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Aerobic granules have been successfully used in real wastewater treatment and are relatively new technology. It was started in the 1990s with a mixture of microbial communities generated into wastewater using an aerobic sequencing batch reactor. Aerobic granules are different from AGS due to their microbial flocs. Aer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The word alchemy comes from old French alquemie, alkimie, used in Medieval Latin as . This name was itself adopted from the Arabic word (). The Arabic in turn was a borrowing of the Late Greek term khēmeía (), also spelled khumeia () and khēmía (), with al- being the Arabic definite article the. Together this associa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alexander C. Filippou (born 19 August 1958, Thessaloniki, Greece) has been a Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn since 2005. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Britain led the worlds Industrial Revolution with its early commitment to coal mining, steam power, textile mills, machinery, railways, and shipbuilding. Britains demand for iron and steel, combined with ample capital and energetic entrepreneurs, made it the world leader in the first half of the 19th century. Steel has... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term "redox" stands for reduction-oxidation. It refers to electrochemical processes involving electron transfer to or from a molecule or ion, changing its oxidation state. This reaction can occur through the application of an external voltage or through the release of chemical energy. Oxidation and reduction descri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The consequence of an electron transfer is the rearrangement of charges, and this greatly influences the solvent environment. For the dipolar solvent molecules rearrange in the direction of the field of the charges (this is called orientation polarisation), and also the atoms and electrons in the solvent molecules are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is not necessary that the embryo transfer be performed on the female who provided the eggs. Thus another female whose uterus is appropriately prepared can receive the embryo and become pregnant.
Embryo transfer may be used where a woman who has eggs but no uterus and wants to have a biological baby; she would requir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two hydrated bilayers experience strong repulsion as they approach each other. These forces have been measured using the Surface forces apparatus (S.F.A), an instrument used for measuring forces between surfaces. This repulsion was first proposed by Langmuir and was thought to arise due to water molecules that hydrate ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Halons are usually defined as hydrocarbons where the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by bromine, along with other halogens. They are referred to by a system of code numbers similar to (but simpler than) the system used for freons. The first digit specifies the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, the second is the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* the first wife - Raisa (died in 1906) - their marriage lasted 25 years.
* the second wife - Evgenia Kuzmina-Karavaeva, pianist - their marriage lasted 25 years.
**daughter Raisa Zelinskaya-Plate (1910-2001).
*the third wife - Nina Evgenievna Zhukovskaya-Bok, an artist - their marriage lasted 20 years.
**son Andrei (1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*"The Kalpa Sûtra" translated in English by Hermann Jacobi is published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers in Delhi in " The Sacred Books of the East" (Vol 22) (1989) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The role of the activators is primarily disruption and removal of the oxide layer on the metal surface (and also the molten solder), to facilitate direct contact between the molten solder and metal. The reaction product is usually soluble or at least dispersible in the molten vehicle. The activators are usually either ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All polymers (amorphous or semi-crystalline) go through glass transitions. The glass-transition temperature (T) is a crucial physical parameter for polymer manufacturing, processing, and use. Below T, molecular motions are frozen and polymers are brittle and glassy. Above T, molecular motions are activated and polymers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A muffle furnace or muffle oven (sometimes retort furnace in historical usage) is a furnace in which the subject material is isolated from the fuel and all of the products of combustion, including gases and flying ash. After the development of high-temperature heating elements and widespread electrification in develop... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Medicines Discovery Catapult (MDC) is the United Kingdom's catapult centre for medicine research and innovation, headquartered at Alderley Park in Cheshire. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The lithium metasilicate in the exposed regions of the glass can be etched by hydrofluoric acid (HF). This forms glass microstructures with a roughness in the range of 5 μm, resulting in a three-dimensional image of the mask to be produced. to 0.7 μm. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a phenomenon that is observed with certain organic luminophores (fluorescent dyes).
The photoemission efficiencies of most organic compounds is higher in solution than in the solid state. Photoemission from some organic compounds follows the reverse pattern, being greater in the s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This assay was patented in 2006 by Randall Nelson, Peter Williams and Jennifer Reeve Krone. The idea first came about with the development of ELISA and RIA. An earlier patent method suggested tagging antigens or antibodies with stable isotopes or long-lived radioactive elements. But limitations to both methods called f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Optimized configuration of pyroelectric sensors in optoelectronic technology. It has been shown that in the case of constant laser power, the response of the pyroelectric sensor would not depend on the spatial distribution of the intensity of the laser beam. Therefore, depending on the voltage model, the signal amplitu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkoxyaluminium hydrides are typically prepared by treatment of lithium aluminium hydride with the corresponding alcohol. Hydrogen evolution indicates the formation of alkoxyaluminium hydride products. Hindered hydrides such as lithium tri-(tert-butoxy)aluminium hydride (LTBA) are stable for long periods of time under ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Various techniques are available for strengthening concrete structures, to increase the load-carrying capacity or else to improve the in-service performance. These include increasing the concrete cross-section and adding material such as steel plate or fiber composites to enhance the tensile capacity or increase the co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrocyanation is an industrial method for producing nitriles from hydrogen cyanide and alkenes. The process requires homogeneous catalysts. An example of hydrocyanation is the production of adiponitrile, a precursor to nylon-6,6 from 1,3-butadiene: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since the Civil War, North Alabama became one of the countrys leading iron and steel manufacturers. The Birmingham District was particularly well positioned to be an iron-and-steel production centre in the southern United States. The development of Alabamas iron and steel industry was primarily stimulated by the abunda... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As shown in Scheme 1, the first steps in the synthesis created the bicyclo[5.3.1]undecane AB ring system of Taxol. Reaction of epoxide 1 with tert-butyllithium removed the acidic α-epoxide proton, leading to an elimination reaction and simultaneous ring-opening of the epoxide to give allylic alcohol 2. The allylic alco... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Rankine body, discovered by Scottish physicist and engineer Macquorn Rankine, is a feature of naval architecture involving the flow of liquid around a body/surface.
In fluid mechanics, a fluid flow pattern formed by combining a uniform stream with a source and a sink of equal strengths, with the line joining the so... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Modern chemical and petrochemical processing plants are complex systems containing many steps (often called unit operations) involved in producing one or more products from various raw materials. In order to control the many processes, for both improved product quality and operational safety, many measurements are made... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dry water or empty water, a form of "powdered liquid", is an air–water emulsion in which water droplets are surrounded by a silica coating. Dry water consists of 95% liquid water, but the silica coating prevents the water droplets from combining and turning back into a bulk liquid. The result is a white powder. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
; Water–rock–bacteria nanoscience
: Although by no means developed, nearly all aspects (both geo- and bioprocesses) of weathering, soil, and water–rock interaction science are inexorably linked to nanoscience. Within the Earth's near-surface, materials that are broken down, as well as materials that are produced, are o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxide dispersion strengthening is based on incoherency of the oxide particles within the lattice of the material. Coherent particles have a continuous lattice plane from the matrix to the particles whereas incoherent particles do not have this continuity and therefore both lattice planes end at the interface. This mism... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flutamide has been researched and used extensively in the treatment of androgen-dependent skin and hair conditions in women including acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and scalp hair loss, as well as in hyperandrogenism (e.g., in polycystic ovary syndrome or congenital adrenal hyperplasia), and is effective in improving the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For the bulk of carbonaceous adsorbents regeneration efficiency decreases over subsequent cycles as a result of pore blockages and damage to adsorption sites by the applied current. Decreases in regeneration efficiency are typically a further 2% per cycle. Current leading edge research focuses on developing adsorbents ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For steady generalized Beltrami flow, we have and since it is also planar we have . Introduce the stream function
Integration of gives . So, complete solution is possible if it satisfies all the following three equations
A special case is considered when the flow field has uniform vorticity . Wang (1991) gave the gen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elizabeth Kujawinski is an American oceanographer who is Senior Scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, where she works as Program Director of the Center for Chemical Currencies of a Microbial Planet. Her research considers analytical chemistry, chemical oceanography, microbiology and microbial ecology. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hyper-IL-6 has been used to test which cells depend on Interleukin-6 trans-signaling in their response to the cytokine Interleukin-6. To this end, cells were treated with Interleukin-6 and alternatively with Hyper-IL-6. Cells, which respond to Interleukin-6 alone do express an Interleukin-6 receptor whereas cells, whic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In September 2020, Morgan Boardman, an Industrial Fellow and Strategic Advisory Consultant with the Aspire Diamond Group at the South West Nuclear Hub of the University of Bristol, was appointed CEO of a new company called Arkenlight, which was created explicitly to commercialize their diamond battery technology and po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, stereospecificity is the property of a reaction mechanism that leads to different stereoisomeric reaction products from different stereoisomeric reactants, or which operates on only one (or a subset) of the stereoisomers.
In contrast, stereoselectivity is the property of a reactant mixture where a non-ste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RO removes both harmful contaminants and desirable minerals. Some studies report some relation between long-term health effects and consumption of water low on calcium and magnesium, although these studies are of low quality. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Decreased TOR activity has been found to increase life span in S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, and D. melanogaster. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has been confirmed to increase lifespan in mice.
It is hypothesized that some dietary regimes, like caloric restriction and methionine restriction, cause lifespan extension by decr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Single nucleotide polymorphism annotation (SNP annotation) is the process of predicting the effect or function of an individual SNP using SNP annotation tools. In SNP annotation the biological information is extracted, collected and displayed in a clear form amenable to query. SNP functional annotation is typically per... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine is a United Kingdom-based learned society dedicated to the practice and promotion of clinical biochemistry. It was founded in 1953 and its official journal is the Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. The association is a full, national society member of the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solar cell efficiency may be broken down into reflectance efficiency, thermodynamic efficiency, charge carrier separation efficiency and conductive efficiency. The overall efficiency is the product of these individual metrics.
The power conversion efficiency of a solar cell is a parameter which is defined by the fracti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the FDA approved prescribing information, levofloxacin is pregnancy category C. This designation indicates that animal reproduction studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but the potential benefit to the mother may in some cases outw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In implicit scheme, the temperature is dependent at the new time level . After using implicit scheme, it was found that all coefficients are positive. It makes the implicit scheme unconditionally stable for any size of time step. This scheme is preferred for general purpose transient calculations because of its robustn... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From Bjerrum plots, it is found that a decrease in the salinity of an aqueous fluid will act to increase the value of the carbon dioxide-carbonate system equilibrium constants, (pK*). This means that the relative proportion of carbonate with respect to carbon dioxide is higher in more saline fluids, e.g. seawater, than... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Humans have a deeply rooted history of not only being aware of toxicity, but also taking advantage of it as a tool. Archaeologists studying bone arrows from caves of Southern Africa have noted the likelihood that some aging 72,000 to 80,000 years old were dipped in specially prepared poisons to increase their lethality... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphoryl transfer only occurs on closing of the open lid. This causes an exclusion of water molecules that brings the substrates in proximity to each other, lowering the energy barrier for the nucleophilic attack by the α-phosphoryl of AMP on the γ-phosphoryl group of ATP resulting in formation of ADP by transfer of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Maharram Əli oğlu Mammadyarov (; 17 October 1924 – 2 January 2022) was an Azerbaijani scientist, doctor of chemistry, real member of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Various methods are used to prevent and protect against corrosion, such as cathodic protection, selection and injection of chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors or other ways to prevent corrosion. However, in order to see the results of these methods and how effective these measures are, corrosion monitoring should b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several types of flowmeter that rely on Bernoulli's principle. The pressure is measured either by using laminar plates, an orifice, a nozzle, or a Venturi tube to create an artificial constriction and then measure the pressure loss of fluids as they pass that constriction, or by measuring static and stagnatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider the axisymmetric flow in cylindrical coordinate system with velocity components and vorticity components . Since in axisymmetric flows, the vorticity components are
Continuity equation allows to define a stream function such that
(Note that the vorticity components and are related to in exactly the sam... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ultraviolet light can be generated by some light-emitting diodes, but wavelengths shorter than 380 nm are uncommon, and the emission peaks are broad, so only the very lowest energy UV photons are emitted, within predominant not visible light. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* River Dee, Wales and England
* River Mersey. The second highest tidal bore after the Severn bore, up to high. The bore tends to form around the Manchester Ship Canal.
* The Severn bore on the River Severn, Wales and England, up to high
* The Trent Aegir on the River Trent, England, up to high. Also other tributari... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Jan Anderson (Ph.D. 1959 Chemistry) - investigation of photosynthesis
*Frances Arnold (Ph.D. 1985 Chemical Engineering) - Nobel laureate (2018)
*Thomas Cech (Ph.D. 1975 Chemistry) - Nobel laureate (1989)
*Robert F. Curl, Jr. (Ph.D. 1957 Chemistry) - Nobel laureate (1996)
*Henry Eyring - (Ph.D. 1927 Chemistry) - Nation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Various combinations of the driving force and moving phase determine various electrokinetic effects. According to J.Lyklema, the complete family of electrokinetic phenomena includes:
* electrophoresis, as motion of charged particles under influence of electric field;
* electro-osmosis, as motion of liquid in porous bod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, molecular Borromean rings are an example of a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture in which three macrocycles are interlocked in such a way that breaking any macrocycle allows the others to dissociate. They are the smallest examples of Borromean rings. The synthesis of molecular Borromean rin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solvents can be broadly classified into two categories: polar and non-polar. A special case is elemental mercury, whose solutions are known as amalgams; also, other metal solutions exist which are liquid at room temperature.
Generally, the dielectric constant of the solvent provides a rough measure of a solvent's polar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many azo pigments are non-toxic, although some, such as dinitroaniline orange, ortho-nitroaniline orange, or pigment orange 1, 2, and 5 have been found to be mutagenic. Likewise, several case studies have linked azo pigments with basal cell carcinoma. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Cartesian coordinates the 3 basis vectors are represented by a cell tensor :
The volume of the unit cell, , is given by the determinant of the cell tensor:
For the special case of a cubic, tetragonal, or orthorhombic cell, the matrix is diagonal, and we have that: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The equilibrium reaction involving diamond is
Examining the oxygen fugacity of the upper mantle and transition enables us to compare it with the conditions (equilibrium reaction shown above) required for diamond formation. The results show that the is usually 2 units lower than the carbonate-carbon reaction which mean... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ligands can be decomplexed by displacement with another ligand, e.g., a highly basic ligand or the use of high pressures of carbon monoxide. Arenes are liberated from (arene)Cr(CO) with pyridine:
:(arene)Cr(CO) + 3 CHN → Cr(CO)(NCH) + arene
In this case Cr(CO)(pyridine) can be recycled. Illustrative of this... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He has published over 222 papers (200 indexed publications) coedited four books, 9 book chapters and 3 patents. H impact factor= 41 (Web of Science), H= 42 Scopus and H= 48 (Google Scholar) with more 7460 citations in Google. He has created three patents with the Chilean Navy on electrode materials for energy conversio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyrite (FeS) is a mineral formed by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide (HS) and bioreactive iron (Fe). In oxic bottom waters pyrite can only form in sediments where HS is present. However, in iron-rich euxinic environments, pyrite formation can occur at higher rates in both the water column and in sediments due to higher... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A magic pipe is a surreptitious change to a ship's oily water separator (OWS), or other waste-handing equipment, which allows waste liquids to be discharged in contravention of maritime pollution regulations. Such equipment alterations may allow hundreds of thousands of gallons of contaminated water to be discharged un... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Observations of an extracellularly secreted glucosyltransferase (gtfG) sequentially proximal to and activated by an rgg gene with inverted repeats in the intergenic region of Streptococcus gordonii served as a basis for studying its homology between Streptococcus pyogenes. It was discovered that S. pyogenes also shared... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prp24 has a molecular weight of 50 kDa and has been shown to contain four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and a conserved 12-amino acid sequence at the C-terminus. RRMs 1 and 2 have been shown to be important for high-affinity binding of U6, while RRMs 3 and 4 bind at lower affinity sites on U6. The first three RRMs int... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the energy difference between coplanar anisole and its isomer is quite large, the rotation between the O–CH bond becomes favorable when the electronic properties of methoxy group on aromatic rings need to be altered to stabilize an unusual intermediate or a transition state. In the following reaction, the regi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In quantum mechanical processes, the total number of particles may not be preserved. The concept is therefore generalized to the particle number operator, that is, the observable that counts the number of constituent particles. In quantum field theory, the particle number operator (see Fock state) is conjugate to the p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Intermolecular forces govern the particle interaction in self-assembled systems. The forces tend to be intermolecular in type rather than ionic or covalent because ionic or covalent bonds will “lock” the assembly into non-equilibrium structures. The types intermolecular forces seen in self-assembly processes are van de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Monosaccharides which contain an aldehyde group are known as aldoses, and those with a ketone group are known as ketoses. The aldehyde can be oxidized via a redox reaction in which another compound is reduced. Thus, aldoses are reducing sugars. Sugars with ketone groups in their open chain form are capable of isomerizi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The class IA phospholipid kinase, PI-3 kinase, is activated by the majority of RTKs. Similarly to other SH2 domain-containing proteins, PI-3 kinase forms a complex with PY sites on activated receptors. The main function of PI3K activation is the generation of PIP3, which functions as a second messenger to activate down... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 1593 – Galileo Galilei invents one of the first thermoscopes, also known as Galileo thermometer
* 1650 – Otto von Guericke builds the first vacuum pump
* 1660 – Robert Boyle experimentally discovers Boyle's Law, relating the pressure and volume of a gas (published 1662)
* 1665 – Robert Hooke published his book Microg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Concerns over the resistance to the freeze-thaw cycle have limited the use of pervious concrete in cold weather environments. The rate of freezing in most applications is dictated by the local climate. Entrained air may help protect the paste as it does in regular concrete. The addition of a small amount of fine aggreg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Norethisterone acetate (NETA), also known as norethindrone acetate and sold under the brand name Primolut-Nor among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders. The medication available in low-dose and high-dose for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The relative entropy was introduced by Solomon Kullback and Richard Leibler in as "the mean information for discrimination between and per observation from ", where one is comparing two probability measures , and are the hypotheses that one is selecting from measure (respectively). They denoted this by , and defin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* ISO 15519-1:2010(en): Specification for diagrams for process industry — Part 1: General rules
* ISO 15519-2:2015(en): Specifications for diagrams for process industry — Part 2: Measurement and control
* ISO 10628-1:2014(en): Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry — Part 1: Specification of diagrams
* IS... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ball bearing). Spalling and spallation both describe the process of surface fai... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most diseases are heterogeneous in cause, meaning that one "disease" is often many different diseases at the molecular level, though symptoms exhibited and response to treatment may be identical. How diseases of different molecular origin respond to treatments is partially addressed in the discipline of pharmacogenomi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Disulfide bonds play an important protective role for bacteria as a reversible switch that turns a protein on or off when bacterial cells are exposed to oxidation reactions. Hydrogen peroxide (HO) in particular could severely damage DNA and kill the bacterium at low concentrations if not for the protective action of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Visiting professor: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 1972; Energy Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, 1979; University of Strasbourg, France, 1990; University of Leuven, Belgium, 1991; University of Bordeaux, France, 1994. Chairman: Gruppo Italiano di Fotochimica (1982–1986), Europ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
British physician George Oliver and physiologist Edward Albert Schäfer, professor at University College London, collaborated on the physiological effects of adrenal extracts. They first published their findings in two reports in 1894, a full publication followed in 1895. Though frequently falsely attributed to secretin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because the Edman degradation proceeds from the N-terminus of the protein, it will not work if the N-terminus has been chemically modified (e.g. by acetylation or formation of pyroglutamic acid). Sequencing will stop if a non-α-amino acid is encountered (e.g. isoaspartic acid), since the favored five-membered ring inte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lersivirine belongs to the pyrazole family and is another next generation NNRTI in clinical trials developed by the pharmaceutical company ViiV Healthcare. The resistance profile is similar to that of other next generation NNRTIs. In the end of 2009 lersivirine was in phase IIb. In February 2013, ViiV Healthcare announ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are three types of glycosylation disorders sorted by the type of alterations that are made to the glycosylation process: congenital alterations, acquired alterations and non-enzymatic acquired alterations.
* Congenital alterations: Over 40 congenital disorders of glycosylation (CGDs) have been reported in humans.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Single-layer blue phosphorus was first produced in 2016 by the method of molecular beam epitaxy from black phosphorus as precursor. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sucrose of fatty acid esters (E 473) is used for surface treatment of some climacteric fruits such as peaches, pears, cherries, apples, bananas, etc. E473 is allowed for application on fruit surfaces in the EU at whatever level is needed to achieve a technical effect (‘quantum satis’) and has limited allowance in the U... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Axungia is a kind of soft animal fat, usually from around the kidneys of geese or pigs, used in pre-modern western medicine. It differs from lard, which is firm, and suet or adeps, which is dry.
The ancient Romans distinguished fat into pinguedo or axungia, and adeps or sebum; but writers often interchange the terms.
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The thicknesses of SAMs can be measured using ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which also give information on interfacial properties. The order in the SAM and orientation of molecules can be probed by Near Edge Xray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electron current is inherent to microbial metabolism. Microorganisms transfer electrons from an electron donor (lower potential species) to an electron acceptor (higher potential species). If the electron acceptor is an external ion or molecule, the process is called respiration. If the process is internal, electron tr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protein adsorption is a process that has a fundamental role in the field of biomaterials. Indeed, biomaterial surfaces in contact with biological media, such as blood or serum, are immediately coated by proteins. Therefore, living cells do not interact directly with the biomaterial surface, but with the adsorbed protei... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In supramolecular chemistry, host–guest chemistry describes complexes that are composed of two or more molecules or ions that are held together in unique structural relationships by forces other than those of full covalent bonds. Host–guest chemistry encompasses the idea of molecular recognition and interactions throug... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The stagnation point flow corresponds to a linear dependence on the coordinates, that can be described in the Cartesian coordinates with velocity components as follows
where are constants referred as the strain rates; these constants are not completely arbitrary since the continuity equation requires , that is to sa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* when the electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms is very small (as in HPO). Two almost equivalent pairs of oxidation states, arbitrarily chosen, are obtained for these atoms.
* when an electronegative p-block atom forms solely homonuclear bonds, the number of which differs from the number of two-electro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One can determine indirectly (via its relation with the structure factor ) using neutron scattering or x-ray scattering data. The technique can be used at very short length scales (down to the atomic level) but involves significant space and time averaging (over the sample size and the acquisition time, respectively).... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A compound containing the epoxide functional group can be called an epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline. Simple epoxides are often referred to as oxides. Thus, the epoxide of ethylene (CH) is ethylene oxide (CHO). Many compounds have trivial names; for instance, ethylene oxide is called "oxirane". Some names emp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Widespread interest and funding for research on regenerative medicine has prompted institutions in the United States and around the world to establish departments and research institutes that specialize in regenerative medicine including: The Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine at Columbia University... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 4.569. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neurturin signaling is mediated by the activation of a multi-component receptor system including the ret tyrosine kinase (RET), a cell-surface bound GDNF family receptor-α (GFRα) protein, and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein. Neurturin preferentially binds to the GFRα2 co-receptor. Upon assembly of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although there are many types of water masses, they all share characteristics. Water Masses are formed from regions of water having different temperatures. When ice is being formed in a cold climate like Antarctica, the cold temperatures separate the molecular bonds of the water causing it to become less dense. However... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A simple substance (like water) may exist in equilibrium with its thermal decomposition products, effectively halting the decomposition. The equilibrium fraction of decomposed molecules increases with the temperature.
Since thermal decomposition is a kinetic process, the observed temperature of its beginning in most in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The conformation of any polymer is affected by a number of factors, notably the polymer architecture and the solvent affinity. In the case of polyelectrolytes, charge also has an effect. Whereas an uncharged linear polymer chain is usually found in a random conformation in solution (closely approximating a self-avoidin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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