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The mean wall shear stress in a pipe or open channel is expressed in terms of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor as
The wall shear stress has the SI unit of pascals (Pa). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Standards and handbooks are mainly concerned with plates. In these, the leading edge is sharp and free of burrs and the cylindrical section of the orifice is short, either because the entire plate is thin or because the downstream edge of the plate is bevelled. Exceptions include the or orifice, which has a fully ro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The isolobal analogy can also be used with isoelectronic fragments having the same coordination number, which allows charged species to be considered. For example, Re(CO) is isolobal with CH and therefore, [Ru(CO)] and [Mo(CO)] are also isolobal with CH. Any 17-electron metal complex would be isolobal in this example.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Stalin Prize first degree (1943) - for research in the field of organometallic compounds, the results of which were published in 1941 and 1942 in a series of articles: “On the interaction of diazoacetic ether with tin chloride and ferric chloride”, “From the field of organomercuric compounds ”, “On the reaction of ni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thorium has been linked to liver cancer. In the past, thoria (thorium dioxide) was used as a contrast agent for medical X-ray radiography but its use has been discontinued. It was sold under the name Thorotrast. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A carbamoyl chloride is the functional group with the formula RNC(O)Cl. The parent carbamoyl chloride, HNCOCl is unstable, but many N-substituted analogues are known. Most examples are moisture sensitive, colourless, and soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. An example is dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (m.p. −90 °C and b.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term tephrochronology appears to have been used by Sigurdur Thórarinsson as early as 1944. A key point in the establishment of this scientific field of study with what evolved to be a unique geoscientific method was in 1961 after a proposal supported by him led by Japanese researchers including Professor Kunio Koba... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When considering wind effects on dynamically sensitive structures such as suspension bridges it is sometimes necessary to simulate the combined effect of the vibrating mass of the structure with the fluctuating force of the wind. In such cases, the Froude number should be respected.
Similarly, when simulating hot smo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many coastal mosses were initiated by the process of glaciation, which sheared rock formations to a generally level terrain, while also gouging moderate sized craters that would pond. This description fits the fundamental situation of Portlethen Moss, where sphagnum would have flourished over millennia of evaporation, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, telmisartan and olmesartan all contain a biphenyl-methyl group.
Losartan is partly metabolized to its 5-carboxylic acid metabolite EXP 3174, which is a more potent AT receptor antagonist than its parent compound
and has been a model for the continuing development of several... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Superelastic nitinol finds a variety of applications in civil structures such as bridges and buildings. One such application is Intelligent Reinforced Concrete (IRC), which incorporates NiTi wires embedded within the concrete. These wires can sense cracks and contract to heal macro-sized cracks.
* Another application... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The process of casting in bronze and brass is known as cire perdue, and is the most primitive and most commonly employed through the centuries, having been described in by the monk Theophilus, and also by Benvenuto Cellini. Briefly, it is as follows: a core, roughly representing the size and form of the object to be pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PB-1 is used in pressure piping systems for hot and cold potable water, pre-insulated district heating networks, and surface heating and cooling systems. Key properties are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. One standard type, PB 125, has a minimum required stren... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reticular synthesis was used by Yaghi and coworkers in 2005 to construct the first two COFs reported in the literature: COF-1, using a dehydration reaction of benzenediboronic acid (BDBA), and COF-5, via a condensation reaction between hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) and BDBA. These framework scaffolds were interconnect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Increase in temperature shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. When temperature is increased keeping the oxygen concentration constant, oxygen saturation decreases as the bond between oxygen and iron gets denatured. Additionally, with increased temperature, the partial pressure of oxygen increases as well. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iminium derivatives are common in biology. Pyridoxal phosphate reacts with amino acids to give iminium derivatives. Many iminium salts are encountered in synthetic organic chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
2 Laboratories:
*LCPM: Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Réactions (Polymer Science and Macromolecular Physical Chemistry)
*LRGP : Laboratoire de Réactions et Génie des Procédés | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Within statistical mechanics, inexact differentials are often denoted with a bar through the differential operator, đ. In LaTeX the command "\rlap{\textrm{d}}{\bar{\phantom{w}}}" is an approximation or simply "\dj" for a dyet character, which needs the T1 encoding. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enzyme mimic (or Artificial enzyme) is a branch of biomimetic chemistry, which aims at imitating the function of natural enzymes. An enzyme mimic is a small molecule complex that models the molecular structure, spectroscopic properties, or reactivity of an enzyme, sometimes called bioinspired complexes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Science Based Targets initiative was established in 2015 to help companies to set emission reduction targets in line with climate sciences and Paris Agreement goals. It is funded by IKEA Foundation, Amazon, Bezos Earth Fund, We Mean Business coalition, Rockefeller Brothers Fund and UPS Foundation. In October 2021,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For smaller, mesoscopic, systems (for example, with only thousands of particles), the ground state term can be more explicitly approximated by adding in an actual discrete level at energy ε=0 in the grand potential:
which gives instead . Now, the behaviour is smooth when crossing the critical temperature, and z approac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Where the high temperatures and sources of ignition required by hot cutting are not desirable, air- or hydraulically-powered pipe cutting machines are used. These comprise a clamshell or chain-mounted cutting head holding a tool steel and feed mechanism which advances the tool a set amount per revolution round the pipe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In physics, a Fano resonance is a type of resonant scattering phenomenon that gives rise to an asymmetric line-shape. Interference between a background and a resonant scattering process produces the asymmetric line-shape. It is named after Italian-American physicist Ugo Fano, who in 1961 gave a theoretical explanation ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Indicators that make the human impact measurable and quantitatively assessable are: artificial water surface ratio, artificial water surface density ratio, disruption of longitudinal connectivity ratio, artificial river ratio, sinuosity of artificial cutoff, channelization ratio, artificial levee ratio, road along rive... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
nanorod polymers were isolated from CuI-P complexes using low temperature treatment.
Red/brown phosphorus was shown to be stable in air for several weeks and have properties distinct from those of red phosphorus. Electron microscopy showed that red/brown phosphorus forms long, parallel nanorods with a diameter between ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anti-Ro/SSA can target Ro52 and Ro60 proteins. Most Anti-Ro/SSA activity occurs on the cell surface, wherein Ro proteins are expressed on the cell membrane and extracellular Anti-Ro/SSAs bind to Ro. There is some evidence that the IgG isotype of anti-Ro/SSA antibody can enter the cell.
* Anti-Ro autoantibodies are typi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selectfluor is synthesized by the N-alkylation of [[DABCO|diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)]] with dichloromethane, followed by ion exchange with sodium tetrafluoroborate (replacing the chloride counterion for the tetrafluoroborate). The resulting salt is treated with elemental fluorine and sodium tetrafluoroborate:
Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the early days, chromosome walking from genetically linked DNA markers was used to identify and clone disease genes. However, the large molecular distance between known markers and the gene of interest was complicating the cloning process. In 1987, a human chromosome jumping library was constructed to clone the cyst... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1960s and 1970s, GFP, along with the separate luminescent protein aequorin (an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of luciferin, releasing light), was first purified from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its properties studied by Osamu Shimomura. In A. victoria, GFP fluorescence occurs when aequorin interact... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Imbibition is a special type of diffusion that takes place when liquid is absorbed by solids-colloids causing an increase in volume. Water surface potential movement takes place along a concentration gradient; some dry materials absorb water. A gradient between the absorbent and the liquid is essential for imbibition. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AR-BD1 (also known as HxAR) is expressed by Halorubrum xinjiangense. The organism was first isolated from Xiao-Er-Kule Lake in Xinjiang, China. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The injection valve is a motorized valve which links the mixer and sample loop to the column. Typically the valve has three positions for loading the sample loop, for injecting the sample from the loop into the column, and for connecting the pumps directly to the waste line to wash them or change buffer solutions. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The thermodynamic limit is essentially a consequence of the central limit theorem of probability theory. The internal energy of a gas of N molecules is the sum of order N contributions, each of which is approximately independent, and so the central limit theorem predicts that the ratio of the size of the fluctuations t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Optical contact bonding is a glueless process whereby two closely conformal surfaces are joined, being held purely by intermolecular forces. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SedDB was developed, operated and maintained by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers at the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory as part of the Integrated Earth Data Applications ([http://www.iedadata.org/ IEDA]) Research Group funded by the US Nation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
French chemists Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Eugene Peligot, after determining methanols chemical structure, introduced "methylene" from the Greek methy "wine" and hȳlē' "wood, patch of trees" with the intention of highlighting its origins, "alcohol made from wood (substance)". The term "methyl" was derived in about 1840 by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When molecules or atoms come in contact with a surface, they adsorb onto it, minimizing their energy by forming a bond with the surface. The binding energy varies with the combination of the adsorbate and surface. If the surface is heated, at one point, the energy transferred to the adsorbed species will cause it to de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The colored bubble solution uses special dyes called leuco dyes. For instance, the purple bubble uses a chemical called crystal violet lactone. After the bubble pops, the colored splatter disappears with friction, water or exposure to air.
In a normal soap bubble, surfactants reduce the surface tension of the water and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NASA used additive manufacturing to synthesize an alloy they termed GRX-810, which survived temperatures over . The alloy also featured improved strength, malleability, and durability. The printer dispersed oxide particles uniformly throughout the metal matrix. The alloy was identified using 30 simulations of thermodyn... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A feature of the LHPG technique is its high convection speed in the liquid phase due to Marangoni convection. It is possible to see that it spins very fast. Even when it appears to be standing still, it is in fact spinning fast on its axis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sphere packing in a cylinder is a three-dimensional packing problem with the objective of packing a given number of identical spheres inside a cylinder of specified diameter and length. For cylinders with diameters on the same order of magnitude as the spheres, such packings result in what are called columnar structure... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Hoerr, John P. And the Wolf Finally Came: The Decline of the American Steel Industry (1988) [https://www.amazon.com/Wolf-Finally-Came-American-Industry/dp/0822953986/ excerpt and text search]
* Hogan, William T. Economic History of the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States (5 vol 1971) monumental detail
* In... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Receptors can be activated by either endogenous agonists (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous agonists (such as drugs), resulting in a biological response. A physiological agonist is a substance that creates the same bodily responses but does not bind to the same receptor.
* An endogenous agonist for a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organometallic photosensitizers contain a metal atom chelated to at least one organic ligand. The photosensitizing capacities of these molecules result from electronic interactions between the metal and ligand(s). Popular electron-rich metal centers for these complexes include Iridium, Ruthenium, and Rhodium. These me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bridging carbido ligands can be subdivided into three classes:
*cumulenic ,
*metallocarbyne , and
*polar covalent .
Cumulenic compounds generally bridge two metal atoms of the same element and are symmetrical. However, there are exceptions to this.
In contrast, metallocarbyne compounds are generally constitutionally h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The story addresses a lot of recent scientific breakthroughs, and uses them as plot devices. For instance, The Human Genome Project, which documents all the genes and DNA in the human genetic makeup, is talked about when Dr. Wyatt explains his genetic testing to Eli for the first time. Scientific American recently pu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioluminescence is produced by the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense, which glows blue when agitated. Although the phytoplankton responsible for the phenomenon of bioluminescence is found throughout the Antilles, Puerto Mosquito is one of the seven year-round bioluminescent bays in the Caribbean. The bioluminescence ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Grigory Moiseevich Mairanovsky (, 1899, Batumi – 1964) was a Soviet biochemist and poison developer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to the changes in magnetic properties that occur from a spin transition - the complex being less magnetic in a LS state and more magnetic in a HS state - magnetic susceptibility measurements are key to characterization of spin crossover compounds. The magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature, (χT) is th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most-substantiated role for APP is in synaptic formation and repair; its expression is upregulated during neuronal differentiation and after neural injury. Roles in cell signaling, long-term potentiation, and cell adhesion have been proposed and supported by as-yet limited research. In particular, similarities in p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leng grew up in Scarborough, North Yorkshire. She spent her childhood on the cliffs and beaches of the Lower Jurassic. Leng studied geology for GCSE and A Level. At Sixth Form College she took a field trip to Ravenscar and described finding an ammonite which hooked her into geology. She studied for a BSc in Earth Scie... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Michael Faraday provided the first description, in scientific terms, of the optical properties of nanometer-scale metals in his classic 1857 paper. In a subsequent paper, the author (Turner) points out that: "It is well known that when thin leaves of gold or silver are mounted upon glass and heated to a temperature tha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A leukocidin is a type of cytotoxin created by some types of bacteria (Staphylococcus). It is a type of pore-forming toxin. The model for pore formation is step-wise. First, the cytotoxin’s “S” subunit recognizes specific protein-containing receptors, or an integrin on the host cell’s surface. The S subunit then recrui... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
High levels of aluminium occur near mining sites; small amounts of aluminium are released to the environment at the coal-fired power plants or incinerators. Aluminium in the air is washed out by the rain or normally settles down but small particles of aluminium remain in the air for a long time.
Acidic precipitation is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Obtaining samples for analysis is challenging. VOCs, even when at dangerous levels, are dilute, so preconcentration is typically required. Many components of the atmosphere are mutually incompatible, e.g. ozone and organic compounds, peroxyacyl nitrates and many organic compounds. Furthermore, collection of VOCs by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kirchhoff's first law is that the algebraic sum of currents in a network of conductors meeting at a point (or node) is zero. The second law is that in a closed circuit, the directed sums of the voltages in the system is zero. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In salt water that is free of air bubbles or suspended sediment, sound travels at about ( at , 10°C and 3% salinity by one method). The speed of sound in seawater depends on pressure (hence depth), temperature (a change of ~ ), and salinity (a change of 1‰ ~ ), and empirical equations have been derived to accurately ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Lebedinsky (; 14 September 1888 – 12 December 1956) was a Russian and Soviet chemist who worked on platinum, rhodium and iridium, their extraction and use in catalysis. He also worked on complex compounds of rhodium and iridium. He was also a noted teacher and guided 20 doctoral students in inorg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neither Liebig nor Pasteur was completely right. However, each of their arguments led to more discoveries that created a lot of today's fields in science and medicine.
Berzelius had defined the word "ferment" as being an example of catalytic activity. Soon after, Schwann discovered pepsin was the substance responsible ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phylogenetic footprinting is a technique that utilizes multiple sequence alignments to determine locations of conserved sequences such as regulatory elements. Along with multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic footprinting also requires statistical rates of conserved and non-conserved sequences. Using the informat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Let and be two random variables, and be an arbitrary constant. Then the properties satisfied by Reynolds operators, for an operator include linearity and the averaging property:
: which implies
In addition the Reynolds operator is often assumed to commute with space and time translations:
Any operator satisfying ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fenfluramine is an indirect agonist of serotonin receptors. Fenfluramine binds to the serotonin transporter, blocking serotonin reuptake. However, fenfluramine also acts to induce non-exocytotic serotonin release; in a mechanism similar to that of methamphetamine in dopamine neurons, fenfluramine binds to VMAT2, disrup... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glowmatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of dyes present in solutions contained in glow sticks. The chemical components of such solutions can be chromatographically separated into polar and nonpolar components. Developed as a laboratory class experiment, it can be used to demonstrate chemistry concep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geometric phase analysis is a method of digital signal processing used to determine crystallographic quantities such as d-spacing or strain from high-resolution transmission electron microscope images. The analysis needs to be performed using specialized computer program. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitriles occur naturally in a diverse set of plant and animal sources. Over 120 naturally occurring nitriles have been isolated from terrestrial and marine sources. Nitriles are commonly encountered in fruit pits, especially almonds, and during cooking of Brassica crops (such as cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflow... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Figure 3 shows an impedance spectrum of a measurement series of a painted steel sample during water uptake (upper part in Figure 3). The symbols in the diagram represent the interpolation points (nodes) of the measurement, while the solid lines represent the theoretical values simulated according to an appropriate mod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The PFT can be released in a variety of ways, depending on the application, and may be as simple as spraying into the air. Samples are then collected at set times and locations, and either taken to a laboratory for analysis, or analysed in the field.
Analysis of the samples typically involves three parts; preparation, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coenzyme A was identified by Fritz Lipmann in 1946, who also later gave it its name. Its structure was determined during the early 1950s at the Lister Institute, London, together by Lipmann and other workers at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital. Lipmann initially intended to study acetyl transfe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1951 Callen and Welton proved the quantum fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) which was originally formulated in classical form by Nyquist (1928) as an explanation for observed Johnson noise in electric circuits. Fluctuation-dissipation theorem showed that when something dissipates energy, in an effectively irreve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) supported Cu complexes catalyze carboxylation of organoboronic esters. The catalyst forms in situ from CuCl, an NHC ligand, and KOBu. Copper tert-butoxide can transmetallate with the organoboronic ester to generate the Cu-C bond, which intermediate can insert into CO smoothly to get the res... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Without a universally valid description of turbulence, empirical information must be utilized when constructing and applying SGS models, supplemented with fundamental physical constraints such as Galilean invariance
Two classes of SGS models exist; the first class is functional models and the second class is structura... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1827, Claus became involved, as an assistant of Eduard Friedrich Eversmann, in the botanical research of the steppes of the rivers Ural and Volga. He later used the collected data in his work Flora der Wolgagegenden (Flora of the Volga Region).
In 1834, while still studying at the University of Tartu, Claus went int... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper was probably the first metal mined and crafted by humans. It was originally obtained as a native metal and later from the smelting of ores. Earliest estimates of the discovery of copper suggest around 9000 BC in the Middle East. It was one of the most important materials to humans throughout the Chalcolithic and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Commercially, GaN crystals can be grown using molecular beam epitaxy or metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. This process can be further modified to reduce dislocation densities. First, an ion beam is applied to the growth surface in order to create nanoscale roughness. Then, the surface is polished. This process takes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tube bending is any metal forming processes used to permanently form pipes or tubing. Tube bending may be form-bound or use freeform-bending procedures, and it may use heat supported or cold forming procedures.
Form bound bending procedures like “press bending” or “rotary draw bending” are used to form the work piece i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Morpholinos have become a standard knockdown tool in animal embryonic systems, which have a broader range of gene expression than adult cells and can be strongly affected by an off-target interaction. Following initial injections into frog or fish embryos at the single-cell or few-cell stages, Morpholino effects can be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Purines from turnover of cellular nucleic acids (or from food) can also be salvaged and reused in new nucleotides.
* The enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) salvages adenine.
* The enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) salvages guanine and hypoxanthine. (Genetic deficiency of HGPRT ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells. Cells that are attracted by chemokines follow a signal of increasing chemokine concentration towards the source of the chemokine. Some chemokines control cells of the immune system during processes of immune surveillance, such... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Low-pressure mercury-vapor lamps generate primarily 254 nm UVC energy, and are most commonly used in disinfection applications. Operated at lower temperatures and with less voltage than medium-pressure lamps, they, like all UV sources, require shielding when operated to prevent excess exposure of skin and eyes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is possible to envision three-dimensional (3D) graphs showing three thermodynamic quantities. For example, for a single component, a 3D Cartesian coordinate type graph can show temperature (T) on one axis, pressure (p) on a second axis, and specific volume (v) on a third. Such a 3D graph is sometimes called a p–v–T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ASF/SF2, in the presence of elF4E, promotes the initiation of translation of ribosome-bound mRNA by suppressing the activity of 4E-BP and recruiting molecules for further regulation of translation. ASF/SF2 interacts with the nuclear export protein TAP in a regulated manner, controlling the export of mature mRNA from th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The statins differ with respect to their ring structure and substituents. These differences in structure affect the pharmacological properties of the statins, such as:
*Affinity for the active site of the HMGR
*Rates of entry into hepatic and non-hepatic tissues
*Availability in the systemic circulation for uptake into... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Murray was the author or co-author of scientific publications about organic chemistry and lichens. Some of his most significant were:
* James Murray (1959) [https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1960-88.2.6.5 Studies of New Zealand Lichens. I—The Coniocarpineae] Transactions of the Royal Society of New Ze... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Abiotic sources of hydrogen gas include water-rock and photochemical reactions. Exothermic serpentinization reactions between water and olivine minerals produce H in the marine or terrestrial subsurface. In the ocean, hydrothermal vents erupt magma and altered seawater fluids including abundant H, depending on the temp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Piping corrosion circuit or Corrosion loop
/ Piping Circuitization and Corrosion Modelling, is carried out as part of either a Risk Based Inspection analysis (RBI) or Materials Operating Envelope analysis (MOE). It is the systematization of the piping components versus failure modes analysis into materials operating en... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Toshiko Mayeda was born in Tacoma, Washington. She grew up in Yokkaichi, Mie, and Osaka. When the United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, she and her father Matsusaburo Kuki were sent to the Tule Lake War Relocation Center. Whilst there she met her future husband, Harry Mayeda. Aft... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zolghadr and co-workers presented a fluorescent two-hybrid system that uses two hybrid proteins that are fused to different fluorescent proteins as well as LacI, the lac repressor. The structure of the fusion proteins looks like this: FP2-LacI-bait and FP1-prey where the bait and prey proteins interact and bring the fl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most successful early forms of self-propelled torpedoes used high-pressure compressed air, although this was superseded by internal or external combustion engines, steam engines (driven by the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide), or electric motors. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is generally considered a non-polar solvent. Owing to the good polarizability of the chlorine atoms, it is a superior solvent for organic compounds that do not dissolve well in hydrocarbons such as hexane. It is an excellent solvent for many organic materials and also one of the least toxic of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Stieglitz Award was established in 1940 using funds from the memorial legacy of Professor Julius Stieglitz, who worked at the University of Chicago from 1892 to his death in 1937. The lecture was presented alternatively by the University of Chicago Chemistry department and the Chicago Section of the American Chemic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If we consider a line source and a line sink at a distance d we can reuse the results above and the stream function will be
The last approximation is to the first order in d.
Given
It remains
The velocity is then
And the potential instead | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Matrix enhancement and suppression is frequently observed in modern analytical routines, such as GC, HPLC, and ICP.
Matrix effect is quantitated by the use of the following formula:
where
A(extract) is the peak area of analyte, when diluted with matrix extract.
A(standard) is the peak area of analyte in the absence of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Between 1936 and 1940, Japanese chemist and lichenologist Yasuhiko Asahina published a series of papers in the Journal of Japanese Botany detailing the microcrystallization technique. This simple and rapid method allowed for the identification of major metabolites in hundreds of lichen species, contributing significant... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Any process that results in the production of methane and its release into the atmosphere can be considered a "source". The known sources of methane are predominantly located near the Earth's surface. Two main processes that are responsible for methane production include microorganisms anaerobically converting organic ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With a theoretical decomposition energy of about 5 kJ/g, hydroxylamine is an explosive, and aqueous solutions above 80% can be easily detonated by detonator or strong heating under confinement. At least two factories dealing in hydroxylamine have been destroyed since 1999 with loss of life. It is known, however, that ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nucleation can be either homogeneous, without the influence of foreign particles, or heterogeneous, with the influence of foreign particles. Generally, heterogeneous nucleation takes place more quickly since the foreign particles act as a scaffold for the crystal to grow on, thus eliminating the necessity of creating a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The runoff footprint is the stormwater equivalent to the carbon/energy footprint. When homeowners or business owners complete an energy audit or carbon footprint, they understand how they are consuming energy and learn how this consumption can be reduced through energy efficiency measures. Correspondingly, the runoff f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A suitable setup for automated thermometric titrimetry comprises the following:
* Precision fluid dispensing devices – "burettes" – for adding titrants and dosing of other reagents
* Thermistor-based thermometric sensor
* Titration vessel
* Stirring device, capable of highly efficient stirring of vessel contents withou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hormonal contribution to several categories of breast cancer subtypes was recognized during this time, leading to the development of pharmacological modulators (e.g. of oestrogen) such as tamoxifen. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phreds approach to base calling and calculating quality scores was outlined by Ewing et al.'. To determine quality scores, Phred first calculates several parameters related to peak shape and peak resolution at each base. Phred then uses these parameters to look up a corresponding quality score in huge lookup tables. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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