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In chemistry, biochemistry and environmental sciences, deuterium is used as a non-radioactive, stable isotopic tracer, for example, in the doubly labeled water test. In chemical reactions and metabolic pathways, deuterium behaves somewhat similarly to ordinary hydrogen (with a few chemical differences, as noted). It ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal complexes containing only nitrosyl ligands are called isoleptic nitrosyls. They are rare, the premier member being Cr(NO). Even trinitrosyl complexes are uncommon, whereas polycarbonyl complexes are routine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The recommendations describe three ways of assigning "parent" names to homonuclear monocyclic hydrides (i.e single rings consisting of one element):
* the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature (the method preferred for rings of size 3–10)
* "skeletal replacement nomenclature"—specifying the replacement of carbon atoms in the co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By modifying the amino acid sequence of sunflower trypsin inhibitor, more specifically, sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1), researchers have been able to develop synthetic serine protease inhibitors that have specificity and improved inhibitory activity towards certain serine proteases that are found in the human b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A major breakthrough that allowed the large scale manufacture of fluorocarbons was the Fowler process. In this process, cobalt trifluoride is used as the source of fluorine. Illustrative is the synthesis of perfluorohexane:
The resulting cobalt difluoride is then regenerated, sometimes in a separate reactor:
Industrial... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conventional measurement of the EQE will give the efficiency of the overall device. However it is often useful to have a map of the EQE over large area of the device. This mapping provides an efficient way to visualize the homogeneity and/or the defects in the sample. It was realized by researchers from the Institute o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The potential HCV resistance against DAA drugs is a concern. Among the HCV quasispecies there are pre-existing variants with the potential to confer resistance to NS5A inhibitors without having any previous exposure to those drugs. Generally, the replication of these variants happens only in minute quantities, making t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
QR is synthesized by a condensation reaction between the methyl group of 1-ethyl-2-methylquinolinium iodide and the carbonyl of para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since its introduction in 1977, Northern blot has been used extensively for RNA quantification despite its shortcomings: (a) time-consuming technique, (b) requires a large quantity of RNA for detection, and (c) quantitatively inaccurate in the low abundance of RNA content. However, since PCR was invented by Kary Mullis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The amplitude of oscillation is also an important parameter for the stall behaviour of an airfoil. With a larger oscillating angle, deep dynamic stall tends to occur. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When insulin binds to the cell's receptor, it results in negative feedback by limiting or stopping some other actions in the cell. It inhibits the release and production of glucose from the cells which is an important part in reducing the glucose blood level. Insulin will also inhibit the breakdown of glycogen into glu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the first companies to begin experimenting with hair cloning was Intercytex. Researchers at the company were convinced that their approach was the cure for baldness, and if the technology is fully developed, they can basically eliminate hair loss due to hereditary factors. This therapy would also eliminate the n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two-metal dual activation represents the combination of the enolate activation mode and the alkyne activation mode into a single reaction system. Generally, a hard, oxophilic metal (K, Na, Ag) activates the enolate oxygen, while a soft, carbophilic metal (Pd, Cu, Mo) coordinates with the alkyne. In some instances, howe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Armodafinil is currently FDA-approved to treat excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and shift work disorder. It is commonly used off-label to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, and major depressive disorder, and has been repurposed as a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Curtin–Hammett principle has been invoked to explain selectivity in a variety of synthetic pathways. One example is observed en route to the antitumor antibiotic AT2433-A1, in which a Mannich-type cyclization proceeds with excellent regioselectivity. Studies demonstrate that the cyclization step is irreversible in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cellular level of β-catenin is mostly controlled by its ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TrCP1 (also known as β-TrCP) can recognize β-catenin as its substrate through a short linear motif on the disordered N-terminus. However, this motif (Asp-Ser-Gly-Ile-His-Ser) of β-catenin need... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is a DNA amplification technique. This method can rapidly amplify minute amounts of DNA samples to a reasonable quantity for genomic analysis. The reaction starts by annealing random hexamer primers to the template: DNA synthesis is carried out by a high fidelity enzyme, prefer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Though there are many methods to detect protein–protein interactions, the majority of these methods—such as co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and dual polarisation interferometry—are not screening approaches. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, chlorins are tetrapyrrole pigments that are partially hydrogenated porphyrins. The parent chlorin is an unstable compound which undergoes air oxidation to porphine. The name chlorin derives from chlorophyll. Chlorophylls are magnesium-containing chlorins and occur as photosynthetic pigments in ch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ARC design incorporates major departures from traditional tokamaks, while retaining conventional D–T (deuterium - tritium) fuel. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mercury beating heart was first observed in the year 1800 by Alessandro Volta and William Henry. The chemical phenomenon in the form best known today was first described by German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, the discoverer of caffeine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anion and π–aromatic systems (typically electron-deficient) create an interaction that is associated with the repulsive forces of the structures. These repulsive forces involve electrostatic and anion-induced polarized interactions. This force allows for the systems to be used as receptors and channels in supramolecula... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The isotope Zr has been applied to the tracking and quantification of molecular antibodies with PET cameras (a method called "immuno-PET").
The biological half-life of antibodies is typically on the order of days, see daclizumab and erenumab by way of example. To visualize and quantify the distribution of such antibodi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For 18th-century discoveries, around the time that Antoine Lavoisier first questioned the phlogiston theory, the recognition of a new "earth" has been regarded as being equivalent to the discovery of a new element (as was the general practice then). For some elements (e.g. Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Zr, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Isaaks, Edward H., and Srivastava, R. Mohan. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, NY, USA, 1989.
*David, M., Handbook of Applied Advanced Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988.
*Mineral Processing Plant Design, Practice, and Control - Proceedings. Ed.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are a variety of ethical positions regarding the possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning. While many of these views are religious in origin, the questions raised by cloning are faced by secular perspectives as well. Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) was an international research programme on the fluxes of carbon between the atmosphere and ocean, and within the ocean interior. Initiated by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), the programme ran from 1987 through to 2003, and became one of the early core proje... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoscale allows for the preparation of quantum systems in physical states without classical analogs. There, complex out-of-equilibrium scenarios may be produced by the initial preparation of either the working substance or the reservoirs of quantum particles, the latter dubbed as "engineered reservoirs". There are dif... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The open and closed conformations refer to the state of the DNA and whether the template strand has been separated from the non-template strand within the PIC. The place at which the DNA opens to form the bubble lies above a tunnel that is lined by the B-core, B-linker and B-reader as well as parts of RNA polymerase II... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Regional Scale Nodes (RSN) is a component of the National Science Foundations (NSFs) Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). The NSF's OOI is managed and coordinated by the OOI Project Office at the [http://www.oceanleadership.org Consortium for Ocean Leadership] (COL) in Washington, D.C. The UW, located in Seattle,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wilkinson was born at Springside, Todmorden, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His father, Henry Wilkinson, was a master house painter and decorator; his mother, Ruth, worked in a local cotton mill. One of his uncles, an organist and choirmaster, had married into a family that owned a small chemical company making Epsom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because many Archaea have adapted to life in extreme environments such as polar regions, hot springs, acidic springs, alkaline springs, salt lakes, and the high pressure of deep ocean water, they possess enzymes that are functional under quite unusual conditions. These enzymes are of potential use in the food, chemica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Coulomb barrier, named after Coulomb's law, which is in turn named after physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, is the energy barrier due to electrostatic interaction that two nuclei need to overcome so they can get close enough to undergo a nuclear reaction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Capital expenditure is comparable with the annual operational cost of conventional bioremediation systems.
* Can be developed and operated in combination with conventional systems to improve the performance of the latter.
* Reduce the ecotoxicity of the man-made substances released into the water bodies and facilitat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dyakonov surface waves (DSWs) are surface electromagnetic waves that travel along the interface in between an isotropic and an uniaxial-birefringent medium. They were theoretically predicted in 1988 by the Russian physicist Mikhail Dyakonov. Unlike other types of acoustic and electromagnetic surface waves, the DSW's ex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Meta-analyses found that increased perceived psychological stress was associated with a small decrease in telomere length—but that these associations attenuate to no significant association when accounting for publication bias. The literature concerning telomeres as integrative biomarkers of exposure to stress an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the jump method, the top cylinder is mounted to a pair of cantilever springs, while the bottom cylinder is brought up towards the top cylinder. While the bottom cylinder approaches the top, there comes a point when they will "jump" into contact with each other. The measurements, in this case, are based on the distan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vorticity for Stokes flow satisfies to the vorticity equation
or in terms of the Fourier coefficients in the expansion by polar angle
where
From no-slip condition follows
Finally, integrating by parts, we obtain the Robin boundary condition for the vorticity:
Then the solution of the boundary-value problem can be ex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The polymer-supported synthesis of β-mannosides based on the Crich’s protocol has also been studied in the same laboratories. As shown in Scheme 4, diol 17 was first reacted with polystyrylboronic acid (18) to offer the bound donor 19, in which 4,6-O-phenylboronates served as the torsionally disarming protecting group.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A river mouth is where a river flows into a larger body of water, such as another river, a lake/reservoir, a bay/gulf, a sea, or an ocean. At the river mouth, sediments are often deposited due to the slowing of the current, reducing the carrying capacity of the water.
The water from a river can enter the receiving body... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Arginase is a binuclear manganese metalloprotein that catalyses the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. It is also regarded as a drug target for the treatment of asthma. The mechanism of hydrolysis of L-arginine is carried out via nucleophilic attack on the guanidino group by water, forming a tetrahedral... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The advantages of this method include good separation of large molecules from the small molecules with a minimal volume of eluate, and that various solutions can be applied without interfering with the filtration process, all while preserving the biological activity of the particles to separate. The technique is genera... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Κ-casein labeled with the fluorochrome fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to yield the fluorescein thiocarbamoyl (FTC) derivative. This substrate is used to determinate the milk clotting activity of proteases.
FTC-κ-casein method affords accurate and precise determinations of κ-caseinolytic degradation, the first step i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphites are oxidized to phosphate esters:
:P(OR) + [O] → OP(OR)
This reaction underpins the commercial use of some phosphite esters as stabilizers in polymers.
Alkyl phosphite esters are used in the Perkow reaction for the formation of vinyl phosphonates, and in the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction to form phosphonates. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Helium-4 is a liquid at normal pressure near absolute zero, a consequence of its high zero-point energy (ZPE). The ZPE of protons in a dense state is also high, and a decline in the ordering energy (relative to the ZPE) is expected at high pressures. Arguments have been advanced by Neil Ashcroft and others that there i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supermicelle is a hierarchical micelle structure (supramolecular assembly) where individual components are also micelles. Supermicelles are formed via bottom-up chemical approaches, such as self-assembly of long cylindrical micelles into radial cross-, star- or dandelion-like patterns in a specially selected solvent; s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The form of the Kelvin equation here is not the form in which it appeared in Lord Kelvins article of 1871. The derivation of the form that appears in this article from Kelvins original equation was presented by Robert von Helmholtz (son of German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz) in his dissertation of 1885. In 2020, r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Free fatty acids cannot penetrate any biological membrane due to their negative charge. Free fatty acids must cross the cell membrane through specific transport proteins, such as the SLC27 family fatty acid transport protein. Once in the cytosol, the following processes bring fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Levetiracetam has been studied in the past for treating symptoms of neurobiological conditions such as Tourette syndrome, and anxiety disorder. However, its most serious adverse effects are behavioral, and its benefit-risk ratio in these conditions is not well understood.
Levetiracetam is being tested as a drug to redu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the aggregates can explain much of the protein fouling found in milk processing, this does not account for it all. A third type of fouling has been discovered that is explained by the chemical interactions of the denatured β-lg proteins.
β-lg contains 5 cysteine residues, four of which are covalently bonded to e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was done in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher. DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA from the cells of an organism isolated from a sample, typically a biological sample such as blood, saliva, or tissue. It involves breaking open the cells, removing proteins and othe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Affinity electrophoresis is a general name for many analytical methods used in biochemistry and biotechnology. Both qualitative and quantitative information may be obtained through affinity electrophoresis. Cross electrophoresis, the first affinity electrophoresis method, was created by Nakamura et al. Enzyme-substrate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ultraviolet detector (also known as UV detector or UV-Vis detector) is a type of non-destructive chromatography detector which measures the amount of ultraviolet or visible light absorbed by components of the mixture being eluted off the chromatography column. They are often used as detectors for high-performance li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Gyftopoulos, E.P., & Beretta, G.P. (1991). Thermodynamics: foundations and applications. (Dover Publications)
* Hatsopoulos, G.N., & Keenan, J.H. (1981). Principles of general thermodynamics. RE Krieger Publishing Company. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a crystalline material that contains atoms with uncompensated electron spins is cooled down, ordering of these spins generally occurs once the thermal energy is small enough not to overrule the interactions between neighboring spins. If the ordering does not exhibit the same symmetry as the original unit cell of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Its crystal structure has the tetragonal space group P4/nmm, which is a distorted version of the NHCl crystal structure; the unit cell has approximate dimensions 634×634×462 pm. The hydrogen bonding in the system causes the cations to orient such that the hydrogen atoms point toward the anions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In November 1945, Smolková-Keulemansová's dream to return to Prague and continue her studies became a reality. She completed grammar school and realized that her biggest struggle in her supplementary exams was chemistry, so she began to study chemistry at Charles University in Prague, leading to her lifelong devotion a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Animals that commonly cause injury to plants include pests such as insects, mites, and nematodes. These variously bite or abrade plant parts such as leaves, stems, and roots, or as is common among the true bugs, pierce the plants surface and suck plant juices. The resulting injuries may admit plant pathogens such as ba... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most standard HIV drug therapies revolve around inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme (RT), an enzyme that is necessary to the HIV-1 virus and other retroviruses to complete their life cycle. The RT enzyme serves two key functions. First, it controls the replication of the viruses genetic material via its polymer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HPTLC finds extensive application in various fields, including pharmaceutical industries, clinical chemistry, forensic chemistry, biochemistry, cosmetology, food and drug analysis, environmental analysis, and more, owing to its numerous advantages. It distinguishes itself by being the only chromatographic method capabl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus, the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled (umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alvero-Al Mahdi began her career at first in Manila as a trainee of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. She helped in reviving a biologically dead river called Pasig. After six months of finishing up her work on Pasig, she took on the job at Galadari Hoshiery Mills, a textile factory in the United Arab... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The typical EDI installation has the following components: electrodes, anion exchange membranes, cation exchange membranes, and resin. The simplest configurations comprise three compartments. To increase production intensity or efficiency, the number of compartments or cells can be increased as desired.
Once the system... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Emerging methods of drug delivery involving nanotechnological methods can be useful by improving bodily response, specific targeting, and non-toxic metabolism. Many nanotechnological methods and materials can be functionalized for drug delivery. Ideal materials employ a controlled-activation nanomaterial to carry a dru... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ICOS consists of a network of standardized, long-term, high-precision integrated monitoring of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes. The infrastructure integrates terrestrial and atmospheric observations at various sites into a single, coherent, highly precise dataset. This data allows a unique regional... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanofoams are a class of nanostructured, porous materials (foams) containing a significant population of pores with diameters less than 100 nm. Aerogels are one example of nanofoam. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In non-contact atomic force microscopy mode, the tip of the cantilever does not contact the sample surface. The cantilever is instead oscillated at either its resonant frequency (frequency modulation) or just above (amplitude modulation) where the amplitude of oscillation is typically a few nanometers (<10 nm) down to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation involve the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and doe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Quantum mechanics uses the word degenerate in two ways: degenerate energy levels and as the low temperature ground state limit for states of matter. The electron degeneracy pressure occurs in the ground state systems which are non-degenerate in energy levels. The term "degeneracy" derives from work on the specific heat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
12-Crown-4 can be synthesized using a modified Williamson ether synthesis, using LiClO as a templating cation:
: (CHOCHCHCl) + (CHOH) + 2 NaOH → (CHCHO) + 2 NaCl + 2 HO
It also forms from the cyclic oligomerization of ethylene oxide in the presence of gaseous boron trifluoride. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many documented cases, dextromethorphan has produced psychological dependence in people who used it recreationally. It is considered less addictive than other common cough suppressants, such as the weak opiate codeine. Since dextromethorphan also acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, users report that regular recr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Silicon-infiltrated carbon-carbon composite is used for high performance "ceramic" brake disks, as they are able to withstand extreme temperatures. The silicon reacts with the graphite in the carbon-carbon composite to become carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC). These brake disks are used on some road-going... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lightfastness is a property of a colourant such as dye or pigment that describes its resistance to fading when exposed to light. Dyes and pigments are used for example for dyeing of fabrics, plastics or other materials and manufacturing paints or printing inks.
The bleaching of the color is caused by the impact of ultr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sit was born in 1941 and attended Tanjong Katong Girls' School. She studied science at the National University of Singapore and obtained first-class honours when she graduated top of her class. She obtained her PhD in biochemistry from McGill University. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
You can find different kinds of food services in and around the campus.
- Restaurant universitaire (RU): this is the place where the majority of the students come every day. The choice is between three different main courses: todays special, worlds dish, and the grill. Patrons can also take a starter and a dessert, th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Often, reactivity and reaction mechanisms are pictured as the behavior of isolated molecules in which the solvent is treated as a passive support. However, the nature of the solvent can actually influence reaction rates and order of a chemical reaction.
Performing a reaction without solvent can affect reaction-rate fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
His main research have been on tumor suppressor hDlg which includes an in-depth characterization of the combinations of hDlg isoforms present in multiple tissues and cell lines to correlate the presence of specific alternatively spliced insertions with a specific function of this tumor suppressor. He also studies the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Laurie Ellen Locascio (born November 21, 1961) is an American biomedical engineer, analytical chemist, and former academic administrator serving as the under secretary of commerce for standards and technology and the director of National Institute of Standards and Technology. From 2017 to 2021, Locascio was vice presid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chimpanzees emit alarm calls in response to predators, such as leopards and snakes. They produce three types of alarm calls: acoustically-variable hoos, barks, and SOS screams. Alarm signalling is impacted by receiver knowledge and caller age, can be coupled with receiver monitoring, and is important to the understandi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 4.2. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The statistical analysis of the large quantity of data generated from sequencing approaches is a challenge. Even by only sequencing the exomes of individuals, a large quantity of data and sequence information is generated which requires a significant amount of data analysis. Challenges associated with the analysis of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Of the 80 elements with a stable isotope, the largest number of stable isotopes observed for any element is ten (for the element tin). No element has nine or eight stable isotopes. Five elements have seven stable isotopes, eight have six stable isotopes, ten have five stable isotopes, nine have four stable isotopes, fi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure, and secondary structure which is present in their native state, by application of some external stress or compound, such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic so... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As stated, the quadratic Stark effect is described by second-order perturbation theory. The zeroth-order eigenproblem
is assumed to be solved. The perturbation theory gives
with the components of the polarizability tensor α defined by
The energy E gives the quadratic Stark effect.
Neglecting the hyperfine structure (wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ketamine is a widely used anaesthetic agent. It is a chiral molecule that is administered as a racemate. Studies show that (S)-(+)-ketamine is the active anaesthetic and the undesired side-effects (hallucination and agitation) reside in the distomer, (R)-(-)-ketamine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquid forms drops because it exhibits surface tension.
A simple way to form a drop is to allow liquid to flow slowly from the lower end of a vertical tube of small diameter. The surface tension of the liquid causes the liquid to hang from the tube, forming a pendant. When the drop exceeds a certain size it is no longe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ideal chain (or freely-jointed chain) is the simplest model in polymer chemistry to describe polymers, such as nucleic acids and proteins. It assumes that the monomers in a polymer are located at the steps of a hypothetical random walker that does not remember its previous steps. By neglecting interactions among mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mao completed her BSc in chemistry from Nanjing University in 1988 and obtained her PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1994. She then completed her postdoctoral fellowship at the same institution in 1995. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paucimannosidic glycans form the main component of the N-glycome of insects such as Drosophila melanogaster. Glycoprofiling of the venom component of the western honeybee, Apis mellifera, identified that paucimannosylation is a common modification of key proteins including hyaluronidase and phospholipase.
Insect cells ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A nucleotidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide into a nucleoside and a phosphate.
: A nucleotide + HO = a nucleoside + phosphate
For example, it converts adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, and guanosine monophosphate to guanosine.
Nucleotidases have an important function in diges... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Splicing occurs in all the kingdoms or domains of life, however, the extent and types of splicing can be very different between the major divisions. Eukaryotes splice many protein-coding messenger RNAs and some non-coding RNAs. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, splice rarely and mostly non-coding RNAs. Another important... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Clumped isotopes are heavy isotopes that are bonded to other heavy isotopes. The relative abundance of clumped isotopes (and multiply-substituted isotopologues) in molecules such as methane, nitrous oxide, and carbonate is an area of active investigation. The carbonate clumped-isotope thermometer, or "C–O order/disorde... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grape and wine proteins tend to aggregate and form hazes and sediment in finished wines, especially white wines. Haze-causing proteins can persist in wine due to low settling velocities or charge repulsion on individual particles. Fining agents, such as bentonite clays, are used to clarify wine by removing these protei... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before being taken to the ingenio (amalgamation refinery), excess material would be broken off of the silver ore. At the refiner, it was ground to a fine sand (harina) by an arrastra or stamp mill, which consisted of a rotating shaft fitted with heavy iron stamps that crushed the ore against a mortar block. The harina ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Social insects commonly use trail pheromones. For example, ants mark their paths with pheromones consisting of volatile hydrocarbons. Certain ants lay down an initial trail of pheromones as they return to the nest with food. This trail attracts other ants and serves as a guide. As long as the food source remains availa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TPVs promise efficient and economically viable power systems for both military and commercial applications. Compared to traditional nonrenewable energy sources, burner TPVs have little NO emissions and are virtually silent. Solar TPVs are a source of emission-free renewable energy. TPVs can be more efficient than PV sy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The liquid is placed within the annulus of one cylinder inside another. One of the cylinders is rotated at a set speed. This determines the shear rate inside the annulus. The liquid tends to drag the other cylinder round, and the force it exerts on that cylinder (torque) is measured, which can be converted to a shear ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Synapses function as ensembles within particular brain networks to control the amount of neuronal activity, which is essential for memory, learning, and behavior. Consequently, synaptic disruptions might have negative effects. In fact, alterations in cell-intrinsic molecular systems or modifications to environmental bi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dda is a molecular motor, specifically a helicase that moves in the 5 end to 3 direction along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two annealed nucleic acid strands, using the free energy released by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Refere... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tactoids are liquid crystal microdomains nucleated in isotropic phases, which can be distinguished as spherical or spindle-shaped birefringent microdroplets under polarized light microscopy. Tactoids are a transition state between isotropic and macroscopic liquid crystalline phases. The first observation of tactoids wa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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