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Bolesatine is a glycoprotein isolated from the Rubroboletus satanas (Boletus satanas Lenz) mushroom which has a lectin function that is specific to the sugar binding site of D-galactose. It is a monomeric protein with a compact globular structure and is thermostable. One tryptophan can be found in its primary sequence ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pump–probe microscopy can also measure stimulated emission. In this case, the pump beam drives the electron to an excited state. Then the electron emits a photon when exposed to the probe beam. This interaction increases the probe signal at the detector site. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recycling chromatography is mode practiced in both HPLC and CCC. In recycling chromatography, the target compounds are reintroduced into the column after they elute. Each pass through the column increases the number of theoretical plates the compounds experience and enhances chromatographic resolution. Direct recycling... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Halo ketones take part in several reaction types, especially since they are bifunctional, with two electrophilic sites (α-carbon and carbonyl carbon). In one manifestation of this duality, they are precursors to heterocycles. Thiazoles arise from reaction of chloroacetone with thioamides.2-Aminothiazoles are similarly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Currently, the two most prominent areas of co-receptor research are investigations regarding HIV and cancer. HIV research is highly focused on the adaption of HIV strains to a variety of host co-receptors. Cancer research is mostly focused on enhancing the immune response to tumor cells, while some research also involv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several examples of covalently linked 2DPs which include the individual layers or sheets of graphite (called graphenes), MoS2, (BN)x and layered covalent organic frameworks. As required by the above definition, these sheets have a periodic internal structure.
A well-known example of a 2D polymer is graphene; ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
INSTIs bind tightly and specifically to the IN that is associated with the ends of the DNA by chelating the divalent metal ions (Mg) which is coordinated by the catalytic triad i.e. the DDE motif. The DDE motif is located in the CCD of IN and is the active site of the enzyme and hence INSTIs are so called active site i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coupling of Pt to H, C, P, F or N has been reported through one up to four bonds (J to J) and is commonly studied to provide additional structural information for platinum complexes. The ~34% abundance of Pt (with the remaining 66% of natural Pt being NMR-inactive) means that this coupling appears in the respective H/P... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Works by Barenblatt and others have shown that besides the logarithmic law of the wall — the limit for infinite Reynolds numbers — there exist power-law solutions, which are dependent on the Reynolds number.
In 1996, Cipra submitted experimental evidence in support of these power-law descriptions. This evidence itself... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A 2012 paper by the Overseas Development Institute reviewed evidence of the economic impacts of green infrastructure in fragile states.
Upfront construction costs for GI were up to 8% higher than non-green infrastructure projects. Climate Finance was not adequately captured by Fragile states for GI investments, and gov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Multiple substituted isotopologues may be used for nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry experiments, where isotopologues are used to elucidate metabolic pathways in a qualitative (detect new pathways) or quantitative (detect quantitative share of a pathway) approach. A popular example in biochemistry is the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Large amounts of selenium are toxic; however, it is physiologically necessary for animals in extremely small amounts. Many other uncharacterized selenium-containing organic chemicals are also produced by a method similar to that of selenomethionine; some have recently been characterized but remain relatively unknown, s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A similar concept is being attempted by TAE Technologies, formerly Tri-Alpha Energy (TAE), based largely on the ideas of Norman Rostoker, a professor at University of California, Irvine. Early publications from the early 1990s show devices using conventional intersecting storage rings and refocussing arrangements, but ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
They named element 75 rhenium (Latin Rhenus meaning "Rhine"). Rhenium was the last element to be discovered having a stable isotope. The existence of a yet undiscovered element at this position in the periodic table had been predicted by Henry Moseley in 1914. In 1925 they reported that they detected the element in pl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before modern PCR methods existed, it was almost impossible to analyze degraded DNA samples. Methods like restriction fragment length polymorphism or RFLP Restriction fragment length polymorphism, which was the first technique used for DNA analysis in forensic science, required high molecular weight DNA in the sample i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ion channels may be classified by gating, i.e. what opens and closes the channels. For example, voltage-gated ion channels open or close depending on the voltage gradient across the plasma membrane, while ligand-gated ion channels open or close depending on binding of ligands to the channel. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In this process, the dispersed phase is forced through the pores of a microporous membrane directly into the continuous phase. Emulsified droplets are formed and detached at the end of the pores with a drop-by-drop mechanism. The advantages of membrane emulsification over conventional emulsification processes are that ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methyl cyanoformate is the organic compound with the formula CHOC(O)CN. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis as a source of the methoxycarbonyl group, in which context it is also known as Manders reagent. When a lithium enolate is generated in diethyl ether or methyl t-butyl ether, treatment with Manders reag... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider a system composed of water that contains an organic electrolyte RNaz and an inorganic electrolyte NaCl that both dissociate completely such that:
The Gibbs Adsorption equation in terms of the relative surface excess becomes:
The Relation Between Surface Tension and The Surface Excess Concentration becomes:
whe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two staff members from ABC Radio also joined the expedition:
* Colin Simpson
* Raymond Frank Giles - Sound Recorder | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gentian violet has antibacterial, antifungal, antihelminthic, antitrypanosomal, antiangiogenic, and antitumor properties. It is used medically for these properties, in particular for dentistry, and is also known as "pyoctanin" (or "pyoctanine"). It is commonly used for:
* Marking the skin for surgery preparation and al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A common application is to a layer of liquid, such as water, when there is a temperature difference across this layer. This could be due to the liquid evaporating or being heated from below. There is a surface tension at the surface of a liquid that depends on temperature, typically as the temperature increases the su... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recent developments in LED technology have led to commercially available UV-C LEDs. UV-C LEDs use semiconductors to emit light between 255 nm and 280 nm. The wavelength emission is tuneable by adjusting the material of the semiconductor. , the electrical-to-UV-C conversion efficiency of LEDs was lower than that of merc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arsenic can sublime readily at high temperatures.
Cadmium and zinc sublime much more than other common materials, so they are not suitable materials for use in vacuum. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Finger-stick ketone meters allow instant testing of beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in the blood, similar to glucometers. Beta-hydroxybutrate levels in blood can also be measured in a laboratory. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The use of coal-tar creosote on a commercial scale began in 1838, when a patent covering the use of creosote oil to treat timber was taken out by inventor John Bethell. The "Bethell process"—or as it later became known, the full-cell process—involves placing wood to be treated in a sealed chamber and applying a vacuum ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1952, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey carried out a chemical experiment to demonstrate how organic molecules could have formed spontaneously from inorganic precursors under prebiotic conditions like those posited by the Oparin–Haldane hypothesis. It used a highly reducing (lacking oxygen) mixture of gases—methane, am... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the United States, vancomycin is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for either intravenous or oral administration. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The MPTP was originally discovered by Haworth and Hunter in 1979 and has been found to be involved in neurodegeneration, hepatotoxicity from Reye-related agents, cardiac necrosis and nervous and muscular dystrophies among other deleterious events inducing cell damage and death.
MPT is one of the major causes of cell d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a reactivity series (or reactivity series of elements) is an empirical, calculated, and structurally analytical progression of a series of metals, arranged by their "reactivity" from highest to lowest. It is used to summarize information about the reactions of metals with acids and water, single displacem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mansfield was born in Lambeth, London on 9 October 1933, to Sidney George (b. 1904, d. 1966) and Lillian Rose Mansfield (b. 1905, d. 1984; née Turner). Mansfield was the youngest of three sons, Conrad (b. 1925) and Sidney (b. 1927).
Mansfield grew up in Camberwell. During World War II he was evacuated from London, init... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Underwater archaeology is a subfield of archaeology that focuses on the exploration of submerged archaeological sites in seas, rivers, and other bodies of water. In 1988, the Maryland Maritime Archeology Program (MMAP) was established with the goal to manage and explore the various underwater archaeological sites that ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Afovirsen is an oligonucleotide capable of antisense interactions with mRNA of human papillomavirus. It has been investigated as a tool for diagnostics and therapeutics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kilju is often mixed with juice or some other beverage to mask off tastes, of which there can be several.
Compared to wines, kilju most closely resembles Beaujolais nouveau, which is drunk after only a few weeks of fermentation. However, properly made kilju will not easily turn into vinegar, lacking the nutrients neces... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most widely used tensile test method is used to characterize the mechanical properties of materials. From any complete tensile test record, one can obtain important information about the materials elastic properties, the character and extent of plastic deformation, yield, and tensile strengths and toughness. The in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymers can be fractionated on an analytical scale by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or field flow fractionation (FFF). These methods are used to determine the molecular weight distribution. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Hill plot is the rearrangement of the Hill equation into a straight line.
Taking the reciprocal of both sides of the Hill equation, rearranging, and inverting again yields: . Taking the logarithm of both sides of the equation leads to an alternative formulation of the Hill-Langmuir equation:
This last form of the H... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dialysis is generally performed in clipped bags of dialysis tubing or in a variety of formatted dialyzers. The choice of the dialysis set up used is largely dependent on the size of the sample and the preference of the user.
Dialysis tubing is the oldest and generally the least expensive format used for dialysis in the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Frost diagram or Frost–Ebsworth diagram is a type of graph used by inorganic chemists in electrochemistry to illustrate the relative stability of a number of different oxidation states of a particular substance. The graph illustrates the free energy vs oxidation state of a chemical species. This effect is dependent o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solomon received an Associate of Sydney Technical College, (equivalent to a Diploma of Chemistry) in 1950 and went on to complete a Bachelor of Science (BSc (Hons)) in 1952 from the New South Wales University of Technology (now the University of New South Wales), a Master of Science (MSc) from the same university in 19... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The original technique of chromosome jumping was developed in the laboratories of Collins and Weissman at Yale University in New Haven, U.S. and the laboratories of Poustka and Lehrach at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany.
Collins and Weissman's method described above encountered some ear... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If the cylinder has variable radius in the axial direction, the -axis, , then the solution to the first-order approximation in terms of the three-dimensional velocity potential is
where is the modified Bessel function of the first kind of order one. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1825, Johann Friedrich Engelhart discovered that the ratio of iron to protein is identical in the hemoglobins of several species. From the known atomic mass of iron, he calculated the molecular mass of hemoglobin to n × 16000 (n = number of iron atoms per hemoglobin molecule, now known to be 4), the first determinat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosgene oxime, or CX, is an organic compound with the formula . It is a potent chemical weapon, specifically a nettle agent, which is a type of blister agent. The compound itself is a colorless solid, but impure samples are often yellowish liquids. It has a strong, disagreeable and irritating odor. It is used as a rea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) catalyses the first step in base excision repair of the oxidatively damaged base 8-OHdG. OGG1 finds 8-OHdG by sliding along the linear DNA at 1,000 base pairs of DNA in 0.1 seconds. OGG1 very rapidly finds 8-OHdG. OGG1 proteins bind to oxidatively damaged DNA with a half maximum time of ab... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prime editing efficiency can be increased with the use of engineered pegRNAs (epegRNAs). One common issue with traditional pegRNAs is degradation of the 3 end, leading to decreased PE efficiency. epegRNAs have a structured RNA motif added to their 3 end to prevent degradation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
is prepared by chlorination of Mo metal but also chlorination of . The unstable hexachloride is not produced in this way.
is reduced by acetonitrile to afford an orange acetonitrile complex, . This complex in turn reacts with THF to give , a precursor to other molybdenum-containing complexes.
Molybdenum(IV) bromide i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Olavi Erämetsä (born Enwald; 10 October 1906 Lahti, Finland - 3 January 1974 Helsinki, Finland) was a Finnish chemist at the Helsinki University of Technology (TKK, now part of Aalto University). He served as a lecturer in analytical chemistry (1940-1946) before succeeding Yrjö Kauko as professor of inorganic chemistr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The same capability of natural organic matter that helps with water retention in soil creates problems for current water purification methods. In water, organic matter can still bind to metal ions and minerals. These bound molecules are not necessarily stopped by the purification process, but do not cause harm to any h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Particle deposition can be followed by various experimental techniques. Direct observation of deposited particles is possible with an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, or the atomic force microscope. Optical microscopy has the advantage that the deposition of particles can be followed in real time by vi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Three different samples of recycled glass with different gradation curves produced from residential and industrial waste glass streams in Victoria were studied in this research to investigate their usage as a construction material in geotechnical applications. The Fine Recycled Glass (FRG) and Medium recycled Glass (MR... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When white light passes through a polarizer, the extent of rotation of light depends on its wavelength. Short wavelengths are rotated more than longer wavelengths, per unit of distance. Because the wavelength of light determines its color, the variation of color with distance through the tube is observed. This dependen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main part of a centrifugal compressor is the impeller. An open impeller has no cover, therefore it can work at higher speeds. A compressor with a covered impeller can have more stages than one that has an open impeller. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Three main types of cheese rely on moulds for their characteristic properties: blue cheese, soft ripened cheese (such as camembert and brie) and rind-washed cheese (such as époisses and taleggio).
To make blue cheese, the cheese is treated with a mould, usually Penicillium roqueforti, while it is still in the loosely p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reaction of cyclopropylmethamine with sodium nitrite in dilute aqueous perchloric acid solution yielded a mixture of 48% cyclopropylmethyl alcohol, 47% cyclobutanol, and 5% homoallylic alcohol (but-3-en-1-ol). In the non-classical perspective, the positive charge is delocalized throughout the carbocation intermedia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two common mathematical descriptions of the work hardening phenomenon. Hollomon's equation is a power law relationship between the stress and the amount of plastic strain:
where σ is the stress, K is the strength index or strength coefficient, ε is the plastic strain and n is the strain hardening exponent. Lu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Different methods to determine the endpoint include:
*Indicator: A substance that changes color in response to a chemical change. An acid–base indicator (e.g., phenolphthalein) changes color depending on the pH. Redox indicators are also used. A drop of indicator solution is added to the titration at the beginning; the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mao has authored numerous publications spanning the areas of nanomanufacturing, nanofabrication, and nanochemistry, including articles in peer-reviewed journals. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term sequestration is based on the Latin sequestrare, which means set aside or surrender. It is derived from sequester, a depositary or trustee, one in whose hands a thing in dispute was placed until the dispute was settled. In English "sequestered" means secluded or withdrawn.
In law, sequestration is the act of r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The racemic parent compound racemorphan was first described in a Swiss and US patent application from Hoffmann-La Roche in 1946 and 1947, respectively; a patent was granted in 1950. A resolution of the two isomers of racemorphan with tartaric acid was published in 1952, and dextromethorphan was successfully tested in 1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The S.I. unit for the mold constant is seconds per metre squared (). According to Askeland, the constant is usually 2, however Degarmo claims it is between 1.5 and 2. The mold constant can be calculated using the following formula:
Where
: = melting or freezing temperature of the liquid (in kelvins),
: = initial tem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the VSEPR theory of molecular bonding, the preferred geometry of a molecule is that in which both bonding and non-bonding electrons are as far apart as possible. In molecules, it is quite common for these angles to be somewhat compressed or expanded compared to their optimal value. This strain is referre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Structural symmetry of a molecule can be defined mathematically as a permutation of the atoms that exchanges at least two atoms but does not change the molecule's structure. Two atoms then can be said to be structurally equivalent if there is a structural symmetry that takes one to the other.
Thus, for example, all fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Detonation of a nuclear weapon involves bringing fissile material into its optimal supercritical state very rapidly. During part of this process, the assembly is supercritical, but not yet in an optimal state for a chain reaction. Free neutrons, in particular from spontaneous fissions, can cause the device to undergo a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
First-generation Glycoazodyes are synthesized using glucose, galactose or lactose as the sugar group. The point of esterification is controlled by selectively protecting alcohol groups on the sugar, or by choosing an azo dye with a different alcohol group position. Either the dye or the sugar group can be succinylated ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The purpose of this technique is to analyze the activity of a gene transcription promoter (in terms of expression of a so-called reporter gene under the regulatory control of that promoter) either in a quantitative manner, involving some measure of activity, or qualitatively (on versus off) through visualization of its... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Welan gum is an exopolysaccharide used as a rheology modifier in industrial applications such as cement manufacturing. It is produced by fermentation of sugar by bacteria of the genus Alcaligenes. The molecule consists of repeating tetrasaccharide units with single branches of L-mannose or L-rhamnose. In solution, the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Illinois Plant is called the Lacassane Coastal Prairie Mitigation Bank and the Ragley property, in conjunction with the "Calcasieu Mitigation Bank" and partnered with Ecosystem Investment Partners (EIP), is known as the Bill Jackson Longleaf Savannah Mitigation Bank. Both have been designated (through The Lacassan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Taylor microscale, which is sometimes called the turbulence length scale, is a length scale used to characterize a turbulent fluid flow. This microscale is named after Geoffrey Ingram Taylor. The Taylor microscale is the intermediate length scale at which fluid viscosity significantly affects the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PROTACs achieve degradation through "hijacking" the cell's ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) by bringing together the target protein and an E3 ligase.
First, the E1 activates and conjugates the ubiquitin to the E2. The E2 then forms a complex with the E3 ligase. The E3 ligase targets proteins and covalently attaches t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nesfatin-1 is a polypeptide encoded in the N-terminal region of the protein precursor, Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2).
Recombinant human Nesfatin-1 is a 9.7 kDa protein containing 82 amino acid residues. Nesfatin-1 is expressed in the hypothalamus, in other areas of the brain, and in pancreatic islets, gastric endocrine cells ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LASNEX is a computer program that simulates the interactions between x-rays and a plasma, along with many effects associated with these interactions. The program is used to predict the performance of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) devices such as the Nova laser or proposed particle beam "drivers".
Versions of LASNE... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RNA sequencing has taken over microarray and SAGE technology in recent years, as noted in 2016, and has become the most efficient way to study transcription and gene expression. This is typically done by next-generation sequencing.
A subset of sequenced RNAs are small RNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules that are... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermosetting plastics are generally stronger than thermoplastic materials due to the three-dimensional network of bonds (crosslinking), and are also better suited to high-temperature applications up to the decomposition temperature since they keep their shape as strong covalent bonds between polymer chains cannot be b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.862. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Single reversible solid oxide cells can be arranged in series to form stacks. Single stacks can be then arranged in modules to reach power capabilities in the order of kilowatts or megawatts.
One of the most challenging aspects in designing large rSOC systems for energy storage purposes is the thermal integration. When... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In these cycles and engines the working fluid are always like liquid:
*Stirling cycle (Malone engine)
*Heat Regenerative Cyclone | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chiral molecules can be described as ones with a set of stereoisomers or left and right-handed enantiomers. As defined by Lord Kelvin, a molecule has chirality “if its image in a plane mirror, ideally realized, cannot be brought to coincide with itself.” In other words, a chiral molecule is asymmetrical in the sense th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TPCK is an irreversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin. Also inhibits some cysteine proteases such as caspase, papain, bromelain or ficin. It does not inhibit trypsin or zymogens.
TPCK is observed covalently bound in the active site of Caspase 3 in the crystal structure of the complex solved in 2010. The chloromethyl group... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A majority of the adhesion GPCRs are orphan receptors and work is underway to de-orphanize many of these receptors. Adhesion GPCRs get their name from their N-terminal domains that have adhesion-like domains, such as EGF, and the belief that they interact cell to cell and cell to extra cellular matrix. While ligands f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The zooplanktonic Calanus spp. are not only important for moving carbon out of the photic zone and into the deep ocean, but these lipid-rich organisms play a critical role in the success of many marine species that depend on them as food. They comprise the majority of diets for fishes, seabirds and even large mammals s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemoglobin can be tracked noninvasively, to build an individual data set tracking the hemoconcentration and hemodilution effects of daily activities for better understanding of sports performance and training. Athletes are often concerned about endurance and intensity of exercise. The sensor uses light-emitting diodes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Reliance on accurate species identification - When using visual identification in the field, there is the potential for species to be misidentified, which could lead to incorrect analysis and conclusions. To reduce the likelihood of such errors, many monitoring organisations utilise laboratory verification of sample ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cycloalkenes with a small ring have about 20° more bond angle strain than a cycloalkane of the same size. This is because the bond angle for an alkene, C-C=C, is 122°, while the bond angle for an alkane, C-C-C, is 112°. When these carbons form a small ring, the alkene which has a larger bond angle will have to compress... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Along with several other NSAIDs, chronic ibuprofen use has been found correlated with risk of progression to hypertension in women, though less than for paracetamol (acetaminophen), and myocardial infarction (heart attack), particularly among those chronically using higher doses. On 9 July 2015, the US FDA toughened wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The optical properties (details of absorption and emission spectra) of many coordination complexes can be explained by Crystal Field Theory. Often, however, the deeper colors of metal complexes arise from more intense charge-transfer excitations. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1954, Herbert Fröhlich proposed a microscopic theory, in which energy gaps at ±k would form below a transition temperature as a result of the interaction between the electrons and phonons of wavevector Q=2k. Conduction at high temperatures is metallic in a quasi-1-D conductor, whose Fermi surface consists of fairly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Golfomycin A is a synthetic enediyne molecule designed in an attempt to create a more easily manufactured antitumor antibiotic. DNA strand-scission induced by golfomycin A is pH dependent. Preliminary in vitro studies have demonstrated that golfomycin A can reduce carcinomas in bladder cells. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When treated with sodium borohydride, molybdate is reduced to molybdenum(IV) oxide:
:NaMoO + NaBH + 2HO → NaBO + MoO + 2NaOH + 3H
Sodium molybdate reacts with the acids of dithiophosphates:
:NaMoO + → [MoO(SP(OR))]
which further reacts to form [MoO(SP(OR))]. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lithium tert-butoxide is the metalorganic compound with the formula LiOC(CH). A white solid, it is used as a strong base in organic synthesis. The compound is often depicted as a salt, and it often behaves as such, but it is not ionized in solution. Both octameric and hexameric forms have been characterized by X-ray ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Now, given the considerations of background, peak shape functions, integrated intensity, and non-linear least squares minimization, the parameters used in the Rietveld refinement which put these things together can be introduced. Below are the groups of independent least squares parameters generally refined in a Rietve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The strength and range of the electric force and the good conductivity of plasmas usually ensure that the densities of positive and negative charges in any sizeable region are equal ("quasineutrality"). A plasma with a significant excess of charge density, or, in the extreme case, is composed of a single species, is ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
seconds, particles, usually neutrons, are "boiled" off. That is, it remains together until enough energy happens to be concentrated in one neutron to escape the mutual attraction. The excited quasi-bound nucleus is called a compound nucleus.
*Low energy (e, e' xn), (γ, xn) (the xn indicating one or more neutrons), wher... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the process needed is more dehumidification or drying, the Cromer cycle can be enhanced by using the free heat available from the condensing side of the reverse Carnot refrigeration cycle. This heat, sometimes called "hot gas bypass" can be added before the desiccant wheel to enhance the drying of the wheel at loc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On 16 December 2014, NASA reported the Curiosity rover detected a "tenfold spike", likely localized, in the amount of methane in the Martian atmosphere. Sample measurements taken "a dozen times over 20 months" showed increases in late 2013 and early 2014, averaging "7 parts of methane per billion in the atmosphere." Be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Shortly after the publication of Kirkendall's paper, L.S. Darken published an analysis of diffusion in binary systems much like the one studied by Smigelskas and Kirkendall. By separating the actual diffusive flux of the materials from the movement of the interface relative to the markers, Darken found the marker veloc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Soil organic matter is anything in the soil of biological origin. Carbon is its key component comprising about 58% by weight. Simple assessment of total organic matter is obtained by measuring organic carbon in soil. Living organisms (including roots) contribute about 15% of the total organic matter in soil. These are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the chemical composition of the primitive mantle cannot be directly measured at its source, researchers have been able to estimate primitive mantle characteristics using a few methods. One methodology involves the analysis of chondritic meteorites that represent early Earth chemical composition and creating mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Within the photosystem, enzymes capture photons of light to energize electrons that are then tran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, also called trichlorotrifluoroethane (often abbreviated as TCTFE) or CFC-113, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It has the formula . This colorless, volatile liquid is a versatile solvent. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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