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Propionyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid. It is composed of a 24 total carbon chain (without the coenzyme, it is a 3 carbon structure) and its production and metabolic fate depend on which organism it is present in. Several different pathways can lead to its production, such as through the catabolism ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spectral lines are associated with atomic electronic transitions and polyatomic gases have their own absorption band system. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The elasticity for an enzyme catalyzed reaction with respect to the enzyme concentration has special significance. The Michaelis model of enzyme action means that the reaction rate for an enzyme catalyzed reaction is a linear function of enzyme concentration. For example, the irreversible Michaelis rate law is given be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to undergoing S2-type reactions, alkyl halides and similar substrates can add to a metal center via a radical mechanism, although some details remain controversial. Reactions which are generally accepted to proceed by a radical mechanism are known however. One example was proposed by Lednor and co-workers.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
See: Partition chromatography, Gas chromatography
Partition equilibrium chromatography is a type of chromatography that is typically used in gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The stationary phase in GC is a high boiling liquid bonded to solid surface and the mobile phase is a ga... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Henrys law has been shown to apply to a wide range of solutes in the limit of infinite dilution (x' → 0), including non-volatile substances such as sucrose. In these cases, it is necessary to state the law in terms of chemical potentials. For a solute in an ideal dilute solution, the chemical potential depends only on ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The human vomeronasal organ has epithelia that may be able to serve as a chemical sensory organ; however, the genes that encode the VNO receptors are nonfunctional pseudogenes in humans. Also, while there are sensory neurons in the human VNO there seem to be no connections between the VNO and the central nervous system... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cold-vapor technique is an atomization method limited only for the determination of mercury, due to it being the only metallic element to have a large vapor pressure at ambient temperature. Because of this, it has an important use in determining organic mercury compounds in samples and their distribution in the env... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the US, onshore and offshore pipelines used to transport oil and gas are regulated by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). Certain offshore pipelines used to produce oil and gas are regulated by the Minerals Management Service (MMS). In Canada, pipelines are regulated by either the pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A novel myokine osteonectin, or SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), plays a vital role in bone mineralization, cell-matrix interactions, and collagen binding. Osteonectin inhibits tumorigenesis in mice. Osteonectin can be classed as a myokine, as it was found that even a single bout of exercise increa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the RHEED setup, only atoms at the sample surface contribute to the RHEED pattern. The glancing angle of incident electrons allows them to escape the bulk of the sample and to reach the detector. Atoms at the sample surface diffract (scatter) the incident electrons due to the wavelike properties of electrons.
The di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Among the earlier uses of bitumen in the United Kingdom was for etching. William Salmons Polygraphice' (1673) provides a recipe for varnish used in etching, consisting of three ounces of virgin wax, two ounces of mastic, and one ounce of asphaltum. By the fifth edition in 1685, he had included more asphaltum recipes fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coulomb crystals of various ionic species have applications across much of physics, for example, in high precision spectroscopy, quantum information processing and cavity QED. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2000, Steglich et al. reported an intramolecular Pd(II)-mediated decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction in their synthesis of lamellarin L.
Myers et al. reported decarboxylative olefination of ortho-substituted arene carboxylates in the presence of an oxidant (Ag2CO3) in 2002.
Subsequent studies showed that homogen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The insertion of membrane proteins into a lipid membrane has been monitored using LD, supplying the experimentalist with information about the orientation of the protein relative to the lipid membrane at different time points.
In addition, other types of molecule have been analysed by UV LD, including carbon nanotubes ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MAP1a (MAP1A) and MAP1b (MAP1B) are the two major members of the MAP1 family. These two proteins are high molecular weight. They bind to microtubules through charge interactions, a different mechanism to many other MAPs. While the C termini of these MAPs bind the microtubules, the N termini bind other parts of the cyto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Knockout mice that completely lack the RIP140 molecule are lean and stay lean, even on a rich diet.
Knockout mice (females) are also infertile because they fail to ovulate. Failure of ovulation in these mice is caused by lack of cumulus expansion and altered expression of various genes, including amphiregulin, in ovari... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hieronymus Theodor Richter (21 November 1824 – 25 September 1898) was a German chemist.
He was born in Dresden. In 1863, while working at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, he co-discovered indium with Ferdinand Reich. He was also a member of the student fraternity "Corps Saxo-Borussia Freiberg". In 1875... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selection of an appropriate DNA polymerase is critical to the efficiency of the base addition step and must meet several criteria:
* Ability to efficiently incorporate FdNTP at consecutive positions
* Lack of 3–5 exonuclease and proofreading activity to prevent the removal newly incorporated FdNTP
* High fidelity to mi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PTT utilizes photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) which can transform light energy to heat through photothermal effect to raise the temperature of tumor area and thus cause the ablation of tumor cells. Specifically, ideal PTAs should have high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), excellent optical stability and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.
Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular rotational transitions can also be observed by Raman spectroscopy. Rotational transitions are Raman-allowed for any molecule with an anisotropic polarizability which includes all molecules except for spherical tops. This means that rotational transitions of molecules with no permanent dipole moment, which ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Besides anchoring cells to the ECM, laminins are also involved in the signalling of cells and other components of the ECM. Even though there is not a general mechanism that applies to all laminins in signalling, there are some common pathways that can be seen in more than one isoform of laminin. For example, the PI3K/A... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The effects on animals occur very rapidly and strongly, all resulting in death. Exposure to a high concentration of MFA vapor does not show any symptoms in animals until 30–60 minutes. Then violent reactions and death took place in a few hours, according to studies. From intravenous injection mice, rats, and guinea pig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some of the best-known examples of quorum sensing come from studies of bacteria. Bacteria use quorum sensing to regulate certain phenotype expressions, which in turn, coordinate their behavio rs. Some common phenotypes include biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, and motility. Certain bacteria are able to us... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical compound. The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" just names it. These ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many structures have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Metallacrowns typically contain fused chelate rings in their structure, which imparts them with substantial stability. Metallacrowns have been synthesized with substantial variety. Mixed ligand and mixed ring-metal, and mixed-oxidation sta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Similar to d metal complexes, d octahedral metal complexes have D spectral term. The transition is from the (t)(e) configuration (E state) to the (t)(e) configuration (T state). This could also be described as a positive "hole" that moves from the e to the t orbital set. The sign of Dq is opposite that for d, with a E ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The emerging understanding of the role of eNSCs in the adult mammalian brain suggested the relevance of these cells to disease. To address this issue, experiments were performed where the activation of eNSCs was induced in models of disease. This allowed the study of the consequences of activating eNSCs in the diseased... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1837, Draper accepted an appointment to be head of chemistry in a proposed medical school at New York University, but sufficient funds were not available to go ahead with the project. In 1839, Draper was elected undergraduate professor of chemistry and botany at the university, and moved with his family to New York ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The creator of LEXO, Hongbin "Bill" Ma, is a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering and director of the Center for Thermal Management at the University of Missouri. After noticing how often he forgot coffee while waiting for it to cool, Ma began working on a “cup with constant temperature” in the summer of 2... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of organic molecules are molecular assemblies formed spontaneously on surfaces by adsorption and are organized into more or less large ordered domains. In some cases molecules that form the monolayer do not interact strongly with the substrate. This is the case for instance of the two-di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As an example camphor tosylhydrazone is synthesised from camphor and tosylhydrazine in ethanol with hydrochloric acid catalysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The binding of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to glycans could be modeled with simple equilibrium. Denoting glycans as and proteins as :
With an associated equilibrium constant of
Which is rearranged to give dissociation constant following biochemical conventions:
Given that many GBPs exhibit multivalency, this model... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The International Tables for Crystallography is an eight-book series that outlines the standard notations for formatting, describing and testing crystals. The series contains books that covers analysis methods and the mathematical procedures for determining organic structure through x-ray crystallography, electron diff... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most metal alkyl complexes contain other, non-alkyl ligands. Great interest, mainly theoretical, has focused on the homoleptic complexes. Indeed, the first reported example of a complex containing a metal-sp carbon bond was the homoleptic complex diethylzinc. Other examples include hexamethyltungsten, tetramethyltit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), eating food or drinking water contaminated with high levels of coal-tar creosote may cause a burning in the mouth and throat, and stomach pains. ATSDR also states that brief direct contact with large amounts of coal-tar creosote may result in a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In horizontal sieve shaker the sieve stack moves in horizontal circles in a plane. Horizontal sieve shakers are preferably used for needle-shaped, flat, long or fibrous samples, as their horizontal orientation means that only a few disoriented particles enter the mesh and the sieve is not blocked so quickly. The large ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On Curtius rearrangement, acyl azides yield isocyanates.
Acyl azides are also formed in Darapsky degradation, | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In an infrared spectrum the intensity of an absorption band is proportional to the derivative of the molecular dipole moment with respect to the normal coordinate. Likewise, the intensity of Raman bands depends on the derivative of polarizability with respect to the normal coordinate. There is also a dependence on the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jeremy Munday writes that although "unexpected effects will likely occur" with global PDRC implementation, that "these structures can be removed immediately if needed, unlike methods that involve dispersing particulate matter into the atmosphere, which can last for decades." Wang et al. state that stratospheric aerosol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,3-Dienes such as butadiene and isoprene dimerize in the coordination spheres of some metals, giving chelating bis(allyl) complexes. Such complexes also arise from ring-opening of divinylcyclobutane. Chelating bis(allyl) complexes are intermediates in the metal-catalyzed dimerization of butadiene to give vinylcyclohe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The initial condition is not required because of periodicity. Since both the equation and the boundary conditions are linear, the velocity can be written as the real part of some complex function
because .
Substituting this into the partial differential equation reduces it to ordinary differential equation
with boundar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*[http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/absorb.html The SSRL Absorption Package] —
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223025616/http://www.gwyndafevans.co.uk/chooch.html CHOOCH] —
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090909133542/http://www.hwi.buffalo.edu/snb/ Shake-and-Bake] (SnB) —
*[http://shelx.uni-ac.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Newton's Second Law can be written as follows if only the pressure gradient, gravity, and friction act on an air parcel, where bold symbols are vectors:
Here U is the velocity field of the air, Ω is the angular velocity vector of the planet, ρ is the density of the air, P is the air pressure, F is the friction, g is th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ultraviolet lamps are used to sterilize workspaces and tools used in biology laboratories and medical facilities. Commercially available low-pressure mercury-vapor lamps emit about 86% of their radiation at 254 nanometers (nm), with 265 nm being the peak germicidal effectiveness curve. UV at these germicidal wavelength... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is
:CaCO + heat → CaO + CO
This reaction can take place at anywhere above , but is generally considered to occur at (at which temperature... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first named alkyl radical was ethyl, named so by Liebig in 1833 from the German word "Äther" (which in turn had been derived from the Greek word "aither" meaning "air", for the substance now known as diethyl ether) and the Greek word ύλη (hyle), meaning "matter". This was followed by methyl (Dumas and Peligot in 18... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RNA polymerase III uses a very similar factor to TFIIB called Brf (TFIIB-related factor) which also contains a conserved zinc ribbon and C terminal core. However, the structure diverges in the more flexible linker region although Brf still contains highly conserved sequences in the same positions that the B reader and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells. The term can also sometimes be used to refer to all RNAs, or just mRNA, depending on the particular experiment. The term transcriptome is a portmanteau of the words transcript and genome; it ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ITPP is a membrane-permeant allosteric regulator of hemoglobin that mildly reduces its oxygen-binding affinity, which shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right and thereby increases oxygen release from the blood into tissue. Phytic acid, in contrast, is not membrane-permeant due to its charge distri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protein backbones are very stable in water at neutral pH and room temperature, although the rate of hydrolysis of different peptide bonds can vary. The half life of a peptide bond under normal conditions can range from 7 years to 350 years, even higher for peptides protected by modified terminus or within the protein i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HOSA reacts under basic conditions as an electrophile and under neutral and acid conditions as a nucleophile. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The functionality of a monomeric structural unit is defined as the number of covalent bonds which it forms with other reactants. A structural unit in a linear polymer chain segment forms two bonds and is therefore bifunctional, as for the PET structural units above.
Other values of functionality exist. Unless the macro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In experiments in animals favipiravir has shown activity against West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus as well as other flaviviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses and alphaviruses. Activity against enteroviruses and Rift Valley fever virus has also been demonstrated. Favipiravir has showed lim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main finding of Haber and Weiss was that hydrogen peroxide (HO) is decomposed by a chain reaction.
The Haber–Weiss reaction chain proceeds by successive steps: (i) initiation, (ii) propagation and (iii) termination.
The chain is initiated by the Fenton reaction:
:Fe + HO → Fe + HO + HO (step 1: initiation)
Then... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Three-roll push bending (TRPB) is the most commonly used freeform-bending process to manufacture bending geometries consisting of several plane bending curves. Nevertheless, 3D-shaping is possible. The profile is guided between bending-roll and supporting-roll(s), while being pushed through the tools. The position of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Values for log K typically range between -3 (very hydrophilic) and +10 (extremely lipophilic/hydrophobic).
The values listed here are sorted by the partition coefficient. Acetamide is hydrophilic, and 2,2′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl is lipophilic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Together with benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, salts of benzyltriethylammonium are common phase-transfer catalysts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Penicillin patents became a matter of concern and conflict. Chain had wanted to apply for a patent but Florey had objected, arguing that penicillin should benefit all. Florey sought the advice of Sir Henry Dale, the chairman of the Wellcome Trust and a member of the Scientific Advisory Panel to the British Cabinet, and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) was an English polymath who discovered nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, and (along with Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier) oxygen. Beginning in 1775, Priestley published his research in Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air, a six-volume wor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Iran:
**Ali Abad
**Astane-ye Ashrafiye
**Astara
**Babolsar
**Bandar-e Anzali
**Bandar-e-Gaz
**Bandar Torkaman
**Behshahr
**Chalus
**Fenderesk
**Gomishan
**Gonbad-e Kavus
**Gorgan
**Juybar
**Kordkuy
**Lahijan
**Langarud
**Mahmudabad
**Neka
**Nowshahr
**Nur
**Ramsar
**Rasht
**Rudbar
**Rudsar
**Sari
**Sorkhrud
**Talesh
*... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bilirubin consists of an open-chain tetrapyrrole. It is formed by oxidative cleavage of a porphyrin in heme, which affords biliverdin. Biliverdin is reduced to bilirubin. After conjugation with glucuronic acid, bilirubin is water-soluble and can be excreted.
Bilirubin is structurally similar to the pigment phycobilin u... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Magnetometric surveys can be useful in defining magnetic anomalies which represent ore (direct detection), or in some cases gangue minerals associated with ore deposits (indirect or inferential detection). This includes iron ore, magnetite, hematite, and often pyrrhotite.
Developed countries such as Australia, Canada a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to chip cooling, thermal bumps can also be applied to high heat-flux interconnects to provide a constant, steady source of power for energy scavenging applications. Such a source of power, typically in the mW range, can trickle charge batteries for wireless sensor networks and other battery operated systems... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics and chemistry, effusion is the process in which a gas escapes from a container through a hole of diameter considerably smaller than the mean free path of the molecules. Such a hole is often described as a pinhole and the escape of the gas is due to the pressure difference between the container and the exteri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some forms of photosynthetic bacteria, a chromatophore is a pigmented(coloured), membrane-associated vesicle used to perform photosynthesis. They contain different coloured pigments.
Chromatophores contain bacteriochlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. In purple bacteria, such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, the light-harv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
"Uranium and Thorium contents were measured inside various tobacco samples by using a method based on determining detection efficiencies of the CR-39 and LR-115 II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) for the emitted alpha particles. Alpha and beta activities per unit volume, due to radon, thoron and their decay... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most transcription factors function in cooperation with other factors by protein–protein interactions. Association of MITF with other proteins is a critical step in the regulation of MITF-mediated transcriptional activity. Some commonly studied MITF interactions include those with MAZR, PIAS3, Tfe3, hUBC9, PKC1, and LE... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Poly(A)polymerase was first identified in 1960 as an enzymatic activity in extracts made from cell nuclei that could polymerise ATP, but not ADP, into polyadenine. Although identified in many types of cells, this activity had no known function until 1971, when poly(A) sequences were found in mRNAs. The only function of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to the final of Phantom Singer 2, Kang was grouped together with Bae Doo-hoon, Cho Min-kyu and Ko Woo-rim to form Forestella. He had never been grouped with any of the other members up until the random quartet stage. They eventually won the competition and debuted on March 14, 2018.
Kang signed as a solo artist w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Amorphous brazing foils are typically used for brazing, a metallurgy process by which two pieces of metal are joined by melting and cooling a third "fill metal" at their joint. The use of preforms increases the capability of ABFs for use on an industrial scale, even being able to be assembled by machine. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pourbaix diagrams are widely used to describe the behaviour of chemical species in the hydrosphere. In this context, reduction potential is often used instead of . The main advantage is to directly work with a logarithm scale.
is a dimensionless number and can easily be related to by the equation:
Where, is the t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most common anodizing processes, for example, sulphuric acid on aluminium, produce a porous surface which can accept dyes easily. The number of dye colours is almost endless; however, the colours produced tend to vary according to the base alloy. The most common colours in the industry, due to them being relatively... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Overlapping distribution method was introduced by Charles H. Bennett for estimating chemical potential. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of a transition state has been important in many theories of the rates at which chemical reactions occur. This started with the transition state theory (also referred to as the activated complex theory), which was first developed around 1935 by Eyring, Evans and Polanyi, and introduced basic concepts in che... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Provided a vertex unit is isolobal with BH then it can, in principle at least, be substituted for a BH unit, even though BH and CH are not isoelectronic. The CH unit is isolobal, hence the rules are applicable to carboranes. This can be explained due to a frontier orbital treatment. Additionally there are isolobal tran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following illustrate the principles.
The 1:1:1:1 quaternary compound between bromine, chlorine, iodine and phosphorus:
* phosphorus bromide chloride iodide (phosphorus is the most electropositive, the others are all designated as electronegative and are sequenced alphabetically)
The ternary 2:1:5 compound of antim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bessel function at its upper limit becomes
which converges to
This is highly reminiscent of the Stokes layer on an oscillating flat plate, or the skin-depth penetration of an alternating magnetic field into an electrical conductor.
On the surface , but the exponential term becomes negligible once becomes large, th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2007 Houser et al. developed the analogous parameter to distinguish whether the geometry of the coordination center is square planar or tetrahedral. The formula is:
where: and are the two greatest valence angles of coordination center; is a tetrahedral angle.
When is close to 0 the geometry is similar to square... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to their relatively weak bond dissociation energy (in comparison to C−C bonds and the like), disulfides have been employed in covalent adaptable network (CAN) systems in order to allow for dynamic breakage and reformation of crosslinks. By incorporating disulfide functional groups as crosslinks between polymer chai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pathways utilizing nutrients found in low concentrations in the local environment are generally found in higher abundance in the virus. In marine environments, AMGs can confer fitness advantages for both host and viruses under relatively nutrient-limited conditions compared to sediment and strong ultraviolet stress of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bryoamaride is a chemical compound isolated from certain plants, notably Bryonia dioica. It can be seen as a derivative of the triterpene hydrocarbon cucurbitane (), more specifically from cucurbitacin L or 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin I.
The derivative 25-O-acetylbryoamaride is found in Trichosanthes tricuspidata. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Fermi transition, the electron and neutrino emitted from the β-decay parent nucleus have spin vectors which are anti-parallel to one another.
This means
: no change in the total angular momentum of the nucleus
;Examples:
also parity is conserved: .
: = excited state of N | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Memory metal has been utilized in orthopedic surgery as a fixation-compression device for osteotomies, typically for lower extremity procedures. The device, usually in the form of a large staple, is stored in a refrigerator in its malleable form and is implanted into pre-drilled holes in the bone across an osteotomy. A... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iron export occurs in a variety of cell types, including neurons, red blood cells, macrophages and enterocytes. The latter two are especially important since systemic iron levels depend upon them. There is only one known iron exporter, ferroportin. It transports ferrous iron out of the cell, generally aided by cerulopl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Annealing of the 3 end of one primer to itself or the second primer may cause primer extension, resulting in the formation of so-called primer dimers, visible as low-molecular-weight bands on PCR gels. Primer dimer formation often competes with formation of the DNA fragment of interest, and may be avoided using primers... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Particular advantages of the powder technology include:
# Very high levels of purity and uniformity in starting materials
# Preservation of purity, due to the simpler subsequent fabrication process (fewer steps) that it makes possible
# Stabilization of the details of repetitive operations, by control of grain size dur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Control of the wetting contact angle can often be achieved through the deposition or incorporation of various organic and inorganic molecules onto the surface. This is often achieved through the use of specialty silane chemicals which can form a SAM (self-assembled monolayers) layer. With the proper selection of the or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For many years scientists in drug development have been blind to the three-dimensional consequences of stereochemistry, chiefly due to the lack of technology for making enantioselective investigations. Besides the thalidomide tragedy, another event that raised the importance of issues of stereochemistry in drug researc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An illustrative example: There are two types of Zintl ions in KSi; 2x (pseudo P,
or according to Wades rules, 12 = 2n + 4 skeletal-electrons corresponding to a nido'-form of a trigonal-bipyramid) and 1x
(according to Wades rules, 22 = 2n + 4 skeletal-electrons corresponding to a nido'-form of a bicapped square antipr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several numerical studies of small lattice systems appear to tentatively confirm the predictions of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in interacting systems which would be expected to thermalize. Likewise, systems which are integrable tend not to obey the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
Some analytical res... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemical potential is the partial molar free energy. The potential, μ, of the ith species in a chemical reaction is the partial derivative of the free energy with respect to the number of moles of that species, N:
A general chemical equilibrium can be written as
n are the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Predicted or estimated protein chemical shifts can be used to assist with the chemical shift assignment process. This is especially true if a similar (or identical) protein structure has been solved by X-ray crystallography. In this case, the three-dimensional structure can be used to estimate what the NMR chemical sh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Buckingham π theorem describes how every physically meaningful equation involving variables can be equivalently rewritten as an equation of dimensionless parameters, where m is the rank of the dimensional matrix. Furthermore, and most importantly, it provides a method for computing these dimensionless parameters ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic oxygen process developed outside of traditional "big steel" environment. It was developed and refined by a single man, Swiss engineer Robert Durrer, and commercialized by two small steel companies in allied-occupied Austria, which had not yet recovered from the destruction of World War II.
In 1856, Henry Bess... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Once particles have aggregated to several micrometers in diameter, they begin to accumulate bacteria, since there is sufficient site space for feeding and reproduction. At this size, it is large enough to undergo sinking. It also has the components necessary to fit the "aggregate spinning wheel hypothesis". Evidence fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Species community assemblages and changes therein can help researchers to infer changes in the health of an ecosystem. In typical unpolluted temperate streams of Europe and North America, certain insect taxa predominate. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera), and stoneflies (Plecoptera) are the most commo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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