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Another aspect that ecosan systems are trying to address is the possible upcoming shortage of phosphorus. Phosphorus has an important role for plant growth, and therefore in fertilizer production, but is a limited mineral resource. The situation is similar for potassium. Known mineral phosphate rock reserves are becomi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thyroids secretory capacity (G, also referred to as SPINA-GT) is the maximum stimulated amount of thyroxine the thyroid can produce in one second. G' is elevated in hyperthyroidism and reduced in hypothyroidism.
G is calculated with
or
: Dilution factor for T4 (reciprocal of apparent volume of distribution, 0.1 l)<br /... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), also known as N-(carboxymethyl)lysine, is an advanced glycation endproduct (AGE). CML has been the most used marker for AGEs in food analysis.
Recently, it has been demonstrated that gut microbiota mediates an aging-associated decline in gut barrier function, allowing AGEs to leak into... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ravi Bhushan (born 12 April 1953, in Muzaffarnagar, India) was a Professor of Chemistry at Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee who worked in the areas of natural products chemistry, protein chemistry, and chiral analysis by liquid chromatography. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The European Bioanalysis Forum (EBF) is an organisation comprising bioanalytical scientists working within the pharmaceutical industry R&D. Scope of the EBF is on bioanalysis of small and large molecules with bioanalysis being defined as:
* Quantification of drugs and metabolites in body fluids and tissues
* Quantifica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solid phosphorus pentachloride is an ionic compound, formulated , that is, a salt containing the tetrachlorophosphonium cation. Dilute solutions dissociate according to the following equilibrium:
:PCl + Cl
Triphenylphosphine dichloride (PhPCl) exists both as the pentacoordinate phosphorane and as the chlorotriphenylp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was born October 29, 1870. Owens was a graduate of the Industrial College of Johns Hopkins University and Columbia University.
On August 19, 1891 he was employed as an adjunct professor in electrical engineering in the newly formed school of Electrical Engineering at the University of Nebraska. After seven years of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As with all explosives, research into control yet simplicity has been a goal of research into nanoscale explosives. Some can be ignited with laser pulses.
MICs have been investigated as a possible replacement for lead (e.g. lead styphnate, lead azide) in percussion caps and electric matches. Compositions based on Al-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thiomers are capable of forming disulfide bonds with cysteine substructures of the mucus gel layer covering mucosal membranes. Because of this property they exhibit up to 100-fold higher mucoadhesive properties in comparison to the corresponding unthiolated polymers. Because of their mucoadhesive properties, thiolated ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the eyes of a variety of modern esoteric and Neo-Hermetic practitioners, alchemy is primarily spiritual. In this interpretation, transmutation of lead into gold is presented as an analogy for personal transmutation, purification, and perfection.
According to this view, early alchemists such as Zosimos of Panopolis (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In systems that have a media with significant particulate content (i.e. flash or catalyst), a barrier of ceramic fiber can be utilized to prevent corrosion and restricted bellows flexibility resulting from the accumulation of the particulate. Purge connectors may also be utilized to perform this same function. Internal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term is used in pathology, for example in calcareous conjunctivitis, and when referring to calcareous metastasis or calcareous deposits, which may both be removed surgically. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Four chemical processes contribute to industrial benzene production: catalytic reforming, toluene hydrodealkylation, toluene disproportionation, and steam cracking etc. According to the ATSDR Toxicological Profile for benzene, between 1978 and 1981, catalytic reformates accounted for approximately 44–50% of the total U... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The information available about the people of the Copper Age has not substantially increased along with the number of archaeological sites. Several ideas have been proffered, one of the most followed is that the metal itself did not bring abrupt transformation into the people's life, or even more that early copper does... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method of Fourier-transform spectroscopy can also be used for absorption spectroscopy. The primary example is "FTIR Spectroscopy", a common technique in chemistry.
In general, the goal of absorption spectroscopy is to measure how well a sample absorbs or transmits light at each different wavelength. Although absorp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anumāna (inference) is one of the most important contributions of the Nyāya. It can be of two types: inference for oneself (Svarthanumana, where one does not need any formal procedure, and at the most the last three of their 5 steps), and inference for others (Parathanumana, which requires a systematic methodology of 5... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the presence of carbon in the Earths core is well-constrained, recent studies suggest large inventories of carbon could be stored in this region. Shear (S) waves moving through the inner core travel at about fifty percent of the velocity expected for most iron-rich alloys. Considering the cores composition is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* (mol/s)/(m·mol/m) = m/s
Note, the units will vary based upon which units the driving force is expressed in. The driving force shown here as is expressed in units of moles per unit of volume, but in some cases the driving force is represented by other measures of concentration with different units. For example, the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The test had 85 multiple choice questions, each consisting of five answer choices, that were to be answered in one hour. Students received 1 point for every correct answer, lost ¼ of a point for each incorrect answer, and received 0 points for questions left blank. This score was then converted to a scaled score of 200... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The earliest study on the relationship between contact angle and surface tensions for sessile droplets on flat surfaces was reported by Thomas Young in 1805. A century later Gibbs proposed a modification to Young's equation to account for the volumetric dependence of the contact angle. Gibbs postulated the existence of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using the technique of flash photolysis with the compound diazomethane,
Gerhard Herzberg and Jack Shoosmith
were the first to
produce and spectroscopically characterize the methylene molecule. In their work they obtained
the ultraviolet spectrum of gas phase methylene at around 141.5 nm. Their
analysis of the spectr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite its popularity, form-based restoration has been criticized by the scientific community. Common criticisms are that the scale at which form-based restoration is often much smaller than the spatial and temporal scales of the processes that cause the observed problems and that the target state is frequently influe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemical separation processes, an Energy separating agent (ESA) is the heat or shaft work added to facilitate the separation of two chemical species. It is contrasted with a mass separating agent, which is any chemical species added to the reaction that facilitates the reaction. ESAs are used in many common separati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1969, one such method was performed by Mary Lou Pardue and Joseph G. Gall at the Yale University through radioactivity where it involved the hybridization of a radioactive test DNA in solution to the stationary DNA of a cytological preparation, which is identified as autoradiography. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AKT is downstream to PI3K and is inhibited by Ipatasertib. Akt is an AGC-family kinase and a central, integral signaling node of the PAM pathway. There are three Akt isozymes, Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3. Small-molecule inhibitors of Akt1 could be especially useful to target tumors with a high prevalence of Akt1 E17K activatin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,2,3-Cyclohexatriene is an unstable chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is an unusual isomer of benzene in which the three double bonds are cumulated.
In 1990, 1,2,3-cyclohexatriene was first prepared by reacting a cyclohexadiene derivative with cesium fluoride. The product was too reactive to be isolat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The above method is sufficient for finding the overall depth of rainfall during a storm. However, it is often useful from an engineering perspective to predict the intensity of rainfall during the storm, to allow structures such as drains and sewers to be designed with sufficient capacity for stormwater.
In general, th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyanosulfidic prebiotic synthesis is a proposed mechanism for the origin of the key chemical building blocks of life. It involves a systems chemistry approach to synthesize the precursors of amino acids, ribonucleotides, and lipids using the same starting reagents and largely the same plausible early Earth conditions. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The experimental set-up used to carry out UV-Vis absorption SEC measurements depends on the chosen configuration and the characteristics of the analyte. The experimental set-up is composed of a light source, a spectrometer, a potentiostat/galvanostat, a SEC cell, a three-electrode system, optical elements to conduct th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In eukaryotic somatic cells, the poly(A) tails of most mRNAs in the cytoplasm gradually get shorter, and mRNAs with shorter poly(A) tail are translated less and degraded sooner. However, it can take many hours before an mRNA is degraded. This deadenylation and degradation process can be accelerated by microRNAs complem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many model organism, such as plants (Arabidopsis thaliana), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and worms (C. elegans), have been used to study small non coding RNA-directed Transcriptional gene silencing. In human cell, RNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing was observed a decade a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The tables below present an example of an artificial seawater (35.00‰ of salinity) preparation devised by Kester, Duedall, Connors and Pytkowicz (1967). The recipe consists of two lists of mineral salts, the first of anhydrous salts that can be weighed out, the second of hydrous salts that should be added to the artif... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The majority of rivers on the planet and many lakes have received or are receiving inputs from human-kind's activities. In the industrialised world, many rivers have been very seriously polluted, at least during the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. Although in general there has been much improvement in th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A very rare type of ternary fission process is sometimes called "true ternary fission." It produces three nearly equal-sized charged fragments (Z ~ 30) but only happens in about 1 in 100 million fission events. In this type of fission, the product nuclei split the fission energy in three nearly equal parts and have kin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neuromuscular blocking agents need to fit in a space close to 2 nanometres, which resembles the molecular length of decamethonium. Some molecules of decamethonium congeners may bind only to one receptive site. Flexible molecules have a greater chance of fitting receptive sites. However, the most populated conformation ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, recrystallization is a procedure for purifying compounds. The most typical situation is that a desired "compound A" is contaminated by a small amount of "impurity B". There are various methods of purification that may be attempted (see Separation process), recrystallization being one of them. There are al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Al-Rāzī mentions the following chemical processes: distillation, calcination, solution, evaporation, crystallization, sublimation, filtration, amalgamation, and ceration (a process for making solids pasty or fusible.) Some of these operations (calcination, solution, filtration, crystallization, sublimation and distill... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iimori translated "Isotope" into Japanese as "Doi-genso". Isotope is the concept delivered in Soddy's lecture at the London Chemical Conference in 1918. The lecture was introduced in 1919 at the meeting of chemical laboratory of Tokyo Imperial University, where Iimori proposed to translate the word as " doi genso" in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are broad general methodologies used to calculate the density of a liquid at specific conditions. In order to discuss a specific methodology, one must choose a liquid that holds sufficient interest to warrant a calculation specific to it. EOS 87.3 is a density calculation for seawater; API chapter 11 specifies ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diazenes may extrude nitrogen to provide discrete TMM intermediates. Generally, bridged diazenes are used to avoid competitive closure to MCPs and dimerization reactions. In combination with an alkenic acceptor, cyclization to either fused or bridged products takes place. Fused products are generally favored, unless th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In electronic spectroscopy, constructing a Deslandres table is a useful method to assign vibronic transitions. In such a table, the frequencies of the lines seen in an electronic spectrum of a molecule are collected so that the differences in energy between adjacent columns or rows are all the same (within experimental... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetsuo Nozoe was born on 16 May 1902 in Sendai to Juichi Nozoe, a lawyer and one-time member of the National Diet, and Toyo Nozoe. Tetsuo's family was Buddhist except of his mother who was a devout Christian. Tetsuo had three sisters and seven brothers, and he was the sixth child in the family. He started doing chemica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In electrochemistry, a thermogalvanic cell is a kind of galvanic cell in which heat is employed to provide electrical power directly. These cells are electrochemical cells in which the two electrodes are deliberately maintained at different temperatures. This temperature difference generates a potential difference betw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Today, many different types of technologies exist in which splice sites can be located and analyzed for more information. The [http://www.umd.be/HSF3/ Human Splicing Finder] is an online database stemming from the Human Genome Project data. The genome database identifies thousands of mutations related to medical and h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to the 20th century, drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HDS systems are not maintenance-intensive, when compared with land-based BMP’s. Each manufactured system is different, therefore maintenance and inspection requirements should be looked at closely when purchasing an HDS system. Vacuum trucks are typically used for maintenance, so unobstructed access to accumulated poll... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This branch of fluid dynamics augments the standard hydrodynamic equations with stochastic fluxes that model
thermal fluctuations.
As formulated by Landau and Lifshitz,
a white noise contribution obtained from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of statistical mechanics
is added to the viscous stress tensor and heat f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The carbon-phosphorus triple bond in phosphaalkynes represents an exception to the so-called "double bond rule", which would suggest that phosphorus tends not to form multiple bonds to carbon, and the nature of bonding within phosphaalkynes has therefore attracted much interest from synthetic and theoretical chemists. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A double-walled pipe is a secondary contained piping system. It is a pipe within a pipe, or encased in an outer covering, with an annulus (interstitial space) between the two diameters. The inner pipe is the primary or carrier pipe and the outer pipe is called the secondary or containment pipe. The great majority of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Factors other than straight pipe flow induce friction loss; these are known as "minor loss":
* Fittings, such as bends, couplings, valves, or transitions in hose or pipe diameter, or
* Objects intruded into the fluid flow.
For the purposes of calculating the total friction loss of a system, the sources of form friction... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As mentioned above, the CCE separates cells based on their sedimentation property but not specific features (e.g. surface protein, cell shape). It cannot separate different types of cells which have similar sedimentation properties. This means that previous purification needs to be done for mixed cell type sample. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When using RFLP, the theoretical risk of a coincidental match is 1 in 100 billion (100,000,000,000) although the practical risk is actually 1 in 1,000 because monozygotic twins are 0.2% of the human population. Moreover, the rate of laboratory error is almost certainly higher than that and actual laboratory procedures ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plain RNAs may be poor immunogens, but antibodies can easily be created against RNA-protein complexes. Many autoimmune diseases see these types of antibodies. There haven't yet been reports of antibodies against siRNA bound to proteins. Some methods for siRNA delivery adjoin polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the oligonucleo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The maximum pressure rating of a metering pump is actually the top of the discharge pressure range the pump is guaranteed to pump against at a reasonably controllable flow rate. The pump itself is a pressurizing device often capable of exceeding its pressure rating, although not guaranteed to. For this reason, if th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first nearly complete human genomes sequenced were two Americans of predominantly Northwestern European ancestry in 2007 (J. Craig Venter at 7.5-fold coverage, and James Watson at 7.4-fold). This was followed in 2008 by sequencing of an anonymous Han Chinese man (at 36-fold), a Yoruban man from Nigeria (at 30-fold)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a cell enters G1, Cyclin D- Cdk4/6 phosphorylates pRb at a single phosphorylation site. No progressive phosphorylation occurs because when HFF cells were exposed to sustained cyclin D- Cdk4/6 activity (and even deregulated activity) in early G1, only mono-phosphorylated pRb was detected. Furthermore, triple knocko... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the Malaprade reaction or Malaprade oxidation is a glycol cleavage reaction in which a vicinal diol is oxidized by periodic acid or a periodate salt to give the corresponding carbonyl functional groups. The reaction was first reported by Léon Malaprade in 1928. Amino alcohols are also cleaved.
In... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Partial molar properties satisfy relations analogous to those of the extensive properties. For the internal energy U, enthalpy H, Helmholtz free energy A, and Gibbs free energy G, the following hold:
where is the pressure, the volume, the temperature, and the entropy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As part of the remediation efforts to remove contamination from CFB Goose Bay, one of the waste dumps was transformed into an engineered wetland. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the two examples (on the right) the isoelectric point is shown by the green vertical line. In glycine the pK values are separated by nearly 7 units. Thus in the gas phase, the concentration of the neutral species, glycine (GlyH), is effectively 100% of the analytical glycine concentration. Glycine may exist as a zwi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In very general terms, the viscous stresses in a fluid are defined as those resulting from the relative velocity of different fluid particles. As such, the viscous stresses must depend on spatial gradients of the flow velocity. If the velocity gradients are small, then to a first approximation the viscous stresses depe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light. The term is generally applied to the non-protein chromophore moiety of photosensitive chromoproteins, such as the pigments involved in photosynthesis and photoreception. In medical terminology, "photopigment" commonly refers to t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Heat transfer fluids have distinct thermal and chemical properties which determine their suitability for various industrial applications. Key characteristics include:
* Thermal Stability: This refers to a fluids resistance to irreversible changes in its physical properties at varying temperatures. Fluids with high ther... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radial spokes are T-shaped structures present inside the axoneme. Each spoke consists of a "head" and a "stalk," while each of these sub-structures is itself made up of many protein subunits. In all, the radial spoke is known to contain at least seventeen proteins, five in the head and twelve in the stalk. The spoke st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The asymmetric cyanohydrin reaction of benzaldehyde with trimethylsilylcyanide is made possible by employment of (R)-Binol at 1–10% catalyst loading. This ligand firsts reacts with a lithium alkoxy compound to form a lithium binaphtholate Complex.
The chemist Urech in 1872 was the first to synthesize cyanohydrins from ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drainage systems have been found in ancient cities over 5,000 years old, including Minoan, Indus, Persian, and Mesopotamian civilizations. These drainage systems focused mostly on reducing nuisances from localized flooding and waste water. Rudimentary systems made from brick or stone channels constituted the extent of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In any clinical trial, the number of subjects, also called the sample size, has a large impact on the ability to reliably detect and measure the effects of the intervention. This ability is described as its "power", which must be calculated before initiating a study to figure out if the study is worth its costs. In gen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photosynthetic dinoflagellates contain membrane-bound light-harvesting complexes similar to those found in green plants. They additionally contain water-soluble protein-pigment complexes that exploit carotenoids such as peridinin to extend their photosynthetic capacity. Peridinin absorbs light in the blue-green wavelen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Filling a clean bottle with river water is a very simple task, but a single sample is only representative of that point along the river the sample was taken from and at that point in time. Understanding the chemistry of a whole river, or even a significant tributary, requires prior investigation to understand how homog... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In ultraviolet (UV) methods there is no visible color change but the principle is exactly the same, i.e. the measurement of a change in the absorbance of the solution. UV methods usually measure the difference in absorbance at 340 nm wavelength between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form (NADH)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to using TNP-ATP to determine whether a protein binds ATP, its binding affinity and dissociation constants, and number of binding sites, TNP-ATP can also be used in ligand binding studies. To do this, titrations of the protein are added to TNP-ATP. Then, ligand is added to displace the bound analog. This is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The used nowadays are spectroscopic flames and electrothermal atomizers. Other atomizers, such as glow-discharge atomization, hydride atomization, or cold-vapor atomization, might be used for special purposes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Australia and New Zealand published nutrient reference values including guidelines for dietary vitamin D intake in 2006. About a third of Australians have vitamin D deficiency. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
C3 carbon fixation is prone to photorespiration (PR) during dehydration, accumulating toxic glycolate products. In the 2000s scientists used computer simulation combined with an optimization algorithm to figure out what parts of the metabolic pathway may be tuned to improve photosynthesis. According to simulation, impr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The G equation has an exact expression for a simple slot burner. Consider a two-dimensional planar slot burner of slot width with a premixed reactant mixture is fed through the slot with constant velocity , where the coordinate is chosen such that lies at the center of the slot and lies at the location of the mouth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CSOs differ from sanitary sewer overflows in that the latter are caused by sewer system obstructions, damage, or flows in excess of sewer capacity (rather than treatment plant capacity.) Sanitary sewer overflows may occur at any low spot in the sewer system rather than at the CSO relief structures. Absence of a diversi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drospirenone is an antimineralocorticoid with potassium-sparing properties, though in most cases no increase of potassium levels is to be expected. In women with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, or in combination with chronic daily use of other potassium-sparing medications (ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II recep... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dexmedetomidine may be useful for the treatment of the negative cardiovascular effects of acute amphetamines and cocaine intoxication and overdose. Dexmedetomidine has also been used as an adjunct to neuroaxial anesthesia for lower limb procedures. It has been successfully used to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms.
In 2... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sodium molybdate supports the biosynthesis of molybdoenzymes, which are found in all higher forms of life. The LC50 for freshwater fish ranges from 60 to 7630 mg/L. The toxicity of soluble molybdate to marine organisms has also been reported. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polar substituent constants describe the way a substituent will influence a reaction through polar (inductive, field, and resonance) effects. To determine σ Taft studied the hydrolysis of methyl esters (RCOOMe). The use of ester hydrolysis rates to study polar effects was first suggested by Ingold in 1930. The hydro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Results from Foldit have been included in a number of scientific publications.
Foldit players have been cited collectively as "Foldit players" or "Players, F." in some cases. Individual players have also been listed as authors on at least one paper, and on four related Protein Data Bank depositions.
*An August 2010 pap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sialic acids are found at all cell surfaces of vertebrates and some invertebrates, and also at certain bacteria that interact with vertebrates.
Many viruses such as the Ad26 serotype of adenoviruses (Adenoviridae), rotaviruses (Reoviridae) and influenza viruses (Orthomyxoviridae) can use host-sialylated structures for ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
See the review of mechanical defenses by Lucas et al., 2000, which remains relevant and well regarded in the subject . Many plants have external structural defenses that discourage herbivory. Structural defenses can be described as morphological or physical traits that give the plant a fitness advantage by deterring he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Homonuclear C-C coupling is normally only observed in samples that are enriched with C. The range for one-bond J(C,C) is 50–130 Hz. Two-bond J(C,C) are near 10 Hz.
The trends in J(H,C) and J(C,C) are similar, except that J(H,C are smaller owing to the modest value of the C nuclear magnetic moment. Values for J(H,C) r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ashish Arora is an Indian structural biologist and a senior scientist at Central Drug Research Institute. He did his postgraduate studies at Rajasthan University and post-doctoral work at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, before joining the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioassay can be classified by how it is applied and how the response is recorded.
; Direct assay
: In a direct assay, the stimulus applied to the subject is specific and directly measurable, and the response to that stimulus is recorded. The variable of interest is the specific stimulus required to produce a response o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The environment, health and safety aspects of gallium arsenide sources (such as trimethylgallium and arsine) and industrial hygiene monitoring studies of metalorganic precursors have been reported. California lists gallium arsenide as a carcinogen, as do IARC and ECA, and it is considered a known carcinogen in animals.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enedithiols, with the exception of aromatic examples, are rare. The parent aromatic example is benzenedithiol. The dithiol of 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate is also known. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A single hydrogen atom can participate in two hydrogen bonds. This type of bonding is called "bifurcated" (split in two or "two-forked"). It can exist, for instance, in complex organic molecules. It has been suggested that a bifurcated hydrogen atom is an essential step in water reorientation.
Acceptor-type hydrogen bo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ADP/ATP translocase is very specifically inhibited by two families of compounds. The first family, which includes atractyloside (ATR) and carboxyatractyloside (CATR), binds to the ADP/ATP translocase from the cytoplasmic side, locking it in a cytoplasmic side open conformation. In contrast, the second family, which inc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Samples that change their properties after dilution may not be analyzed via static light scattering in terms of the simple model presented here as the Zimm equation. A more sophisticated analysis known as composition-gradient static (or multi-angle) light scattering (CG-SLS or CG-MALS) is an important class of methods ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Borda–Carnot equation is applied to the flow through a sudden expansion of a horizontal pipe. At cross section 1, the mean flow velocity is equal to v, the pressure is p and the cross-sectional area is A. The corresponding flow quantities at cross section 2 – well behind the expansion (and regions of separated flow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The precipitation of a second phase within the lattice of a material creates physical blockades through which a dislocation cannot pass. The result is that the dislocation must bend (which requires greater energy, or a greater stress to be applied) around the precipitates, which inevitably leaves residual dislocation l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water storage and distributed reservoirs are likely to displace people – a rehabilitation process that has attracted concern of sociologists and political groups. Further, the inter-link would create a path for aquatic ecosystems to be affected by movement of species from one river to another, which in turn may affect ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It has been shown that survivin can heterodimerize individually with the two splice variants Survivin-2B and survivin-deltaEx3. Evidence of the heterodimerization of survivin splice variants with survivin was shown with co-immunoprecipitation experiments after cotransfection with the respective survivin variants with s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using a single colloidal crystal, phonon dispersion of the normal modes of vibration modes were investigated using photon correlation spectroscopy, or dynamic light scattering. This technique relies on the relaxation or decay of concentration (or density) fluctuations. These are often associated with longitudinal modes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ethyl chloroformate is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the ethyl ester of chloroformic acid. It is a colorless, corrosive and highly toxic liquid. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis for the introduction of the ethyl carbamate protecting group and for the formation of carboxylic anhydrides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amino acids from ingested food (or produced from catabolism of muscle protein) that are used for the synthesis of proteins and other biological substances can be oxidized by the body as an alternative source of energy, yielding urea and carbon dioxide. The oxidation pathway starts with the removal of the amino group by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first type of photocyte granule has been found to contain between two and twelve microtubules. In addition, the matrix of the type I granule lacks a uniform shape or structure with ferritin distributed throughout. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1969 the DESIGN program was first offered on the University Computing Company (UCC) time sharing services. The DISTILL column program was merged into DESIGN to create DESIGN 2000 in 1975, and in 1984 – REFINE column and crude feeds program were merged into DESIGN 2000 to create DESIGN II. In 1991 the Windows user i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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