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* In Thomson scattering light interacts with electrons (this is the low-energy limit of Compton scattering).
* In Rayleigh scattering a medium composed of particles whose sizes are much smaller than the wavelength scatters light sideways. In this scattering process, the energy (and therefore the wavelength) of the inci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In human digestion, proteins in food are broken down into smaller peptide chains by digestive enzymes such as pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase, and into amino acids by various enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, and dipeptidase. It is necessary to break down proteins into small peptides (tripep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is a process defined as
with . Physically, this equation can be motivated as follows: a particle of mass with velocity moving in a medium, e.g., a fluid, will experience a friction force which resists motion whose magnitude can be approximated as being proportional to particles velocity... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plastocyanin is one of the family of blue copper proteins that are involved in electron transfer reactions. The copper-binding site is described as distorted trigonal pyramidal. The trigonal plane of the pyramidal base is composed of two nitrogen atoms (N and N) from separate histidines and a sulfur (S) from a cysteine... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ATP can be generated by substrate-level phosphorylation in mitochondria in a pathway that is independent from the proton motive force. In the matrix there are three reactions capable of substrate-level phosphorylation, utilizing either phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or succinate-CoA ligase, or monofunctional C1-tetr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bomb pulse is the sudden increase of carbon-14 (C) in the Earth's atmosphere due to the hundreds of aboveground nuclear bombs tests that started in 1945 and intensified after 1950 until 1963, when the Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. These hundreds of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The R is the functional group attached to a tertiary carbon. If the functional group was an OH group, this compound would be commonly called tert-butanol or t-butanol. When a functional group is attached to a tertiary carbon, the prefix -tert (-t) is used in the common name for the compound. An example of this is shown... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a living cell, ultrasensitive modules are embedded in a bigger network with upstream and downstream components. This components may constrain the range of inputs that the module will receive as well as the range of the module's outputs that network will be able to detect. Altszyler et al. (2014) studied how the ef... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the sulfide content in sample can be determined straight forwardly as described for sulfites, the results are often poor and inaccurate. A better, alternative method with higher accuracy is available, which involves the addition of excess but known volume of standard sodium arsenite solution to the sample, dur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal. Unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy will retain all the properties of a metal in the resulting material, such as electrical conductivity, ductility, opacity, and luster, but may have properties that differ from those of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNA-seq uses reverse transcriptase to convert the mRNA template to cDNA. During library preparation, the cDNA is fragmented into small pieces, which then serve as the template for sequencing. After sequencing RNA-seq analysis can then be performed. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The inheritance pattern of genes existing in the cell organelles such as mitochondria which named cytoplasmic inheritance differs from nuclear genes pattern. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1799, Davy became increasingly well known due to his experiments with the physiological action of some gases, including laughing gas (nitrous oxide). The gas was first synthesised in 1772 by the natural philosopher and chemist Joseph Priestley, who called it dephlogisticated nitrous air (see phlogiston). Priestley d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Following a major forgery of Australias newly introduced $10 notes in 1967, Solomon was invited to a meeting about how to make more secure bank notes. Given his background in polymer science Solomons idea was to print the notes on a plastic substrate rather than the traditional paper, and incorporate optically variable... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Birchall married Pauline Mary Jones at Sheffield register office on 2 June 1956. They had two sons, Shaun and Timothy.
James Derek Birchall died in a traffic accident. He was “struck by a vehicle on a pedestrian crossing in London on 30 November 1995. After several days on a life-support machine he died without regaini... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Delivery of DDRNAI DNA constructs is simplified by the existence of several clinically approved and well-characterized gene therapy vectors developed for the purpose. Delivery is a major challenge for RNAi-based therapeutics with new modifications and reagents continually being developed to optimize target cell deliver... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Mach wave propagates across the flow at the Mach angle μ, which is the angle formed between the Mach wave wavefront and a vector that points opposite to the vector of motion. It is given by
where M is the Mach number.
Mach waves can be used in schlieren or shadowgraph observations to determine the local Mach number o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are currently a number of on-going efforts to solve the structures for every protein in a given proteome. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several methods are known to recover carbonyl compounds from N,N-dialkylhydrazones. Procedures include oxidative, hydrolytic or reductive cleavage conditions and can be compatible with a wide range of functional groups. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atmospheric optics ray tracing codes - this article list codes for light scattering using ray-tracing technique to study atmospheric optics phenomena such as rainbows and halos. Such particles can be large raindrops or hexagonal ice crystals. Such codes are one of many approaches to calculations of light scattering b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal physics is the combined study of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and kinetic theory of gases. This umbrella-subject is typically designed for physics students and functions to provide a general introduction to each of three core heat-related subjects. Other authors, however, define thermal physics loos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Second World War forced the company to relocate from Paris to Vichy, where several other pharmaceutical companies were already installed. The Vichy Regime took an interest in the company, and attempted to despoil Jewish stakeholders. However, two of the main stakeholders were from Switzerland, and Swiss ambassador ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ficks laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were first posited by Adolf Fick in 1855 on the basis of largely experimental results. They can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, . Ficks first law can be used to derive his second law which in turn is identical to the diffusion equation.
Ficks first law: Mov... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In their modeling, Watson and Crick restricted themselves to what they saw as chemically and biologically reasonable. Still, the breadth of possibilities was very wide. A breakthrough occurred in 1952, when Erwin Chargaff visited Cambridge and inspired Crick with a description of experiments Chargaff had published in 1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to redox-disequilibrium, selenium could be very reluctant to abiotic chemical reduction and would be released from the waste (spent fuel or vitrified waste) as selenate (), a soluble Se(VI) species, not sorbed onto clay minerals. Without solubility limit and retardation for aqueous selenium, the dose of Se is compa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
David Phillips, (born 3 December 1939) is a British chemist specialising in photochemistry and lasers, and was president of the Royal Society of Chemistry from 2010 to 2012. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The time that a particle of fluid has been in a control volume (e.g. a reservoir) is known as its age. In general, each particle has a different age. The frequency of occurrence of the age in the set of all the particles that are located inside the control volume at time is quantified by means of the (internal) age d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salimuzzaman was born in Subeha (Barabanki District) near Lucknow on 19 October 1897. His father's name was Chaudhry Muhammad Zaman and his elder brother Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman was a distinguished All India Muslim League leader and one of the founding fathers of Pakistan. He received his early education from Lucknow, b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
K2.3 is found in the central nervous system (CNS), muscle, liver, pituitary, prostate, kidney, pancreas and vascular endothelium tissues. K2.3 is most abundant in regions of the brain, but has also been found to be expressed in significant levels in many other peripheral tissues, particularly those rich in smooth muscl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, a sample is a limited quantity of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount of that thing(s). The things could be countable objects such as individual items available as units for sale, or an uncountable material. Even though the word "sample" implies a smaller quantity take... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Energy accounting is a system used in energy management systems to measure and analyze energy consumption to improve energy efficiency within an organization. Organisations such as Intel corporation use these systems to track energy usage.
Various energy transformations are possible. An energy balance can be used to t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1988, the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances introduced detailed provisions and requirements relating the control of precursors used to produce drugs of abuse.
In Europe the Regulation (EC) No. 273/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council on drug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ultraviolet absorbers are molecules used in organic materials (polymers, paints, etc.) to absorb UV radiation to reduce the UV degradation (photo-oxidation) of a material. The absorbers can themselves degrade over time, so monitoring of absorber levels in weathered materials is necessary.
In sunscreen, ingredients that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The EBF intends to stimulate further harmonization of industry practices in bioanalysis, to bring a common understanding of the interpretation of regulatory issues and more clarity to the implementation of procedures in order to achieve best practices in the world of bioanalysis. The forum currently hosts two types of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many modern studies, the Polanyi theory is widely used in the study of activated carbons, or carbon black. The theory has been successfully used to model a variety of scenarios such as the gas adsorption on activated carbon and the adsorption process of nonionic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Later on, experiment... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In principle, any technologies used for metabolomics can be used for exometabolomics. However, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has been the most widely used. As with typical metabolomic measurements, metabolites are identified based on accurate mass, retention time, and their MS/MS fragmentation pattern... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adjuvants are materials added to improve immunogenicity of recombinant subunit vaccines.
Adjuvants increase the magnitude of adaptive response to the vaccine and guide the activation of the most effective forms of immunity for each specific pathogen (e.g. increasing generation of T cell memory). Addition of adjuvants m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He was born in Göttingen on 2 August 1776 the eldest son of Dr Ernerst Johann Friedrich Stromeyer, professor of medicine at Göttingen University, and his wife, Marie Magdalena Johanne von Blum.
Stromeyer studied Chemistry and Medicine at Göttingen and Paris and received an MD degree from the University of Göttingen in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fast neutron reactors use fast fission to produce energy, unlike most nuclear reactors. In a conventional reactor, a moderator is needed to slow down the neutrons so that they are more likely to fission atoms. A fast neutron reactor uses fast neutrons, so it does not use a moderator. Moderators may absorb a lot of neut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Historians have not been able to determine when exactly the pharmacy opened, but the oldest records available show that the Raeapteek was already on its third owner in 1422. Some scholars consider the opening year to be 1415.
In a town council's notebook, there is an entry by a chemist named Nuclawes who stated that th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Convection-cooling is sometimes loosely assumed to be described by Newton's law of cooling.
Newtons law states that the rate of heat loss of a body is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the body and its surroundings while under the effects of a breeze'. The constant of proportionality is the heat tr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Various inputs into this pathway have been identified. Activators include ligands of a number of receptors. Because certain signal transduction pathways oppose the STAT3-Ser/Hes3 signaling axis, blockers (inhibitors) of these signal transduction pathways promote the STAT3-Ser/Hes3 signaling axis and, therefore, also ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aso and Tagami were the first to report the polymerization of o-phthalaldehyde in 1967 using the cationic living polymerization technique. This technique, which was initially thought to require the usage of a strong Brönsted acid to initiate polymerization in addition to a strong nucleophile to depress polymerization a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nesfatin/NUCB2 is expressed in the appetite-control hypothalamic nuclei such as paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), supraoptic nucleus (SON) of hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), and zona incerta in rats. Nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity was also found in the brainstem nuclei such as nucleus of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Jacobi elliptic function cn can be expanded into a Fourier series
(m) is known as the imaginary quarter period, while K(m) is also called the real quarter period of the Jacobi elliptic function. They are related through: (m) = K(1−m)
Since the interest here is in small wave height, corresponding with small paramete... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sir Christopher Kelk Ingold (28 October 1893 – 8 December 1970) was a British chemist based in Leeds and London. His groundbreaking work in the 1920s and 1930s on reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds was responsible for the introduction into mainstream chemistry of concepts such as nuc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Foamed biopolymers have multiple purported applications in the biomedical and pharmaceuticals industry due to their modified surface properties. Gelatine films with curcumin dropped upon the surface, for instance, displayed a higher tolerance for ablation following its foaming; this tolerance is suspected to arise from... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ordinarily, carbon dioxide is fixed to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by the enzyme RuBisCO in mesophyll cells exposed directly to the air spaces inside the leaf. This exacerbates the transpiration problem for two reasons: first, RuBisCo has a relatively low affinity for carbon dioxide, and second, it fixes oxygen to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are four main experimental methods. For less commonly used methods, see Rossotti and Rossotti. In all cases the range can be extended by using the competition method. An example of the application of this method can be found in palladium(II) cyanide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pharmacophore model of PDE5 usually consists of one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrophobic aliphatic carbon chain and two aromatic rings. Small hydrophobic pocket and H-loop of PDE5 enzyme are important for binding affinity of PDE5 inhibitors. As well as positional and conformational changes are observed upon inhi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cold fission or cold nuclear fission is defined as involving fission events for which fission fragments have such low excitation energy that no neutrons or gammas are emitted.
Cold fission events have so low a probability of occurrence that it is necessary to use a high-flux nuclear reactor to study them.
According to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been suggested that SOCS can help prevent cytokine-mediated apoptosis in diabetes through negative regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by immune cells, such as IFNγ, TNFα and IL-15. Improper functioning of one specific SOCS, SOCS3 may lead to type 2 diabetes, as it has been found that SOCS3 plays a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Epitaxially grown thin films of LAO can serve various purposes for correlated electrons heterostructures and devices. LAO is sometimes used as an epitaxial insulator between two conductive layers. Epitaxial LAO films can be grown by several methods, most commonly by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and molecular beam epit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2021, evidence for OH in the dayside atmosphere of the exoplanet WASP-33b was found in its emission spectrum at wavelengths between 1 and 2 micrometers. Evidence for OH in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-76b was subsequently found. Both WASP-33b and WASP-76b are ultra-hot Jupiters and it is likely that any water in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photosynthesis is the only process that allows the conversion of atmospheric carbon (CO2) to organic (solid) carbon, and this process plays an essential role in climate models. This lead researchers to study the sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e., chlorophyll fluorescence that uses the Sun as illumination sourc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gamma spectroscopy is the study of the energetic transitions in atomic nuclei, which are generally associated with the absorption or emission of gamma rays. As in optical spectroscopy (see Franck–Condon effect) the absorption of gamma rays by a nucleus is especially likely (i.e., peaks in a "resonance") when the energy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An optical variation of the single-fiber Wilhelmy method. Instead of measuring with a balance, the shape of the meniscus on the fiber is directly imaged using a high resolution camera. Automated meniscus shape fitting can then directly measure the static, advancing or receding contact angle on the fiber. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Singlet oxygen, systematically named dioxygen(singlet) and dioxidene, is a gaseous inorganic chemical with the formula O=O (also written as or ), which is in a quantum state where all electrons are spin paired. It is kinetically unstable at ambient temperature, but the rate of decay is slow.
The lowest excited state o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
pH affects the reaction rate due to a variety of reasons. At a low pH, complexation of also occurs, leading to lower availability of to form reactive oxidative species (OH). Lower pH also results in the scavenging of OH by excess , hence reducing its reaction rate. Whereas at high pH, the reaction slows down due to p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SQT approach has been praised for a variety of reasons as a technique for characterizing sediment conditions. Relative to the depth of information it provides, and the inclusive nature, it is very cost effective. It can be applied to all sediment classifications, and even adapted to soil and water column assessment... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shelf-Break Fronts are a process by which stratification of the water column occurs. This stratification normally results in thermoclines, since they occur where a sudden change in water depth causes a constriction of the current flow. They can be expressed as a ratio of their potential energy due to maintaining mixed ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In terms of d-orbital splitting, ligand field theory (LFT) and crystal field theory (CFT) give similar results. CFT is an older, simpler model that treats ligands as point charges. LFT is more chemical, emphasizes covalent bonding and accommodates pi-bonding explicitly. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Predictive biomarkers measure the effect of a drug and tell if the drug is having its expected activity, but do not offer any direct information on the disease. Predictive biomarkers are highly sensitive and specific; therefore they increase diagnostic validity of a drug or toxin's site-specific effect by eliminating ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dexlansoprazole ((R)-(+)-lansoprazole) has the same binding affinity to the proton pump as the (S)-enantiomer, but is associated with a three- to five-fold greater area under the plasma drug concentration time curve (AUC) compared with (S)-lansoprazole. With its dual release pharmaceutical formulation, the first quick... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The a/LCI system has recently been enhanced to allow operation in a clinical setting with the addition of a handheld wand. By carefully controlling the polarization in the delivery fiber, using polarization-maintaining fibers and inline polarizers, the new system allows manipulation of the handheld wand without signal ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Joseph H. Burckhalter was a chemist who worked in the field of isothiocyanate compounds. In 1995 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Burckhalter is also a member of the Medicinal Chemistry Hall of Fame.
Burckhalter earned a B.S. in chemistry from the University of South Carolina in 1934 and an M... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2009, researchers developed siRNAs capable of targeting both polo-like kinase 1(PLK1) and kinesin spindle protein(KSP). Both proteins are important to the cell-cycle of tumor cells, PLK1 involved with phosphorylation of a variety of proteins and KSP integral to chromosome segregation during mitosis. Specifically, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Search for a new anti-migraine drug started at Glaxo in 1972. Studies in the 1960s showed that vasoconstriction from 5-HT, ergotamine and noradrenaline could reduce migraine attacks. Research also showed that platelet 5-HT level is reduced during migraine. Because there are too many side-effects for 5-HT to be used as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Not only is PHY closely related to Substance P (SP), but it also has a higher affinity for the mammalian neurokinin receptors that Substance P can bind to. Researchers can make use of this behavior of PHY to study the behavior of smooth muscle - a tissue where NK1 can be found. Shiina et al. (2010) used PHY to show th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Genetic polymorphisms of genes that encode subunits of TFH are known to be associated with increased cancer susceptibility in many tissues, e.g.; skin tissue, breast tissue and lung tissue. Mutations in the subunits (such as XPD and XPB) can lead to a variety of diseases, including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) or XP comb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2016 Georges Guiochon Faculty Fellowship
* 2018 H. I. Romnes Faculty Fellowship
* 2019 Analytical Scientist Power List
* 2020 American Society for Mass Spectrometry Biemann Medal
* 2020 Analytical Scientist Power List
*2021 Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Clinical and Translational Proteomics Award
*2021 Analytica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microscopically the volume of a single pore in a porous media may be divided into two regions; surface area and bulk volume (Figure 1).
The surface area is a thin layer with thickness of a few molecules close to the pore wall surface. The bulk volume is the remaining part of the pore volume and usually dominates the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Konstantinos Drosatos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Δροσάτος), born in Athens, Greece, is a Greek-American molecular biologist, who is the Ohio Eminent Scholar and Professor of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. His parents were Georgios Drosatos an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some drugs enhance or inhibit the response to NMBAs which require the dosage adjustment guided by monitoring. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* P. aeruginosa also uses 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS) for quorum sensing. This molecule is noteworthy because it does not belong to the homoserine lactone class of autoinducers. PQS is believed to provide an additional regulatory link between the Las and Rhl circuits involved in virulence and infection.
* Ag... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thiones are usually prepared from ketones using reagents that exchange S and O atoms. A common reagent is phosphorus pentasulfide and the related reagent Lawesson's reagent. Other methods uses a mixture of hydrogen chloride combined with hydrogen sulfide. Bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide has also been employed.
Thiobenzophen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Engineering diffraction refers to a sub-field of neutron scattering which investigates microstructural features that influence the mechanical properties of materials. These include:
#lattice strain, a measure of distortion in crystals
#texture, a measure of grain orientations
#dislocation density, a measure of the mic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The flow velocity u of a fluid is a vector field
which gives the velocity of an element of fluid at a position and time
The flow speed q is the length of the flow velocity vector
and is a scalar field. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biological photovoltaic systems are defined by the type of light harvesting material that they employ, and the mode of electron transfer from the biological material to the anode. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two or more equilibria can exist at the same time. When this is so, equilibrium constants can be ascribed to individual equilibria, but they are not always unique. For example, three equilibrium constants can be defined for a dibasic acid, HA.
:A + H HA;
:HA + H HA;
:A + 2 H HA;
The three constants are not indepe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first activation of a main group compound by yellow arsenic was reported in 1992 by West and coworkers, involving the reaction of As with a disilene compound, tetramesityldisilene, to generate a mixture of compounds including a butterfly structural motif of bridging arsenic atoms. Notably, the product mixture obtai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Long chain fatty acid uptake is mediated by several transporters, including FAT (fatty acid translocase)/CD36. CD36 deletion rescues lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. FAT/CD36 may be controlled by insulin and AMPK. Increased transport coupled to the formation of the CoA derivatives and the resulting AMPK activation should ensu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The world's first iron pillar was the Iron pillar of Delhi—erected at the times of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (375–413), often considered as one of the finest pieces of ancient metallurgy. The swords manufactured in Indian workshops find written mention in the works of Muhammad al-Idrisi (flourished 1154). Ind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wood dust is known to be a human carcinogen, based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. It has been demonstrated through human epidemiologic studies that exposure to wood dust increases the occurrence of cancer of the nose (nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses). An association of wood dust ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The identity of the inverting atom has a dominating influence on the barrier. Inversion of ammonia is rapid at room temperature, inverting 30 billion times per second. Three factors contribute to the rapidity of the inversion: a low energy barrier (24.2 kJ/mol; 5.8 kcal/mol), a narrow barrier width (distance between ge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several manufacturers produce EDM machines for the specific purpose of removing broken cutting tools and fasteners from work pieces. In this application, the process is termed "metal disintegration machining" or MDM. The metal disintegration process removes only the center of the broken tool or fastener, leaving the ho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The diffuse series used to be called the first subordinate series, with the sharp series being the second subordinate, both being subordinate to (less intense than) the principal series. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Native gels, also known as non-denaturing gels, analyze proteins that are still in their folded state. Thus, the electrophoretic mobility depends not only on the charge-to-mass ratio, but also on the physical shape and size of the protein. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus, found in many phosphate minerals. In mineralogy and geology, phosphate refers to a rock or ore containing phosphate ions. Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry.
The largest global producer and export... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This table lists the gas–liquid–solid triple points of several substances. Unless otherwise noted, the data come from the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology).
Notes:
* For comparison, typical atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa (1 atm).
* Before the new definitio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Abel test is a method developed by the British chemist Frederick Abel (1827–1902) to determine the flash point of a given sample of petroleum in order to ascertain the temperature at which it could safely be stored or used.
The test was mandated by the British Petroleum Act 1879, which fixed the minimum flash point... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wetlands are sources of extreme biodiversity and ecological benefit. They contain a multitude of species of plants and animals, including 79 species classified as rare, threatened, or endangered. An estimate by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service indicates that wetlands provide for, directly and indirectly, up to 43% of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lyotropic liquid crystals result when amphiphiles, which are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic, dissolve into a solution that behaves both like a liquid and a solid crystal. This liquid crystalline mesophase includes everyday mixtures like soap and water.
To break the word down, "lyo" and "tropic" mean, respectively, "... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, isothiocyanate is a functional group as found in compounds with the formula . Isothiocyanates are the more common isomers of thiocyanates, which have the formula . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metabonomics is defined as "the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification". The word origin is from the Greek μεταβολή meaning change and nomos meaning a rule set or set of laws. This approach was pioneered by Jerem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This section is about frequency dispersion for waves on a fluid layer forced by gravity, and according to linear theory. For surface tension effects on frequency dispersion, see surface tension effects in Airy wave theory and capillary wave. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnetoelectrochemistry is a branch of electrochemistry dealing with magnetic effects in electrochemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two Dutch assay offices located in the city of Gouda and Joure. The Dutch recognize platinum, gold, silver and palladium as precious metals. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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