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Upon deprotonation, the corrinoid ring is capable of binding cobalt. In vitamin B, the resulting complex also features a benzimidazole-derived ligand, and the sixth site on the octahedron serves as the catalytic center.
The corrin ring resembles the porphyrin ring. Both feature four pyrrole-like subunits organized in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compounds that are prepared by reaction of other compounds are known as "synthetic". They may be either compounds that are already found in plants/animals or those artificial compounds that do not occur naturally.
Most polymers (a category that includes all plastics and rubbers) are organic synthetic or semi-synthetic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amorphous materials have an internal structure consisting of interconnected structural blocks that can be similar to the basic structural units found in the corresponding crystalline phase of the same compound. Unlike in crystalline materials, however, no long-range order exists. Amorphous materials therefore cannot be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Covalent inhibitors can be used to assess target engagement which can sometimes be used pre-clinically and clinically to assess the relationship between dose of drug and efficacy or toxicity. This approach was used for covalent Btk inhibitors pre-clinically and clinically to understand the relationship between dose ad... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for both treatment and diagnostic scans. The most common isotope used in diagnostic scans is Tc-99m (Technetium-99m), being used in approximately 85% of all nuclear medicine diagnostic scans worldwide. It is used for diagnoses involving a large range of body parts and diseases ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discovery of the perfect liquid was a turning point in physics. Experiments at RHIC have revealed a wealth of information about this remarkable substance, which we now know to be a QGP. Nuclear matter at "room temperature" is known to behave like a superfluid. When heated the nuclear fluid evaporates and turns into... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An S-shaped trap is also known as an S-bend. It was invented by Alexander Cumming in 1775 but became known as the U-bend following the introduction of the U-shaped trap by Thomas Crapper in 1880. The new U-bend could not jam, so, unlike the S-bend, it did not need an overflow.
Once invented, despite being simple and re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An intense effort has been made towards the total synthesis of (+)-discodermolide in order to meet the growing interest of studying its clinical profile. More than a dozen of syntheses have been published by different research groups. After decade of work, discodermolide syntheses have become more convergent and more p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Captive populations are subject to problems such as inbreeding depression, loss of genetic diversity and adaptations to captivity. It is important to manage captive populations in a way that minimizes these issues so that the individuals to be introduced will resemble the original founders as closely as possible, whic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For Reynolds number greater than 4000, the flow is turbulent; the resistance to flow follows the Darcy–Weisbach equation: it is proportional to the square of the mean flow velocity. Over a domain of many orders of magnitude of (), the friction factor varies less than one order of magnitude (). Within the turbulent flo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards, published in 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281, mandate double-walled piping for many below-ground transport systems in wastewater treatment plants and at sanitary or hazardous-waste landfills or remediation sites. These and other regulations affect below-grade tran... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrogel encapsulation of the QDs opens up a new range of applications, such as:
* Biosensors
:Enzymes and other bio-active molecules serve as biorecognition units while QDs serve as signalling units. By adding enzymes to the QD hydrogel network both units can be combined to form a biosensor. The enzymatic reaction tha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Everolimus is the second novel Rapamycin analog. Compared with the parent compound rapamycin, everolimus is more selective for the mTORC1 protein complex, with little impact on the mTORC2 complex. mTORC1 inhibition by everolimus has been shown to normalize tumor blood vessels, to increase tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A field effect is the polarization of a molecule through space. The effect is a result of an electric field produced by charge localization in a molecule. This field, which is substituent and conformation dependent, can influence structure and reactivity by manipulating the location of electron density in bonds and/or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1991, Ye joined the National Institute for Materials Science. She was made Director of Photocatalytic Materials Center in 2006 and Director of Environmental Remediation Materials in 2011.
Ye has dedicated her career to the realization of artificial photosynthesis. She is particularly interested in the development o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of pesticides inherently entails the risk of resistance developing. Various techniques and procedures of pesticide application can slow the development of resistance, as can some natural features of the target population and surrounding environment. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methanosaeta harundinacea 6Ac, a methanogenic archaeon, produces carboxylated acyl homoserine lactone compounds that facilitate the transition from growth as short cells to growth as filaments. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since refinement depends on finding the best fit between a calculated and experimental pattern, it is important to have a numerical figure of merit quantifying the quality of the fit. Below are the figures of merit generally used to characterize the quality of a refinement. They provide insight to how well the model fi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Detonation sprayed coatings are primarily mechanically bonded. This means that the surface of the component being sprayed, must be properly prepared so as to maximise the bond strength between the sprayed coating and the substrate. To successfully prepare the surface it must be cleaned of all greases, oils, dirt and ot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Structural genomics takes advantage of completed genome sequences in several ways in order to determine protein structures. The gene sequence of the target protein can also be compared to a known sequence and structural information can then be inferred from the known protein's structure. Structural genomics can be use... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Daniela Blanco is a Venezuelan-born chemical engineer and co-founder and CEO of Sunthetics. Sunthetics is a sustainable materials startup company that is seeking to move the chemical industry away from its reliance on fossil fuels, such as gas and oil. Sunthetics focuses on electrochemical processes and utilizes its ow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Natural products chemist Udo Gräfe collected a sample of P. rudis HKI 0254 from a dead log in Siberia from which hexacyclinol was isolated. His group's 2002 paper showed that the compound behaved as an antiproliferative drug against cancer cell lines and proposed a structure (2) for the compound.
An initial total synth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Extractive distillation is similar to azeotropic distillation, except in this case the entrainer is less volatile than any of the azeotrope's constituents. For example, the azeotrope of 20% acetone with 80% chloroform can be broken by adding water and distilling the result. The water forms a separate layer in which the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The product of the process, sodium hypochlorite, provides 0.7% to 1% chlorine. Anything below the concentration of 1% chlorine is considered a non-hazardous chemical although still a very effective disinfectant. The sodium hypochlorite produced is in the range of pH 6-7.5, relatively neutral in regards to acidity or ba... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides, of Anazarbus in Asia Minor, wrote a five-volume treatise concerning medical matters, entitled Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς in Greek or De materia medica in Latin. This famous commentary covered about 600 plants along with therapeutically useful animal and mineral products. It documented ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The complex is the simplest PPC appearing in nature and therefore a suitable test object for the development of methods that can be transferred to more complex systems like photosystem I. Engel and co-workers observed that the FMO complex exhibits remarkably long quantum coherence, but after about a decade of debate, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "representative layer" refers to a hypothetical plane parallel layer that has properties relevant to absorption spectroscopy that are representative of a sample as a whole. For particulate samples, a layer is representative if each type of particle in the sample makes up the same fraction of volume and surface... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As of August 2023, proposed legislation banning polystyrene has passed at least one legislative chamber in two states and one territory. In Connecticut, SB 118 passed the state Senate in April 2022, but died when the session ended. In Illinois, the state House passed HB2376 on March 21, 2023.
The territory of the Nort... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The functional significance of respirasomes is not entirely clear but more recent research is beginning to shed some light on their purpose. It has been hypothesized that the organization of respiratory enzymes into supercomplexes reduces oxidative damage and increases metabolism efficiency. Schäfer et al. (2006) demon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trifluoroacetic acid is a corrosive strong acid but it does not pose the hazards associated with hydrofluoric acid because the carbon-fluorine bond is not labile. TFA is harmful when inhaled, causes severe skin burns and is toxic for aquatic organisms even at low concentrations.
TFA's reaction with bases and metals, e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main light harvesting complex in Green bacteria is known as the chlorosome. The chlorosome is equipped with rod-like BChl c aggregates with protein embedded lipids surrounding it. Chlorosomes are found outside of the membrane which covers the reaction centre. Green sulphur bacteria and some Chloroflexia use ellipso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Red phosphorus may be formed by heating white phosphorus to in the absence of air or by exposing white phosphorus to sunlight. Red phosphorus exists as an amorphous network. Upon further heating, the amorphous red phosphorus crystallizes. Bulk red phosphorus does not ignite in air at temperatures below , whereas piec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA is precipitated by first ensuring that the correct concentration of positive ions is present in solution (too much will result in a lot of salt co-precipitating with DNA, too little will result in incomplete DNA recovery) and then adding two to three volumes of at least 95% ethanol. Many protocols advise storing DN... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Beta particle-emitting substances sometimes exhibit a weak radiation with continuous spectrum that is due to bremsstrahlung (see the "outer bremsstrahlung" below). In this context, bremsstrahlung is a type of "secondary radiation", in that it is produced as a result of stopping (or slowing) the primary radiation (beta ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Owing their large radii, transition metals generally form clusters that are larger than main group elements. One consequence of their increased size, these clusters often contain atoms at their centers. A prominent example is [FeC(CO)]. In such cases, the rules of electron counting assume that the interstitial atom co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microarrays can be fabricated using a variety of technologies, including printing with fine-pointed pins onto glass slides, photolithography using pre-made masks, photolithography using dynamic micromirror devices, ink-jet printing, or electrochemistry on microelectrode arrays.
In spotted microarrays, the probes are ol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2015, Viel started to teach an online course MCB63X - Principles of Biochemistry with Rachelle Gaudet on edX. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lysergic acid is a chiral compound with two stereocenters. The isomer with inverted configuration at carbon atom 8 close to the carboxyl group is called isolysergic acid. Inversion at carbon 5 close to the nitrogen atom leads to -lysergic acid and -isolysergic acid, respectively. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2011, the Magnetic Space Groups data compiled from H.T. Stokes & B.J. Campbells and D. Litvins's works general positions/symmetry operations and Wyckoff positions for different settings, along with systematic absence rules have also been incorporated into the server and a new shell has been dedicated to the related ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The per base accuracy achieved in house by Ion Torrent on the [http://www.lifetechnologies.com/iontorrent Ion Torrent] Ion semiconductor sequencer as of February 2011 was 99.6% based on 50 base reads, with 100 Mb per run. The read-length as of February 2011 was 100 base pairs. The accuracy for homopolymer repeats of 5 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the laboratory, acyl chlorides are generally prepared by treating carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (). The reaction is catalyzed by dimethylformamide and other additives.
Thionyl chloride is a well-suited reagent as the by-products (HCl, ) are gases and residual thionyl chloride can be easily removed as a res... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the different stoichiometry in these mixtures which varies the concentration of the reagent, they all follow the same idea of adding HgO to distilled water and concentrated sulfuric acid. The Denigés' reagent is ultimately mercury(II) sulfate in an aqueous solution.
*5 grams of mercury(II) oxide (HgO) is dissol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Culcheth Laboratories was a British metallurgical and nuclear research institute that researched the structural design of nuclear reactors and reactor pressure vessels in Culcheth, Cheshire, then in south Lancashire and now in the borough of Warrington. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The two particular features of PTMS that have determined its applications so far are 1) spectroscopic mapping may be performed at a spatial resolution well below the diffraction limit of IR radiation, ultimately at a scale of 20-30 nm. In principle, this opens the way to sub-wavelength IR microscopy (see scanning probe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A nine- or ten-membered ring containing a double bond between two triple bonds is termed the warhead of the enediyne. In this state, the warhead is inactive. Enediynes are triggered into a chemically active state via Bergman or Myers-Saito cyclization. The triggering mechanism can be attributed to an intramolecular nuc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to cooling, passive daytime radiative cooling surfaces can be modified to be self-adaptive for temperature-dependent switching from cooling to heating or, in other words, for full-scale thermal regulation. This can be achieved through switching the thermal emittance of the surface from a high to low value. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neutron scattering allows scientists to count scattered neutrons, measure their energies and the angles at which they scatter, and map their final positions. This information can reveal the molecular and magnetic structure and behavior of materials, such as high-temperature superconductors, polymers, metals, and biolog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salts of hexol were first described by Jørgensen, although it was Werner who recognized its structure. The cation is prepared by heating a solution containing the cis-diaquotetramminecobalt(III) cation [Co(NH)(HO)] with a dilute base:
:4 [Co(NH)(HO)] + 2 HO → {[Co(NH)(OH)]Co} + 4 NH + 4 HO | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry a diagonal relationship is said to exist between certain pairs of diagonally adjacent elements in the second and third periods (first 20 elements) of the periodic table. These pairs (lithium (Li) and magnesium (Mg), beryllium (Be) and aluminium (Al), boron (B) and silicon (Si), etc.) exhibit similar proper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The stereochemistry involved in the reactions of five-membered rings can be predicted by an envelope transition state model. Nucleophiles favor addition from the "inside" of the envelope, or from the top of the figure on the right. The "inside" addition produces a results in a staggered conformation, rather than the ec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pincer complexes have been shown to catalyse Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions, a versatile carbon-carbon bond forming reaction.
Typical Suzuki coupling employ Pd(0) catalysts with monodentate tertiary phosphine ligands (e.g. Pd(PPh)). It is a very selective method to couple aryl substituents together, but requires ele... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Anti-apoptotic Ras signaling cascade is an intracellular signal transduction cascade
that involves the Ras protein and inhibits apoptosis. It is the target of the cancer drug gefitinib.
It may refer to the PI3K/AKT pathway.
It may refer to the MAPK/ERK pathway which involves ras and can affect apoptosis.
The anti-a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aquasomes are self-assembling nanoparticle drug carrier systems composed of three layers: a ceramic core, an oligomer coat, and a biochemically active molecule. Aquasomes are utilized for targeted drug delivery to achieve specific therapeutic effects, and are biocompatible, biodegradable, and stable. Due to their struc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DESI mass spectrometry is an ambient ionization technique developed by Professor Zoltan Takáts, et al., in Professor Graham Cooks' group from Purdue University. It combines the ESI and desorption ionization techniques, by directing an electrically charged mist to the sample surface that is a few millimeters away. The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water has as much propensity to form hydrogen bonds as any group in a polypeptide. During a folding and association process, peptide and amino acid groups exchange hydrogen bonds with water. Thus, hydrogen bonding does not have a strong stabilizing effect on protein adsorption in an aqueous medium. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An optical spectrum analyzer uses reflective or refractive techniques to separate out the wavelengths of light. An electro-optical detector is used to measure the intensity of the light, which is then normally displayed on a screen in a similar manner to a radio- or audio-frequency spectrum analyzer.
The input to an op... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brownian motors are nanoscale or molecular machines that use chemical reactions to generate directed motion in space. The theory behind Brownian motors relies on the phenomenon of Brownian motion, random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) resulting from their collision with the fast-moving mol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The spectral intensity of a blackbody, was first determined by Max Planck. It is given by Plancks law per unit wavelength as:This formula mathematically follows from calculation of spectral distribution of energy in quantized electromagnetic field which is in complete thermal equilibrium with the radiating object. Pla... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To name conformations of pyranose, first the conformer is determined. The common conformers are similar to those found in cyclohexane, and these form the basis of the name. Common conformations are chair (C), boat (B), skew (S), half-chair (H) or envelope (E). The ring atoms are then numbered; the anomeric, or hemiacet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On Friday, April 5 an emergency regime was introduced in the Russian city of Khabarovsk after a local resident accidentally discovered that radiation levels had jumped sharply in one of the industrial areas of the city. According to volunteers of the dosimetric control group, the dosimeter at the NP site showed up to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cavitation has been applied to egg pasteurization. A hole-filled rotor produces cavitation bubbles, heating the liquid from within. Equipment surfaces stay cooler than the passing liquid, so eggs do not harden as they did on the hot surfaces of older equipment. The intensity of cavitation can be adjusted, making it pos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In some cases, an achiral Lewis acid may provide good stereoselectivity. Kimura et al. demonstrated the regio- and diastereoselective coupling of 1,3-dienes with aldehydes using a nickel catalyst. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Euler pump and turbine equations are the most fundamental equations in the field of turbomachinery. These equations govern the power, efficiencies and other factors that contribute to the design of turbomachines. With the help of these equations the head developed by a pump and the head utilised by a turbine can be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In astrophysics, Zeeman–Doppler imaging is a tomographic technique dedicated to the cartography of stellar magnetic fields, as well as surface brightness and temperature distributions.
This method makes use of the ability of magnetic fields to polarize the light emitted (or absorbed) in spectral lines formed in the ste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Source: [http://www.divbiolchem.org/awards/recipients/ ACS - Division of Biological Chemistry]
*1986 – Gregorio Weber
*1987 – Thomas C. Bruice
*1988 – Robert H. Abeles
*1989 – Stephen J. Benkovic
*1990 – Harold A. Scheraga
*1991 – William W. Parson
*1992 – Frank H. Westheimer
*1993 – Jeremy R. Knowles
*1994 – Judith P.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pseudoproteases are catalytically-deficient pseudoenzyme variants of proteases that are represented across the kingdoms of life. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the name suggests, eslicarbazepine acetate is the acetate ester prodrug of eslicarbazepine. Eslicarbazepine itself is the pharmacologically more active of the two stereoisomers of licarbazepine. More specifically, it is (S)-(+)-licarbazepine.
;Related drugs and active metabolites for comparison: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are five main types of experimental data that are used for the determination of solution equilibrium constants. Potentiometric data obtained with a glass electrode are the most widely used with aqueous solutions. The others are Spectrophotometric, Fluorescence (luminescence) measurements and NMR chemical shift me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine, abbreviated TMP, HTMP, or TMPH, is an organic compound of the amine class. In appearance, it is a colorless liquid and has a "fishy", amine-like odor. This amine is used in chemistry as a hindered base (hindered amine). Although TMP finds limited use per se, its derivatives are a mainsta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Davy threw himself energetically into the work of the laboratory and formed a long romantic friendship with Mrs Anna Beddoes, the novelist Maria Edgeworth's sister, who acted as his guide on walks and other fine sights of the locality. The critic Maurice Hindle was the first to reveal that Davy and Anna had written poe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is manufactured by the reaction of methane and sulfuryl chloride in a radical reaction:
Another method of manufacture entails chlorination of methanesulfonic acid with thionyl chloride or phosgene: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
mTECs are not only capable to present TRAs as efficient APCs. They are also potent in production of these TRAs via unique process called promiscuous gene expression (PGE) and might serve as their reservoir. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Following the discovery of induced fission by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in 1938, Soviet physicists Georgy Flyorov and Konstantin Petrzhak began conducting experiments to explore the effects of incident neutron energy on uranium nuclei. Their equipment recorded fission fragments even when no neutrons were present t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During 1799, Beddoes and Davy published Contributions to physical and medical knowledge, principally from the west of England and Essays on heat, light, and the combinations of light, with a new theory of respiration. On the generation of oxygen gas, and the causes of the colors of organic beings. Their experimental wo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1990, he was elected Corresponding Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and in 2003 a Full Member (Academician) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Oganessian has honorary degrees from Goethe University Frankfurt (2002), University of Messina (2009), and Yerevan State University (2022). In 2019, he was elected a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The above equation is the one that is used in most applications. However, a full treatment must include the effects of Thomas precession, yielding the equation (in CGS units) (The CGS units are used so that E has the same units as B):
where is the relativistic Lorentz factor (not to be confused with the gyromagnetic r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mass spectrometry is a way to quantify RNA modifications. More often than not, modifications cause an increase in mass for a given nucleoside. This gives a characteristic readout for the nucleoside and the modified counterpart. Moreover, mass spectrometry allows the investigation of modification dynamics by labelling R... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) networks can be found in eukaryotic cells. MAPK pathways in plants are known to regulate cell growth, cell development, cell death, and cell responses to environmental stimuli. Only a few of the MAPK mechanism components are known and have been studied. The components such as Ara... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a water-soluble protein which plays a role in photoprotection in diverse cyanobacteria. It is the only photoactive protein known to use a carotenoid as the photoresponsive chromophore. The protein consists of two domains, with a single keto-carotenoid molecule non-covalently bound be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Black oxide or blackening is a conversion coating for ferrous materials, stainless steel, copper and copper based alloys, zinc, powdered metals, and silver solder. It is used to add mild corrosion resistance, for appearance, and to minimize light reflection. To achieve maximal corrosion resistance the black oxide must ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dissolved and particulate material in water can cause it to be appear more green, tan, brown, or red. For instance, dissolved organic compounds called tannins can result in dark brown colors, or algae floating in the water (particles) can impart a green color. Color variations can be measured with reference to a standa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a receptor with n binding sites that independently bind to the ligand, each binding site will have an average occupancy of [L]/(K + [L]). Hence, by considering all n binding sites, there will
ligands bound to each receptor on average, from which the Scatchard equation follows. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The preferred method to remove all cellular components from a heart is perfusion decellularization. This technique involves perfusing the heart with detergents such as SDS and Triton X-100 dissolved in distilled water.
The remaining ECM is composed of structural elements such as collagen, laminin, elastin and fibronect... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In elemental analysis by ICP-MS, ICP-AES, GFAA, and Flame AA, dilute nitric acid (0.5–5.0%) is used as a matrix compound for determining metal traces in solutions. Ultrapure trace metal grade acid is required for such determination, because small amounts of metal ions could affect the result of the analysis.
It is also... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In magnetic resonance imaging or NMR of macromolecular samples, such as protein solutions, at least two types of water molecules, free (bulk) and bound (hydration), are present. Bulk water molecules have many mechanical degrees of freedom, and motion of such molecules thus exhibits statistically averaged behavior. Beca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In classical Lewis structures, molecular oxygen, O, is depicted as having a double bond between the two oxygen atoms. However, the molecular orbitals of O are actually more complex than Lewis structures seem to suggest. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of O is a pair of degenerate antibonding π orbitals, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hordein is a prolamin glycoprotein, present in barley and some other cereals, together with gliadin and other glycoproteins (such as glutelins) coming under the general name of gluten. Hordeins are found in the endosperm where one of their functions is to act as a storage unit.
In comparison to other proteins, hordein... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell (PV cell) is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics (such as current, voltage, or resistance) vary when it is exposed to light. I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The optical activity (absorption and scattering of light) and hydrodynamic properties (translational diffusion, sedimentation coefficients, and rotational correlation times) of formamide denatured nucleic acids are similar to those of heat-denatured nucleic acids. Therefore, depending on the desired effect, chemically ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Opioid food peptides include:
* Casomorphin (from milk)
* Gluten exorphin (from gluten)
* Gliadorphin/gluteomorphin (from gluten)
* Rubiscolin (from spinach)
* Soymorphin-5 (from soy)
* Oryzatensin (from rice) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Source:
* 2024: Kelly Nguyen
* 2023: Stephen Wallace
* 2022: Tanmay A. M. Bharat
* 2021: Giulia Zanetti
* 2020: Stephan Uphoff
* 2019: Melina Schuh
* 2018: Matthew Johnson
* 2017: Markus Ralser
* 2016: David Grainger
* 2015: Helen Walden
* 2014: M. Madan Babu
* 2012: Akhilesh Reddy
* 2011: Sarah Teichmann
* 2007: Fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To deal with decreased ATP production through the electron transport chain, fish must activate anaerobic means of energy production (see anaerobic metabolism) while suppressing metabolic demands. The ability to decrease energy demand by metabolic suppression is essential to ensure hypoxic survival due to the limited ef... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MLSS is separated from the treated or purified water by settling in a settling tank in the activated sludge process. The excess sludge has to be removed from the system. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
R-22 is often used as an alternative to the highly ozone-depleting CFC-11 and CFC-12, because of its relatively low ozone depletion potential of 0.055, among the lowest for chlorine-containing haloalkanes. However, even this lower ozone depletion potential is no longer considered acceptable.
As an additional environme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most amino acids are synthesized from α-ketoacids, and later transaminated from another amino acid, usually glutamate. The enzyme involved in this reaction is an aminotransferase.
: α-ketoacid + glutamate ⇄ amino acid + α-ketoglutarate
Glutamate itself is formed by amination of α-ketoglutarate:
: α-ketoglutarate + ⇄ g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selenium may be measured in blood, plasma, serum or urine to monitor excessive environmental or occupational exposure, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized victims or to assist in a forensic investigation in a case of fatal overdosage. Some analytical techniques are capable of distinguishing organic from in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acyl azides are carboxylic acid derivatives with the general formula RCON. These compounds, which are a subclass of organic azides, are generally colorless. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grb2 has been shown to interact with:
* ADAM15,
* Abl gene,
* Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase,
* B-cell linker,
* BCAR1,
* BCR gene,
* Beta-2 adrenergic receptor,
* C-Met,
* CBLB,
* CD117,
* CD22,
* CD28,
* CDKN1B,
* CRK,
* Cbl gene,
* Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor,
* DCTN1,
* DNM1,
* Dock180,
* D... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The spiciness can be calculated in several programming languages with the Gibbs SeaWater (GSW) toolbox. It is used to derive thermodynamic seawater properties and is adopted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) and the Scienti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stein Bjornar Jacobsen (born 1950) is a Norwegian-American geochemist who works within cosmochemistry.
Hailing from Drammen, he finished a cand.mag. degree at the University of Oslo before studying geology in California with a Rotary grant. Jacobsen became a professor of geochemistry at Harvard University.
He was an in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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