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The BIOPAN program started in the early nineties with an ESA contract for the a joint development by Kayser-Threde and Kayser Italia. It was based on the heritage of a low-tech Russian exposure container called KNA (Kontejner Nauchnoj Apparatury). The BIOPAN facilities are installed on the external surface of Foton des... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cys-loop receptors have structural elements that are well conserved, with a large extracellular domain (ECD) harboring an alpha-helix and 10 beta-strands. Following the ECD, four transmembrane segments (TMSs) are connected by intracellular and extracellular loop structures. Except the TMS 3-4 loop, their lengths are on... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dielectrics are used in radio frequency (RF) transmission lines. In a coaxial cable, polyethylene can be used between the center conductor and outside shield. It can also be placed inside waveguides to form filters. Optical fibers are examples of dielectric waveguides. They consist of dielectric materials that are purp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Source: (1968–2002)
*2022 Cecília Rodrigues (University of Lisbon, Portugal)
*2019 Mathias Uhlen
*2018 Albert J.R. Heck
*2017 Carol V. Robinson
*2016 Kári Stefánsson
*2015 Jürgen Knoblich
*2014 Michael N. Hall
*2013 Richard J. Roberts
*2012 V. Ramakrishnan
*2011 Elena Conti
*2010 Harald Stenmark
*2009 Václav Hořejší
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* They are considered to be among the strongest of all types of chemical bonds. This often causes ionic compounds to be very stable.
* Ionic bonds have high bond energy. Bond energy is the mean amount of energy required to break the bond in the gaseous state.
* Most ionic compounds exist in the form of a crystal struct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology, an arginine finger is an amino acid residue of some enzymes. Arginine fingers are often found in the protein superfamily of AAA+ ATPases, GTPases, and dUTPases, where they assist in the catalysis of the gamma phosphate or gamma and beta phosphates from ATP or GTP, which creates a release of energy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hearths may be individually heated and the number, temperature, rotation rate, and size of each hearth determine the residence time and conditions for the calcining powder in order to achieve the desired final properties. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mesembrine is an alkaloid present in Sceletium tortuosum (kanna). It has been shown to act as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (K = 1.4 nM), and more recently, has also been found to behave as a weak inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) (K = 7,800 nM). In an in vitro study published in 2015, researchers con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prostanoids were discovered through biological research studies conducted in the 1930s. The first discovery was seen through semen by a Swedish Physiologist Ulf von Euler, who assumed they originated from the prostate. After intensive study throughout the 1960-1970s Sune K. Bergström and Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson and Br... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Type I, or IEC I, ferric or normal cassettes were historically the first, the most common and the least expensive; they dominated the prerecorded cassette market. The magnetic layer of a ferric tape consists of around 30% synthetic binder and 70% magnetic powder — acicular (oblong, needle-like) particles of gamma ferri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The presence of atmospheric oxygen has led to the formation of ozone (O) and the ozone layer within the stratosphere:
:O + O :- O
The ozone layer is extremely important to modern life as it absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The conventional food contaminant test methods may be limited by complicated/tedious sample preparing procedure, long testing time, sumptuous instrument, and professional operator. However, some rapid, novel, sensitive, and easy to use and affordable methods were developed including:
* Cyanidin quantification by naphth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Overall, research and development expenses relating to developing drugs amount to billions of dollars. A 2012 study found that research and development of a drug is riskier than product development in other industries because it is lengthy, costly, and highly uncertain, particularly due to unpredictable human physiolog... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfate uptake first occurs in roots that have a high affinity for sulfur. The maximal sulfate uptake rate is generally already reached at sulfate levels of 0.1 mM and lower. The uptake of sulfate by the roots and its transport to the shoot is strictly controlled and it appears to be one of the primary regulatory site... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A single nucleotide change in a particular sequence, as seen in a double-stranded DNA, cannot be distinguished by gel electrophoresis techniques, which can be attributed to the fact that; the physical properties of the double strands are almost identical for both alleles. After denaturation, single-stranded DNA undergo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The molar concentration is defined as the amount of a constituent (in moles) divided by the volume of the mixture :
The SI unit is mol/m. However, more commonly the unit mol/L (= mol/dm) is used. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Continuous inkjet printers (as opposed to drop-on-demand inkjet printers) generate a cylindrical stream of ink that breaks up into droplets prior to staining printer paper. By adjusting the size of the droplets using tunable temperature or pressure perturbations and imparting electrical charge to the ink, inkjet printe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil contaminated with heavy metals including radionuclides is mitigated primarily using chelating resins.
Chelating polymers (ion-exchange resins) were proposed for maintenance therapy of pathologies accompanied by iron accumulation, such as hereditary hemochromatosis (iron overload) or Wilson's disease (copper overlo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anthocyanins occur in the flowers of many plants, such as the blue poppies of some Meconopsis species and cultivars. Anthocyanins have also been found in various tulip flowers, such as Tulipa gesneriana, Tulipa fosteriana and Tulipa eichleri. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This receptor is found mediating slow EPSP at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve, is common in exocrine glands and in the CNS.
It is predominantly found bound to G proteins of class G, which use upregulation of phospholipase C and, therefore, inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
UV-A presents a potential hazard when eyes and skin are exposed, especially to high power sources. According to the World Health Organization, UV-A is responsible for the initial tanning of skin and it contributes to skin ageing and wrinkling. UV-A may also contribute to the progression of skin cancers. Additionally, U... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The salt was prepared by Edmond Frémy by treating potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid:
With one more equivalent of HF, (CAS#12178-06-2, m.p. 71.7 C) is produced:
Thermal decomposition of gives hydrogen fluoride: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal radiation is one of the three principal mechanisms of heat transfer. It entails the emission of a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation due to an object's temperature. Other mechanisms are convection and conduction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A first order reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant (a unimolecular reaction). Other reactants can be present, but their concentration has no effect on the rate. The rate law for a first order reaction is
Although not affecting the above math, the majority of first order reactions proceed via inter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the radioactive silver isotopes that are produced quickly decay away leaving only stable silver, extracting it for use is not economical, unless as byproduct of platinum group metal extraction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surface plasmons have been used to enhance the surface sensitivity of several spectroscopic measurements including fluorescence, Raman scattering, and second-harmonic generation. In their simplest form, SPR reflectivity measurements can be used to detect molecular adsorption, such as polymers, DNA or proteins, etc. Tec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RuCl(PPh) is the product of the reaction of ruthenium trichloride trihydrate with a methanolic solution of triphenylphosphine.
:2 RuCl(HO) + 7 PPh → 2 RuCl(PPh) + 2 HCl + 5 HO + OPPh
The coordination sphere of RuCl(PPh) can be viewed as either five-coordinate or octahedral. One coordination site is occupied by one of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic. This is used in mineral processing, paper recycling and waste-water treatment industries. Historically this was first used in the mining industry, where it was one of the great enabling technologies of the 20th century. It h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The control equations can also be derived in a more rigorous fashion using the systems equation:
where is the stoichiometry matrix, is a vector of chemical species, and is a vector of parameters (or inputs) that can influence the system. In metabolic control analysis the key parameters are the enzyme concentrations.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, fermentation theory refers to the historical study of models of natural fermentation processes, especially alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. Notable contributors to the theory include Justus Von Liebig and Louis Pasteur, the latter of whom developed a purely microbial basis for the fermentation p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In subsequent phase II reactions, these activated xenobiotic metabolites are conjugated with charged species such as glutathione (GSH), sulfate, glycine, or glucuronic acid. Sites on drugs where conjugation reactions occur include carboxy (-COOH), hydroxy (-OH), amino (NH), and thiol (-SH) groups. Products of conjugati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.945. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Agnes Arber's partial-shoot theory of the leaf, leaves are partial shoots, being derived from leaf primordia of the shoot apex. Early in development they are dorsiventrally flattened with both dorsal and ventral surfaces. Compound leaves are closer to shoots than simple leaves. Developmental studies have s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The development of facile chemical glycosylation protocols is essential to synthesizing complex oligosaccharides. Among many diverse type of glycosidic linkages, the 1,2-cis-β-glycoside, which exists in many biologically relevant glycoconjugates and oligosaccharides, is arguably one of the most difficult to synthesize.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The strength with which oxygen binds to hemoglobin is affected by several factors. These factors shift or reshape the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. A shift to right indicates that the hemoglobin under study has a decreased affinity for oxygen. This makes it more difficult for hemoglobin to bind to oxygen (requirin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a result of the capacity of transposon mutagenesis to incorporate genes into most areas of target chromosomes, there are a number of functions associated with the process.
* Virulence genes in viruses and bacteria can be discovered by disrupting genes and observing for a change in phenotype. This has importance in a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In enzymology, the committed step (also known as the first committed step) is an effectively irreversible enzymatic reaction that occurs at a branch point during the biosynthesis of some molecules.
As the name implies, after this step, the molecules are "committed" to the pathway and will ultimately end up in the pathw... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Humans express four epoxide hydrolase isozymes: mEH, sEH, EH3, and EH4. These isozymes are known (mEH and sEH) or presumed (EH3 and EH4) to share a common structure that includes containing an Alpha/beta hydrolase fold and a common reaction mechanism wherein they add water to epoxides to form vicinal cis (see (cis-tra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main application for air filters are combustion air to engines. The filter papers are transformed into filter cartridges, which then is fitted to a holder. The construction of the cartridges mostly requires that the paper is stiff enough to be self-supporting. A paper for air filters needs to be very porous and hav... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1960s through the 1970s, Paul Boyer, a UCLA Professor, developed the binding change, or flip-flop, mechanism theory, which postulated that ATP synthesis is dependent on a conformational change in ATP synthase generated by rotation of the gamma subunit. The research group of John E. Walker, then at the MRC Labora... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Norşuntepe was occupied from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age. The excavators have recognized 40 different occupation levels ranging in date from the fifth millennium BC to ca. 600 BC. Its occupation levels overlap to a large degree with those excavated at nearby Arslantepe. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Arketamine appears to be more effective as a rapid-acting antidepressant than esketamine in preclinical research.
In rodent studies, esketamine produced hyperlocomotion, prepulse inhibition deficits, and rewarding effects, while arketamine did not, in accordance with its lower potency as an NMDA receptor antagonist and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photosynthate partitioning is the deferential distribution of photosynthates to plant tissues. A photosynthate is the resulting product of photosynthesis, these products are generally sugars. These sugars that are created from photosynthesis are broken down to create energy for use by the plant. Sugar and other compo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The earlier Pantle & Buck method (1955) uses the same saprobic values s of each species, but not the weighting factor g. The Pantle-Buck saprobity index S, ranging from 0 to 4, is thus calculated:
</div>
where the abundance A is expressed as one of nine subjective categories, ranging from "very rare" to "mass developme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There have been many variations on the original composition which was Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and termed Bioglass. This composition is known as Bioglass 45S5. The compositions include:
* 45S5: 45 wt% SiO, 24.5 wt% CaO, 24.5 wt% NaO and 6.0 wt% PO. Bioglass
* S53P4: 53 wt% SiO, 23 wt% NaO, 20 wt% Ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A metabolic network is the complete set of metabolic and physical processes that determine the physiological and biochemical properties of a cell. As such, these networks comprise the chemical reactions of metabolism, the metabolic pathways, as well as the regulatory interactions that guide these reactions.
With the se... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Clore is one of the most highly cited scientists in the fields of molecular biophysics, structural biology, biomolecular NMR and chemistry with over 550 published scientific articles and an h-index (number of papers cited h or more time) of 143. Clore is also one of only four NIH scientists to have been elected to both... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A lysochrome is a soluble dye used for histochemical staining of lipids, which include triglycerides, fatty acids, and lipoproteins. Lysochromes such as Sudan IV dissolve in the lipid and show up as colored regions. The dye does not stick to any other substrates, so a quantification or qualification of lipid presence ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After studying at the École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques de Nancy from 1958 to 1961, he obtained a doctorate under the supervision of Professor Serge David in 1966 and continued for two years at Harvard University in Massachusetts (United States) as a post-doctoral researcher with Professor Roger W. Je... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) has standard baseline incident frequencies to estimate the number of spills, TransCanada altered these assumptions based on improved pipeline design, operation, and safety. Whether these adjustments are justified is debatable as these assumptio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using a glia-conditioned medium to treat glia-free purified rat retinal ganglion microcultures has been shown to significantly increase the number of autapses per neuron compared to a control. This suggests that glia-derived soluble, proteinase K-sensitive factors induce autapse formation in rat retinal ganglion cells. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cross ventilation relies on many factors, such as the tightness of the establishment, wind direction and how much wind is available, its potential travel through chimneys, vents and other openings in the home. Casement windows can be installed to improve cross-breezes. Air quality may also affect cross ventilation.
Al... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The end of the first era of quantum mechanics was triggered by de Broglies publication of his hypothesis of matter waves, leading to Schrödingers discovery of wave mechanics for matter. Accurate predictions of the absorption spectrum of hydrogen ensured wide acceptance of the new quantum theory. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In mathematics, a Meyer set or almost lattice is a relatively dense set X of points in the Euclidean plane or a higher-dimensional Euclidean space such that its Minkowski difference with itself is uniformly discrete. Meyer sets have several equivalent characterizations; they are named after Yves Meyer, who introduced a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enantiomeric excess is defined as the absolute difference between the mole fraction of each enantiomer:
where
In practice, it is most often expressed as a percent enantiomeric excess.
The enantiomeric excess can be determined in another way if we know the amount of each enantiomer produced. If one knows the moles of ea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another category of plant defenses are those features that indirectly protect the plant by enhancing the probability of attracting the natural enemies of herbivores. Such an arrangement is known as mutualism, in this case of the "enemy of my enemy" variety. One such feature are semiochemicals, given off by plants. Semi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that involves the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Unlike many other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus, because phosphorus and phosphorus-based materials do not ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1922-1941, 1945-1950 - Roentgen street, 3;
*1922-1941, 1945-1950 - Kamennoostrovsky Avenue, 23;
*1908-1941, 1945-1949 - Universitetskaya embankment, 7;
*1913-1941 - Bolshaya Zelenina street, 13;
*1945-1950 - Lesnoy Avenue, 61 (House of Specialists). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Secondary in contrast to primary metabolites are dispensable and not absolutely required for survival. Furthermore, secondary metabolites typically have a narrow species distribution.
Secondary metabolites have a broad range of functions. These include pheromones that act as social signaling molecules with other indiv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Partially inelastic collisions are the most common form of collisions in the real world. In this type of collision, the objects involved in the collisions do not stick, but some kinetic energy is still lost. Friction, sound and heat are some ways the kinetic energy can be lost through partial inelastic collisions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sometimes a sewer has a tall vent pipe to release foul gases well up away from people. Common names are, stink pipe, stink pole, stench pipe and sewer ventilation pipe. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In early "straight-through" urea plants, reactant recovery (the first step in "recycling") was done by letting down the system pressure to atmospheric to let the carbamate decompose back to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Originally, because it was not economic to recompress the ammonia and carbon dioxide for recycle, the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conjugated azomethine ylides are capable of [1,5]- and [1,7]-electrocyclizations. An example of a [1,7]-electrocyclization of a azomethine ylide is shown below. This conrotatory ring-closing is followed by a suprafacial [1,5]-hydride shift, which affords the rearomatized product. The sterics and geometry of the reacti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The difficulty of predicting stable crystal structures based on the knowledge of only the chemical composition has long been a stumbling block on the way to fully computational materials design. Now, with more powerful algorithms and high-performance computing, structures of medium complexity can be predicted using suc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mutation of Dally is a consequence of the P-element and the place where it is located. It is possible to differentiate between the mutants Dally-P1 and Dally-P2, depending on where the insertion of P-element is. It is known that Dally-P2 generates a bigger amount of defects. This mutated Dally disrupts the cell cyc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
FRI has tested various types of fractionation trays and packings (both generic and proprietary designs), with the objective of developing correlations for predicting tray efficiencies and pressure drops. This information is needed to design fractionators, absorbers and strippers. It has also tested performance of othe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Low-template DNA can happen when there is less than 0.1 ng() of DNA in a sample. This can lead to more stochastic effects (random events) such as allelic dropout or allelic drop-in which can alter the interpretation of a DNA profile. These stochastic effects can lead to the unequal amplification of the 2 alleles that c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hexafluoroethane is the perfluorocarbon counterpart to the hydrocarbon ethane. It is a non-flammable gas negligibly soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol. It is an extremely potent and long-lived greenhouse gas. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A polymeric material can be functionalized by the addition of small moieties, oligomers, and even other polymers (grafting copolymers) onto the surface or interface. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*King G.R., Mander L.N., Monck N.J.T., Morris J.C. and Zhang H. A New and Efficient Strategy for the Total Synthesis of Polycyclic Diterpenoids: The Preparation of Gibberellins (±)-GA103 and (±)-GA73. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3828–3829.
*Frey, B., Wells, A. P., Rogers, D. R. and Mander, L. N. Synthesis of the Unusu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemical kinetics, an intrinsic low-dimensional manifold is a technique to simplify the study of reaction mechanisms using dynamical systems, first proposed in 1992.
The ILDM approach fixes a low dimensional surface which describes well the slow dynamics and assumes that after a short time the fast dynamics are less... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unstable atomic nuclei with an excess of protons may undergo β decay, also called positron decay, where a proton is converted into a neutron, a positron, and an electron neutrino:
Beta-plus decay can only happen inside nuclei when the absolute value of the binding energy of the daughter nucleus is greater than that of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since its discovery in 1967, serine protease DPP-4 has been a popular subject of research. Inhibitors of DPP-4 have long been sought as tools to elucidate the functional significance of the enzyme. The first inhibitors were characterized in the late 1980s and 1990s. Each inhibitor was important to establish an early st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pathological changes associated with CYN poisoning were reported to be in four distinct stages: inhibition of protein synthesis, proliferation of membranes, lipid accumulation within cells, and finally cell death. Examination of mice livers removed at autopsy showed that on intraperitoneal injection of CYN, after 16 ho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1910 British polar explorer Robert Scott hoped to be the first to reach the South Pole, but was beaten by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. On foot, the expedition trudged through the frozen deserts of the Antarctic, marching for caches of food and kerosene deposited on the way. In early 1912, at the first cache, t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Hopp–Woods hydrophilicity scale of amino acids is a method of ranking the amino acids in a protein according to their water solubility in order to search for surface locations on proteins, and especially those locations that tend to form strong interactions with other macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, and RNA.
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If chloride ions have penetrated beyond the surface more rigorous treatment is required.
This typically involves soaking in acetone to displace any water in the specimen. Then soaking in a benzotriazole (BTA)–ethanol solution to chelate the copper and make it unreactive. Pits and holes may be filled with zinc powder, w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SBO is currently made up of seven different vocabularies:
* systems description parameter (catalytic constant, thermodynamic temperature...)
* participant role (substrate, product, catalyst...)
* modelling framework (discrete, continuous...)
* mathematical expression (mass-action rate law, Hill-type rate law...)
* occu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ability of palladium to absorb hydrogen was recognized as early as the nineteenth century by Thomas Graham. In the late 1920s, two Austrian-born scientists, Friedrich Paneth and Kurt Peters, originally reported the transformation of hydrogen into helium by nuclear catalysis when hydrogen was absorbed by finely divi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chemical properties of RNA make large RNA molecules inherently fragile, and they can easily be broken down into their constituent nucleotides through hydrolysis. These limitations do not make use of RNA as an information storage system impossible, simply energy intensive (to repair or replace damaged RNA molecules)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Selegiline, also known as -deprenyl and sold under the brand names Eldepryl, Emsam, Selgin, among other names, is a medication which is used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease and major depressive disorder. It is provided in the form of a capsule or tablet taken by mouth or orally disintegrating tablets taken on th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the thermodynamic analysis, all states defined in the system are assumed to be in thermodynamic equilibrium; each state has mechanical, thermal, and phase equilibrium, and there is no macroscopic change with respect to time. For the analysis of the system, the first law and second law of thermodynamics can be applie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stephen C. Harrison is professor of biological chemistry and molecular pharmacology, professor of pediatrics, and director of the Center for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics of Harvard Medical School, head of the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, and investigator of the Howard Hughes Medica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A familiar radical reaction is combustion. The oxygen molecule is a stable diradical, best represented by O–O. Because spins of the electrons are parallel, this molecule is stable. While the ground state of oxygen is this unreactive spin-unpaired (triplet) diradical, an extremely reactive spin-paired (singlet) state is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a 2022 observational study aimed to identify preoperative serum metabolites that could predict postoperative opioid consumption, the role of imidazole-4-acetaldehyde was identified as one of the metabolites that showed different trends between gastric cancer patients with high postoperative opioid consumption and th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional electronic computing. Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of DNA computing. Although the field originally started wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
His research has involved study of molecular and interfacial forces. His work is applicable to a wide range of industrial and fundamental science problems. In particular, he has contributed significantly to the understanding of colloidal dispersions, biological systems, and polymer engineering applications. He has stud... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EPIC-seq has been shown to be effective for inferal of epigenetic expression of classical Hodgkin Lymphomas (cHL) subtypes. Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg cells and their corresponding T cells expression were inferred with EPIC-seq. Bulk single-cell RNA sequencing results shows significant correlation with EPIC-seq profili... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Arformoterol is indicated for the maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metacresol purple or m-cresol purple, also called m-cresolsulfonphthalein, is a triarylmethane dye and a pH indicator. It is used as a capnographic indicator for detecting detect end-tidal carbon dioxide to ensure successful tracheal intubation in an emergency. It can be used to measure the pH in subzero temperatures o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In aerodynamics, the lift distribution over a finite wing may be approximated by assuming that each spanwise segment of the wing has a semi-infinite trailing vortex behind it. It is then possible to solve for the strength of the vortices using the criterion that there be no flow induced through the surface of the wing.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Pharmaceutical and cosmetic creams, gels, and ointments, e.g. petroleum jelly, toothpaste, hand sanitizer
* Foods, e.g. pudding, guacamole, salsa, mayonnaise, whipping cream, peanut butter, jelly, jam | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a fluidic amplifier, a fluid supply, which may be air, water, or hydraulic fluid, enters at the bottom. Pressure applied to the control ports C or C deflects the stream, so that it exits via either port O or O. The stream entering the control ports may be much weaker than the stream being deflected, so the device ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Denitrification generally proceeds through some combination of the following half reactions, with the enzyme catalyzing the reaction in parentheses:
* NO + 2 H + 2 e → + HO (Nitrate reductase)
* + 2 H + e → NO + HO (Nitrite reductase)
* 2 NO + 2 H + 2 e → + HO (Nitric-oxide reductase)
* + 2 H + 2 e → + HO (Nit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This section discusses bremsstrahlung emission and the inverse absorption process (called inverse bremsstrahlung) in a macroscopic medium. We start with the equation of radiative transfer, which applies to general processes and not just bremsstrahlung:
is the radiation spectral intensity, or power per (area × × photon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trimethyl orthoformate and triethylorthoacetate are reagents. Another example is the bicyclic OBO protecting group (4-methyl-2,6,7-trioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl) which is formed by the action of (3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methanol on activated carboxylic acids in the presence of Lewis acids. The group is base stable and ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exposure limits can be expressed as ceiling limits, a maximal value, short-term exposure limits (STEL), a 15-minute exposure limit or an 8-hour time-weighted average limit (TWA). Below is a sampling, not exhaustive, as less common isocyanates also have specific limits within the United States, and in some regions there... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In plumbing and piping, a nipple is a fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided with a male pipe thread at each end, for connecting two other fittings.
The length of the nipple is usually specified by the overall length with thread. It may have a hexagonal section in the center for a wrench to gras... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Formula: or
* Density: 0.180 kg/m at STP (0 °C, 101325 Pa).
* Atomic weight: 2.0141017926 Da.
* Mean abundance in ocean water (from VSMOW) 155.76 ± 0.1 atoms of deuterium per million atoms of all isotopes of hydrogen (about 1 atom of in 6420); that is, about 0.015% of all atoms of hydrogen (any isotope)
Data at appro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While relatively unstable and requiring frequent standardization, sodium hypochlorite has been used in a very rapid thermometric titration method for the determination of ammonium ion. This is an alternative to the classical approach of ammonia distillation from basic solution and consequent acid–base titration. The th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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