaced with stem cells that would differentiate to become functioning smooth muscle cells in the urinary sphincter
* Vascular Smooth Muscle re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In crystallography, a periodic graph or crystal net is a three-dimensional periodic graph, i.e., a three-dimensional Euclidean graph whose vertices or nodes are points in three-dimensional Euclidean space, and whose edges (or bonds or spacers) are line segments connecting pairs of vertices, periodic in three linearly i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ethanol is obtained by fermentation of glucose (which is often obtained from starch) in the presence of yeast. Carbon dioxide is cogenerated. Like ethanol, butanol can be produced by fermentation processes. Saccharomyces yeast are known to produce these higher alcohols at temperatures above . The bacterium Clostridium... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fatta-Kassinos has worked in the area of environmental science and authored numerous publications. Her research spans the fields of wastewater treatment and reuse, with a particular focus on Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP), and on the development, and use of techniques for identifying contaminants of emerging concer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks are crystalline porous polymers assembled from organic monomers linked through hydrogen bonds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On 17 October 1898, Humphrey matriculated for chemistry at the University of Zurich. She joined a growing band of Alfred Werners students, working in the inadequate cellars known as the "Katakomben" (catacombs). Humphrey was awarded a grant of £60 a year for three years by the Technical Education Board of the London Co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Composite materials contain two or more macroscopic phases, one of which is often ceramic. For example, a continuous matrix, and a dispersed phase of ceramic particles or fibers.
Applications of composite materials range from structural elements such as steel-reinforced concrete, to the thermally insulative tiles that ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* BMS-986121: μ-PAM
* BMS-986122: μ-PAM
* Ignavine
* Oxytocin: μ-PAM
* δ-PAM (see reference)
* Cannabidiol
* Tetrahydrocannabinol
* Sodium (Na) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Minerals are naturally occurring solids formed through various geological processes under high pressures. To be classified as a true mineral, a substance must have a crystal structure with uniform physical properties throughout. Minerals range in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very complex silicates... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Targeting of TNRF2 in tumor cells is associated with increased tumor cell death and decreased progression of tumor cell growth.
Increased expression of TNFR2 is found in breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, and renal cancer. A link between the expression of TNRF2 in tumor cells and late-stage cancer has been d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The homologous series of straight-chained alkanes begins methane (CH), ethane (CH), propane (CH), butane (CH), and pentane (CH). In that series, successive members differ in mass by an extra methylene bridge (-CH- unit) inserted in the chain. Thus the molecular mass of each member differs by 14 atomic mass units. Adjac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An experiment for the preparation of mercuric oxide was first described by 11th century Arab-Spanish alchemist, Maslama al-Majriti, in Rutbat al-hakim. It was historically called red precipitate (as opposed to white precepitate being the mercuric amidochloride).
In 1774, Joseph Priestley discovered that oxygen was rele... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A transition metal alkoxide complex is a kind of coordination complex containing one or more alkoxide ligands, written as , where R is the organic substituent. Metal alkoxides are used for coatings and as catalysts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since the separation of biological molecules such as proteins would be better served by isocratic elution with an aqueous solvent, resolution of HPLC analysis should be tweaked in the area of stationary phases to elute such analytes that may be sensitive to organic solvents. Kanazawa et al. recognized the possibility o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), a underground observatory in Sudbury, Canada, is the other site where neutrino oscillation research was taking place in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The results from experiments at this observatory along with those at Super-Kamiokande are what helped solve the solar neutrino ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a fully filled duct or pipe whose cross-section is a regular polygon, the hydraulic diameter is equivalent to the diameter of a circle inscribed within the wetted perimeter.
This can be seen as follows: The -sided regular polygon is a union of triangles, each of height and base .
Each such triangle contributes ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
[https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/superfund-sites-identified-by-epa-to-have-pfas-contamination Five military installations] in Washington State have been identified by the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works as having PFAS contamination. Toward environmental and consumer protections, the Wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcriptomics methods are highly parallel and require significant computation to produce meaningful data for both microarray and RNA-Seq experiments. Microarray data is recorded as high-resolution images, requiring feature detection and spectral analysis. Microarray raw image files are each about 750 MB in size, whil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Leimgruber–Batcho, Bartoli and Baeyer–Emmerling indole syntheses begin with aromatic nitro compounds. Indigo can be synthesized in a condensation reaction from ortho-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone in strongly basic conditions in a reaction known as the Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Elizabeth A. Canuel is a chemical oceanographer known for her work on organic carbon cycling in aquatic environments. She is the Chancellor Professor of Marine Science at the College of William & Mary and is an elected fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Benesi–Hildebrand method is a mathematical approach used in physical chemistry for the determination of the equilibrium constant K and stoichiometry of non-bonding interactions. This method has been typically applied to reaction equilibria that form one-to-one complexes, such as charge-transfer complexes and host–g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An April paper reported that gene therapy addressed achromatopsia (color blindness) in dogs by targeting cone photoreceptors. Cone function and day vision were restored for at least 33 months in two young specimens. The therapy was less efficient for older dogs.
In September it was announced that an 18-year-old male pa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
there was no evidence that an increase in physical performance occurs after inhaling salbutamol, but there are various reports for benefit when delivered orally or intravenously. In spite of this, salbutamol required "a declaration of Use in accordance with the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions" und... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coefficient of discharge for sharp-edged orifice plates with corner, flange or D and D/2 tappings and no drain or vent hole (Reader-Harris/Gallagher equation):
:and if D < 71.2mm in which case this further term is added to C:
:In the equation for C,
::and only the three following pairs of values for L and L' are valid:... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The nuclear drip line is the boundary beyond which atomic nuclei are unbound with respect to the emission of a proton or neutron.
An arbitrary combination of protons and neutrons does not necessarily yield a stable nucleus. One can think of moving up or to the right across the table of nuclides by adding a proton or a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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