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In order to convert the pressure into a shear stress, it is necessary to determine the component of the pressure that provides shear on the bed. For a channel that is at an angle from horizontal, the shear component of the stress acting on the bed , which is the component acting tangentially to the bed, equals the tot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The synchronizer acts as an external trigger for both the camera(s) and the laser. While analogue systems in the form of a photosensor, rotating aperture and a light source have been used in the past, most systems in use today are digital. Controlled by a computer, the synchronizer can dictate the timing of each fram... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxidative phosphorylation (UK , US ) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Osborne Reynolds famously studied the conditions in which the flow of fluid in pipes transitioned from laminar flow to turbulent flow.
In his 1883 paper Reynolds described the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a classic experiment in which he examined the behaviour of water flow under different flow velociti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the pump and the probe beam must have the same exact frequency, the most convenient solution is for them to come from the same laser. The probe beam can be made of a reflection of the pump beam passed through neutral density filter to reduce its intensity. To fine-tune the frequency of the laser, a diode laser wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose) is an intermediate in the production of polysaccharides. It is important in nucleotide sugars metabolism, and is the substrate for the transferase B4GALT5. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* [https://www.therminol.com/product/71093433?pn=Therminol-55-Heat-Transfer-Fluid Therminol 55] Heat Transfer Fluid
* [https://www.therminol.com/product/71093435?pn=Therminol-59-Heat-Transfer-Fluid Therminol 59] Heat Transfer Fluid
* [https://www.therminol.com/product/71093449?pn=Therminol-FF-(Flush-Fluid) Therminol FF... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To study charge transfer reactions of an ITIES, a four-electrode cell is used.
Two reference electrodes are used to control the polarisation of the interface, and two counter electrodes made of noble metals are used to pass the current. The aqueous supporting electrolyte must be hydrophilic, such as LiCl, and the organ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal conductive heating is the application of heat to subsurface soils through conductive heat transfer. The source of the heat is applied via electric or gas powered thermal wells. Thermal wells are inserted vertically, or horizontally, in an array within the soil. Heat flows from the heating elements by conduct... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To understand how presence of a futile cycle helps maintain low levels of ATP and generation heat in some species we look at metabolic pathways dealing with reciprocal regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
The swim bladder of many fish; such as zebrafish for example - is an organ internally filled with gas tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a crystal of a binary oxide is cleaved to generate two new surfaces, each solid's charge remains neutral. However, the structure of the two newly created surfaces may or may not be the same. If the structures are identical, the surface will be dipoleless and is considered a nonpolar surface. If the structures are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Christoph Weder was born on July 30, 1966. He began elementary school in Mülheim a. Main, Germany, in 1972 before moving to Thalwil, Switzerland, in 1974, where he completed elementary and secondary school. He then attended the high school Kantonsschule Enge in Zurich, from which he graduated in 1985. Following in the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As she neared the end of her doctorate in 1924, Irène Curie was asked to teach the precision laboratory techniques required for radiochemical research to the young chemical engineer Frédéric Joliot, whom she would later wed. From 1928 Joliot-Curie and her husband Frédéric combined their research efforts on the study of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The development of biomass in the form of aerobic granules is being studied for its application in the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from wastewater.
Aerobic granules in an aerobic SBR present several advantages compared to conventional activated sludge process such as:
: Stability and f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The use of ion beams as a particle-beam weapon is theoretically possible, but has not been demonstrated. Electron beam weapons have been tested by the U.S. Navy in the early 20th century, but the hose instability effect prevents these from being accurate at a distance of over approximately 30 inches. See particle-beam ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conditions treated with combination therapy include tuberculosis, leprosy, cancer, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. One major benefit of combination therapies is that they reduce development of drug resistance since a pathogen or tumor is less likely to have resistance to multiple drugs simultaneously. Artemisinin-based monothe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MIKE BASIN is an extension of ArcMap (ESRI) for integrated water resources management and planning. It provides a framework for managers and stakeholders to address multi-sectoral allocation and environmental issues in river basins. It is designed to investigate water sharing issues at international or interstate level... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The evidence that arsenic may be a beneficial nutrient at trace levels below the background to which living organisms are normally exposed has been reviewed. Some organoarsenic compounds found in nature are arsenobetaine and arsenocholine, both being found in many marine organisms. Some As-containing nucleosides (suga... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This is defined in Title 10, Section 20.1003, of the Code of Federal Regulations of the USA the CEDE dose (HE,50) as the sum of the products of the committed dose equivalents for each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated multiplied by the weighting factors (W) applicable to each of those organs or tissues.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Historically, tailings were disposed of in the most convenient manner, such as in downstream running water or down drains. Because of concerns about these sediments in the water and other issues, tailings ponds came into use. The sustainability challenge in the management of tailings and waste rock is to dispose of ma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1993 Ernst Homburg was senior research fellow at the Sidney M. Edelstein Center of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
In 1998/1999 he was a fellow at the Netherlands Institute of Advanced Study, Wassenaar.
In 2002 he was a fellow at the Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte in Berlin.
In 2014 Homburg rece... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Notwithstanding these inventions of the Alexandrian school, its attention does not seem to have been directed to the motion of fluids; and the first attempt to investigate this subject was made by Sextus Julius Frontinus, inspector of the public fountains at Rome in the reigns of Nerva and Trajan. In his work De aquaed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An NMR tube is a thin glass walled tube used to contain samples in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Typically NMR tubes come in 5 mm diameters but 10 mm and 3 mm samples are known. It is important that the tubes are uniformly thick and well-balanced to ensure that NMR tube spins at a regular rate (i.e., they do... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The basic properties of two-dimensional stream functions can be summarized as follows:
# The x- and y-components of the flow velocity at a given point are given by the partial derivatives of the stream function at that point.
# The value of the stream function is constant along every streamline (streamlines represent t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* University Faculty Scholar
* Premier's Research Excellence Award
* Marilyn Robinson Award for Excellence in Teaching
* Alumni Western, Bank of Nova Scotia, University Students' Council Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching (1997–98, 2001–02)
* Canadian National Congress-International Union Pure and Applied C... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Leslie Eleazer Orgel FRS (12 January 1927 – 27 October 2007) was a British chemist. He is known for his theories on the origin of life. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In geometry, a Euclidean plane isometry is an isometry of the Euclidean plane, or more informally, a way of transforming the plane that preserves geometrical properties such as length. There are four types: translations, rotations, reflections, and glide reflections (see below ).
The set of Euclidean plane isometries f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diprotonation of [CBH] gives the neutral carborane CBH. Pyrolysis of this nido cluster gives closo-CBH. Chromate-oxidation of [CBH] results in deboronation, giving the CBH. This carborane features two CH vertices. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bioaerosol transport and distribution is not consistent around the globe. While bioaerosols may travel thousands of kilometers before deposition, their ultimate distance of travel and direction is dependent on meteorological, physical, and chemical factors. The branch of biology that studies the dispersal of these part... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For macroscopic bodies with known volumes and numbers of atoms or molecules per unit volume, the total van der Waals force is often computed based on the "microscopic theory" as the sum over all interacting pairs. It is necessary to integrate over the total volume of the object, which makes the calculation dependent on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The INHIBIT logic gate incorporates a Tb ion in a chelate complex. This two-input logic gate is the first of its kind and displays non-commutative behavior with chemical inputs and a phosphorescence output. Whenever dioxygen (input “1”) is present, the system is quenched and no phosphorescence is observed (output “0”).... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://www.aps.org/units/damop/ American Physical Society - Division of Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090927053332/http://ampd.epsdivisions.org/ European Physical Society - Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics Division]
* [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=13622 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquid hydrophilic chemicals complexed with solid chemicals can be used to optimize solubility of hydrophobic chemicals. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a molten metal is mixed with another substance, there are two mechanisms that can cause an alloy to form, called atom exchange and the interstitial mechanism. The relative size of each element in the mix plays a primary role in determining which mechanism will occur. When the atoms are relatively similar in size, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the ancient atomists works were unavailable, scholastic thinkers still had Aristotles critiques of atomism. Although the atomism of Epicurus had fallen out of favor in the centuries of Scholasticism, the minima naturalia of Aristotelianism received extensive consideration. Speculation on minima naturalia provi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of models for the nucleus have also been proposed in which nucleons occupy orbitals, much like the atomic orbitals in atomic physics theory. These wave models imagine nucleons to be either sizeless point particles in potential wells, or else probability waves as in the "optical model", frictionlessly orbiting ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Coley, N. G. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1033981/ "The collateral sciences in the work of Golding Bird (1814-1854)"], Medical History, iss.4, vol.13, October 1969.
*Hemat, R. A. S. Water, Urotext 2009 .
*Lardner, Dionysius [https://books.google.com/books?id=FzoDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA288 Electricity, Magnetis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. PPARGC1A is also known as human accelerated region 20 (HAR20). It may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes.
PGC-1α is the master regulator of mitoc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For particles with the mass of a proton or greater, elastic scattering is one of the main methods by which the particles interact with matter. At relativistic energies, protons, neutrons, helium ions, and HZE ions will undergo numerous elastic collisions before they are dissipated. This is a major concern with many typ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The thrust-to-weight ratio of jet engines with similar configurations varies with scale, but is mostly a function of engine construction technology. For a given engine, the lighter the engine, the better the thrust-to-weight is, the less fuel is used to compensate for drag due to the lift needed to carry the engine wei... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bottom of the salt pan () is typically composed of clay lined pools, basalt, sand, concrete, or tile. This keeps the salt from coming into contact with the silt beneath and becoming dirty. Every few days, or on occasion daily, the harvester (French: ) pushes or pulls the salt with a long wooden rake. This must be d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphoramide arises from the reaction of phosphoryl chloride with ammonia. In moist air, it hydrolyzes to an ammonium salt:
It reacts with sodium hydroxide with loss of ammonia:
The related thiophosphoryl triamide compound was made from the reaction of thiophosphoryl chloride with ammonia. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many of the drugs in the same class exert additive effect as they have a similar therapeutic mechanism of action. For example, the calcium carbonate, magnesium, and aluminium salts are all antacids with the mechanism of using the negative ion to neutralize the acid in the stomach. The antacids have no interaction betwe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The salen anion forms complexes with most transition metals. These complexes are usually prepared by the reaction of Hsalen ("proligand") with metal precursors containing built-in bases, such as alkoxides, metal amides, or metal acetate. The proligand may also be treated with a metal halide, with or without an added ba... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the last half-decade, coastal erosion in the form of inertial cavitation has been generally accepted. Bubbles in an incoming wave are forced into cracks in the cliff being eroded. Varying pressure decompresses some vapor pockets which subsequently implode. The resulting pressure peaks can blast apart fractions of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A single-stranded genome that is used in both positive-sense and negative-sense capacities is said to be ambisense. Some viruses have ambisense genomes. Bunyaviruses have three single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, some of them containing both positive-sense and negative-sense sections; arenaviruses are also ssRNA vir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This includes further education about microbial, molecular and cell biology. Classes can include cell biology, virology, microbial and plant biology | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The PFA-100 (Platelet Function Assay or Platelet Function Analyser) is a platelet function analyser that aspirates blood in vitro from a blood specimen into disposable test cartridges through a microscopic aperture cut into a biologically active membrane at the end of a capillary. The membrane of the cartridges are coa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Other variations of the Grignard reagent have been discovered to improve the chemoselectivity of the Grignard reaction, which include but are not limited to: Turbo-Grignards, organocerium reagents, and organocuprate (Gilman) reagents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pioneer factors can function passively, by acting as a bookmark for the cell to recruit other transcription factors to specific genes in condensed chromatin. This can be important for priming the cell for a rapid response as the enhancer is already bound by a pioneer transcription factor giving it a head start towards... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2009, India's Chandrayaan-1 satellite and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cassini spacecraft and Deep Impact probe each detected evidence of water by evidence of hydroxyl fragments on the Moon. As reported by Richard Kerr, "A spectrometer [the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, also known as "M3"] dete... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a charged particle moves through a gravitational force or centrifugation, an electric potential is induced. While the particle moves, ions in the electric double layer lag behind creating a net dipole moment behind due to liquid flow. The sum of all dipoles on the particle is what causes sedimentation potential. Sed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (CPVs) form the genus Cypovirus of the family Reoviridae. CPVs are classified into 14 species based on the electrophoretic migration profiles of their genome segments. Cypovirus has only a single capsid shell, which is similar to the orthoreovirus inner core. CPV exhibits striking c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium hydroxide can form several hydrates , which result in a complex solubility diagram that was described in detail by Spencer Umfreville Pickering in 1893. The known hydrates and the approximate ranges of temperature and concentration (mass percent of NaOH) of their saturated water solutions are:
* Heptahydrate, : ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proteins, unlike nucleic acids, can have varying charges and complex shapes, therefore they may not migrate into the polyacrylamide gel at similar rates, or all when placing a negative to positive EMF on the sample. Proteins, therefore, are usually denatured in the presence of a detergent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stokes, transitional and Newtonian settling describe the behaviour of a single spherical particle in an infinite fluid, known as free settling. However this model has limitations in practical application. Alternate considerations, such as the interaction of particles in the fluid, or the interaction of the particles wi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
F decays predominantly by β emission, with a half-life of 109.8 min. It is made by proton bombardment of O in a cyclotron or linear particle accelerator. It is an important isotope in the radiopharmaceutical industry. For example, it is used to make labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for application in PET scans. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cAMP response element CREB is closely related to the cell decision to proliferate or not. Cells that are forced to overexpress AKT increase the amount of CREB and proliferation compared to wild type cells. These cells also express less glial and neural cell markers such as GFAP or β-tubulin. This is because CREB is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A nickel-catalyzed 1,n arylboration was developed in 2019 by Yin and coworkers and remains the only example of a chain-walking arylboration. This was accomplished via a nitrogen-based ligand and a three-component coupling. The general scheme plus proposed mechanism is shown. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some oxidative additions proceed analogously to the well known bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions in organic chemistry. Nucleophilic attack by the metal center at the less electronegative atom in the substrate leads to cleavage of the R–X bond, to form an [M–R] species. This step is followed by rapid coord... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrical implants are being used to relieve pain from rheumatoid arthritis. The electric implant is embedded in the neck of patients with rheumatoid arthritics, the implant sends electrical signals to electrodes in the vagus nerve. The application of this device is being tested an alternative to medicating people wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shock hardening is a process used to strengthen metals and alloys, wherein a shock wave produces atomic-scale defects in the material's crystalline structure. As in cold work, these defects interfere with the normal processes by which metallic materials yield (plasticity), making materials stiffer, but more brittle. W... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trimethylsilyl iodide is used to introduce the trimethylsilyl group onto alcohols (ROH):
:R-OH + TMSI → R-OTMS + HI
This type of reaction may be useful for gas chromatography analysis; the resultant silyl ether is more volatile than the underivatized original materials. However, for the preparation of bulk trimethylsil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protection quantities are calculated models, and are used as "limiting quantities" to specify exposure limits to ensure, in the words of ICRP, "that the occurrence of stochastic health effects is kept below unacceptable levels and that tissue reactions are avoided". These quantities cannot be measured in practice but t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vitamin A receptor, Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 or STRA6 protein was originally discovered as a transmembrane cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein. STRA6 is unique as it functions both as a membrane transporter and a cell surface receptor, particularly as a cytokine receptor. In fact, STRA6 may be the f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although Berkeley began offering chemistry courses in 1869, the College was not officially established until 1872, awarding its first Ph.D. in 1885 to John Maxson Stillman, who later founded the chemistry department at Stanford University. A division of chemical engineering was formed in 1946, becoming a department in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-essential trace elements include silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). They have no known biological function in mammals, with toxic effects even at low concentration.
The structural components of cells and tissues that are required in the diet in gram quantities daily are known as bulk elements. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes. This superfamily is further classified into 11 families, PDE1 - PDE11, on the basis of regulatory properties, amino acid sequences, substrate specificities, pharmacological properties and tissue distribution. Their function is to degrade intracellular second messe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Previous studies have shown that progesterone supports the normal development of neurons in the brain, and that the hormone has a protective effect on damaged brain tissue. It has been observed in animal models that females have reduced susceptibility to traumatic brain injury and this protective effect has been hypoth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In benzene the two cyclohexatriene Kekulé structures, first proposed by Kekulé, are taken together as contributing structures to represent the total structure. In the hybrid structure on the right, the dashed hexagon replaces three double bonds, and represents six electrons in a set of three molecular orbitals of π sym... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wide band gap semiconductors like tin oxide generally possess a high chemical stability and mobility, are cheap to fabricate and have a suitable band alignment, making these semiconductors often used in various electronics as thin film transistors, anodes in lithium ion batteries and as electron transport layer in sol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This silicon α-effect was first observed in the late 1960s by researchers at Bayer AG as an increase in reactivity at the silicon atom for hydrolysis and was used for cross-linking of α-silane-terminated prepolymers. For a long time after that, people attributed this reactivity as silicon α-effect. However, the real me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The selection rule for rotational transitions, derived from the symmetries of the rotational wave functions in a rigid rotor, is ΔJ = ±1, where J is a rotational quantum number. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lecoq de Boisbaudran experimented with the precipitation of rare earth compounds from water solution using potassium sulfate to induce precipitation. He then measured the spectra of solutions in which the liquid served as a positive pole. Lecoq de Boisbaudran noted a spectral band in the yellow-green portion of the sp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a system contains two or more components whose concentration vary from point to point, there is a natural tendency for mass to be transferred, minimizing any concentration difference within the system. Mass transfer in a system is governed by Ficks first law: Diffusion flux from higher concentration to lower conce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Atraric acid and N-butylbenzenesulfonamide are natural compounds with antiandrogen properties which have been purified from the bark of the African tree Pygeum africanum, see figures 9 and 10. In vitro assays have shown them both to be selective AR agonists and that they inhibit proliferation of several prostate cancer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a template reaction is any of a class of ligand-based reactions that occur between two or more adjacent coordination sites on a metal center. In the absence of the metal ion, the same organic reactants produce different products. The term is mainly used in coordination chemistry. The template effects emp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Schellman loops (also called Schellman motifs or paperclips) are commonly occurring structural features of proteins and polypeptides. Each has six amino acid residues (labelled residues i to i+5) with two specific inter-mainchain hydrogen bonds (as in lower figure, i) and a characteristic main chain dihedral angle conf... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a system is at equilibrium under a given set of conditions, it is said to be in a definite thermodynamic state. The state of the system can be described by a number of state quantities that do not depend on the process by which the system arrived at its state. They are called intensive variables or extensive varia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
High performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) works by passing a sample solution through a column packed with a stationary phase that contains an immobilized biologically active ligand. The ligand is in fact a substrate that has a specific binding affinity for the target molecule in the sample solution. The target mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SiGe thermocouples in an RTG convert heat directly into electricity. Thermoelectric power generation requires a constantly maintained temperature difference among the junctions of the two dissimilar metals (i.e. Si and Ge) to produce a low power closed circuit electric current without extra circuitry or external power ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Schikorr reaction can occur in the process of anaerobic corrosion of iron and carbon steel in various conditions.
Anaerobic corrosion of metallic iron to give iron(II) hydroxide and hydrogen:
:3 (Fe + 2 HO → Fe(OH) + H)
followed by the Schikorr reaction:
:3 Fe(OH) → FeO + 2 HO + H
give the following global reaction... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Xe isotopes are also promising in tracing mantle dynamics in Earths evolution. The first explicit recognition of non-atmospheric Xe in terrestrial samples came from the analysis of CO-well gas in New Mexico, displaying an excess of I-derived or primitive source Xe and high content in Xe due to the decay of U. At presen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methylotrophic yeast metabolism differs from bacteria primarily on the basis of the enzymes used and the carbon assimilation pathway. Unlike bacteria which use bacterial MDH, methylotrophic yeasts oxidize methanol in their peroxisomes with a non-specific alcohol oxidase. This produces formaldehyde as well as hydrogen p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two modes can be used for this measurement. One is the isochromat mode, which scans the incident electron energy and keeps the detected photon energy constant. The other is the tunable photon energy mode, or spectrograph mode, which keeps the incident electron energy constant and measures the distribution of the detect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A rezas crystallization depends on the time it takes for layers of its chains to fold and orient themselves in the same direction. This time increases with a molecules weight and branching. The table below shows that the growth rate is higher for Sclair 14B.1 than Sclair 2907 (20%), where 2907 is less highly branched t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hepatitis B infection can be successfully controlled through the use of a recombinant subunit hepatitis B vaccine, which contains a form of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen that is produced in yeast cells. The development of the recombinant subunit vaccine was an important and necessary development because hepatit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
IUPAC uses the prefix "isocyano" for the systematic nomenclature of isocyanides: isocyanomethane, isocyanoethane, isocyanopropane, etc.
The sometimes used old term "carbylamine" conflicts with systematic nomenclature. An amine always has three single bonds, whereas an isocyanide has only one single and one multiple bon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some manufacturers primarily produce left-hand drive vehicles, due to the larger or nearer market for such vehicles. For such models supplied to left-hand traffic markets, in the right-hand drive configuration, the manufacturer may reuse the same dashboard configuration as is used in the left-hand drive models, with th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Specialized proteins can unzip small segments of the DNA molecule when it is replicated or transcribed into RNA. But work published in 2015 illustrates how DNA opens on its own.
Simply twisting DNA can expose internal bases to the outside, without the aid of any proteins. Also, transcription itself contorts DNA in livi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Chesapeake Bay watershed has been heavily impacted by natural forces such as erosion, tides, and a history of hurricanes and other storms. Along with environmental factors, the bay has been negatively impacted by humans since being settled in the 17th century, bringing with them problems like pollution, constructio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When arachidonic acid is a substrate, isomers of hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are formed. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a sample such as blood or saliva is obtained, the DNA is only a small part of what is present in the sample. Before the DNA can be analyzed, it must be extracted from the cells and purified. There are many ways this can be accomplished, but all methods follow the same basic procedure. The cell and nuclear membrane... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Infiltration reclaims stormwater runoff and allows for groundwater recharge. Runoff enters the soil and percolates through to the subsurface. The rate of infiltration is affected by soil compaction and storage capacity, and will decrease as the soil becomes saturated. The soil texture and structure, vegetation types an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The scattering cross section of an object () is defined by the time-averaged power of the scattered wave () divided by the intensity of the incident wave (): .
Starting with the assumptions that a plasma object is small relative to the incident wavelength, thin relative to the skin depth, unmagnetized, and homogenous,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The technique is commonly used for analyzing the chemical composition of metals, alloys, ceramics, and glasses. It is particularly useful for assessing the composition of individual particles or grains and chemical changes on the scale of a few micrometres to millimeters. The electron microprobe is widely used for rese... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mixed-function oxidase is the name of a family of oxidase enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which each of the two atoms of oxygen in O is used for a different function in the reaction.
Oxidase is a general name for enzymes that catalyze oxidations in which molecular oxygen is the electron acceptor but oxygen atoms do... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A particular brand of gas-surface chemisorption is the dissociation of diatomic gas molecules, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. One model used to describe the process is precursor-mediation. The absorbed molecule is adsorbed onto a surface into a precursor state. The molecule then diffuses across the surface ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The oldest and most widely used expression systems are cell-based and may be defined as the "combination of an expression vector, its cloned DNA, and the host for the vector that provide a context to allow foreign gene function in a host cell, that is, produce proteins at a high level". Overexpression is an abnormally ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first part contains 60 multiple-choice questions. Each question has four answer choices. The questions are loosely grouped into 10 sets of 6 items; each set corresponds to a different chemistry topic. Typically, the topics are, in order, descriptive chemistry/laboratory techniques, stoichiometry, gases/liquids/soli... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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