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There are various classification schemes. A commonly used scheme is based on the number of carbons and was devised by Jeffrey Harborne and Simmonds in 1964 and published in 1980: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An arrastra (or arastra) is a primitive mill for grinding and pulverizing (typically) gold or silver ore. Its simplest form is two or more flat-bottomed drag stones placed in a circular pit paved with flat stones, and connected to a center post by a long arm. With a horse, mule or human providing power at the other end... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fine chemical industry has undergone several boom and bust phases during its almost 30 years of existence. The biggest boom took place in the late 1990s, when high-dosage, high volume anti-AIDS drugs and COX-2 inhibitors gave a big boost to custom manufacturing. After the end of the "irrational exuberance" in 2000,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Johannes Wislicenus (; 24 June 18355 December 1902) was a German chemist, most famous for his work in early stereochemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following table outlines several channels that have been closed using sand, illustrating the technique's application and effectiveness.
Note: Several compartments did not encompass fully enclosed basins, making a surface area metric inapplicable.
During the closure of the Geul at the mouth of the Oosterschelde—char... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Relative inductive effects have been experimentally measured through the resulting s of a nearby carboxylic acid group (see ). In increasing order of -I effect or decreasing order of +I effect, common functional groups are:
Hydrogen subsituents also exhibit an isotope effect: relative to the same order,
where H is hyd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Blood types are an example of how glycolipids on cell membranes mediate cell interactions with the surrounding environment. The four main human blood types (A, B, AB, O) are determined by the oligosaccharide attached to a specific glycolipid on the surface of red blood cells, which acts as an antigen. The unmodified an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has recently been found that Acinetobacter sp. also show quorum sensing activity. This bacterium, an emerging pathogen, produces AHLs. Acinetobacter sp. shows both quorum sensing and quorum quenching activity. It produces AHLs and can also degrade the AHL molecules. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Moungi Bawendi was born in Paris, France, the son of Tunisian mathematician Mohammed Salah Baouendi. After periods living in France and Tunisia, Bawendi and his family migrated to the United States when he was a child. They lived in West Lafayette, Indiana, as Salah worked in the math department at Purdue University. B... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some humans produce flatus that contains methane. In one study of the feces of nine adults, five of the samples contained archaea capable of producing methane. Similar results are found in samples of gas obtained from within the rectum.
Even among humans whose flatus does contain methane, the amount is in the range of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While chemically pure materials have a single melting point, chemical mixtures often partially melt at the solidus temperature (T or T), and fully melt at the higher liquidus temperature (T or T). The solidus is always less than or equal to the liquidus, but they need not coincide. If a gap exists between the solidus a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited when one or more of the three following ratios are increased: ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD and acetyl-CoA/CoA.
In eukaryotes PDC is tightly regulated by its own specific pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP), deactivating and activating it respectively... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Human artificial chromosome may be potentially useful as a gene transfer vectors for gene delivery into human cells, and a tool for expression studies and determining human chromosome function. It can carry very large DNA fragment (there is no upper limit on size for practical purposes), therefore it does not have the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a trenchless technology, CIPP does not require excavation to rehabilitate a pipeline that is either leaking or structurally unsound. Depending upon design considerations an excavation may be made, but the liner is often installed through a manhole or other existing access point. Liner is installed as it is wet out o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The formation of 5-phosphoribosylamine from glutamine and PRPP catalysed by PRPP amino transferase is the regulation point for purine synthesis. The enzyme is an allosteric enzyme, so it can be converted from IMP, GMP and AMP in high concentration binds the enzyme to exerts inhibition while PRPP is in large amount bind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MTBE removal from groundwater and soil contamination in the U.S. was estimated to cost from $1 billion to US$30 billion, including removing the compound from aquifers and municipal water supplies and replacing leaky underground oil tanks. In one case, the cost to oil companies to clean up the MTBE in wells belonging to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The B Horizon has dark layer where minerals, organic matter and bases are being illuviated (washed in/accumulated). Below this is a red/orange layer of iron and aluminium sesquioxides deposit. Some bases remain in the soil, though others may be lost by throughflow. In many podsols, Iron Pans are created. This can cause... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Similarly to drugs, medical or surgical procedures may be subjected to clinical trials, such as comparing different surgical approaches in treatment of fibroids for subfertility. However, when clinical trials are unethical or logistically impossible in the surgical setting, case-controlled studies will be replaced. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As mentioned above, the noise due to the Brownian fluctuations of the bead increases with length. Robust sequencing tests have yet to be performed to determine the maximum read length of this system. However, the ligation of a 7-mer in the middle of a 1241 nucleotide-long hairpin was successfully detected, suggesting... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PPA is known to have a rigid and brittle backbone which limits its flexibility and usage in some applications. However, it can be easily tuned by adding additives rendering it a soft material. The mechanical properties of cyclic PPA films drop cast using different solvents have recently been investigated. The study sho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The applications of chemotactic drug delivery systems include but are not limited to cancer therapy, wound healing, and inflammation. The ability to target specific cells and locations within the body through chemical cues has opened up new avenues for the field of drug delivery, allowing for increased drug efficacy an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons and protons, which in turn are the manifestation of more elementary particles, called quarks, that are held in association by the nuclear strong force in certain stable combinations of hadrons, called baryons. The nuclear strong force extends far enough from each baryon so as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The full stack for DNA computing looks very similar to a traditional computer architecture. At the highest level, a C-like general purpose programming language is expressed using a set of chemical reaction networks (CRNs). This intermediate representation gets translated to domain-level DNA design and then implemented ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many synthetic supramolecular systems are designed to copy functions of biological systems. These biomimetic architectures can be used to learn about both the biological model and the synthetic implementation. Examples include photoelectrochemical systems, catalytic systems, protein design and self-replication. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NeSSI is used for process analytical measurements in the petrochemical, chemical and oil refining industries. These measurements may be for quality control of raw material or final product, environmental compliance, safety, energy reduction or process control purposes. Vapour applications may include hydrocarbon feed s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carborane acids (X, Y, Z = H, Alk, F, Cl, Br, CF) are a class of superacids, some of which are estimated to be at least one million times stronger than 100% pure sulfuric acid in terms of their Hammett acidity function values (H ≤ –18) and possess computed pK values well below –20, establishing them as some of the str... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An inflatable is an object that can be inflated with a gas, usually with air, but hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen are also used. One of several advantages of an inflatable is that it can be stored in a small space when not inflated, since inflatables depend on the presence of a gas to maintain their size and shape. Func... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are about 44,000 gigatonnes of carbon in the atmosphere and oceans. A gigatonne is one billion metric tonnes, equivalent to the mass of water in over 400,000 Olympic-size swimming pools. Large as this quantity is, it only amounts to a small fraction of one percent of Earth's carbon. Over 90% may reside in the cor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The crystal structure describes the three-dimensional periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystal. The unit cell represents the simplest repeating unit of the crystal structure. It is a parallelepiped containing a certain spatial arrangement of atoms, ions, molecules, or molecular fragments. From the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Substituted tryptamines, or serotonin analogues, are organic compounds which may be thought of as being derived from tryptamine itself. The molecular structures of all tryptamines contain an indole ring, joined to an amino (NH) group via an ethyl (−CH2–CH2−) sidechain. In substituted tryptamines, the indole ring, sidec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A piped water supply and distribution system is intermittent when water continuity is for less than 24 hours a day or not on all days of the week. During this continuity defining factors are water pressure and equity. At least 45 countries have intermittent water supply (IWS) systems. It is contrasted with a continuous... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The attention of Newton was also directed to the discharge of water from orifices in the bottom of vessels. He supposed a cylindrical vessel full of water to be perforated in its bottom with a small hole by which the water escaped, and the vessel to be supplied with water in such a manner that it always remained full a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tablet presses, also called tableting machines, range from small, inexpensive bench-top models that make one tablet at a time (single-station presses), with only around a half-ton pressure, to large, computerized, industrial models (multi-station rotary presses) that can make hundreds of thousands to millions of tablet... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Albert mentions friendship in his work, De bono, as well as presenting his ideals and morals of friendship in the very beginning of Tractatus II. Later in his life he published Super Ethica. With his development of friendship throughout his work it is evident that friendship ideals and morals took relevance as his life... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Examples of restriction enzymes include:
Key:<br/>
= blunt ends<br/>
N = C or G or T or A<br/>
W = A or T | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Arthashastra lays down the role of the Director of Metals, the Director of Forest Produce and the Director of Mining. It is the duty of the Director of Metals to establish factories for different metals. The Director of Mines is responsible for the inspection of mines. The Arthashastra also refers to counterfeit co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIXI_pl-Akk&feature=emb_logo Solar power from space] 5-minute video about space-based solar power plants by the European Space Agency
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091020135852/http://www.thefutureschannel.com/dockets/realworld/space_based_solar_power/ Powering the Planet] 20-minut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Determining the parameters of the Michaelis–Menten equation typically involves running a series of enzyme assays at varying substrate concentrations , and measuring the initial reaction rates , i.e. the reaction rates are measured after a time period short enough for it to be assumed that the enzyme-substrate complex h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pressure-fed engine is a class of rocket engine designs. A separate gas supply, usually helium, pressurizes the propellant tanks to force fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber. To maintain adequate flow, the tank pressures must exceed the combustion chamber pressure.
Pressure fed engines have simple plumbing ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The enzyme is present in organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, which includes plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Plastid terminal oxidase and alternative oxidase are thought to have originated from a common ancestral di-iron carboxylate protein. Oxygen reductase activity was likely an ancient mechanism to scaven... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The addition of the myristoyl group proceeds via a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction. First, myristoyl coenzyme A (CoA) is positioned in its binding pocket of NMT so that the carbonyl faces two amino acid residues, phenylalanine 170 and leucine 171. This polarizes the carbonyl so that there is a net positive c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metabolic fluxes are a function of gene expression, translation, post translational protein modifications and protein-metabolite interactions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* by electric energy as electric current: electrotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy
** Transcranial magnetic stimulation
** Vagus nerve stimulation
* by magnetic energy:
** magnet therapy
** pulsed electromagnetic field therapy
** magnetic resonance therapy
* by electromagnetic radiation (EMR):
** by light: light thera... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, paucimannosylation is an enzymatic post-translational modification involving the attachment of relatively simple mannose (Man) and N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) containing carbohydrates (glycans) to proteins. The paucimannosidic glycans may also be modified with other types of monosaccharides including ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coelenterazine is found in radiolarians, ctenophores, cnidarians, squid, brittle stars, copepods, chaetognaths, fish, and shrimp. It is the prosthetic group in the protein aequorin responsible for the blue light emission. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pasquill atmospheric stability classes – oldest and, for a great many years, the most commonly used method of categorizing the amount of atmospheric turbulence present was the method developed by Pasquill in 1961.
He categorized the atmospheric turbulence into six stability classes named A, B, C, D, E and F with... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is an energy-intensive process, as it involves breaking the very stable triple bond between the nitrogen atoms. The nitrogenases catalyze the process. One such enzyme occurs in Rhizobium bacteria. There are three components to its action: a molybdenum atom at the active site, iron–s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aequorin is presumably encoded in the genome of Aequorea. At least four copies of the gene were recovered as cDNA from the animal. Because the genome has not been sequenced, it is unclear if the cDNA variants can account for all of the isoforms of the protein. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A check dam placed in the ditch, swale, or channel interrupts the flow of water and flattens the gradient of the channel, thereby reducing the velocity. In turn, this obstruction induces infiltration and reduces eroding. They can be used not only to slow flow velocity but also to distribute flows across a swale to avoi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some chemical, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other. The flowing bodies can be liquids, gases, or even solid powders, or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The heat transfer at an interface is considered a transient heat flow. To analyze this problem, the Biot number is important to understand how the system behaves. The Biot number is determined by:
The heat transfer coefficient , is introduced in this formula, and is measured in . If the system has a Biot number of less... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the last ten years, many experiments have been conducted numerically and analytically to validate the importance of nanofluids.
From the table 1 it is clear that nanofluid-based collector have a higher efficiency than a conventional collector. So, it is clear that we can improve conventional collector simply by addi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1939, ten years after work ceased at St. Marys, a team of scientists at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at the University of Oxford, led by Howard Florey that included Edward Abraham, Ernst Chain, Norman Heatley and Margaret Jennings, began researching penicillin. Their starting point was Flemings largely f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A wide variety of algorithms have been developed to facilitate detection of promoters in genomic sequence, and promoter prediction is a common element of many gene prediction methods. A promoter region is located before the -35 and -10 Consensus sequences. The closer the promoter region is to the consensus sequences th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trisoxazolines have been used for the copper catalysed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles, largely with alkylidene malonates, with good yields and ee's reported. A number of interesting solvent effects have also been observed, including a relationship between enantioselectivity and the steric bulk of the solvent when... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) and herbicide Resistance and World Grains (HRAC) systems, herbicides are classified by mode of action. Eventually the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) and the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) developed a classification system. Groups in the WSSA and the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The central carbon in 1,3-dicarbonyl compound is known as an activated methylene group. This is because, owing to the structure, the carbon is especially acidic and can easily be deprotonated to form a methylene group. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some DNA viruses encode a recombinase that facilitates homologous recombination. A well-studied example is the UvsX recombinase encoded by bacteriophage T4. UvsX is homologous to bacterial RecA. UvsX, like RecA, can facilitate the assimilation of linear single-stranded DNA into an homologous DNA duplex to produce a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Turbidimetry (the name being derived from turbidity) is the process of measuring the loss of intensity of transmitted light due to the scattering effect of particles suspended in it. Light is passed through a filter creating a light of known wavelength which is then passed through a cuvette containing a solution. A pho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using a single body-centered cubic colloidal crystal, the occurrence of Kossel lines in diffraction patterns were used to monitor the initial nucleation and subsequent motion caused distortion of the crystal. Continuous or homogeneous deformations occurring beyond the elastic limit produce a flowing crystal, where the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radicals are either (1) formed from spin-paired molecules or (2) from other radicals. Radicals are formed from spin-paired molecules through homolysis of weak bonds or electron transfer, also known as reduction. Radicals are formed from other radicals through substitution, addition, and elimination reactions. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Darodipine is an experimental calcium channel blocker that based on animal models may reduce neuronal cytoskeletal alterations during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Studies performed on rats have shown darodipine to have an effect on brain serotonergic systems. Darodipine increased the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2010 bay health improved slightly in terms of the overall health of its ecosystem, earning a rating of 31 out of 100, up from a 28 rating in 2008. An estimate in 2006 from a "blue ribbon panel" said cleanup costs would be $15 billion. Compounding the problem is that 100,000 new residents move to the area each year. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Current Medicinal Chemistry is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Bentham Science Publishers. The editor-in-chief is Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS (Kings College University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK). The journal covers developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design and publishes original research report... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, an adiabatic wall between two thermodynamic systems does not allow heat or chemical substances to pass across it, in other words there is no heat transfer or mass transfer.
In theoretical investigations, it is sometimes assumed that one of the two systems is the surroundings of the other. Then it is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A biaxial nematic is a spatially homogeneous liquid crystal with three distinct optical axes. This is to be contrasted to a simple nematic, which has a single preferred axis, around which the system is rotationally symmetric. The symmetry group of a biaxial nematic is i.e. that of a rectangular right parallelepiped, h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sampling is largely outside the control of the Public Analyst.
Local authorities have a duty to check the safety of food and to provide adequate protection of the consumer. To achieve that, they devise sampling plans, seeking to balance their need to monitor food against limited resources and other demands on their bud... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drug repurposing and chiral switches are part of the secondary pharmaceuticals strategy. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased drug repurposing and this approach suggests combining the two strategies for better results. This combination strategy is not new, but has not been intentional until now. The combination strategy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2023, researchers in the United States developed a method to determine BET surface areas using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). This method uses a TGA to heat a porous sample loaded with an adsorbate, the produced plot of sample mass vs. temperature is then mapped into a standard isotherm to which BET theory is a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In genetic engineering, the 2A peptides are used to cleave a longer peptide into two shorter peptides. The 2A peptides can be applied when the fused protein doesn’t work. Inserting the CDS of a 2A peptide into the fusing point or replacing the linker sequence with the CDS of a 2A peptide protein can cleave the fused pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For several centuries, farmers knew that certain nutrients were essential for plant growth. In different parts of the world, farmers developed different methods of fertilizing the farmland. In China, human waste was scattered in rice fields. Justus von Liebig (1803 – 1873), German chemist and founder of industrial agri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The axes of the Frost diagram show (horizontally) the oxidation state of the species in question and (vertically) the electron exchange number multiplied by the voltage (nE) or the Gibbs free energy per unit of the Faraday constant, ΔG/F. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The total stress on the bed of an open channel of infinite width is given by the hydrostatic pressure acting on the bed. For a fluid of density , an acceleration due to gravity , and a flow depth , the pressure exerted on the bed is simply the weight of an element of fluid, , times the depth of the flow, . From this, w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because ELPs are protein-based biopolymers, synthesis involves manipulation of genes to continually express the monomeric repeat unit. Various techniques have been employed in the production of ELPs of various sizes, including unidirectional ligation or concatemerization, overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (O... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the magnitude and severity of the problems with chemical shift referencing in biomolecular NMR, a number of computer programs have been developed to help mitigate the problem (see Table 1 for a summary). The first program to comprehensively tackle chemical shift mis-referencing in biomolecular NMR was SHIFTC... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Source: [https://crcq.ca/prix-michel-sarrazin/ CRCQ]
*1977 – Michel Chrétien
*1978 – Jean-Marie Delage
*1979 – Guy Lemieux
*1980 – Charles Philippe Leblond
*1981 – René Simard
*1982 – Louis Poirier
*1983 – André Barbeau
*1984 – Jacques R. Ducharme
*1985 – André Lanthier
*1986 – Claude Fortier
*1987 – Domenico Regoli
*1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nitrate was also used as a film stock through nitrocellulose. Due to its high combustibility, the studios swapped to acetate safety film in 1950. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclamin can be extracted from cyclamen plants such as the species mirabile and trocopteranthum. Cyclamen are known houseplants; this raises concerns about the awareness of the toxicity of this flower. The compound cyclamin belongs to the family of triterpene saponins, which are derived from the saponin structure. Trit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mechanism of epoxidation with dioxiranes most likely involves concerted oxygen transfer through a spiro transition state. As oxygen transfer occurs, the plane of the oxirane is perpendicular to and bisects the plane of the alkene pi system. The configuration of the alkene is maintained in the product, ruling out lo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hypoxia can modify normal behavior. Parental behaviour meant to provide oxygen to the eggs is often affected by hypoxia. For example, fanning behavior (swimming on the spot near the eggs to create a flow of water over them, and thus a constant supply of oxygen) is often increased when oxygen is less available. This has... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfinamides do not undergo inversion. They can therefore be synthesised and/or isolated in enantiopure forms. This has led to their use as chiral ammonia equivalents and more broadly as chiral auxiliaries. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2010, when Craig Venter unveiled the first fully functioning, reproducing cell controlled by synthetic DNA he described how his team used frequent stop codons to create watermarks in RNA and DNA to help confirm the results were indeed synthetic (and not contaminated or otherwise), using it to encode authors' names a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Each fission of a parent atom produces a different set of fission product atoms. However, while an individual fission is not predictable, the fission products are statistically predictable. The amount of any particular isotope produced per fission is called its yield, typically expressed as percent per parent fission... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To date, the use of rAAV mediated genome engineering has been published in over 2100 peer reviewed scientific journals.
Another emerging application of rAAV based genome editing is for gene therapy in patients, due to the accuracy and lack of off-target recombination events afforded by the approach. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is also increased in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher in patients with OSA compared to obese control subjects. Patients with OSA have higher plasma CRP concentrations that increased corresponding to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The STAT3-Ser/Hes3 signaling axis is a specific type of intracellular signaling pathway that regulates several fundamental properties of cells. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dynamic energy budget theory presents a quantitative framework of metabolic organization common to all life forms, which could help to understand evolution of metabolic organization since the origin of life. As such, it has a common aim with the other widely used metabolic theory: the West-Brown-Enquist (WBE) metabolic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The compilation contains information about the electromagnetic scattering by hexagonal ice crystals, large raindrops, and relevant links and applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Material may be separated by means of air elutriation, which employs an apparatus with a vertical tube through which fluid is passed at a controlled velocity. When the particles are introduced, often through a side tube, the smaller particles are carried over in the fluid stream while the large particles settle against... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The business of automated mineralogy is concerned with the commercialisation of the technology and software in terms of development and marketing of integrated solutions. This includes all aspects of: service; maintenance; customer support; R&D; marketing and sales. Customers of automated mineralogy solutions include: ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The end groups that are found on polymers formed through free radical polymerization are a result from the initiators and termination method used. There are many types of initiators used in modern free radical polymerizations, and below are examples of some well-known ones. For example, azobisisobutyronitrile or AIBN f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was first shown by Faraday that optical activity (the Faraday effect) could be induced in matter by a longitudinal magnetic field (a field in the direction of light propagation). The development of MCD really began in the 1930s when a quantum mechanical theory of MOR (magnetic optical rotatory dispersion) in regions... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many metal sulfides are so insoluble in water that they are probably not very toxic. Some metal sulfides, when exposed to a strong mineral acid, including gastric acids, will release toxic hydrogen sulfide.
Organic sulfides are highly flammable. When a sulfide burns it produces sulfur dioxide (SO) gas.
Hydrogen sulfide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A hydrotrope is a compound that solubilizes hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions by means other than micellar solubilization. Typically, hydrotropes consist of a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part (similar to surfactants), but the hydrophobic part is generally too small to cause spontaneous self-aggregation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the last couple of years there has been developments of CSPs based on novel chiral selectors viz. chitosan derivatives, cylofructan derivatives and chiral porous materials for HPLC chiral separation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ideal picture of liquid state NMR (LSNMR) quantum information processing (QIP) is based on a molecule in which some of its atom's nuclei behave as spin-½ systems. Depending on which nuclei we are considering they will have different energy levels and different interaction with its neighbours and so we can treat the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In cardiac ventriculography, a radionuclide, usually Tc, is injected, and the heart is imaged to evaluate the flow through it, to evaluate coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart diseases, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiac disorders. As a nuclear stress test, the average radiation exposure is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This technology can be used to diminish the effect of droughts by effectively treating the wastewater in such a way that it can be reused, specifically for agricultural purposes.
In addition, the AnMBR properly treats the organic load in wastewater such that it is not being released into the environment. The technology... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The principle of minimum energy is essentially a restatement of the second law of thermodynamics. It states that for a closed system, with constant external parameters and entropy, the internal energy will decrease and approach a minimum value at equilibrium. External parameters generally means the volume, but may in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cavitation plays a role in the spore dispersal mechanisms of certain plants. In ferns, for example, the fern sporangium acts as a catapult that launches spores into the air. The charging phase of the catapult is driven by water evaporation from the annulus cells, which triggers a pressure decrease. When the compressive... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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