text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Nearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc. Groups at risk include children in developing countries and the elderly with chronic illnesses. In children, it causes an increase in infection and diarrhea and contributes to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year. The World Healt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The model was initially developed by Beddoes and Leishman&Beddoes and refined by Leishman and Tyler&Leishman.
The model consists of three distinct sub-systems for describing the dynamic stall physics:
* Attached flow model for the unsteady (linear) airloads (with compressibility effects included) using the compressible... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein composed of 237 amino acids with a molecular mass of 36.7 kDa, approximately 14.5kDa αhCG and 22.2kDa βhCG.
It is heterodimeric, with an α (alpha) subunit identical to that of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An explicit distinction between thermal equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium is made by B. C. Eu. He considers two systems in thermal contact, one a thermometer, the other a system in which there are several occurring irreversible processes, entailing non-zero fluxes; the two systems are separated by a wall permea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This intuitive picture is not quite right, because is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian and so at different times only differs by a phase. Thus, in particular, the physical state does not evolve and so it cannot become noninteracting. This problem is easily circumvented by assembling and into wavepackets with so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FEBS activities include: publishing journals; providing grants for scientific meetings such as an annual Congress, Young Scientists’ Forum and FEBS Advanced Courses; offering travel awards to early-stage scientists to participate in these events; offering research Fellowships for pre- and post-doctoral bioscientists; p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) appear to regulate the expression of more than 60% of protein coding genes of the human genome. If an miRNA is abundant it can behave as a "switch", turning some genes on or off. However, altered expression of many miRNAs only leads to a modest 1.5- to 4-fold change in protein expression of their t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ceration is a chemical process, a common practice in alchemy. It is performed by continuously adding a liquid by imbibition to a hard, dry substance while it is heated. Typically, this treatment makes the substance softer, more like molten wax (cera in Latin). Pseudo-Gebers Summa Perfectionis' explains that ceration i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A primary advantage of curing with ultraviolet light is the speed at which a material can be processed. Speeding up the curing, or drying step, in a process can reduce flaws and errors by decreasing time that an ink or coating spends as wet. This can increase the quality of a finished item, and potentially allow for gr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
G.V. Pigulevsky was born on December 10, 1888 (November 28, old style) in Kovno (nowadays Kaunas, Lithuania) in the family of a lawyer Vasily Ivanovich Pigulevsky. There were two other sons in the family - Boris and Vladimir. In 1906, after graduating from the Vilna Gymnasium, he entered the Faculty of Physics and Math... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The etymology of the words "urethane" and "carbamate" are highly similar but not the same. The word "urethane" was first coined in 1833 by French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas. Dumas states "Urethane. The new ether, brought into contact with liquid and concentrated ammonia, exerts on this substance a reaction so strong t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Strontium is naturally deposited in hydroxyapatite, the mineral component of bones and teeth, following its consumption in food and water. Each locale has a unique Sr isotope ratio and, therefore, the ratio found in a bone or enamel sample can be cross referenced against a record of environmental Sr ratios and assigned... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polyanionic and featuring a potentially chelating polyphosphate group, ATP binds metal cations with high affinity. The binding constant for is (). The binding of a divalent cation, almost always magnesium, strongly affects the interaction of ATP with various proteins. Due to the strength of the ATP-Mg interaction, AT... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Centrifugal partition chromatography does not uses any solid stationary phase, so it guarantees a cost-effective separation for the highest industrial levels. As opposed to countercurrent chromatography, it is possible to get very high flow rates (for example 10 liters / min) with active stationary phase ratio of >80%,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolism reaction that results in the production of ATP or GTP supported by the energy released from another high-energy bond that leads to phosphorylation of ADP or GDP to ATP or GTP (note that the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase is not considered as "substrate-level phosph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The gal operon of E. coli consists of 4 structural genes: galE (epimerase), galT (galactose transferase), galK (galactokinase), and galM (mutarotase) which are transcribed from two overlapping promoters, PG1 (+1) and PG2 (-5), upstream from galE. GalE encodes for an epimerase that converts UDP-glucose into UDP-galactos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Interference of two sinusoidal waves with slightly different wavelengths, but the same amplitude and propagation direction, results in a beat pattern, called a wave group. As can be seen in the animation, the group moves with a group velocity c different from the phase velocity c, due to frequency dispersion.
The group... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most nitrolic acids are laboratory curiosities. One exception is the compound HOC(CH)C(NO)=NOH, which is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexanone with nitric acid. This species decomposes to adipic acid and nitrous oxide:
:HOC(CH)C(NO)=NOH → HOC(CH)COH + NO
This conversion is thought to be the largest anthropoge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A description of the structure of reticulated foams is still being developed. While Plateau's laws, the rules governing the shape of soap films in foams were developed in the 19th century, a mathematical description of the structure is still debated. The computer-generated Weaire–Phelan structure is the most recent. In... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Explosive antimony is an allotrope of the chemical element antimony that is so sensitive to shock that it explodes when scratched or subjected to sudden heating. The allotrope was first described in 1855.
Chemists form the allotrope through electrolysis of a concentrated solution of antimony trichloride in hydrochloric... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Careful selection of the reaction tank material is essential along with control of the current, flow rate and pH. Electrodes can be made of iron, aluminum, titanium, graphite or other materials, depending upon the wastewater to be treated and the contaminants to be removed. Temperature and pressure appear to have only ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf was the first female apothecary in the Thirteen Colonies. She is considered to be the first female pharmacist in the United States.
Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi graduated from the New York College of Pharmacy in 1863, which made her the first woman to graduate from a United States school of ph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Instrumentation in time-domain diffuse optics consists of three fundamental components namely, a pulsed laser source, a single photon detector and a timing electronics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The atmosphere is 21% oxygen by volume, which equates to a total of roughly 34 × 10 mol of oxygen. Other oxygen-containing molecules in the atmosphere include ozone (O), carbon dioxide (CO), water vapor (HO), and sulphur and nitrogen oxides (SO, NO, NO, etc.). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some of the job skills and abilities that one needs to attain to be successful in this field of work include science, mathematics, reading comprehension, writing, and critical thinking. These skills are critical because of the nature of the experimental techniques of the occupation. One will also need to convey trends... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The word ketone is derived from Aketon, an old German word for acetone.
According to the rules of IUPAC nomenclature, ketone names are derived by changing the suffix -ane of the parent alkane to -anone. Typically, the position of the carbonyl group is denoted by a number, but traditional nonsystematic names are still g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In thermodynamics and chemical engineering, the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) describes the distribution of a chemical species between the vapor phase and a liquid phase.
The concentration of a vapor in contact with its liquid, especially at equilibrium, is often expressed in terms of vapor pressure, which will be a p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most frequently reported mechanical property of titanium foams is compressive strength. It was generally accepted that the compressive properties of metal foams depended on the properties of the cell wall rather than on pore size. However, more recent research has indicated that smaller pore sizes equate to higher ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the amino radical, , also known as the aminyl radical or azanyl radical, is the neutral form of the amide ion (). Aminyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived, like most radicals; however, they form an important part of nitrogen chemistry. In sufficiently high concentration, amino radi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ions can be non-chemically prepared using various ion sources, usually involving high voltage or temperature. These are used in a multitude of devices such as mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters, and ion engines.
As reactive charged particles, they are also used in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS () is a research institute in Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1957. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are five key pieces of equipment used in a pipebursting operation: the expander head, pulling rods, a pulling machine, a retaining device, and a hydraulic power pack.
Today's expander heads have a leading end much smaller in diameter than the trailing (bursting) end, small enough to fit through the pipe that will... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ca ions are usually kept at nanomolar levels in the cytosol of plant cells, and act in a number of signal transduction pathways as second messengers. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Infragravity waves are surface gravity waves with frequencies lower than the wind waves – consisting of both wind sea and swell – thus corresponding with the part of the wave spectrum lower than the frequencies directly generated by forcing through the wind.
Infragravity waves are ocean surface gravity waves generated ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some new instrumentations techniques exist that allow zeta potential to be measured. The Zeta Potential Analyzer can measure solid, fibers, or powdered material. The motor found in the instrument creates an oscillating flow of electrolyte solution through the sample. Several sensors in the instrument monitor other fact... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The nucleophilic lysine residue is commonly targeted site in protein bioconjugation, typically through amine-reactive N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) esters. To obtain optimal number of deprotonated lysine residues, the pH of the aqueous solution must be below the pKa of the lysine ammonium group, which is around 10.5, so ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphoramide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is a derivative of phosphoric acid in which each of the hydroxyl groups have been replaced with an amino group. In bulk, the compound is a white solid, soluble in polar solvents. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Organic Reactions is a peer-reviewed book series that was established in 1942. It publishes detailed descriptions of useful organic reactions. Each article (called a chapter) is an invited review of the primary source material for the given reaction, and is written under tight editorial control, making it a secondary t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most famous case of polyamorphism is amorphous ice. Pressurizing conventional hexagonal ice crystals to about 1.6 GPa at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) converts them to the high-density amorphous ice. Upon releasing the pressure, this phase is stable and has density of 1.17 g/cm at 77 K and 1 bar. Consequent wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Direct photophoresis is caused by the transfer of photon momentum to a particle by refraction and reflection. Movement of particles in the forward direction occurs when the particle is transparent and has an index of refraction larger compared to its surrounding medium. Indirect photophoresis occurs as a result of an i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the brewing industry flocculation has a different meaning. It is a very important process in fermentation during the production of beer where cells form macroscopic flocs. These flocs cause the yeast to sediment or rise to the top of a fermentation at the end of the fermentation. Subsequently, the yeast can be colle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kikuchi lines, first observed by Seishi Kikuchi in 1928, are linear features created by electrons scattered both inelastically and elastically. As the electron beam interacts with matter, the electrons are diffracted via elastic scattering, and also scattered inelastically losing part of their energy. These occur simul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although any device that promotes contact between air and water strips some volatile compounds, air strippers are usually packed towers or tray towers operated with countercurrent flow of water and air. The countercurrent flow removes particles from the water and into the air. This process is known as volatization or a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Initial salting in at low concentrations is explained by the Debye–Huckel theory. Proteins are surrounded by the salt counterions (ions of opposite net charge) and this screening results in decreasing electrostatic free energy of the protein and increasing activity of the solvent, which in turn leads to increasing solu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1982 The Electrochemical Society created the [https://web.archive.org/web/20150721022447/http://www.electrochem.org/awards/ecs/ecs_awards.htm#k Norman Hackerman Young Author Award] to honor the best paper published in the Journal of the Electrochemical Society for a topic in the field of electrochemical science and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mobile phase or eluent is a solvent or a mixture of solvents used to move the compounds through the column. It is chosen so that the retention factor value of the compound of interest is roughly around 0.2 - 0.3 in order to minimize the time and the amount of eluent to run the chromatography. The eluent has also be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coagulation or blood clotting relies on, in addition to the production of fibrin, interactions between platelets. When the endothelium or the lining of a blood vessel is damaged, connective tissue including collagen fibers is locally exposed. Initially, platelets stick to the exposed connective tissue through specific... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1787, part-time chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a heavy black rock in an old quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby (now part of the Stockholm Archipelago). Thinking it was an unknown mineral containing the newly discovered element tungsten, he named it ytterbite and sent samples to various chemists for analys... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The carbon:nutrient balance hypothesis, also known as the environmental constraint hypothesis or Carbon Nutrient Balance Model (CNBM), states that the various types of plant defenses are responses to variations in the levels of nutrients in the environment. This hypothesis predicts the Carbon/Nitrogen ratio in plants d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like any mineral extraction practices, there are environmental advantages and disadvantages. Cobalt and Lithium are two key metals that can be used for aiding with more environmentally friendly technologies above ground, such as powering batteries that energize electric vehicles or creating wind power. An environmental... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The molecular formula NO (molar mass: 72.03 g/mol, exact mass: 72.0072 u) may refer to:
* Nitrosylazide
* Oxatetrazole | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thymidylate synthase inhibitors are chemical agents which inhibit the enzyme thymidylate synthase and have potential as an anticancer chemotherapy. This inhibition prevents the methylation of C5 of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) thereby inhibiting the synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP). The downstream... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Linkage isomerism was first noted for nitropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride, . This cationic cobalt complex can be isolated as either of two linkage isomers. In the yellow-coloured isomer, the nitro ligand is bound through nitrogen. In the red linkage isomer, the nitrito is bound through one oxygen atom. The O-bonded is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Primase adds RNA primers onto the lagging strand, which allows synthesis of Okazaki fragments from 5 to 3. However, primase creates RNA primers at a much lower rate than that at which DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA on the leading strand. DNA polymerase on the lagging strand also has to be continually recycled to constr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film is a nanostructured system formed when Langmuir films—or Langmuir monolayers (LM)—are transferred from the liquid-gas interface to solid supports during the vertical passage of the support through the monolayers. LB films can contain one or more monolayers of an organic material, deposited... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Modern coupling chemistries allow other properties of polyfluorenes to be controlled through implementation of complex molecular designs.
The above polymer structure pictured has excellent photoluminescent quantum yields (partly due to its fluorene monomer) excellent stability (due to its oxadiazole comonomer) good so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or glycan), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate. In biology (but not always in chemistry), glycosylation usually refers to an enzyme-catalysed reactio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Low levels of vitamin D are associated with two major forms of human inflammatory bowel disease: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Deficiencies in vitamin D have been linked to the severity of the case of inflammatory bowel disease, however, whether vitamin D deficiency causes inflammatory bowel disease or is a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mixtures with air of the gas 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane are not flammable at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 100 °C (212 °F). However, mixtures with high concentrations of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature can be ignited. Contact of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane with flames or hot surfaces in excess of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Promoter activity is a term that encompasses several meanings around the process of gene expression from regulatory sequences —promoters and enhancers. Gene expression has been commonly characterized as a measure of how much, how fast, when and where this process happens. Promoters and enhancers are required for contr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sand rammer consists of calibrated sliding weight actuated by cam, a shallow cup to accommodate specimen tube below ram head, a specimen stripper to strip compacted specimen out of specimen tube, a specimen tube to prepare the standard specimen of 50 mm diameter by 50 mm height or 2 inch diameter by 2 inch height for a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the one-decay solution :
the equation indicates that the decay constant has units of , and can thus also be represented as 1/, where is a characteristic time of the process called the time constant.
In a radioactive decay process, this time constant is also the mean lifetime for decaying atoms. Each atom "lives" ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once the substrate is bound and oriented to the active site, catalysis can begin. The residues of the catalytic site are typically very close to the binding site, and some residues can have dual-roles in both binding and catalysis.
Catalytic residues of the site interact with the substrate to lower the activation energ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) already exists as part of the natural flora in most vegetables. Lettuce and cabbage were examined to determine the types of lactic acid bacteria that exist in the leaves. Different types of LAB will produce different types of silage fermentation, which is the fermentation of the leafy foliage... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deuterium is produced for industrial, scientific and military purposes, by starting with ordinary water—a small fraction of which is naturally-occurring heavy water—and then separating out the heavy water by the Girdler sulfide process, distillation, or other methods.
In theory, deuterium for heavy water could be creat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chromatography is a method chemists use to separate compounds. This type of filter paper has specific water flow rate and absorption speed to maximize the result of paper chromatography. The absorption speed of this type of filter paper is from 6 cm to 18 cm and the thickness is from 0.17 mm from 0.93 mm. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main advantages of excimer lamps over other sources of UV and VUV radiation are as follows:
* high average specific power of UV radiation (up to 1 Watt per cubic centimeter of active medium);
* high energy of an emitted photon (from 3.5 to 11.5 eV);
* quasimonochromatic radiation with the spectral full-width at hal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Longuet-Higgins and E. W. Abrahamson showed that the Woodward–Hoffmann rules can best be derived by examining the correlation diagram of a given reaction. A symmetry element is a point of reference (usually a plane or a line) about which an object is symmetric with respect to a symmetry operation. If a symmetry eleme... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, crystallography, and materials science, the coordination number, also called ligancy, of a central atom in a molecule or crystal is the number of atoms, molecules or ions bonded to it. The ion/molecule/atom surrounding the central ion/molecule/atom is called a ligand. This number is determined somewhat di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrophilic alkylating agents deliver the equivalent of an alkyl cation. Alkyl halides are typical alkylating agents. Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate and triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate are particularly strong electrophiles due to their overt positive charge and an inert leaving group (dimethyl or diethyl ether... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP; or alternatively, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP); also isoprenyl pyrophosphate) is an isoprenoid precursor. It is a product of both the mevalonate pathway and the MEP pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. It is an isomer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and exists in vi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Video spectroscopy combines spectroscopic measurements with video technique. This technology has resulted from recent developments in hyperspectral imaging. A video capable imaging spectrometer can work like a camcorder and provide full frame spectral images in real-time that enables advanced (vehicle based) mobility a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CIP is commonly used for cleaning bioreactors, fermenters, mix vessels, and other equipment used in biotech manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing and food and beverage manufacturing. CIP is performed to remove or obliterate previous mammalian cell culture batch components. It is used to remove in-process residues... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The purine nucleotide cycle occurs in the cytosol (a gel-like substance) of the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle, and in the myocyte's cytosolic compartment of the cytoplasm of cardiac and smooth muscle. The cycle occurs when ATP reservoirs run low (ADP > ATP), such as strenuous exercise, fasting or starvation.
Proteins c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In condensed matter physics and inorganic chemistry, the cation-anion radius ratio can be used to predict the crystal structure of an ionic compound based on the relative size of its atoms. It is defined as the ratio of the ionic radius of the positively charged cation to the ionic radius of the negatively charged anio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A direct fluorescent antibody (DFA or dFA), also known as "direct immunofluorescence", is an antibody that has been tagged in a direct fluorescent antibody test. Its name derives from the fact that it directly tests the presence of an antigen with the tagged antibody, unlike western blotting, which uses an indirect met... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When sequencing RNA other than mRNA, the library preparation is modified. The cellular RNA is selected based on the desired size range. For small RNA targets, such as miRNA, the RNA is isolated through size selection. This can be performed with a size exclusion gel, through size selection magnetic beads, or with a c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The usefulness of TD Diffuse optics lies in its ability to continually and noninvasive monitor optical properties of tissue. Making it a powerful diagnostic tool for long-term bedside monitoring in infants and adults alike. It has already been demonstrated that TD diffuse optics can be successfully applied to various b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solar cells are commonly encapsulated in a transparent polymeric resin to protect the delicate solar cell regions for coming into contact with moisture, dirt, ice, and other conditions expected either during operation or when used outdoors. The encapsulants are commonly made from polyvinyl acetate or glass. Most encaps... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The structure of a polymeric material can be described at different length scales, from the sub-nm length scale up to the macroscopic one. There is in fact a hierarchy of structures, in which each stage provides the foundations for the next one.
The starting point for the description of the structure of a polymer is th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Ford viscosity cup is a simple gravity device that permits the timed flow of a known volume of liquid passing through an orifice located at the bottom. Under ideal conditions, this rate of flow would be proportional to the kinematic viscosity (expressed in stokes and centistokes) that is dependent upon the specific... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pH of an alkaline soil can be reduced by adding acidifying agents or acidic organic materials. Elemental sulfur (90–99% S) has been used at application rates of – it slowly oxidizes in soil to form sulfuric acid. Acidifying fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea, can help to reduce the pH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Calculations of the IMFP are mostly based on the algorithm (full Penn algorithm, FPA) developed by Penn, experimental optical constants or calculated optical data (for compounds). The FPA considers an inelastic scattering event and the dependence of the energy-loss function (EFL) on momentum transfer which describes th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synthetic zeolites have complex structures and examples (with structural formulae) are:
* NaAlSiO·27HO, zeolite A (Linde type A sodium form, NaA), used in laundry detergents
* NaAlSiO·16HO, Analcime, IUPAC code ANA
* NaAlSiO·q HO, Losod
* NaAlSiO·518HO, Linde type N | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coupling of RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription can influence processing reactions in three ways.
# localization
#* positions mRNA processing factors at the elongation complex, which raises their local concentration in the vicinity of the nascent transcript
# kinetic coupling
#* the rate of transcript can have pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, EPIC-seq analysis results showed a significant correlation between the inspected biological effect and the developed score. For the classification tasks Area Under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) Curve (AUC) scores were over 90% with a sufficient significance interval. Also, for these task... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Migma device is perhaps the first significant attempt to solve the recirculation problem. It uses a storage system that was, in effect, an infinite number of storage rings arranged at different locations and angles. This is not done by added components or hardware configurations, but via careful arrangement of the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After his return to England in 1815, Davy began experimenting with lamps that could be used safely in coal mines. The Revd Dr Robert Gray of Bishopwearmouth in Sunderland, founder of the Society for Preventing Accidents in Coalmines, had written to Davy suggesting that he might use his extensive stores of chemical know... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Persistent carbenes tend to exist in the singlet, dimerizing when forced into triplet states. Nevertheless, Hideo Tomioka and associates used electron delocalization to produce a comparatively stable triplet carbene (bis(9-anthryl)carbene) in 2001. It has an unusually long half-life of 19 minutes.
Although the figure... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Etoricoxib, that is used for patients with chronic arthropathies and musculoskeletal and dental pain, is absorbed moderately when given orally. A study on its pharmacokinetics showed that the plasma peak concentration of etoricoxib occurs after approximately 1 hour. It has shown to be extensively bound to plasma albumi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As evidenced by a decreased fluorescence, OCP in its red form is capable of dissipating absorbed light energy from the phycobilisome antenna complex. According to Rakhimberdieva and coworkers, about 30-40% of the energy absorbed by phycobilisomes does not reach the reaction centers when the carotenoid-induced NPQ is ac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ATSDR prides itself on using "the best science." And in 2003, BBC News described ATSDR as "widely regarded as the world's leading agency on public health and the environment."
However, ATSDR has also been the focus of scrutiny from Congress and other groups. Much of the criticism is due to the fact that the agency has ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The application of nanoparticles (NPs) are one of novel promising techniques to target biofilms due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, their ability to penetrate to the deeper layers of biofilms and the capacity to releasing antimicrobial agents in a controlled way. Studying NP-EPS interactions could provide d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
VMAT research began in 1958 when Nils-Åke Hillarp discovered secretory vesicles. In the 1970s, scientists like Arvid Carlsson recognized the need to understand how transport systems and ion gradients work in different organisms in order to explore new treatment options such as reserpine (RES). Researchers discovered in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the basic electroforming process, an electrolytic bath is used to deposit nickel or other electroformable metal onto a conductive surface of a model (mandrel). Once the deposited material has been built up to the desired thickness, the electroform is parted from the substrate. This process allows precise replicati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bloch was born in Zürich, Switzerland to Jewish parents Gustav and Agnes Bloch. Gustav Bloch, his father, was financially unable to attend University and worked as a wholesale grain dealer in Zürich. Gustav moved to Zürich from Moravia in 1890 to become a Swiss citizen. Their first child was a girl born in 1902 while F... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If two substituents on an atom are geometric isomers of each other, the Z-isomer has higher priority than the E-isomer. A stereoisomer that contains two higher priority groups on the same face of the double bond (cis) is classified as "Z." The stereoisomer with two higher priority groups on opposite sides of a carbon-c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Big dynorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide of the dynorphin family that is composed of both dynorphin A and dynorphin B. Big dynorphin has the amino acid sequence: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-Trp-Asp-Asn-Gln-Lys-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Phe-Lys-Val-Val-Thr. It has nociceptive and a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
5β-coprostanol has a low water solubility, and consequently a high octanol-water partition coefficient . In other words, 5β-coprostanol has an affinity nearly 1 billion times higher for octanol than for water. This means that in most environmental systems, 5β-coprostanol will be associated with the solid phase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, there are two different formats of genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens: arrayed and pooled. In an arrayed screen, each well contains a specific and known sgRNA targeting a specific gene. Since the sgRNA responsible for each phenotype is known based on well location, phenotypes can be identified and analysed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.